Relevant bibliographies by topics / Major Sport Leagues

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Major Sport Leagues'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Major Sport Leagues"

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Wade, James B., J. Richard Harrison, Michael E. Dobbs, and Xia Zhao. "Who Will Stay and Who Will Go? Related agglomeration and the mortality of professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada, 1871–1997." Organization Studies 40, no. 11 (July 30, 2018): 1657–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840618789204.

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Professional sports leagues play a major role in our society, but little attention has been given to organizational factors related to league survival. We address this issue by examining the effects of related agglomeration (the extent to which league teams are located near teams from other sports that share the same broad professional sport identity), sport age, market heterogeneity (high variance in the number of teams from other sports in its teams’ cities), and within-sport league competition (high niche overlap) on league mortality. Related agglomeration may lead to intensified competition but may also lead to benefits by producing agglomeration economies and by driving the development of regional identities. We propose that the effects of related agglomeration vary over a focal population’s life cycle. We also argue that leagues with high market heterogeneity have higher chances of failure, particularly under conditions of high competition. We test our ideas using event history analysis to examine mortality in the entire population history of professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada (which are fundamentally different from leagues in other parts of the world) from the first league founding in 1871 until 1997. We find that leagues in young sports whose teams tend to be located in cities with large numbers of other sports (high related agglomeration) suffer from higher mortality rates while leagues that are in more established sports are less likely to fail under these circumstances. Consistent with prior research, leagues are more likely to fail when they experience higher competition (higher niche overlap) with other leagues in their sport, and the effects of competition are exacerbated by high variance in the number of other sports across the leagues’ cities (high market heterogeneity). We end by discussing the implications of our results for more common multi-unit organizational forms such as franchises and by considering promising avenues for future research.
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Miller, Ryan, Harrison Schwarz, and Ismael S. Talke. "Forecasting Sports Popularity: Application of Time Series Analysis." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, no. 2 (July 26, 2017): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ajis-2017-0009.

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Abstract Popularity trends of the NFL and NBA are fun and interesting for casual fans while also of critical importance for advertisers and businesses with an interest in the sports leagues. Sports leagues have clear and distinct seasons and these have a major impact on when each league is most popular. To measure the popularity of each league, we used search data from Google Trends that gives real-time and historical data on the relative popularity of search words. By using search volume to measure popularity, the times of year, a sport is popular relative to its season can be explained. It is also possible to forecast how sport leagues are trending relative to each other. We compared and discussed three different univariate models both theoretically and empirically: the trend plus seasonality regression, Holt- Winters Multiplicative (HWMM), and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models to determine the popularity trends. For each league, the six forecasting performance measures used in this study indicated HWMM gave the most accurate predictions.
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Confino, Jamie, James N. Irvine, Michaela O’Connor, Christopher S. Ahmad, and T. Sean Lynch. "Early Sports Specialization Is Associated With Upper Extremity Injuries in Throwers and Fewer Games Played in Major League Baseball." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 7 (July 2019): 232596711986110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119861101.

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Background: Single-sport athletes who specialize in baseball at a young age may have a greater predisposition to overuse injury, burnout, and decreased career longevity when compared with multiple-sport athletes. The effect of sport specialization has not been studied in professional baseball players. Hypothesis: Major League Baseball (MLB) players who played multiple sports in high school would experience fewer injuries, spend less time on the disabled list, play more games, and have a longer career than athletes who played only baseball in high school. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: First- and second-round MLB draft picks from 2008 to 2016 who played in at least 1 professional game were included in this study. Athletes who participated in 1 or more sports in addition to baseball during high school were considered multisport athletes, and athletes who participated in only baseball were considered single-sport athletes. For each athlete, participation in high school sports, injuries sustained in MLB and Minor League Baseball, number of days on the disabled list for each injury, number of games played in both leagues, and whether the athlete was still active were collected from publicly available records. Results: A total of 746 athletes were included in this study: 240 (32%) multisport and 506 (68%) single sport. Multisport athletes played in significantly more mean total games (362.8 vs 300.8; P < .01) as well as more mean MLB games (95.9 vs 71.6; P = .04) than single-sport athletes. There was no difference in the mean number of seasons played in the major leagues (1.8 vs 1.6; P = .15) or minor league (5.25 vs 5.20; P = .23) between multisport and single-sport athletes. Single-sport athletes had a significantly higher prevalence of upper extremity injuries compared with multisport athletes (136 [63%] vs 55 [50%]; P = .009). Single-sport pitchers also had a higher prevalence of shoulder and elbow injuries (86 vs 27; P = .008) and were more likely to have recurrent elbow injuries (33% vs 17% recurrence; P = .002) compared with multisport pitchers. Conclusion: Professional baseball players who participated in multiple sports in high school played in more major league games and experienced lower rates of upper and lower extremity injuries than players who played only baseball in high school.
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O'Reilly, Norm, David Finch, Gashaw Abeza, Nadège Levallet, John Nadeau, David Legg, and Bill Foster. "Segmentation of Ticket Holders in Minor League North American Professional Sport." Sports Innovation Journal 3 (May 18, 2022): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/25161.

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Minor professional sport in North America includes the many leagues that are not part of the “Big Five.” For these leagues, ticket sales, especially season ticket sales, are one of the major sources of club revenue. Segmenting customers into homogenous groups is well established as an effective means to render efficient marketing. In addition, market segmentation has been well researched in a variety of contexts; however, further research in the area of minor professional sport in North America will advance our knowledge and offer practical value to practitioners. Therefore, this research, in collaboration with a minor league professional sport club, provides a framework for season ticket holder segmentation application by minor professional sport leagues and clubs, and offers practical recommendations to reach niche markets.
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Sliwak, Ryan, Sandra Lee, and Noelany Pelc. "Domestic Violence in Sport: Complexities and Ethical Issues for Psychologists." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 44, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723520910817.

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The prevalence of domestic violence in the sports community continues to be a controversial topic of discussion. The conversation that surrounds domestic violence and athletes often occurs through a sports-only lens. Policies have been implemented by the various professional leagues, such as the Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association (NBA), and National Football League (NFL), to combat numerous incidents of domestic violence. Policies vary for each respective league. Discussion of domestic violence in sport has barely scratched the surface of identifying the complexity of the ethical dilemmas that psychologists may encounter. Three of these dilemmas are identified and discussed here: mandated treatment, confidentiality, and informed consent.
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Mirabito, Timothy, Robin Hardin, and Joshua R. Pate. "The Fractured Messaging of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and Its Members in Response to COVID-19." International Journal of Sport Communication 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-0249.

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The sports world’s near universal moratorium in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was abrupt and unprecedented. From professional leagues to youth sports, doors were closed to competitions and events to help stop the spread of the coronavirus. The hiatus began at one of the busiest times on the calendar for sport, with the National Basketball Association and National Hockey League seasons concluding; the Women's National Basketball Association and National Football League drafts taking place; Major League Baseball's spring training nearing its conclusion; the Professional Golf Association and Ladies Professional Golf Association Tours starting their seasons; and the National Collegiate Athletic Association's marquee events, the Division-I men’s and women’s basketball tournaments, set to begin. The suddenness of the interruption was met with a need by the various sport entities to engage their public with information about their respective responses. The statements that emerged on or after March 12—“the day the sports world stopped”—were not all the same. Many of the statements, in fact, were quite different. That was especially the case with the National Collegiate Athletic Association, whose governance structure and messaging practices hindered their ability to have a uniform response. The purpose of this essay was to examine the public messaging of sport leagues and organizations and to discuss the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of those public statements.
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Foster, George, Norm O’Reilly, Carlos Shimizu, Neal Khosla, and Ryan Murray. "Determinants of Regional Sport Network Television Ratings in MLB, NBA, and NHL." Journal of Sport Management 28, no. 3 (May 2014): 356–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2013-0133.

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This paper examines the determinants of live game Regional Sport Network (RSN) average annual ratings in three major North American professional sport leagues: Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Hockey League (NHL). A conceptual model of the determinants of club RSN ratings is constructed based on a marketing management framework. Five categories of determinants are identified: Product-Club, Product-Player, Brand-Club, Brand-Player, and Place. Data were collected over a 12-year period (1999–2011) for a total of 46 independent variables. The list of independent variables was reduced to 16 factors and a proxy variable for each of the factors identified. Univariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken. Strong support for the each of the five categories in the conceptual model was found for the pooled sample of all three leagues. Results at the individual league level revealed league differences in the relative importance of individual variables. Implications for future research and practice are presented.
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Jones, Justine, Kathryn Johnston, Lou Farah, and Joseph Baker. "Predicting Seasonal Performance in Professional Sport: A 30-Year Analysis of Sports Illustrated Predictions." Sports 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9120163.

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In 2017, Sports Illustrated (SI) made headlines when their remarkable prediction from 2014 that the Houston Astros (a team in one of the lowest Major League Baseball divisional rankings) would win the World Series, came true. The less-publicised story was that in 2017, SI predicted the Los Angeles Dodgers to win the Major League Baseball (MLB) title. Assessing the forecasting accuracy of experts is critical as it explores the difficulty and limitations of forecasts and can help illuminate how predictions may shape sociocultural notions of sport in society. To thoroughly investigate SI’s forecasting record, predictions were collected from the four major North American sporting leagues (the National Football League, National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, and National Hockey League) over the last 30 years (1988–2018). Kruskal–Wallis H Tests and Mann–Whitney U Tests were used to evaluate the absolute and relative accuracy of predictions. Results indicated that SI had the greatest predictive accuracy in the National Basketball Association and was significantly more likely to predict divisional winners compared to conference and league champions. Future work in this area may seek to examine multiple media outlets to gain a more comprehensive perspective on forecasting accuracy in sport.
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Conlin, Lindsey, Dylan M. McLemore, and Richard A. Rush. "Pinterest and Female Sport Fans: Gaining a Foothold in the Male-Dominated Sport World." International Journal of Sport Communication 7, no. 3 (September 2014): 357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2014-0027.

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Female sport fans account for over 45% of the fan base in some major professional sport leagues. This study analyzes every verified Pinterest account from teams in the 4 major North American sport leagues to investigate how teams use a social network consisting largely of female users to reach this growing target audience. The study finds that sport teams use Pinterest to promote purchasable items, share information about the team, highlight the fan experience, and share creative content—although to a lesser extent than the typical Pinterest user. Differences between leagues and details of content frames are discussed. Future directives for understanding how sport teams use Pinterest are presented, and the utility of visual framing for investigating new media is discussed.
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Achen, Rebecca M., John Kaczorowski, Trisha Horsmann, and Alanda Ketzler. "Exploring Off-Season Content and Interaction on Facebook: A Comparison of U.S. Professional Sport Leagues." International Journal of Sport Communication 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 389–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2018-0013.

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Research on social-media use in sport should be expanded to include analyses of content popularity and comparisons across leagues. This study used content analysis and a multivariate multilevel model to compare content type and interaction across U.S. professional sport leagues. Results indicated that teams in the National Football League had the most comments, teams in the Major League Baseball had the most shares, and teams in the National Basketball Association had the most likes. Content coded as player and personnel promotion, which included behind-the-scenes content and human-interest stories, received the most interaction. Sport marketers can use this information to drive content strategy. However, content designed to encourage interaction is still posted less often than most other types of content. These results suggest that marketers in sport may be using Facebook to build relationships by connecting fans personally with players, but not by encouraging interaction or 2-way conversation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Major Sport Leagues"

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Favaretto, Matteo <1996&gt. "Il Competitive Balance come principale differenza tra i modelli di gestione dello sport business di Stati Uniti ed Europa, analisi delle major leagues nordamericane e del calcio europeo." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19896.

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La tesi sviluppa un confronto tra il modello di sport management statunitense e quello europeo, in particolare andando ad analizzare le differenze nella struttura e nella gestione delle rispettive leghe sportive più significative, quindi NFL, NBA, MLB ed NHL per gli Stati Uniti e Premier League inglese, Liga spagnola, Bundesliga tedesca, Serie A italiana ed infine Ligue 1 francese per il calcio europeo. L'elaborato tratta nella prima parte le differenze strutturali gestionali nei due modelli di sport management da un punto di vista teorico, successivamente viene analizzato empiricamente il competitive balance dei vari campionati per capire quali hanno più appeal mediatico. Questo perché l'equilibrio competitivo è riconosciuto come fondamentale perché un campionato susciti interesse negli spettatori. In seguito vengono analizzate nel dettaglio le situazioni economico-finanziarie di leghe e club dei due modelli, facendo riferimento in particolare al volume di business generato ed alla sostenibilità economica nel medio-lungo periodo, per capire quale dei due risulta più efficace ed efficiente grazie alle proprie regole gestionali ed alla struttura sviluppata.
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Prockl, Franziska [Verfasser]. "The Economics of Major League Soccer / Franziska Prockl." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162952598/34.

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Pinheiro, Ryan X. "Efficient Free Agent Spending in Major League Baseball." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1396821766.

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Pautler, Matt D. "The Relationship Between Competitive Balance and Revenue in America's Two Largest Sports Leagues." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/86.

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This paper looks at the impact that competitive balance has on team revenues. The hypothesis that this paper is operating under is that higher levels of competitive balance will lead to higher levels of revenue. Two different measures of competitive balance will be used and regressions will be run to investigate whether high levels of the competitive balance measure are associated with high levels of revenue. The results of the data indicated that over all three time horizons (ten year, five year, and two year), high levels of variability in playoff appearances were associated with high revenue for Major League Baseball (MLB) teams. The results also indicate that over a two year time span, high standard deviation in winning percentage were associated with higher revenue in both MLB and the National Football League (NFL) and also that high standard deviation of winning percentage over a ten year period were associated with lower revenues in the NFL. The data provides consistent support for the hypothesis of a positive relationship between competitive balance and revenue in MLB and inconsistent support in the NFL. This inconsistent relationship in the NFL is hypothesized to be due to differences in time horizons. Over the short term, fans like to see high variability in winning percentage because it gives them faith that their team will be good the next season. In the long term however, fans do not like a lot of variability in their team and would rather see a consistent winner.
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Hemmelgarn, Mary F. "Franchise Relocation in the Four Major Professional Sports Leagues: An Analysis of General Trends." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/584.

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Over sixty franchise relocations have occurred across the four major professional sports leagues in the United States, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, National Football League and National Hockey League. By taking a look at the changes in four factors that occurred from the pre-move to post-move site of each franchise and move date, years in pre-move location and winning percentage of each franchise pre-move, this paper is able to determine general trends in determining why franchises move from and to particular locations. The six factors that are looked at in this study are standard metropolitan area size, moved date, years in pre-move location, racial demographics, per capita income and unemployment rate.
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Oakes, David M. "The crisis communication strategies of the three major professional sports leagues a comparative historical analysis /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433295.

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Yeager, Joshua. "Height, Weight, and Durability in Major League Baseball." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1684.

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Using data from the 2000-2016 Major League Baseball seasons, this paper looks at the determinants of durability amongst baseball athletes, durability is measured in games played for batters and innings pitched for pitchers, with a particular focus on height and weight. This paper finds evidence that lighter, shorter batters play significantly more games than taller, heavier batters. Additionally, amongst pitchers, there is only circumstantial evidence that height and weight are important determining factors of player durability. Finally, I find that starting pitchers increase the likelihood of becoming injured in the regular season by 10.3% and 21.8% if their hits per nine innings and home runs per nine inning totals, respectively increase by one.
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Conley, Cameron. "Poor Millionaires: A History of Free Agency in Major League Baseball and the National Football League." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/338.

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In 2011, both Major League Baseball (MLB) and the National Football League (NFL) saw the expiration of their collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) between the players’ unions and owners. Without an agreement in place, the two leagues would have been unable to play the next season. The CBAs established basic contract provisions, pensions and other benefits for players, and, most importantly, granted players the right to move between teams at their own discretion and outlined the manner in which they could do so. This process of changing teams was known as free agency.
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Brown, Jonathan Randolph. "PRODUCTIVITY AND INTEREST ARBITRATION IN MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL: 3 ESSAYS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/424786.

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Economics
Ph.D.
This dissertation consists of three essays exploring the labor market in Major League Baseball (MLB), as well as the negotiation environment for arbitration eligible players. Chapter 1 will show that the distribution of individual labor productivity has a significant effect on overall firm output. Results indicate that a firm with heterogeneous workers should consider not only the sum of individual contributions, but also how individual contributions are allocated, as increased concentration reduces overall output. Traditionally, salary dispersion acts as a proxy for ability dispersion. Past literature indicates that workers respond to disparity, though the literature is conflicting as to the direction of this response. In all cases, however, using salary as a proxy for worker production over-simplifies the firm's decision-making process. This chapter uses data from MLB to measure productivity concentration directly, independent of wage concentration. If workers act as complements to one another then the concentration of productivity will influence overall output in a way that is unrelated to the distribution of salaries. This analysis allows for workers’ behavioral response to wage, and the productivity effects of heterogeneous individual production levels, to be evaluated separately. The analysis could extend to any industry in which workers act as a team contributing a portion of a final product. These findings are particularly useful for industries, like MLB, in which varying degrees of monopsonistic power make wage a poor proxy for productivity.\\ Chapter 2 discusses Final Offer Interest Arbitration (FOA), a bargaining mechanism designed to promote private negotiation and, when necessary, resolve a negotiation impasse without a work stoppage. If parties cannot settle on mutually acceptable terms, they bring their proposed terms to an arbitrator. The arbitrator then rules in favor of one party. In a Final Offer system, the winning party's terms become the binding terms of the agreement. In order for FOA to be an effective mechanism, it should promote bargaining, meaning it is used relatively infrequently and, when used, its outcomes should resemble privately negotiated terms. Traditionally, both parties are given equal power to select the arbitrator who will hear the case. This veto power during the selection process should weed out any calculable or predicable favoring of one party over another, so an FOA system should not yield significantly different settlements from those that do not go to arbitration and are instead privately negotiated. This chapter explores the use of FOA in Major League Baseball. Different players face arbitration eligibility at points during their career, allowing for a side-by-side view of settlements with and without an FOA mechanism. Results indicate that FOA has succeeded in promoting bargaining, but that a bias against players lingers even as uncertainty dwindles. Chapter 3 is meant to complement chapter 2 by further exploring FOA. Arbitrators must maintain a degree of unpredictability in order to promote private negotiation. However, they also must be predictable enough that parties expect a "high-quality" ruling, meaning the outcome falls within a range that parties believe reflects privately negotiated decisions. I use data from Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission (WERC) to explore the way teams learn from past decisions to reduce uncertainty surrounding arbitrator decisions.
Temple University--Theses
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Hutchinson, Taurean D. "Determinants of Sports Performance: Case Studies on Olympics & Major League Soccer." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1410.

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This dissertation proposal examines empirically the determinants of Olympic performance and the transition and persistence of Major League Soccer (MLS). The first chapter estimates the relationship between the performance by a country at the Olympics, measured by number of medals obtained, and a country's health indicators. We want to examine the relationship that improved sanitation access has on Olympic performance. The data sources are from the Olympic Committee, World Development Indicators and various sources. A panel tobit estimation will be used to examine this relationship. The second chapter deals with the determinants of Major League Soccer teams' performance. We want to examine and estimate variables that improve the performance of MLS teams. The data sources are taken from Major League Soccer teams main pages, Bureau of Economic Analyis, Bureau of Labor Statistics and the United States Census Bureau. We will use a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation and instrumental variable (IV) estimation which assists us in controlling for observed endogeneity. The third chapter examines the competitive transition and persistence associated with Major League Soccer. A proportional hazard model and a multinomial logit model is used in this estimation to examine the ability of teams to remain competitive, where we explore the factors that assists teams in remaining in specific states of competitiveness.
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Books on the topic "Major Sport Leagues"

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Propheter, Geoffrey. Major League Sports and the Property Tax. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18790-2.

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Public/private partnerships for major league sports facilities. New York: Routledge, 2012.

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Long-range goals: The success story of major league soccer. Washington, D.C: Potomac Books, 2010.

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New York State Urban Development Corporation. Major and minor league facilities: Analysis and recommendations. [New York, N.Y: The Corp., 1993.

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Marcus Common Interest Forum (6th 1989 Milwaukee, Wis.). The Marcus Common Interest Forum, Milwaukee: major league: A conference. Milwaukee, Wis: Management Research Center, 1989.

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Dusterberg, Kurt William. Journeymen: 24 bittersweet tales of short major league sports careers. Wilmington, Ohio: Orange Frazer Press, 2007.

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Moffi, Larry. Crossing the line: Black major leaguers, 1947-1959. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland, 1994.

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Moffi, Larry. Crossing the line: Black major leaguers, 1947-1959. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1994.

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Porterfield, Jason. Major league baseball: The great steroid scandals. New York: Rosen Central, 2010.

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'30: Major League Baseball's year of the batter. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Major Sport Leagues"

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Ingham, Steve, Jade Metzger-Riftkin, and Tara McManus. "Sports News Media, Major Leagues, and Intimate Partner Violence." In Social Issues in Sport Communication, 212–26. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003316763-22.

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Austin, Marchell M. "Major League Baseball Called for Balk!" In Sports and the Law, 288–91. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003249931-54.

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Propheter, Geoffrey. "Who Pays Which Property Taxes?" In Major League Sports and the Property Tax, 65–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18790-2_3.

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Propheter, Geoffrey. "What Is the Property Tax Expenditure Worth?" In Major League Sports and the Property Tax, 109–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18790-2_5.

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Propheter, Geoffrey. "Public Service Cost of the Tax Expenditure." In Major League Sports and the Property Tax, 135–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18790-2_6.

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Propheter, Geoffrey. "Introduction." In Major League Sports and the Property Tax, 1–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18790-2_1.

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Propheter, Geoffrey. "Estimating the Property Tax Expenditure." In Major League Sports and the Property Tax, 83–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18790-2_4.

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Propheter, Geoffrey. "Conclusion." In Major League Sports and the Property Tax, 149–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18790-2_7.

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Propheter, Geoffrey. "Property Tax Systems and Their Administration." In Major League Sports and the Property Tax, 31–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18790-2_2.

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Francis, John D. "Learning from Failure: Is Major League Soccer Repeating the Mistakes of the North American Soccer League?" In Sport as a Business, 213–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230306639_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Major Sport Leagues"

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Silvestri, Roberto, Tiziana D'Isanto, Riccardo Izzo, and Felice Di Domenico. "The winning shares in the major football leagues." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2019 - Spring Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.22.

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Silvestri, Roberto, Francesco Peluso Cassese, and Gaetano Altavilla. "The winning game in the major football leagues." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2019 - Spring Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.76.

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Pan, Shuaidong, Faner Lin, and Jiebo Luo. "Do Sports and Politics Mix? Cross-Analysis of Fan Bases of Major League Sports and Presidential Candidates." In 2020 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asonam49781.2020.9381306.

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Luo, Yudong, Oliver Schulte, and Pascal Poupart. "Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Team Sports: Valuing Actions and Players." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/464.

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Abstract:
A major task of sports analytics is to rank players based on the impact of their actions. Recent methods have applied reinforcement learning (RL) to assess the value of actions from a learned action value or Q-function. A fundamental challenge for estimating action values is that explicit reward signals (goals) are very sparse in many team sports, such as ice hockey and soccer. This paper combines Q-function learning with inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) to provide a novel player ranking method. We treat professional play as expert demonstrations for learning an implicit reward function. Our method alternates single-agent IRL to learn a reward function for multiple agents; we provide a theoretical justification for this procedure. Knowledge transfer is used to combine learned rewards and observed rewards from goals. Empirical evaluation, based on 4.5M play-by-play events in the National Hockey League (NHL), indicates that player ranking using the learned rewards achieves high correlations with standard success measures and temporal consistency throughout a season.
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Rodrigues, Lucas D. F., Luiz C. C. L. Junior, Antonio F. L. Jacob Junior, and Fábio M. F. Lobato. "Desenvolvimento de um conjunto de dados com comentários extraídos da plataforma Twitch sobre o jogo League of Legends." In Brazilian Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Mining. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/brasnam.2021.16128.

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Abstract:
O crescimento das plataformas de transmissão ao vivo como a Twitch, impulsionado pelo aumento no volume de criadores de conteúdo, impactou positivamente em uma indústria economicamente importante, os jogos eletrônicos (e-Sports). O destaque da categoria dentro do tipo Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) vai para o League of Legends, que foi um dos responsáveis pela legitimação e profissionalização dos e-Sports. O jogo possui uma vasta gama de criadores e que trazem consigo uma grande quantidade de interações dos internautas que os assistem. Um fenômeno deletério percebido neste cenário é a proliferação de discursos ofensivos, com comentários atacando ou denegrindo pessoas ou grupos, criando uma rede de ódio. Neste ensejo, neste trabalho apresentamos um conjunto de dados construído com comentários extraídos das transmissões dos criadores com maior engajamento na plataforma, visualizando os aspectos característicos e verificando de forma experimental, como o ódio está distribuído. Esta base de dados tem o potencial de auxiliar pesquisas envolvendo a detecção e também na análise desta indústria/domínio de aplicação da temática abordada.
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