Relevant bibliographies by topics / Major psychoses

Academic literature on the topic 'Major psychoses'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Major psychoses"

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McGuire, P. K., P. Jones, P. McGuffin, and R. M. Murray. "‘Cannabis psychosis’ and the major psychoses." Schizophrenia Research 9, no. 2-3 (April 1993): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(93)90126-4.

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Guinness, E. A. "II. Brief Reactive Psychosis and the Major Functional Psychoses: Descriptive Case Studies in Africa." British Journal of Psychiatry 160, S16 (April 1992): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000296773.

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In a three-year prospective study of service-based incidence of functional psychoses in Africa, 94 cases of brief reactive psychosis were compared with 56 cases of schizophreniform syndromes, 29 cases of DSM-III schizophrenia and 14 of manic-depressive psychosis. This was supplemented by retrospective study of the same syndromes not in their first episode. Brief reactive psychosis was found to be a composite syndrome. The 50% with preceding depression were a distinct group, in terms of course and demographic features. Of those with intense prodromal anxiety, most were a single episode precipitated by a major life event, a few showed a recurrent long-term pattern. Schizophrenia was heralded, or presented unequivocally months or years later, in 10-20%. The schizophreniform group comprised a range of atypical psychoses intermediate between the transient and major psychoses. The pattern of precipitants and the over-representation of education and paid employment in the acute syndromes, compared with the major psychoses, in a society which was largely first-generation educated, suggested a link with rapid social change.
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Ungvari, Gabor Sandor, and Paul Edward Mullen. "Reactive Psychoses Revisited." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 3 (June 2000): 458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00752.x.

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Objective and Method: This paper describes the overlap between reactive (psychogenic) psychosis and other brief psychotic episodes, and explores the gradual disappearance of reactive psychoses as a distinct nosological entity from international classifications. Clinical and conceptual issues concerning reactive psychosis are examined on the basis of a critical review of major classical and modern papers. A brief illustrative case history is also provided. Results: Reactive psychoses are conceptualised as severe disturbances of mental state, on occasion chameleon-like in their shifting form and content, arising in response to a stressful event or life situation. Reactive psychoses have an abrupt onset and usually run their course to complete resolution in a matter of days or weeks. Precipitants include overwhelming fear, threat of imminent destruction, social isolation (as can occur with imprisonment, immigration or deafness), bereavement and intense sexual or interpersonal conflicts. The emergence of a reactive psychosis usually occurs against the background of a predisposing vulnerability in terms of personality disorder, organic impairment, or a history of sensitising experiences, occasionally operating in combination. Conclusions: The increasing failure to recognise reactive psychoses diminishes clinical psychiatry because it removes an important opportunity for understanding mental disorder in terms of an integration, and totalisation, of developmental history, psychological makeup, social context and current realities, and in so doing lessens our awareness of the links between psychosis and our common humanity.
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SCHRIFT, MICHAEL J., HANUMAIAH BANDLA, PRAMOD SHAH, and MICHAEL ALAN TAYLOR. "Interhemispheric Transfer in Major Psychoses." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 174, no. 4 (April 1986): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198604000-00002.

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Filatova, S., R. Marttila, H. Koivumaa-Honkanen, T. Nordström, J. Veijola, P. Mäki, G. M. Khandaker, et al. "A comparison of the cumulative incidence and early risk factors for psychotic disorder in young adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts 1966 and 1986." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 26, no. 3 (March 28, 2016): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796016000123.

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Aims.Few studies have compared time trends for the incidence of psychosis. To date, the results have been inconsistent, showing a decline, an increase or no significant change. As far as we know, no studies explored changes in prevalence of early risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in early risk factors and cumulative incidences of psychosis by type of psychosis in two comparable birth cohorts.Methods.The Northern Finland Birth cohorts (NFBCs) 1966 (N = 12 058) and 1986 (N = 9432) are prospective general population-based cohorts with the children followed since mother's mid-pregnancy. The data for psychoses, i.e. schizophrenia (narrow, spectrum), bipolar disorder with psychotic features, major depressive episode with psychotic features, brief psychosis and other psychoses (ICD 8–10) were collected from nationwide registers including both inpatients and outpatients. The data on early risk factors including sex and place of birth of the offspring, parental age and psychosis, maternal education at birth were prospectively collected from the population registers. The follow-up reached until the age of 27 years.Results.An increase in the cumulative incidence of all psychoses was seen (1.01% in NFBC 1966 v. 1.90% in NFBC 1986; p < 0.001), which was due to an increase in diagnosed affective and other psychoses. Earlier onset of cases and relatively more psychoses in women were observed in the NFBC 1986. Changes in prevalence of potential early risk factors were identified, but only parental psychosis was a significant predictor in both cohorts (hazard ratios ≥3.0; 95% CI 1.86–4.88). The difference in psychosis incidence was not dependent on changes in prevalence of studied early risk factors.Conclusions.Surprisingly, increase in the cumulative incidence of psychosis and also changes in the types of psychoses were found between two birth cohorts 20 years apart. The observed differences could be due to real changes in incidence or they can be attributable to changes in diagnostic practices, or to early psychosis detection and treatment.
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Horn, Rolf. "The Concept of Delirium in German-Speaking Psychiatry." International Psychogeriatrics 3, no. 2 (December 1991): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610291000674.

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The concept of delirium has gone through a major transformation in German-speaking psychiatry. In the traditional German-speaking literature, the concept was defined in very broad terms, partially corresponding to our present concept of psychosis. Today, the term is usually interpreted in terms of Bonhoeffer's “acute exogenous reaction types” which are classified under the reversible psychoses with “lowered consciousness”; the reversible (acute) organic psychoses are subdivided into those with and those without disturbance of consciousness.
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Echeverría Hernández, N., M. D. M. Lázaro Redondo, F. de la Torre Brasas, A. Duque Domínguez, A. Mas Villaseñor, C. García Montero, L. Martín Díaz, and M. Otalora Navarro. "Psychoses of epilepsy – “Acute attacks of insanity”. What literature says and how we act." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2364.

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IntroductionPatients with epilepsy seem particularly liable to certain major psychiatric disorders. Prevalence of schizophrenia within an epileptic population varies between 3% and 7% (1% in general population). The aetiology is possibly multifactorial (drugs and neurosurgery).ObjectivesTo study comorbidity between psychoses and epilepsy and management in the literature and in our patients.AimsTo analyze factors that might influence the onset of psychoses within an epileptic population and how this potential association could influence our practice.MethodsPubMed search was conducted with interest in psychoses of epilepsy, pharmacology, and comorbidity. Up to 10 variables related with factors influencing psychotic episodes that required hospital admission in three patients with epilepsy were studied.ResultsUnlike published data, our patients did not have postictal psychoses. All cases had early onset temporal lobe epilepsy with no seizure activity since diagnosis (more than 20 years). No family history of either epilepsy or psychoses. Management included lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, carbamazepine, zonisamide, and levetiracetam in conventional doses. The psychosis, which comprised affective, schizophrenic, and confusional elements, lasted longer and was more troublesome than psychosis in non-epileptic patients. Response to neuroleptics was poorer than in non-epileptic patients with psychoses. Consultation with Neurology Unit resulted in end of treatment with zonisamide and levetiracetam.ConclusionsLess than perfect evidence suggests the association between psychosis and epilepsy. In our patients, no postictal cases were recorded. Management showed poorer effect of neuroleptics when compared with non-epileptics, and zonisamide and levetiracetam were changed for other drugs with presumably lower association with psychoses.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Lloyd, Andrew, Gavin Dixon, Xu Feng Huang, Phillip Ward, Stan Catts, Ian Hickie, and Denis Wakefield. "Molecular Biology and the Major Psychoses." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 1 (February 1997): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709073794.

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Objective:To highlight the potential role of molecular biological studies in examining the expression of genes of interest in brain tissue to elucidate the pathophysiological basis of the major psychoses. Method:To review the principles underlying the available techniques for expression studies. Results:Detection of messenger RNA by in situ hybridisation and quantitation by Northern analysis are powerful tools to detect abnormalities in gene expression in brain tissue. Conclusion:The availability of simple techniques to examine the expression of RNA and protein products of individual genes, including examination at the level of individual cells, offers a clear opportunity to define the molecular basis of the major psychoses.
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Kanba, S., G. Yagi, T. Suzuki, and K. Kamijima. "ZONISAMIDE IN EXCITEMENT OF MAJOR PSYCHOSES." Clinical Neuropharmacology 15 (1992): 441B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002826-199202001-00857.

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Serretti, Alessandro, Roberta Lilli, Cristina Lorenzi, Enrico Lattuada, Cristina Cusin, and Enrico Smeraldi. "Tryptophan hydroxylase gene and major psychoses." Psychiatry Research 103, no. 1 (August 2001): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00269-4.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Major psychoses"

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Birkett, Joseph Thomas Patrick. "The molecular genetics of the major psychoses." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367730.

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Dixon, Tracy Anne. "The neuropsychology and functional anatomy of verbal fluency in the major psychoses." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322578.

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Lotter, C. B. "The qualitative affordances of active and receptive music therapy techniques in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia-spectrum psychotic disorders." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63046.

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Background and objectives: Whilst Active and Receptive Music Therapy techniques have been widely researched and are employed within a range of contexts and with diverse client populations, this study reports on their specific qualitative musical and verbal affordances in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia-spectrum psychotic disorders. The study also describes and compares the respective and joint contributions of the music therapy techniques in giving rise to the affordances as well as reporting on the similarities and differences within and between diagnostic groups. This is the first study of its kind within the South African context. Methods: A qualitative research approach using a case study design, sampled purposefully twenty patients of the above mentioned diagnostic groups for participation in this study comprising a course of eight twice weekly music therapy sessions. The primary data sources were transcribed video recordings of therapy sessions and an individual in-depth semi-structured interview after the course of therapy. Clinical session notes served as a corroborative data source. In-depth content and thematic analysis explored and compared qualitative affordances during music therapy comprising active and Receptive Music Therapy techniques. The qualitative affordances under investigation were i) musical qualities, and ii) verbal expressions. Emerging from these affordances were the respective and combined affordances of the music therapy techniques as well as the similarities and differences between the diagnostic groups. Findings: Thirteen themes emerged from the analysis of clients' verbatim verbal responses to both active music making and Receptive Music Therapy techniques. These themes are: i) not to feel; ii) to do or not to do; iii) grappling with the desired future; iv) hurt and fear of undesirable outcomes; v) sadness, brokenness and futility; vi) anger, trust and vulnerability; vii) desire for connection with and affection of others; viii) barricaded from being present, now; ix) tensing and un-tensing; x) personal relating to one’s musical expression; xi) reflections on the music and music making in therapy; xii) resilience and courage and xiii) invigoration and liberation. The Active Music Therapy techniques comprising clinical improvisation, structured musical exercises, drumming, vocal work, songwriting and movement, gave rise to ten themes expressing the musical affordances. The themes that emerged were i) reciprocal responding; ii) the explicit use of symbols through music; iii) regularity; iv) disturbance and difficulty; v) turning points; vi) energy bursting or lacking; vii) bodily synchrony; viii) intensified emotional expression; ix) exploring new territory and Active Music Therapy techniques comprising clinical improvisation, structured musical exercises, drumming, vocal work, songwriting and movement, gave rise to ten themes expressing the musical affordances. The themes that emerged were i) reciprocal responding; ii) the explicit use of symbols through music; iii) regularity; iv) disturbance and difficulty; v) turning points; vi) energy bursting or lacking; vii) bodily synchrony; viii) intensified emotional expression; ix) exploring new territory and x) resolution and arrival. The emerging themes express the extent of musical and verbal expression of all clients representing both diagnostic groups. Most saliently among clients with depression the affordances were the themes on accessing creativity, accessing and articulating internal feelings, experiencing resilient parts of self, reflecting on and integrating symbolic material, motivation to act and extending musical and verbal expression during social interaction. Among clients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorder, the most striking affordances were experiences of regularity and flow within disorganization, orientation to ‘here and now’ experiences through active music making and working with symbolic material expressed on a continuum of concrete to abstract. Clients from both diagnostic groups experienced a reduction in unwanted symptoms as expressed through increased energy levels, experiences of pleasure in music making and spontaneous musical and verbal self-expression. Conclusion: This study revealed qualitative affordances of specific music therapy techniques expressed through verbal content and musical qualities. These showed responses within a therapeutic relationship that express inter- and intra-personal connection, give voice to what is not always verbally accessible and facilitate multi-sensory, creative experiences, increased motivation, emotional expression, and the reclamation of energy, spontaneity and resilience.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Psychiatry
PhD
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Sá, Helena Pinho de. "Transtorno Depressivo Maior (TDM) com e sem sintomas psicóticos: investigação neuroquímica por espectroscopia de próton." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17148/tde-15122011-183318/.

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Introdução. O Transtorno Depressivo Maior (TDM) é um dos mais prevalentes e incapacitantes entre os transtornos mentais. Apesar disso, sua classificação ainda é baseada em sinais e sintomas, uma vez que suas causas e fisiopatologia ainda não foram totalmente esclarecidas. A presença de sintomas psicóticos é relativamente comum durante um episódio depressivo e está associada a particularidades clínicas e biológicas, mas é subdiagnosticada na prática clínica e os processos fisiopatológicos que caracterizam este tipo de depressão foram insuficientemente estudados, ainda mais ao se considerar a extensa literatura acerca das formas não psicóticas de depressão. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi o de investigar a neuroquímica do giro do cíngulo anterior (CA), região cerebral constituinte da neurocircuitaria relacionada à fisiopatologia do TDM, na forma psicótica deste transtorno. Para este objetivo, foram comparadas as concentrações absolutas dos metabólitos entre os grupos portadores de TDM com e sem sintomas psicóticos e controles saudáveis por meio de espectroscopia de próton por ressonância magnética de hidrogênio (1H-ERM). Secundariamente, analisou-se a interferência de variáveis sócio-demográficas e clínicas na medida desses metabólitos. Esperava-se que os pacientes com sintomas psicóticos (TDM-P) apresentassem alterações neuroquímicas tanto em relação ao grupo de controles saudáveis quanto a pacientes com depressão sem sintomas psicóticos (TDM-NP), independentemente da gravidade dos sintomas depressivos. Casuística e métodos. Os pacientes portadores de episódio depressivo maior (com e sem sintomas psicóticos), segundo o DSM-IV, foram recrutados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMRP) e avaliados através da Entrevista Clínica Estruturada para o DSM-IV (SCID). A gravidade de sintomas depressivos e psicóticos, bem como o nível de funcionamento global foram avaliados por meio das escalas de Hamilton, BPRS e GAF (respectivamente). Foram coletadas informações a respeito de histórico de tentativas de suicídio, tratamento medicamentoso, comorbidades psiquiátricas e clínicas. Controles saudáveis da comunidade geral foram recrutados por convite da equipe de pesquisa. Utilizou-se 1H-ERM de voxel único, com tempo de eco (TE) curto (31ms), em campo magnético de 3 Tesla para a avaliação do CA de 20 pacientes com TDM-P, 22 com TDM-NP e 20 voluntários saudáveis. Foram analisados valores absolutos do glutamato (Glu), glutamato mais glutamina (Gln+Glu), N-acetilaspartato mais N-acetilaspartato-glutamato (NAA + NAAG), Fosforilcolina mais Glicerol-fosforilcolina (PC + GPC), mio-inositol (Myo) e Creatina (Cr). Dados sócio-demográficos e clínicos foram analisados através de ANOVA e qui-quadrado, enquanto os níveis de metabólitos foram comparados através de MANOVA. Correlações bivariadas entre dados clínicos e metabólitos foram analisadas por teste de Pearson ou Spearman. O nível de significância estatística empregado foi o de p <0,05. Resultados. Pacientes com TDM-P apresentaram menor escolaridade e pior funcionamento global, tanto em relação aos controles quanto em relação aos pacientes sem psicose. Os grupos de pacientes não diferiram entre si em relação à gravidade dos sintomas depressivos. Em relação aos metabólitos, houve diferença significativamente estatística entre os grupos diagnósticos. O grupo com TDM-P apresentou níveis de Glu inferiores tanto em relação ao grupo TDM-NP quanto ao grupo controle e níveis de PC + GPC e de NAA + NAAG inferiores ao grupo controle (a redução deste último metabólito atingindo significância estatística em nível de tendência apenas. Entre os sexos, os níveis de Glu e de NAA+NAAG dos participantes do sexo masculino foram inferiores aos do feminino. Por fim, os níveis de Glu e Gln+Glu foram inferiores no sexo masculino do TDM-P em relação aos demais grupos e os de Cr foram inferiores no sexo masculino no TDM-NP também em relação aos outros grupos. No entanto, as diferenças em relação ao sexo não atingiram significância estatística, possivelmente por limitações do tamanho amostral. Conclusão.Os níveis de metabólitos do CA sofreram interferência do diagnóstico e os resultados apontaram para efeito do sexo e da interação diagnóstico-sexo. As diferenças dos níveis de Glu, NAA+NAAG e PC+GPC entre os diagnósticos sugerem alterações de neurotransmissão glutamatérgica, metabolismo de membrana e integridade neuronal na TDM-P e corroboram os achados de outras áreas de estudo em depressão em psicose, que sugerem que a forma psicótica da depressão estaria mais associada ao estado de hipercortisolemia, e esta, por sua vez, levaria às alterações cerebrais compatíveis com as alterações encontradas no CA neste estudo. Além disso, os resultados apontam para a interferência do sexo nos níveis de Glu e NAA+NAAG, sugerindo um papel protetor dos hormônios femininos para o sistema glutamatérgico e ciclo do NAA. Ainda, este estudo não confirma hipóteses prévias de que as alterações biológicas entre os tipos de depressão seriam secundárias a maior gravidade de sintomas depressivos nos pacientes com TDM-P.
Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and disabling of mental disorders. Nevertheless, its classification is still based on signs and symptoms, since its causes and pathophysyology has not been fully clarified. The presence of psychotic symptoms are relatively common during a depressive episode and is associated with clinical and biological peculiarities, but is underdiagnosed and its pathophysiology have been insufficiently studied, especially when considering the extensive literature on non-psychotic forms of depression. The aim of this study is to investigate the neurochemistry of the anterior cingulated gyrus (AC), a brain\'s neurocircuitry constituent related to the pathophysiology of MDD with psychosis/in the form of psychotic disorder. For this propose, we compared/ were compared the results of the metabolites between groups of patients with MDD with and without psychotic symptoms and controls by- proton resonance spectroscopy imaging of hydrogen (1rH-MRS). Secondly, the interference of socio-demographic and clinical on the cerebral metabolites. It was expected that patients with psychotic symptoms (MDD-P) present neurochemical changes in relation to the group of health controls and patients with depression without psychotic symptoms (MDD-Wo), regardless of the severity of depression symptons. Methods: The groups were diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). The severity of depressive and psychotic symptoms, as well as the level of overall functioning were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale, BPRS and GAF (respectively). We collected information about the history of suicide attempts, drug treatment, psychiatric and medical comorbidities.1\'H-MRS single voxel, with echo time (TE) short (3lms) in a magnetic field of 3.0 Tesla was used for the evaluation of CA in 20 patients with MDD-P, 22 with MDD-Wo and 20 healthy subjects. We analyzed the absolutevalues of glutamate (Glu), glutamate plus glutamine (Gln+Glu), N-acetylaspartate plus N-acetyl aspartate-glutamate (NAA+NAAG), glycerol phosphorylcholine plus phosphorylcholine plus choline (PC+GPC), myo-inositol (Myo) and creatine (Cr). Data on socio-demographic and clinical information were analyzed using ANOVA and chi-square, while the levels of metabolites were compared by MANOVA. The statistical significance level used was p <0.05. Results: Patients with MDD-P had less schooling and poorer overall functioning, both in relation to the controls as compared to patients without psychosis. Patient groups did not differ in the severity of depressive symptoms. Glu levels of MDD-P were lower than the MDD-Wo and the control group; NAA+NAAG levels of MDD-P were lower than in control and GPC+PC levels of MDDP were lower than the MDD-Wo. Between the sexes, Glu and NAA + NAAG levels of males were lower than females. Finally, Glu, Glu+Gln and Cr levels were different between the sexes within the groups. Conclusion:The group levels of metabolites of CA have been interfered with diagnosis and the effect of gender and gender-diagnosis interaction were close to be meaningful. The differences in the levels of Glu, NAA + NAAG and GPC + PC between diagnoses are possibly related to higher hypercortisolemia found in the MDD-P and the brain concentration of kynurenine metabolites imballance more similar with schizophrenia than MDD. The interference of sex for the levels of Glu and NAA + NAAG suggests a protective role of female hormones to glutamatergic system and cycle of the NAA. Still, probably the severity of the depressive episodes not implicated in the neurochemical differences between MDD-P and MDD-Wo
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Melton, Ryan P. "Family aided community treatment as an intervention for the treatment of early psychosis : a proof of concept study." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29049.

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Major psychotic disorders are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, having severe impacts on the people who suffer from the conditions, their families and society. There is evidence that if these conditions are identified and treated early, the prognosis is improved. The purpose of this dissertation study is to produce two manuscripts related to the use of family aided community treatment (FACT) with individuals who are experiencing early psychotic disorders. Using a proof of concept design with multiple repeated-measure t tests, this study focused on first-episode psychotic disorder participants (n = 8), with an average age of 19.6 (sd = 3.28) and males comprising 75% of the sample engaged in a family aided community treatment (FACT) protocol in order to examine if psychiatric symptoms scale scores decreased post-intervention. The hypothesis which stated that a year-long family aided community treatment (FACT) intervention would reduce psychiatric symptoms when assessed by the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS), the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), and the Global Functioning Scales in a first episode psychotic disorder sample, is supported. The FACT intervention decreased psychiatric symptom scores in this population. Implications of this study include improved training on early recognition for mental health clinicians and students, implementation of a specific treatment model in community settings, and policy around treatment funding allocation.
Graduation date: 2012
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Yazdanpanah, Simin. "Search for DNA methylation differences in major psychosis." 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=788841&T=F.

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Meei, Lee Feng, and 李鳳美. "The Effects of Psychosocial Stress and Social Support on Burden among Caregivers of Major Psychosis Adolescents." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42406357745726302620.

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碩士
國立台北護理學院
護理研究所
95
ABSTRACT This study was grounded on theories of stress and social support to explore the relationship between psychosocial stress, social support and the burden among caregivers of psychosis adolescents. The main purpose of this study is to define the significant predictors for caregiver burden and to find out the effect of social support network to the removal of caregiver burden. As a cross-sectional study, data was collected from convenience sampling by 59 face-to-face interviews and questionnaires including, the Demographic Questionnaire, the Caregiving Stress Questionnnaire, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS), and the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI). The collected data were analyzed by test of independence, analysis of variance, pearson and Spearman correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings showed that most of the caregivers were females (66.1%), 93.2% of them were adolescents’ parents, and their average age was 47.3+ 7.5 years, 59% of caregivers were graduated from high schools, 84.7% of them remained married. They supported their family, and took care of their psychosis adolescents at their homes. Eighty-one percents of caregivers believed they were in good health conditions. Eighty-six percents of them had moderate psychosocial stress but they felt they could manage to maintain the network of social support system. Data revealed that caregivers received caregiving stress up to 10.73 (SD= 3.44, Range: 5~20). They spent at least 3.71 years (SD = 2.10) to take care of psychosis adolescents. And the psychosis adolescents were sent to hospital at least 1.22 times during the periods of illness. After analyzing the relationship between variables, the findings showed that it was no significantly different between the caregiver of demography among perceived health conditions, caregiving stress, psychosocial stress, social support network and burden. There was positive correlation among caregiving stress and caregiver burden, and were negative correlation among psychosocial stress, caregiver burden and social support network. There was no correlation between psychosocial stress and caregiver burden. Satisfaction of caregiving stress and social support network were the predictor of burden in caregivers of psychosis adolescents, especially the caregiving stress (βS= .50, t= 4.56, p < .001). These predictors explained 32.5% (F(3,55)=10.30，p<.001) variance of caregiver burden. The findings indicated that caregiving stress has direct positive effect on caregiver burden, and social support network has direct negative effect on caregiver burden. However, social support network has no moderating effect between caregiving stress and caregiver burden.
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Lee, Su-Yu, and 李素玉. "The effects of health related help-seeking behaviors on caregivers’ burden and psychological health among primary caregiver of adolescents with major psychosis." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72075391224264254077.

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Books on the topic "Major psychoses"

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Beckmann, Helmut, and Peter Riederer, eds. Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69743-2.

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Dr, Beckmann H., Riederer P, and Ackenheil M, eds. Pathochemical markers in major psychoses. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

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Lectures in psychiatry: The functional psychoses : the schizophrenias and major affective disorders. St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A: W.H. Green, 1985.

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1945-, Kane John M., and Collegium Internationale Neuro-psychopharmacologicum Congress, eds. Risperidone: Major progress in antipsychotic treatment : satellite symposium at the 17th Congress of Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum. Oxford: Oxford Clinical Communications, 1991.

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Freud, Sigmund. The major works of Sigmund Freud. 2nd ed. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1990.

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D, Burrows Graham, Norman Trevor R. 1946-, and Davies Brian 1928-, eds. Antipsychotics. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1985.

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Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses. Springer, 2011.

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Riederer, P., H. Beckmann, and M. Ackenheil. Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses. Springer, 2011.

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Priest, Robert G., and J. Steinert. Insanity: A Study of Major Psychiatric Disorders. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Major psychoses"

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Rafaelsen, Ole J. "Peptides in Major Psychoses." In Biological Psychiatry, Higher Nervous Activity, 57–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8329-1_8.

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Jellinger, K. "Neuromorphological Background of Pathochemical Studies in Major Psychoses." In Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses, 1–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69743-2_1.

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Van Kammen, D. P., Lee S. Mann, Mika Scheinin, Philip T. Ninan, Welmoet B. Van Kammen, and Markku Linnoila. "Decreased Spinal Fluid Monoamine Metabolites and Norepinephrine in Schizophrenic Patients with Brain Atrophy." In Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses, 88–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69743-2_10.

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Demisch, L., F. Reinhuber, and H. J. Bochnik. "The Use of Platelet Monoamine Oxidase in Multifactorial Research on Endogenous Psychoses." In Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses, 96–109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69743-2_11.

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Mueller, E. A., L. J. Siever, and D. L. Murphy. "Neuroendocrine Responses to Serotonin Agonists as Possible Markers of the Functional State of Serotonergic Neurotransmission in Psychiatric Disorders." In Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses, 110–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69743-2_12.

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Jimerson, D. C., and W. Berrettini. "Cerebrospinal Fluid Amine Metabolite Studies in Depression: Research Update." In Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses, 129–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69743-2_13.

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Gattaz, Wagner F., T. Gasser, and H. Beckmann. "CSF Studies in Schizophrenia: A Multidimensional Approach." In Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses, 144–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69743-2_14.

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Gabriel, E. "The Significance of Psychopathological Classification in Interpreting Biochemical Findings." In Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses, 24–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69743-2_2.

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Reynolds, G. P. "Receptors, Neuroleptics and Dopamine Concentrations in Schizophrenia — Postmortem Studies of Human Brain Tissue." In Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses, 29–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69743-2_3.

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Riederer, P., and G. P. Reynolds. "Brain Biochemistry in Schizophrenia: An Assessment." In Pathochemical Markers in Major Psychoses, 35–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69743-2_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Major psychoses"

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"O-036 - CLINICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT SUBSTANCE-INDUCED PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS WHO HAVE A LIFETIME MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER AND A SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER." In 24 CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA DUAL. SEPD, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/abstractbooksepd2022.o036.

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INTRODUCTION Patients with lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) and substance use disorder (SUD) have a more severe clinical presentation compared to MDD patients without SUD (1). Substance-induced psychotic symptoms (SIPS) are clinically relevant as may be related to worse prognosis and mortality (2); however, little is known about SIPS in patients with lifetime MDD. OBJECTIVE this research pretends to describe clinical characteristics in MDD patients with SIPS. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed by evaluating sociodemographic and clinical features in adult patients with SUD and MDD in an outpatient center for addiction in Barcelona. SIPS were evaluated by clinical interview. Univariate and bivariate analysis were executed comparing patients with and without SIPS. RESULTS In total, 691 patients with MDD and SUD were evaluated. From this sample, 290 patients had a lifetime SIPS while the others (n=401) did not have any lifetime SIPS. For all the comparison see Table 1. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SUD and MDD who have had SIPS throughout life present a different profile from those who have not presented SIPS, having a more severe clinical presentation. Further investigations on this issue have to be performed, especially longitudinal studies. REFERENCES 1. Torrens M, Tirado-Muñoz J, Fonseca F, Farré M, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Arrojo M, Bernardo M, Arranz B, Garriga M, Saiz PA, Florez G, Goikolea JM, Zorrilla I, Cunill R, Castells X, Becoña E, Lopez A, San L. Clinical practice guideline on pharmacological and psychological management of adult patients with depression and a comorbid substance use disorder. Adicciones. 2021; In Press:1559.. doi: 10.20882/adicciones.1559. 2. Fiorentini A, Cantù F, Crisanti C, Cereda G, Oldani L, Brambilla P. Substance-Induced Psychoses: An Updated Literature Review. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:694863. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.694863.
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"PS-048 - ABORDAJE DEL CONSUMO DE CANNABIS Y ESQUIZOFRENIA: A PROPÓSITO DE UN CASO." In 24 CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA DUAL. SEPD, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/abstractbooksepd2022.ps048.

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La patología dual se define como la concurrencia en un mismo individuo de un trastorno psiquiátrico y un trastorno por abuso de sustancias; siendo la patología mental predominante la esquizofrenia y las sustancias más consumidas son la nicotina, el alcohol, el cannabis, la cocaína (y otros estimulantes) y opiáceos; sin embargo, lo más común es el policonsumo. En concreto el consumo de cannabis iniciado durante la adolescencia temprana se asocia a un mayor riesgo para la aparición de cuadros psicóticos en adultos entre los que se encuentra la esquizofrenia, de manera dosis dependiente. A su vez, el consumo de cannabis a corto plazo se ha asociado a su vez con la aparición de síntomas de rango psicótico, como son las alteraciones de la percepción. Nuestro objetivo es actualizar y reforzar nuestros conocimientos acerca del abordaje en Patología Dual; para lo que realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, utilizando como palabras clave: “Psychosis” “Drugs Abuse” y presentamos el caso clínico de un varón de 32 años con diagnóstico de Esquizofrenia Paranoide y Consumo Perjudicial de Cannabis de inicio en la adolescencia. Actualmente sin adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico, acude al Servicio de Urgencias por intensa angustia. A la exploración psicopatológica destaca ideación delirante de perjuicio en primer plano con gran resonancia afectiva. Manifiesta conciencia parcial de enfermedad, aceptando la realización de un ingreso y reintroducción de tratamiento para estabilización. La presencia de patología dual empeora gravemente el pronóstico del paciente psiquiátrico, de ahí que sea fundamental poder contar con abordajes farmacológicos que consigan una reducción de la angustia y tensión psíquica propias de la crisis, de una manera más rápida y eficaz, así como mayor adherencia.
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"EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SAMPLE OF PATIENTS WITH SUBSTANCE USE FROM THE PSYCHIATRIC CARE UNIT OF THE SOCIAL AFFAIRS SERVICE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SALAMANCA." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021p019v.

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Introduction: University life presents changes and challenges that may affect the mental health of its community and be the onset of substance use. Aim: To study epidemiological characteristics in our sample to help to improve prevention and treatment for mental health problems related to substance use. Materials and Methods: The descriptive study is based on a sample of 49 people, 37 women and 12 men, members of the university community. A database was designed with clinical information about psychiatric patients obtained from the interview and entry sheets during the first visit. Results: 53,1% of the sample confirmed substance use. The mean age of patients was 22,35 years and 69,2% of them were women and 30,8% were men. Alcohol was the main used substance (80,8%), followed by tobacco (57,7%) and cannabis (30,8%). Most patients were from other provinces of Spain different from Salamanca (57,7%). Law and Social Sciences (38,5%) and Health Sciences (26,9%) were the most frequent academic fields. The main contact method was self-consultation (76,9%) and in most cases (46,2%) the reason of the consultation was not specific. After the interview, the main diagnosis impressions were major depressive disorder (19,2%), anxiety disorder (15,3%) and prodromal symptoms of psychosis (15,4%). Most of the patients were treated with a combination of medication and psychotherapy (42,3%). Conclusion: We should consider the possible impact of substance use in our patient’s mental health and take account of it when choosing their treatment. We should continue studying epidemiological characteristics to help to improve prevention measures and treatments in the future.
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"PV-045 - CONSUMO DE CANNABIS Y DESARROLLO DE PSICOSIS: A PROPÓSITO DE UN CASO CLÍNICO." In 24 CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA DUAL. SEPD, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/abstractbooksepd2022.pv045.

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1. OBJETIVOS Exponer un caso clínico sobre el uso de cannabis como precipitante de sintomatología psicótica y como modificador del pronóstico, y revisar la literatura científica actualizada sobre dicha relación. 2. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Se revisa el caso clínico de un paciente de 26 años con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, antecedentes de consumo de cannabis en el pasado y dos ingresos previos en unidades de Hospitalización Breve tras presentar dos episodios psicóticos en contexto de consumo, que ingresa en el Hospital de Día de Salamanca derivado desde su ESM por empeoramiento clínico, dudosa adherencia farmacológica y nula conciencia de enfermedad. A propósito de este caso, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica en la base de datos PubMed de metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas publicados en los últimos 5 años, utilizando las palabras clave “cannabis”, “psychosis” y “schizophrenia”. 3. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES El consumo habitual de cannabis, especialmente si es a diario, y el consumo de cannabis de alta potencia se asocian con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar psicosis. En concreto, el componente tetrahidrocannabinol del cannabis podría ser el principal responsable de precipitar esta sintomatología en población de riesgo, así como de exacerbar los síntomas y suponer un peor pronóstico en pacientes ya diagnosticados de psicosis. El consumo se ha asociado con un inicio más temprano de presentación de la sintomatología psicótica con respecto a la población general. Estos datos indican que la modificación de patrones de consumo podría ser una estrategia efectiva para reducir el riesgo de desarrollar psicosis en la población. Se necesitan más estudios e investigación para obtener datos concluyentes sobre la relación entre cannabis y psicosis. La investigación futura debe apuntar a desarrollar biomarcadores específicos y perfiles genéticos, contribuyendo así a la identificación de individuos con mayor riesgo de desarrollar psicosis sobre los que poder actuar con medidas preventivas.
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Gonçalves, Maria João, Rita André, Joana Romão, Rodrigo Saraiva, Gabriela Andrade, Elsa Fernandes, Manuela Abreu, and Fátima Ismail. "PRIMER EPISODIO PSICÓTICO Y EL CONSUMO DE CANNABIS: ¿CUÁL ES EL IMPACTO EN LA COGNICIÓN?" In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021o020.

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1.Objetivos: La prevalencia del trastorno por uso de cannabis (TUC) es <10% en la población general, llegando a 27,1% en la esquizofrenia. El 64% de personas con primer episodio psicótico (PEP) consumen cannabis, el 30% de los cuales presentan TUC. Los pacientes con diagnosis de PEP tienen mayor probabilidad de presentar consumo de cannabis de alta potencia (THC > 10%). Los déficits cognitivos en pacientes con esquizofrenia (con o sin consumo de cannabis) son determinantes para su funcionamiento, y parecen estar presentes desde el PEP. Revisar el conocimiento actual acerca de la asociación entre TUC y los déficits cognitivos en personas con PEP. 2.Material y métodos: Selección de artículos científicos publicados en los últimos 6 años; recerca en bases de datos utilizando la combinación de términos MeSH: “cannabis use”, “first-episode psychosis”y “cognitive impairment”. 3.Resultados y conclusiones: Los estudios desarrollados se han centrado en la relación entre el consumo de cannabis y cognición en PEP, con la evaluación de funciones neurocognitivas a registrar mayor afección en la atención, memoria verbal y funciones executivas. Sin embargo, algunos resultados han sido contradictorios debido a fatores como: heterogeneidad de cuadros clínicos (hay estudios con un enfoque en psicosis en general, incluyendo psicosis afectivas, mientras que otros se centran específicamente en esquizofrenia o PEP); El cannabis presenta tetrahidrocanabinol (THC) y canabidiol (CBD) que pueden tener efetos opuestos en la cognición. El THC tiene un efeto prejudicial y hay evidencia de que el CBD puede mejorar la cognición. Son necesarios nuevos estudios para evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de cannabis y disfunción cognitiva. Sin embargo, las muestras deben tener un tamaño significativo, uniformidad diagnostica y deben ser controlados los fatores confundentes en las variables evaluadas. Así, deben ser estudiadas las características diferenciales entre cuadros clínicos aisladamente para que los resultados pueden ser verificados y replicados.
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"EL BOOM DE LA AYAHUASCA. A PROPÓSITO DE UN CASO. A PROPÓSITO DE UN CASO." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021p149v.

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La ayahuasca1 es una decocción tradicional amazónica con propiedades psicoactivas, se elabora a partir de la corteza de la vid Banisteriopsis caapi (que contiene alcaloides betacarbolina) y las hojas del arbusto Psychotria viridis (que suministra el alucinógeno N, N-dimetiltriptamina, DMT, que actúa como agonista serotoninérgico 5-HT2A). La ayahuasca se ha incorporado a la medicina popular y la curación espiritual, y varias iglesias brasileñas la usan de forma rutinaria para fomentar una experiencia espiritual. •Objetivos: Revisar la psicopatología y efectos adversos asociados al consumo de esta sustancia con cada vez mayor impacto en la sociedad occidental. •Material y métodos: Exponer el caso clínico real de una paciente que acude al servicio de urgencias con clínica psicótica activa y despistaje de tóxicos en orina negativo. Para apoyar el caso, realizamos una búsqueda en Medline usando el término “ayahuasca” AND “psychosis” y seleccionando los artículos más relevantes. •Resultados y conclusiones: Se trata de una mujer de 32 años, sin antecedentes somáticos ni psiquiátricos relavantes, salvo antecedentes familiares de 1º grado de esquizofrenia paranoide. Acude a urgencias con cuadro compatible con síndrome serotoninérgico (vómitos, diarrea, midriasis, ataxia, sudoración y temblor) a pesar de la insistencia de la paciente en la negativa de la toma de ninguna sustancia. Tras pasar 12 horas en Observación, y previa estabilización hemodinámica y tóxicos negativos en orina, es valorada por Psiquiatría. En la entrevista destaca ideación delirante místico-religiosa donde se atribuía poderes mágicos, así como alucinaciones visuales. Es a través de un familiar como se consigue dilucidar la situación y aclarar que la paciente la lleva tomando desde una estancia en Brasil. Hay series de casos (2)publicados sobre episodios psicóticos de tinte alucinatorio inducidos por ayahuasca predominando en sujetos con familiares afectos de algún trastorno psicótico aunque también se han descrito en casos de no afectos.
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