Journal articles on the topic 'Major Hazard Facilities'
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1
Belokon, S. A., V. V. Vasil’ev, Yu N. Zolotukhin, A. S. Maltsev, M. A. Sobolev, M. N. Filippov, and A. P. Yan. "Automated supervisory control systems for major hazard facilities." Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing 47, no. 3 (June 2011): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s8756699011030095.
2
Filippin, Katherine (Kate), and Lachlan Dreher. "Major hazard risk assessment for existing and new facilities." Process Safety Progress 23, no. 4 (2004): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.10045.
3
Vandenberg, Erik. "Improving process safety for the operation of Major Hazard Facilities." APPEA Journal 63, no. 2 (May 11, 2023): S332—S336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj22041.
Abstract:
The discipline of process safety management has proven to be a valuable tool for assisting operators of Major Hazard Facilities (MHF) in focussing on the critically important ‘few’, with a heightened level of scrutiny than that of the ‘many’ lesser critical yet still important elements of a process system. This discipline attracts much oversight, discussion, and enthusiasm from many areas within and outside asset operations teams. Major Accident Hazards may vary in severity and probability throughout the life cycle of existing assets, it is, therefore, important to review these periodically. Clear purpose and definition of Safety Critical Elements (SCE), and in some cases Integrity Critical Elements (ICE), along with intelligent rationalisation of these to reflect the items of legitimate criticality, will allow higher precision and clarity, leading to higher confidence and an improved ability to manage genuine process safety risk. Further improvements can be made through real-time and near-time reporting through risk visualisation bowtie diagrams to ensure hazards can be managed to As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) and their status made visible to enable the most effective prioritisation of work which prioritises restoration of the most compromised threat and consequence barriers first.
4
Pearce, Andrew, David G. E. Caldicott, Nicholas A. Edwards, and Tony Eliseo. "Medical Awareness and Response to Incidents at Major Hazard Facilities." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 17, S2 (December 2002): S83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00011122.
5
Kwag, Shinyoung, Jeong Gon Ha, Min Kyu Kim, and Jung Han Kim. "Development of Efficient External Multi-Hazard Risk Quantification Methodology for Nuclear Facilities." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2019): 3925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203925.
Abstract:
Probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) of nuclear facilities on external multi-hazards has become a major issue after the Fukushima accident in 2011. However, the existing external hazard PSA methodology is for single hazard events and cannot cover the impact of multi-hazards. Therefore, this study proposes a methodology for quantifying multi-hazard risks for nuclear energy plants. Specifically, we developed an efficient multi-hazard PSA methodology based on the probability distribution-based Boolean algebraic approach and sampling-based method, which are currently single-hazard PSA methodologies. The limitations of the probability distribution-based Boolean algebraic approach not being able to handle partial dependencies between the components are solved through this sampling-based method. In addition, we devised an algorithm that was more efficient than the existing algorithm for improving the limits of the current sampling-based method, as it required a significant computational time. The proposed methodology was applied from simple examples to single- and multi-hazard PSA examples of actual nuclear power plants. The results showed that the proposed methodology was verified in terms of accuracy and efficiency perspectives. Regarding the sampling-based method, it was confirmed that the proposed algorithm yielded fragility and risk results that have similar degrees of accuracy, even though it extracted a smaller number of samples than the existing algorithm.
6
Johari, K. A., and A. Ramli. "Major Accident Hazard in Bioprocess Facilities: A Challenge To Sustainable Industrial Development." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 736 (March 5, 2020): 022005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/736/2/022005.
7
Choi, Eujeong, Shinyoung Kwag, Jeong-Gon Ha, and Daegi Hahm. "Development of a Two-Stage DQFM to Improve Efficiency of Single- and Multi-Hazard Risk Quantification for Nuclear Facilities." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041017.
Abstract:
The probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) of a nuclear power plant (NPP) under single and multiple hazards is one of the most important tasks for disaster risk management of nuclear facilities. To date, various approaches—including the direct quantification of the fault tree using the Monte Carlo simulation (DQFM) method—have been employed to quantify single- and multi-hazard risks to nuclear facilities. The major advantage of the DQFM method is its applicability to a partially correlated system. Other methods can represent only an independent or a fully correlated system, but DQFM can quantify the risk of partially correlated system components by the sampling process. However, as a sampling-based approach, DQFM involves computational costs which increase as the size of the system and the number of hazards increase. Therefore, to improve the computational efficiency of the conventional DQFM, a two-stage DQFM method is proposed in this paper. By assigning enough samples to each hazard point according to its contribution to the final risk, the proposed two-stage DQFM can effectively reduce computational costs for both single- and multi-hazard risk quantification. Using examples of single- and multi-hazard threats to nuclear facilities, the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage DQFM is successfully demonstrated. Especially, two-stage DQFM saves computation time of conventional DQFM up to 72% for multi-hazard example.
8
Simpson, Melinda, and Neil Tooley. "Setting up for success for mobilisation to major hazard facilities—a contractor's perspective." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14057.
Abstract:
The challenges for a contractor to mobilise to a major hazard facility come from differences in expectations between stakeholders, gaps and inconsistencies between health, safety and environment (HSE) management systems, and the logistical challenges of initial training and competency verification. Differences in expectations can arise between the corporate office and site or also between various functional silos. HSE management system challenges manifest in the detailed procedures when the safety case is in operation. Training and competency assessment is an ongoing requirement, but the initial demand at first mobilisation creates a one-off logistical burden. The steps to lessen the impact of these challenges and to enable a successful outcome include: alignment workshops with customers and other stakeholders to create a shared safety culture and expectations of management systems; joint HSE management system gap analysis and risk workshops; early interface meetings with stakeholders; and, requirements having a comprehensive definition and pre-planning to deliver best practice. A successful mobilisation is characterised by the alignment of systems, improvements made during the alignment process by delivering best practice, meeting all HSE obligations for employees (including seconded personnel and sub-contractors), bridging the gap with sub-contractor management when implementing the safety case, and having all personnel trained before mobilisation. This extended abstract draws on lessons from recent real-world experience and offers a framework to overcome challenges a contractor can encounter, and sets up successful mobilisation for a major hazard facility.
9
Kim, Beom-Jin, Minkyu Kim, Daegi Hahm, Junhee Park, and Kun-Yeun Han. "Probabilistic Flood Assessment Methodology for Nuclear Power Plants Considering Extreme Rainfall." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 2600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092600.
Abstract:
Abnormal weather conditions due to climate change are currently increasing on both global and local scales. It is therefore important to ensure the safety of the areas where major national facilities are located by analyzing risk quantitatively and re-evaluating the existing major facilities, such as nuclear power plants, considering the load and capacity of extreme flood conditions. In this study, a risk analysis method is developed that combines flood hazard curves with fragility curves using hydraulic and hydrological models by GIS tools and the @RISK model for the probabilistic flood analysis of nuclear power plant sites. A two-dimensional (2D) analysis is first carried out to estimate flood depths in various watershed scenarios, and a representative hazard curve for both external and internal flooding is made by applying a verified probability distribution type for the flood watersheds. For the analysis of flooding within buildings, an internal grid is constructed using GIS with related design drawings, and based on the flood depth results of the 2D analysis, a hazard curve for the representative internal inundation using a verified probability distribution type is presented. In the present study, walkdowns with nuclear experts are conducted around the nuclear power plant area to evaluate the fragile structures and facilities under possible flooding. After reviewing the 2D inundation analysis results based on the selected major equipment and facilities, the zones requiring risk assessment are re-assigned. A fragility curve applying probability distribution for the site’s major equipment and facilities is also presented. Failure risk analysis of the major facilities is then conducted by combining the proposed hazard and fragility curves. Results in the form of quantitative values are obtained, and the indicators for risks as well as the reliability and optimal measures to support decision-making are also presented. Through this study, it is confirmed that risk assessment based on the proposed probabilistic flood analysis technique is possible for flood events occurring at nuclear power plant sites.
10
Ndejjo, Rawlance, Geofrey Musinguzi, Xiaozhong Yu, Esther Buregyeya, David Musoke, Jia-Sheng Wang, Abdullah Ali Halage, et al. "Occupational Health Hazards among Healthcare Workers in Kampala, Uganda." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/913741.
Abstract:
Objective.To assess the occupational health hazards faced by healthcare workers and the mitigation measures.Methods.We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing quantitative data collection methods among 200 respondents who worked in 8 major health facilities in Kampala.Results.Overall, 50.0% of respondents reported experiencing an occupational health hazard. Among these, 39.5% experienced biological hazards while 31.5% experienced nonbiological hazards. Predictors for experiencing hazards included not wearing the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE), working overtime, job related pressures, and working in multiple health facilities. Control measures to mitigate hazards were availing separate areas and containers to store medical waste and provision of safety tools and equipment.Conclusion.Healthcare workers in this setting experience several hazards in their workplaces. Associated factors include not wearing all necessary protective equipment, working overtime, experiencing work related pressures, and working in multiple facilities. Interventions should be instituted to mitigate the hazards. Specifically PPE supply gaps, job related pressures, and complacence in adhering to mitigation measures should be addressed.
11
Ahmad, Nadiah, Radin Zaid Radin Umar, and RASYIMAWATI M. A. T. RASHID. "Major Hazard Industries Disaster Preparedness: An Empirical Study of Liquified Petroleum Gas Storage Facilities." International Journal of Critical Infrastructures 19, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcis.2023.10038939.
12
Rashid, Rasyimawati Mat, Radin Zaid Radin Umar, and Nadiah Ahmad. "Major hazard industries disaster preparedness: an empirical study of liquefied petroleum gas storage facilities." International Journal of Critical Infrastructures 19, no. 1 (2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcis.2023.129069.
13
Lindell, Michael K., and Ronald W. Perry. "Earthquake Impacts and Hazard Adjustment by Acutely Hazardous Materials Facilities following the Northridge Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 14, no. 2 (May 1998): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586000.
Abstract:
Hazardous materials pose a problem of great significance for earthquake hazard reduction because severe earthquakes can simultaneously fail independent systems for on-site release mitigation and off-site emergency response. Unfortunately, the potential for major earthquake-initiated hazmat releases (EIHRs) has received little attention from earthquake researchers and planners. This study assessed the extent of on-site and off-site damage to fixed-site hazmat facilities and the hazard adjustments (i.e., hazard assessment, hazard mitigation, and emergency preparedness actions) that these facilities implemented before and after the Northridge earthquake. Data on the occurrence of chemical containment and infrastructure systems impacts confirms that hazmat facility infrastructure is vulnerable to seismic impacts. Hazard adjustments were undertaken after the earthquake, but were unrelated to the level of earthquake impact. These results suggest that comprehensive EIHR loss estimation studies should be conducted for seismic zones throughout the country, especially for clusters of hazmat facilities subject to the threat of damaging earthquakes.
14
Mat Rashid, Rasyimawati, and Radin Zaid Radin Umar. "Control of industrial major accident hazard regulation in Malaysia: second decade in examination." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i1.22002.
Abstract:
The Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards (CIMAH) regulations was introduced in 1996 to regulate workplaces with hazardous chemicals in their facilities. The Regulations provide a minimum standard to ensure precautionary measures related to major hazard risks are taken. Although the Regulations have been enforced for more than two decades in Malaysia, there have been limited efforts to review related information, trends and data since its inception. The study aimed to provide an overview of the position of CIMAH regulations after two decades of being enacted in Malaysia. Data were extracted from the published and unpublished reports and documentations by Department of Occupational Safety and Health of Malaysia (DOSH), as well as available publications from literary journals. Analysis of the contents revealed three categories of data: i) CIMAH regulations’ administrative governance changes; ii) major hazard industries–categorization and registration trends; and iii) CIMAH regulations’ punitive activities. The findings provide an overview of relevant trends and data related to CIMAH regulations in the past two decades, and may provide stakeholders such as policymakers, practitioners, and researchers a groundwork for improvement initiatives.
15
Thomas, Ian F. "The varying nature of planning decisions for developments near to major hazard facilities in Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Forensic Engineering 2, no. 4 (2015): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijfe.2015.075287.
16
Grazhdankin, A. I., A. S. Pecherkin, and V. I. Sidorov. "On the Possibility of Uniform and Counterproductive Identical Criteria for Assessing the Risk of an Industrial Accident." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 10 (October 2023): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-10-36-44.
Abstract:
The risk-oriented approach in ensuring industrial safety is intended to orient industrialists, supervisory authorities and the expert community in the existing emergency hazards and threats of today industrial Russia. In recent decades, there is a dangerous trend of opportunistic introduction of universal criteria for safe operation. In fact, instead of a risk-oriented approach, a risk-prescriptive approach is proposed. Any risk assessment methodology is only a means for measuring hazard, and is not at all a guarantor or a witness of compliance with safety. In order to eliminate measurement errors as much as possible, it is required to evaluate not the absolute level of accident hazard, but the relative one. The tools for measuring hazard (accident risk assessment at a hazardous production facility) cannot give a reliable, comprehensive conclusion about the safety of a hazardous production facility. Safety is not a mechanistic absence of hazard, but a systemic property of the technical-social system «source of hazard — those at risk» to function in conditions of changing hazards and threats that arise from them. Hazards are objective, and safety is a cultivated systemic property of hazardous industries to prevent the transformation of hazards into threats. In a risk-oriented approach to industrial safety, it is required to distinguish between information social engineering technology risk management (impact on ideas about hazards and threats) and organizational and technical management of a directly hazardous production facility, controlled by hazard analysis with a reliable assessment of the risk of an accident. The main criterion for ensuring the safe operation of a hazardous production facility should be considered a set of limit values of safe operation parameters and conditions for non-occurrence of emergency threats of major industrial accidents in the performance of existing industrial safety requirements. Criteria for acceptable accident risk must be established in accordance with the industry level of emergency threats. Due to the significant variety of possible causes of accidents, scenarios for their occurrence and development, a wide range of possible consequences of industrial accidents, it is not possible to establish absolutely identical, so-called «unified» criteria for acceptable accident risk for different hazardous production facilities: acceptable accident risk as a measure of acceptable hazard, cannot be accepted as a single criterion for ensuring industrial safety of a hazardous production facility. Unified criteria for assessing the risks of accidents at industrial facilities are not single and individual microscopic probabilities that are not the same for all different industries. Unified criteria are a unified set of methods for developing, establishing, testing and adopting criteria for assessing hazards using risk as a special measure of hazard.
17
Mathers, A. J., and S. Savva. "EFFECTIVE SAFETY CASE DEVELOPMENT." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02050.
Abstract:
Esso Australia Pty Ltd, in Victoria, Australia has recently been involved in the preparation of over 20 safety cases to meet both offshore (Victoria and Western Australia) [Petroleum {Submerged Lands} Act] and onshore [Victorian Occupational Health and Safety Act] regulatory requirements.This paper focusses on the development of the onshore safety cases for both Longford and Long Island Point plants to meet the Victorian Occupational Health and Safety (Major Hazard Facilities) Regulations 2000. Both plants have been granted a five-year unconditional licence to operate.The objectives of the safety case development were to ensure that Esso:addressed major hazard facilities regulatory requirements; maximised benefit from the process, and to maximise benefit from existing work; was consistent with site approach to risk assessment/ safety culture; involved appropriate workforce from all areas— operations, maintenance and technical support; enhanced the effective knowledge and understanding of the workforce; and developed a communication tool to enable ease of understanding by site personnel.Esso’s approach of using qualitative risk assessment techniques (familiar to many site personnel) enabled the process to use tools that provided ease of involvement for the non-technical or safety specialists. This paper will explain this approach in greater detail, demonstrating how this successfully met the stringent requirements of the regulations whilst providing Hazard Register documentation readily understood by the key customer— our site workforce.The hazard register clearly identifies the relevant hazards and their controls, as well as highlighting the linkages to the safety management system and documented performance standards. A comprehensive training program provides all personnel working at site with an overview of the safety case, and the necessary skills and knowledge to be able to use the safety case and hazard register to its maximum advantage. The safety case resource booklet (similar to our offshore approach) is an integral part of the training program, and provides an ongoing reference source for trainees. It continues to receive recognition by both regulators and industry.
18
Im, Jong Kwon, Young Seuk Kim, Yong Chul Cho, Taegu Kang, and Sang Hun Kim. "Water Quality, Source Identification, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Using Multivariate Analysis in the Han River Watershed, South Korea." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 3111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123111.
Abstract:
This study aimed to investigate the irrigation water quality, major pollution sources, and human health hazards by focusing on heavy metal concentrations in the surface water of the Han River watershed, South Korea that supplies water for consumption and irrigation. Here, Mn was found to have the highest mean concentration, with the maximum concentration recorded at IH-2. The heavy metal concentrations were higher during summer and fall than that during spring. The mean concentration of heavy metals was relatively high in the downtown area (1.8 times) and downstream of the wastewater treatment facilities (1.3 times), indicating that the wastewater treatment facilities (WTFs) may be the primary source of pollution. Water at most of the sites were found to be suitable for irrigation. However, the sodium absorption ratio and soluble sodium percentage indicated that IH-2 was unsuitable. The results of the principal component analysis indicated that anthropogenic (vehicle and industrial) activities were the primary sources of metal pollution. Ingestion was identified as the primary exposure pathway in terms of health risks. However, the hazard quotients and hazard index for all pathways were below the safety limit (<1) for children and adults.
19
Atkinson, Gail M. "Strategies to prevent damage to critical infrastructure due to induced seismicity." FACETS 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 374–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0013.
Abstract:
There has been a significant increase in the rate of felt earthquakes in western Alberta and eastern British Columbia, which has been associated with hydraulic fracturing and wastewater disposal. The increased rate of seismicity and the potential for localized strong ground motions from very shallow events poses an increased hazard to critical infrastructure such as major dams—particularly for older high-consequence structures. This paper overviews the factors that affect the likelihood of damaging ground motions and examines their implications for hazard assessment and mitigation. A strategy aimed at reducing the likelihood of potentially damaging ground motions to achieve probabilistic targets for critical facilities is developed, comprising elements of both mitigation and avoidance. For critical facilities, an effective strategy includes (i) an exclusion zone having a radius of ∼5 km; and (ii) a monitoring-and-response protocol to track the rate of events at the M > 2 level within 25 km, with adjustment of operational practices if required. An exclusion zone provides a deterministic safety margin to ensure the integrity of those few facilities for which failure consequences are unacceptable. Real-time monitoring tied to a response protocol can be used to control the rate of significant events and thereby limit the hazard more broadly.
20
Spyropoulos, B. "Radiological Protection Policy Aspects concerning the Design and Operation Modus of Medium Energy (< 1 GeV) or High Current (> 25 MeV, = 1 kA) Electron Accelerators Facilities." HNPS Proceedings 7 (December 5, 2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2420.
Abstract:
Radiation Protection in major research-facilities includes several aspects concerning their planning, the hazard-sources, the environmental protection and the general safety. The present paper includes a concise presentation of the approach to the radiation protection policies proposed for the Athens Race Track Microtron (250 MeV, 550 mA) and the Heraclion Modified Betatron Accelerator (25 MeV, 1 kA).
21
Mat Rashid, Rasyimawati, and Radin Zaid Radin Umar. "Major Hazard Competent Person Profession in Malaysia: A document analysis of trends and demands." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 14, no. 2 (March 25, 2024): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v14i2.52503.
Abstract:
Introduction: The Malaysian Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazard (CIMAH) Regulations introduced in 1996 resulted in the creation ‘Major Hazard Competent Person’ (MHCP) profession. However, after two decades of its establishment, there has been limited study conducted on this specific profession. The objectives of this study are to analyze 1) the trend of application and passing rates of MHCP registrations; and 2) the trend of Major Hazard Installations (MHI) registrations, and its relationship with the available supply of registered MHCP. Methods: The study used a document review approach, involving the extraction, examination, and interpretation of data from both published and unpublished documents by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), the regulatory body responsible for overseeing both MHCP and MHI registration status in Malaysia. The study looks into data from 1996 (beginning of 1996 CIMAH Regulation) to 2023, though the available data found and analyzed were from 1998 to 2021. Results: The study reveals a concerning lack of growth in the number of professionals being certified as MHCP, despite an increase in the number of MHIs over the past two decades. Potential causes of this shortage identified include a demanding certification process, limited availability of MHCP competency courses, and a lack of clear career paths and growth opportunities in the profession. Conclusion: The inadequate supply of MHCPs could potentially undermine their ability to provide sufficient coverage for MHIs, indirectly jeopardizing the quality of risk management in major hazard facilities. Therefore, there is merit in periodically reviewing the regulations and reforming the MHCP profession in response to changing trends.
22
Deng, Lin, Yan Lv, and Rong Gui Deng. "Present Situation and Consideration of Rock Burst Hazard." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.136.
Abstract:
Rockburst is a sudden disaster that endangers greatly the security of operators and facilities in the production.The problem of rockburst is the most important issues in the underground space. This paper describes the present situation of the disaster at home and abroad ,which includes the conception，classification, intensity classification, mechanism, forecasting, and prenvention. Based on these analysis, This paper summarizes the following questions：Conception and intensity classification of rockburst has not level , its major and minor influencing factors has not compartmentalized; without taking full consideration in the influence of rock mass structure and dynamic action in comprehensive prediction, and there are fewer considerations of it in practical project; Attribute weights of all the factors are always subjectivity, it can not give the mathematical explanation; Study on rockburst mechanism are not enough, It can not exactly prodict when and where occur,can not raise the perfect time to prenvent the disasters.At the end of this paper, it is pointed out that it is the emphasis topic which comprehensive prediction with computer.
23
Кустов and M. Kustov. "Chemically Hazardous Emissions into the Atmosphere Due to Technogenic Accidents at Ukraine Facilities." Safety in Technosphere 4, no. 3 (July 8, 2015): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11876.
Abstract:
The paper considers the qualitative and quantitative composition of the lower troposphere and the main pollutants under
normal conditions, and in the event of industrial accidents. It identifies the main chemically hazardous substances released
into the atmosphere during depressurization of production machinery without subsequent burning sand inventories of such
substances on the enterprises of Ukraine. The paper also analyzes the combustion products composition of main classes
of flammable substances. On the basis of the analysis the combustion products’ hazard level is defined, as well as their
quantitative composition; hence relying on this analysis major hazardous substances released into the atmosphere during
fires are identified.
24
Chong, H. Y., Mahidzal Dahari, Hwa Jen Yap, and Y. T. Loong. "Development of Hazard Assessment for Hydrogen Refueling Station in Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.121.
Abstract:
Hydrogen plays an important role recently and recognized by various organizations (public and private) to replace fossil fuel in future transportation applications. Recently, research institutes in Malaysia are the focus of the studies on hydrogen technology in order to drive this energy in transportation applications. Since Hydrogen and fuel cells are viewed as one of the most important energy conversion devices in the future, thus the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) had identified this energy as priority research after solar. Just like normal refueling stations, hydrogen stations and its infrastructure must be planned, designed, and operated in accordance with the properties. Safety consideration of hydrogen system installation and its application can consider as one of the major issues influencing the acceptance of hydrogen for public use. The current methodology of hydrogen production and storage system was surveyed in this paper, and the characteristics of the system as well as their advantages and limitation were reviewed. Besides, this study has investigated and discussed the potential hazards associated with hydrogen refueling facilities such as hydrogen production, storage and dispensing system. These preliminary safety considerations in hazard identifications are intended to figure out the potential hazard and thus analyze the hazard in each of the sub-system before the full quantitative risk assessment take place. Thus, a framework for the entire risk analysis of hydrogen fueling stations was established.
25
Pankow, Kristine L., Michael Stickney, Jeri Y. Ben-Horin, Mairi Litherland, Suzette Payne, Keith D. Koper, Susan L. Bilek, and Kyren Bogolub. "Regional Seismic Network Monitoring in the Eastern Intermountain West." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 2A (November 20, 2019): 631–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190209.
Abstract:
Abstract The Intermountain West (IMW) region is bounded by the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the west and the Great Plains to the east. Tectonically, the region is dominated by active extension and has moderate to high seismic hazard. Both paleoseismic and historical records include M>7 surface-rupturing earthquakes. The region is also the location of frequent moderate-size (M 5–6) earthquakes. In this article, we focus on the eastern IMW and its six regional seismic networks. We document recent and historical seismicity, describe the evolution of the regional networks, and clarify the rationale for sustained and improved seismic monitoring. Although absolute population is relatively low compared with other parts of the country, the IMW is experiencing rapid growth. Beyond population, there is significant seismic risk posed to major transportation and energy corridors, nuclear generation and storage facilities, dams, national laboratories, military bases, and other critical facilities. Despite the relatively high seismic hazard and increasing risk, seismic monitoring varies from excellent to skeletal, with some seismically active regions having minimal seismographic coverage. Clear monitoring needs for the IMW include increased station density, replacement of outdated seismic equipment, and more stable funding.
26
Porter, Jeremy R., Evelyn Shu, Michael Amodeo, Ho Hsieh, Ziyan Chu, and Neil Freeman. "Community Flood Impacts and Infrastructure: Examining National Flood Impacts Using a High Precision Assessment Tool in the United States." Water 13, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 3125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213125.
Abstract:
Changing environmental conditions are driving worsening flood events, with consequences for counties, cities, towns, and local communities. To understand individual flood risk within this changing climate, local community resiliency and infrastructure impacts must also be considered. Past research has attempted to capture this but has faced several limitations. This study provides a nation-wide model of community flooding impacts within the United States currently and in 30 years through the use of high-resolution input data (parcel-level), multi-source flood hazard information (four major flood types), multi-return period hazard information (six return periods), operational threshold integration, and future-facing projections. Impacts are quantified here as the level of flooding relative to operational thresholds. This study finds that over the next 30 years, millions of additional properties will be impacted, as aspects of risk are expected to increase for residential properties by 10%, roads by 3%, commercial properties by 7%, critical infrastructure facilities by 6%, and social infrastructure facilities by 9%. Additionally, certain counties and cities persistently display impact patterns. A high-resolution model capturing aspects of flood risk as related to community infrastructure is important for an understanding of overall community risk.
27
Hossain, J., A. K. Al-Aska, and I. Al Mofleh. "Laparoscopy in Tuberculous Peritonitis." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 85, no. 2 (February 1992): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689208500212.
Abstract:
Intra-abdominal tuberculosis remains a significant health hazard in the developing countries. In countries where sophisticated medical facilities are not easily available, laparoscopic examination of intra-abdominal organs is helpful. In this study, 22 patients were found to have peritoneal tuberculosis out of 82 laparoscopic examinations. The major clinical presentation in these patients were abdominal pain, weight loss, fever and ascites. Tuberculin test was not always positive. Direct visualization of the peritoneum and obtaining peritoneal biopsies provide the definitive tissue diagnosis to confirm the clinical diagnosis.
28
Goggin, Denys. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TOTAL HAZARD CONTROL PLAN FOR AN LNG SITE." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90039.
Abstract:
Australia's North West Shelf Project is based on the development of major gas reserves discovered in the early 1970s in deep water some 130 km off the coast from Dampier, Western Australia.The project was developed in two phases. The Domestic Gas Phase, completed in 1984, supplies pipeline gas to the State Energy Commission of Western Australia for distribution in the south-west of the State. The Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Phase involves the export of LNG to eight Japanese power and gas utilities under 20-year Sale and Purchase Agreements. The production and export of LNG commenced in 1989.A Total Hazard Control Plan (THCP) has been developed for the project's onshore and offshore facilities to ensure that all hazards which could affect public safety outside the plant boundary are identified and controlled for the life of the site.The THCP applies to all sites, including the trunkline, onshore gas treatment plant, King Bay supply base and North Rankin A offshore platform. The objectives of the THCP are: to identify the hazards that exist together with their potential consequences; to list the policies and procedures which control the hazards and assign responsibility within the organisation to ensure that those policies and procedures are implemented; to provide verifiable assurance to Government that the Project Operator, Woodside, comprehensively and systematically controls all foreseen hazards to public safety, at the level of 'reasonably practicable'.Compliance with the THCP is verified using a structured auditing programme involving both internal and external audits.
29
Mayang Sari, Anggun, Afnindar Fakhrurrozi, Andria Arisal, Bambang Setiadi, Hendri Gusti Putra, Nafri, Rabieahtul Abu Bakar, and Zamri Ramli. "Seismic hazard analysis on Solok Regency, West Sumatra to support local government development program." E3S Web of Conferences 464 (2023): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346407002.
Abstract:
Solok Regency is an administrative area located in West Sumatra that is currently carrying out disaster mitigation programs. Mostly, major infrastructure such as the Solok Local Government Buildings Complex, school facilities, hospital buildings, and many dense residential buildings are scattered over this area. One notable event happened on September 30, 2009, which forced the local government to take serious prevention steps to reduce casualties and damages in the future. Furthermore, there is a need to develop a comprehensive study to analyze the seismic hazards by determining the value of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at the bedrock. The analysis was carried out using the Probability Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) by calculating several seismic sources towards Solok regency by a radius of 500 kilometers from the Arosuka area for a 2475-year return period. The result showed a PGA value of 1.052g on Arosuka, Solok regency, while the Openquake platform shows the range of PGA values varies from 0.576g – 1.368g. The PGA values were then visualized into a seismic hazard map using a geographic information system (GIS). In addition, these scientific results are used as basic information to estimate the seismic vulnerability to support the disaster risk reduction program in West Sumatra.
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Klovach, E. V., G. M. Seleznev, and A. Yu Sulimov. "Relationship between the Classification of Chemical Products and Criteria for Qualifying Objects as Hazardous Production Facilities." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 10 (October 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-10-27-32.
Abstract:
In 2002 the international community adopted a new system of hazard classification and labeling of chemical products, which is recommended to be implemented by all the Member- countries of the United Nations through national legislation and international acts. Within the frame of the implementation of this decision, in 2015 the amendments were made to the Directive of the European Community of June 24, 1982, № 82/501/EEC on the prevention of major industrial accidents, and to the United Nations Convention onthe prevention of major industrial accidents, and a little later to the national legislation of the European countries establishing measures on preventing major accidents. In 2017, the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union adopted the technical regulation on the safety of chemical products, which establishes classification criteria that are completely identical to the criteria for the system of hazard classification and labeling of chemical products. Entry into force of the technical regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union will lead to the need for amending all theregulatory legal acts and regulations that contain regulations based on the classification of chemical products, including in the Federal Law № 116-FZ of July 21, 1997, On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities. The task of harmonizing the legislation on industrial safety with the international documents in terms of the classification of chemicals was planned to be solved when developing a new law on industrial safety. During the discussion, the developers encountered different approaches to the definition of classes of hazardous substances, the analysis of which became the subject of this article. The authors formulated proposals that can be used at the next round of harmonization of the Russian legislation on industrial safety with the international documents. When preparing proposals with classes and lists of hazardous chemicals for use in the industrial safety legislation, a comparison was made not only of the definitions of classes of chemicals in different documents, but also of their quantities, which are the criteria for qualifying objects as hazardous production facilities. It is noted that the term «flammable liquids», used in 116-FZ, practically does not occur in the international classifications, therefore, when developing new documents, it was proposed not to use it.
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Charalambous, S., and M. Sakellariou. "Estimation of rockfall hazard using a GIS-based three-dimensional rockfall simulation model." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17223.
Abstract:
Rockfall is a very common geomorphological process, yet a major hazard mainly in mountainous areas or along man-made slopes, potentially threatening lives, settlements, equipment, facilities and road infrastructure. In Greece, rockfalls are considered to be one of the most common forms of landslide as well as the most common failure mode likely to be triggered by a seismic event. Rockfall hazard assessment is requisite for both safety purposes (countermeasure design), as well as for land planning purposes. In this paper, a new three-dimensional rockfall simulation model, developed in GIS environment, is proposed as a tool for assessing rockfall hazard for a local- or even a regional-scale area. The application provides stochastic analysis, three-dimensional visualization and animation of rockfalls, by taking advantage of the capabilities offered by GIS. By means of case studies we evaluate the simulation model as a tool assisting spatial analysis and planning, which can be used in decision-making and design concerning road infrastructures, or even a large technical work, such as a dam.
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Michaelis, Martina, Felix Martin Hofmann, Albert Nienhaus, and Udo Eickmann. "Surgical Smoke—Hazard Perceptions and Protective Measures in German Operating Rooms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020515.
Abstract:
(1) Background: Hazardous substances in surgical smoke that is generated during laser or electrosurgery pose a potential health hazard. In Germany, the Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances (TRGS 525) have included recommendations for appropriate protective measures since 2014. Up to now, no empirical data has been available on the extent to which recommendations have been implemented in practice. (2) Methods: In 2018, 7089 surgeons in hospitals and outpatient practices were invited by email to participate in an online survey. In addition, 219 technical assistants were interviewed. The questionnaire dealt with knowledge of, and attitudes toward, the hazard potential of surgical smoke, as well as the availability and actual use of protective measures. Furthermore, manufacturers and distributors of smoke extraction devices were asked to give their assessment of the development of prevention in recent years. (3) Results: The survey response rate was 5% (surgeons) and 65% (technical assistant staff). Half of all surgeons assumed that there were high health hazards of surgical smoke without taking protective measures. Operating room nurses were more often concerned (88%). Only a few felt properly informed about the topic. The TRGS recommendations had been read by a minority of the respondents. In total, 52% of hospital respondents and 65% of the respondents in outpatient facilities reported any type of special suction system to capture surgical smoke. One-fifth of respondents from hospitals reported that technical measures had improved since the introduction of the TRGS 525. Fifty-one percent of the surgeons in hospitals and 70% of the surgeons in outpatient facilities “mostly” or “always” paid attention to avoiding surgical smoke. The most important reason for non-compliance with recommendations was a lack of problem awareness or thoughtlessness. Twelve industrial interviewees who assessed the situation and the development of prevention in practice largely confirmed the prevention gaps observed; only slight developments were observed in recent years. (4) Conclusions: The low response rate among surgeons and the survey results both indicate a major lack of interest and knowledge. Among other measures, team interventions with advanced training are needed in the future.
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Zygouri, V. "PROBABILISTIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT, USING ARIAS INTENSITY EQUATION, IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE GULF OF CORINTH (GREECE)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 1 (January 19, 2017): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11203.
Abstract:
Shallow earthquakes cause serious damage near the trace of faults. The growth of major cities in hazard prone areas and the public anxiety associated with risks in critical facilities has focused attention to those areas. The Gulf of Corinth constitutes an area prone to high seismicity. During the last 2000 years several strong seismic events have caused extensive collapses, death casualties and widespread landslide phenomena. Strong motion attenuation relationships are considered a significant parameter for any earthquake hazard analysis. Attenuation relationships used in probabilistic hazard assessments predict ground motions components (in this case arias intensity) as a function of source parameters (magnitude and mechanism), propagation path (fault distance) and site effects (site class). In the eastern part of the Gulf of Corinth arias intensity equations were applied for a number of large E-W trending faults dominating the seismic potential of the area. Those faults have already been associated with landslide phenomena according to historic records and by using new methodologies a probabilistic approach of their behaviour has been accomplished for different recurrence intervals.
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Malek, Ehsan, Rishi Chopra, James J. Driscoll, and Pingfu Fu. "Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Uncover Hidden Biases in Survival Disparities of Patients with Multiple Myeloma." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 7409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-172712.
Abstract:
In 2000, the Institute of Medicine highlighted significant evidence supporting a positive association between higher surgical oncologic procedure volume and improved clinical outcomes. Over nearly two decades since that report, research on the volume-outcome relationship in hematologic malignancies remains somewhat unclear. Most of the research on the impact of procedural volume in Multiple Myeloma (MM) management has relied on the National Cancer Database (NCDB), which consistently indicated that MM patients treated at higher-volume facilities experienced lower mortality rates compared to those treated at lower-volume facilities. Still, the underlying reasons for this disparity have remained elusive. In our pursuit of understanding the underlying factors contributing to the survival disparities in MM, we delved into the data from the NCDB studies. Notably, we observed a significant separation in the Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve for overall survival (OS) between patients treated in high-volume and low-volume facilities during the first 2-3 years. However, intriguingly, the divergence in survival rates tended to plateau after this initial period, with similar event rates observed between the two cohorts in subsequent years. This observation led us to question whether hidden biases or confounding factors might influence the outcomes beyond the scope of traditional analyses. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms offer powerful tools for unraveling complex patterns and identifying subtle biases in large datasets. By leveraging these advanced techniques, we aim to dig deeper into the NCDB data to uncover potential hidden factors influencing the survival disparities among MM patients. Objective: To assess the early separation of KM curves, and potential violation of proportional hazard assumptions, we used image analysis software to extract survival numerical value from the KM graph of major three studies of NCDB. We hypothesized that majority of significance in the survival between high vs low volumes occurs in the first 3 years and after that the difference in death rate remains stable. Methods: We included three main analyses of NCDB with KM curve assessment of high vs. low volume facilities. The Computer Vision 2 module on Python programming was used to convert the KM graph image to a gray-scale version. Then the X and Y coordinates of both lines were extracted. The vertical distance between two Y values for each value on X-axis was calculated as the difference between event rates in two cohorts. Further, we created a cumulative hazard plot to visualize the cumulative hazard function for each group over time. This plot can provide insights into whether the proportional hazard assumption holds. Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) was utilized for estimating probability densities from the underlying distribution. Results: We successfully reproduced the KM curve using the coordinates' numerical value (Figure-1).Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) plot visualizes the density of survival difference values over time. The color intensity indicates the density of points, with darker regions representing higher densities. The plot shows the prominent increase in the difference between survival rates occurring relatively early (roughly 30-36 months). After this initial increase, the plot's color intensity becomes lighter, indicating that the survival rate difference tends to plateau, i.e., it remains relatively constant. A large portion of the difference between the two curves occurs early in the course and, after that, stays stable, illustrating early separation in the KM curve. Conclusion: Our findings illustrate that the main survival difference between high and low-volume facilities for MM treatment occurs early in the disease course, potentially violating the proportional hazard assumption. This divergence from expectation may be attributed to patient migration from lower to higher-volume facilities over time, influencing survival data. In light of this, we recommend using alternative approaches, such as cumulative hazard plots and time-varying coefficient Cox models, to assess the Proportional Hazard assumption for patient volume in future research.
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Jephcott, Donald K. "50-Year Record of Field Act Seismic Building Standards for California Schools." Earthquake Spectra 2, no. 3 (May 1986): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585399.
Abstract:
This paper describes the results of more than 50 years experience with enforcement of building standards for the construction of public school buildings in the State of California, one of the highly active seismic areas of the world. The Field Act, which became effective April 10, 1933, has the stated purpose of providing earthquake resistant facilities for the safety of the occupants and protection of the state property. The performance of Field Act school buildings subjected to high intensity ground motion from five earthquakes of the moderate to major range provides significant evidence of the effectiveness of this seismic hazard mitigation program.
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Shepherd, R. "The June 28, 1991 Sierra Madre California earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 24, no. 4 (December 31, 1991): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.24.4.279-286.
Abstract:
Although not a major event compared with the 1989 Loma Prieta one, the Sierra Madre earthquake of June 28, 1991 served to remind Californians that seismic hazard mitigation programs require constant monitoring to ensure their effectiveness and that the stock of precode, high risk buildings continues to prove difficult to eliminate. In this paper aspects of damage suffered by constructed facilities are summarized, specific examples of the behaviour of selected structures are reported and ongoing problems with earthquake insurance and the enforcement of state law requiring cities to identify buildings particularly prone to earthquake damage are described.
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Petrov, A. P., V. S. Kluban, and L. T. Panasevich. "Method of fire hazard assessment of oil and gas industry production technology." Technology of technosphere safety 92 (2021): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.2.92.20-32.
Abstract:
Introduction. Fire risk can be assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. A qualitative method for assessing fire hazard of the technological process (risk analysis) involves a detailed consideration of possible deviations from the technological regulations and failures in the production technology. Therefore, it can significantly increase the reliability of the hazard analysis to justify the technical decisions made to improve fire safety of production. Goals and objectives. Quantitative methods for analyzing fire hazard of technological processes and assessing fire risk have a number of significant drawbacks, they use various models, in which not always reasonable assumptions are often made. The use of such methods sometimes casts doubt on the results obtained. Hazard analysis using a qualitative analysis method is a sequential process of identifying violations not only of technological regulations, but also of fire safety requirements, and, consequently, the causes of accidents. Therefore, one of the most important purposes of this process is to check that all fire safety requirements are met. Methods. Method for assessing fire hazard of production technology by analyzing the consequences of "What happens if...?" (qualitative method of fire hazard assessment) allows us to consider problems related to possible causes of damage to technological equipment, the consequences of these causes, and the options adopted in the considered production for their prevention. The method is based on the development of a list of hazards, their division by hazard level and determining the most dangerous situations on this basis. Such a division makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the developed technical solutions that increase the level of fire safety of the production technology. Results and discussion thereof. The article reveals the essence of the method for assessing the fire hazard of production technology by analyzing the possible consequences of violations of technological regulations. The place of this method in the expert assessment of the fire hazard of production is shown and an example of the practical use of the method is given. Conclusion. Qualitative method of assessing fire danger of the technological process can complement quantitative methods, it can be their integral part, for example, when calculating the fire risk of production facilities, and it can act as an independent method for small enterprises in which it is not required to conduct a state expertise of projects, as well as when there is a need to assess compliance with fire safety requirements of the technical solutions adopted at the stages of design and operation of production. Keywords: pre-emergency situations, major accidents, fire safety system, explosion protection of a tubular furnace
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Nur, Muhammad. "ANALISIS KECELAKAAN KERJA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE HAZARD AND OPERABILITY STUDY (HAZOP) (Studi Kasus: PT. XYZ)." Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi 2, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/jutin.v2i2.480.
Abstract:
PT. XYZ is a registered company that provides business in the provision and services of national construction in Indonesia. Established in 1997, he continues to perform reliable services for many domestic and international clients. With its rank in Riau Province, Indonesia, SGJ participates in the development of major infrastructures in the province and in particular, has deep experience in construction and maintenance in the oil and Gas industry. PT. XYZ is located in the CS RUR B MINAS AREA, Minas Jaya, Minas, Siak Regency, Riau province. As for the problems that exist during the exercise work is: 1) The lack of awareness of workers in the importance of occupational health and Safety (K3) in the working environment of PT. XYZ. From the existing problem, the repair solution offered is: 1) Implementing the 5S method in the work, 2) adding air circulation and indoor lighting Workplace, 3) establishing facilities in a work area such as Stand, 4) give signs or symbols Work area, 5) Provide K3 training on the use of APD, 6) Create worksheets in the use of APD in the work area.
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Nganje, William E., Linda D. Burbidge, Elisha K. Denkyirah, and Elvis M. Ndembe. "Predicting Food-Safety Risk and Determining Cost-Effective Risk-Reduction Strategies." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14090408.
Abstract:
Food safety is a major risk for agribusiness firms. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 5000 people die annually, and 36,000 people are hospitalized as a result of foodborne outbreaks in the United States. Globally, the death estimate is about 42,000 people per year. A single outbreak could cost a particular segment of the food industry hundreds of millions of dollars due to recalls and liability; these instances might amount to billions of dollars annually. Despite U.S. advancements and regulations, such as pathogen reduction/hazard analysis critical control points (PR/HACCP) in 1996 and the Food Modernization Act in 2010, to reduce food-safety risk, retail meat facilities continue to experience recalls and major outbreaks. We developed a stochastic-optimization framework and used stochastic-dominance methods to evaluate the effectiveness for three strategies that are used by retail meat facilities. Copula value-at-risk (CVaR) was utilized to predict the magnitude of the risk exposure associated with alternative, cost-effective risk-reduction strategies. The results showed that optimal retail-intervention strategies vary by meat and pathogen types, and that having a single Salmonella performance standard for PR/HACCP could be inefficient for reducing other pathogens and food-safety risks.
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Michaelis, Martina, Albert Nienhaus, and Udo Eickmann. "Zur Prävention von chirurgischem Rauch im Operationssaal." ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin 2020, no. 07 (June 29, 2020): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17147/asu-2007-8653.
Abstract:
On the prevention of surgical smoke in operating rooms: Experiences and perceptions of risk among surgeons and nursing assistants Background: Surgical smoke during laser surgery or electrosurgery poses a potential health hazard. Recommendations for appropriate protective measures are included in the Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances (TRGS) 525 since 2014. To date there has been a lack of empirical data on the extent to which recommendations have been implemented in practice. Methods: Surgeons in hospitals and outpatient practices (n = 7,089) were invited by email to participate in an online survey in 2018. In addition, 219 nursing assistants were interviewed. The questionnaire dealt with knowledge of and attitudes towards the hazard potential of surgical smoke, and the availability and actual use of protective measures. Results: The survey response rate was 5 % (359 surgeons) and 65 % (142 nursing assistants). Half of all surgeons assumed that surgical smoke posed a high risk to health without protective measures. Operating room nurses were significantly more concerned (88 %). Only a few of them felt properly informed about the topic. 52 % of hospital respondents and 65 % in outpatient facilities reported on special suction systems to capture surgical smoke. One-fifth of respondents from hospitals reported that technical measures had improved since the introduction of the TRGS 525. 51 % of the surgeons in hospitals and 70% in outpatient facilities “mostly” or “always” paid attention to avoiding surgical smoke. Discussion: The low response rate among surgeons and the survey results both indicate a major lack of interest and knowledge. Among other measures, nationwide team interventions with advanced training are needed in order to raise awareness in the future. Keywords: surgical smoke – laser surgery/electrosurgery poses – health hazard – surgeons and nursing assistants
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Chand, Dip, Masoud Mohammadnezhad, and Sabiha Khan. "An Observational Study on Barbers’ Practices and Associated Health Hazard in Fiji." Global Journal of Health Science 14, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v14n3p108.
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The barbers’ work is associated to many infectious diseases which lead to major cause of morbidity and mortality in human’s population globally. This study aimed to determine barbers’ practices and health hazards associated with their profession in Fiji.
MATERIALS & METHODS: A cross sectional quantitative study was conducted to collect data from 50 observational sessions among barbers in Suva, Fiji in 2020. A sample of 25 barbers were randomly selected to participate in this study. A checklist was used to record and collect data. Out of the 25 barbershops observed none of them carried out any form of sterilization.
RESULTS: Only 4 (16%) did some form of disinfection with home bleach and savalon randomly while 84% did not have any form of decontamination in place. The results further illustrate that 22 (88%) of the disinfection were not potent while 3 (12%) were unknown. Similarly, 22 (88%) had inappropriate methods of disinfection and 3 (12%) were questionable. None of the barbershops observed had supply of hot water and only 15 (60%) had sufficient privy and hand washing facilities. Furthermore, only 6 (24%) used PPEs compared to 19 (76%) were in non-compliance.
CONCLUSION: This finding calls for immediate attention of authorities to enforce relevant laws and create awareness and training to improve standards in barbering profession.
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Young, Eric W., Alissa Kapke, Zhechen Ding, Regina Baker, Jeffrey Pearson, Chad Cogan, Purna Mukhopadhyay, and Marc N. Turenne. "Peritoneal Dialysis Patient Outcomes under the Medicare Expanded Dialysis Prospective Payment System." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 14, no. 10 (September 12, 2019): 1466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.01610219.
Abstract:
Background and objectivesPeritoneal dialysis (PD) use increased in the United States with the introduction of a new Medicare prospective payment system in January 2011 that likely reduced financial disincentives for facility use of this home therapy. The expansion of PD to a broader population and facilities having less PD experience may have implications for patient outcomes. We assessed the impact of PD expansion on PD discontinuation and patient mortality.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsA prospective cohort study was conducted of patients treated with PD at 90 days of ESKD. Patients were grouped by study start date relative to the Medicare payment reform: prereform (July 1, 2008 to December 31, 2009; n=10,585), interim (January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010; n=7832), and reform period (January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012; n=18,742). Patient characteristics and facility PD experience were compared at baseline (day 91 of ESKD). Patients were followed for 3 years for the major outcomes of PD discontinuation and mortality using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsPatient characteristics, including age, sex, race, ethnicity, rurality, cause of ESKD, and comorbidity, were similar or showed small changes across the three study periods. There was an increasing tendency for patients on PD to be treated in facilities with less PD experience (from 34% during the prereform period being treated in facilities averaging <14 patients on PD per year to 44% in the reform period). Patients treated in facilities with less PD experience had a higher rate of PD discontinuation than patients treated in facilities with the most experience (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.10 to 1.23 for the first versus fifth quintile of PD experience). Nevertheless, the risk of PD discontinuation fell during the late interim period (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.95) and most of the reform period (from HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.91 to HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.01). Mortality risk was stable across the three study periods.ConclusionsIn the context of expanding PD use and declining facility PD experience, the risk of PD discontinuation fell, and there was no adverse effect on mortality.PodcastThis article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2019_09_12_CJN01610219.mp3
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Gibbeson, J. M., and C. D. Shinners. "ESSO AUSTRALIA LTD'S APPROACH TO RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT." APPEA Journal 38, no. 1 (1998): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97030.
Abstract:
Management of operational risk has become critical in the hydrocarbon process industry. The Esso Australia Ltd Risk Assessment and Management System comprises three defined levels, covering field and management risk control through to formal structured risk assessment. The process steps within each level are common and include planning, hazard identification and assessment, reporting, follow-up and risk closure. Methodologies and degree of detail differ depending on the level and application. The core philosophies underlying the system are:clearly defined responsibilities and approvals for risk ownership, stewardship, follow-up and closure;risks identified and assessed at the lowest appropriate level in the organisation;a common process for risk evaluation and ranking.emphasis on risk reduction follow-up action; andappropriate competency and training.The system also specifies the risk assessment requirements for major facilities and activities. For the offshore platforms these are integrated with the Safety Case requirements.Since its development, the Esso system has played a significant role in improving Esso's overall safety by providing a formal, integrated and consistent process for identifying and controlling risks and hazards at all levels and through each phase of production operations and support activities.
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Scott, Julie C., Mark S. Koylass, Michael R. Stubberfield, and Adrian M. Whatmore. "Multiplex Assay Based on Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Rapid Identification of Brucella Isolates at the Species Level." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 22 (September 21, 2007): 7331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00976-07.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The genus Brucella includes a number of species that are major animal pathogens worldwide and significant causes of zoonotic infections of humans. Traditional methods of identifying Brucella to the species level can be time-consuming, can be subjective, and can pose a hazard to laboratory personnel in the absence of suitable biocontainment facilities. Using a robust phylogenetic framework, a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that define particular species within the genus were identified. These SNPs were used to develop a multiplex SNP detection assay, based on primer extension technology, that can rapidly and unambiguously identify an isolate as a member of one of the six classical Brucella species or as a member of the recently identified marine mammal group.
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Mohajer, Arsalan A. "Seismicity and Seismotectonics of the Western Lake Ontario Region." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 47, no. 3 (November 23, 2007): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032963ar.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTThe western Lake Ontario region, a traditionally perceived area of low seismic risk, is densely populated and is home to, among other critical facilities, the nuclear reactors of Pickering and Darlington. These and other characteristics of the region call for improved estimates of seismic hazard. Due to a lack of understanding of the causative geological sources and recurrence characteristics of the reported seismic activity, there is considerable uncertainty regarding estimated ground motion parameters, a fundamental component of seismic hazard assessments. To attempt to improve the definition of the seismic source zones and, consequently, seismic hazard assessments, the hypocentres of about 30 local earthquakes were recomputed. A new data compilation, based on the revised locations or those with the least travel-time residuals, shows that local microearthquakes (ML"3.5) generally occur along, or at the intersection of, prominent aeromagnetic or gravity anomalies. A notable seismicity trend extends in a northeast-southwest direction between Toronto and Hamilton, and is bounded by magnetic lineaments. A major geological structure, the Central Metasedimentary Belt Boundary Zone (CMBBZ), coincides with a strong aeromagnetic anomaly which extends to the northeast into the Western Québec Seismic Zone. This magnetic lineament also extends to the south, across Lake Ontario, to join the Akron (Ohio) magnetic boundary that was associated with several historical earthquakes and with a mb=4.9 earthquake in 1986. Most of the seismic events recorded instrumentally in the 20th century have occurred within a depth range of 5 to 20 km. This observation supports the correlation of local earthquakes with deep geophysical and geological features, suggesting contemporary reactivation of basement structures. This may imply that a more conservative deterministic hazard estimate is needed to verify the probabilistic approach currently used to assess seismic hazard in southern Ontario.
46
Ahmed, Ashar, Ahmad Farhan Mohd Sadullah, and Ahmad Shukri Yahya. "Effect of Roadside Development on the Safety of Intersections without Signals." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.393.
Abstract:
Roadside development plays an important role in the safety of the entire road in general and intersections in particular. Illegal and improper buildouts such as roadside kiosks, bus stops and fire stations are an accident hazard and a hindrance towards sustainable development. This paper presents the first account of analysis of safety evaluation of intersections with respect to roadside development in Malaysia. The data collected on 14 sites was analyzed. The results indicated that the bus stops and restaurants located right infront of the unsignalized intersections were the major contributory factors in decreasing the safety. Moreover it was found that facilities staggered away from the intersection such as another access point are less hazardous. It is recommended that relevant authorities should ensure the removal of such risky roadside developments.
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Colley, Jacinta, and Heidi Zeeman. "Safe and Supportive Neurorehabilitation Environments: Results of a Structured Observation of Physical Features Across Two Rehabilitation Facilities." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 13, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586720912546.
Abstract:
Objective: This research aimed to identify the extent to which physical features of two neurorehabilitation units appeared to support positive patient experience and recovery. Background: Neurorehabilitation inpatient facilities must be focused on safety management and efficiency of care, as well as being supportive of the patient experience. While occupational safety and risk management is paramount, the supportive nature of the physical setting for inpatient neurorehabilitation following spinal cord injury or acquired brain injury is unclear. Method: Structured observation of two physical environments using an adapted observational tool comprising 237 items across 8 area zones, and 3 major categories (patient safety, worker safety and efficiency, and holistic patient experience). Results: Results indicated that across both neurorehabilitation settings, the built environment attended well to occupational safety, risk reduction, harm prevention and internal security (up to 87% in spinal injury unit [SIU] and 95% in brain injury unit [BIU] patient rooms), but with limited evidence of physical features to support psychosocial needs or promote positive user experiences (up to 30% in SIU and 45% in BIU patient rooms). Conclusion: The built environments observed appeared to be an underutilized resource for supporting positive psychosocial neurorehabilitation experiences (including complex behavior support) beyond hazard management.
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Yusuf, Abdul Mazid, Irfan Manaf, Lentiani Anissa, Almaida Yulianti, Muhammad Rivaldi Pratama, Ahmad Taufik, and Salafudin Salafudin. "Pencegahan Penyebaran Covid-19 di Fasilitas Umum Keagamaan Masjid Dengan Metode Hazard Identification Risk Assessment (HIRA)." MEDIA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA 19, no. 4 (July 3, 2020): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkmi.19.4.284-289.
Abstract:
Latar Belakang: Kekhawatiran masyarakat meningkat sejalan dengan meluasnya penularan COVID-19 di hampir seluruh penjuru dunia dan protokol untuk menurunkan tingkat penurunan di sejumlah negara lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi bahaya, mengidentifikasi bahaya, mengetahui level resiko, dan langkah pengendalian resiko berkaitan dengan potensi penularan COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif-observatif dimana sebagian besar referensi dan data-data literatur diperoleh melalui media internet dengan berfokus pada metode HIRA. Objek penelitian adalah masjid meliputi area sholat utama, ruang audio, teras, toilet dan tempat wudhu.Hasil: Hasil identifikasi terdapat 13 sumber potensi bahaya, 7 potensi bahaya level sangat tinggi, 3 potensi bahaya level tinggi, 2 potensi bahaya level sedang dan 1 potensi level rendah. Simpulan: Faktor penyebab potensi bahaya antara lain: kurangnya informasi, kesadaran masyarakat kurang dan sikap memperingatkan yg tidak tegas. Untuk mengurangi resiko tersebut dilakukan pengendalian resiko meliputi administrasi, eliminasi, substitusi, dan APD.Kata Kunci: COVID-19, HIRA, potensi bahaya, masjid, pengendalian resiko ABSTRACTTitle: Prevention of Covid-19 Spread in the Mosque's Public Religious Facilities Using the Hazard Identification Risk Assessment (HIRA) MethodBackground: As Pandemic of Covid-19 around the world the higher the concerns raised from governments, workers and organizations face major challenges in combating the Covid-19 pandemic and protecting safety and health in the work environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential for hazards, identify hazards, determine the level of risk, and risk control measures related to the potential transmission of Covid-19.Method: This research is a descriptive-observative study where most of the references and literature data are obtained through internet media by focusing on the HIRA method. The object of research is the mosque covering the main prayer area, audio room, terrace, toilet and ablution place.Result: The identification results found 13 sources of potential hazards, 7 very high level potential hazards, 3 high level potential hazards, 2 moderate level potential hazards and 1 low level potential. Conclusion: Factors causing potential hazards include: lack of information, lack of public awareness and indecisive warning. To reduce these risks, risk control include administration, elimination, substitution, and PPE.Keywords: Covid-19, HIRA, potential danger, mosque, risk control
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Tierney, Kathleen, Bijan Khazai, L. Thomas Tobin, and Frederick Krimgold. "Social and Public Policy Issues following the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 21, no. 1_suppl (December 2005): 513–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2098928.
Abstract:
The Bam, Iran, earthquake on 26 December 2003 took the lives of 26,271 people and left more than 20,000 injured. About 85% of the houses, commercial units, health and educational facilities, and administrative buildings were either damaged or completely destroyed, affecting 92,000 people in the city and 48,000 people in the surrounding villages, and leaving 75,000 homeless. A reconnaissance trip to Iran and the earthquake-stricken area was carried out from 8–16 May 2004, and focused on societal impacts five months after the Bam event, early recovery activities, long-term recovery planning, and public policy aspects of earthquake loss reduction in Iran. At the time of the reconnaissance team's trip, the major challenges facing the reconstruction process were public participation, public education and hazard communication, and inter-agency and inter-jurisdictional transition and coordination issues.
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Salih, Abdelrahim, and Abdalhaleem Hassablla. "Flash Flood Risk Assessment in the Asir Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia, Using a Physically-Based Distributed Hydrological Model and GPM IMERG Satellite Rainfall Data." Atmosphere 15, no. 6 (May 23, 2024): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15060624.
Abstract:
Floods in southwestern Saudi Arabia, especially in the Asir region, are among the major natural disasters caused by natural and human factors. In this region, flash floods that occur in the Wadi Hail Basin greatly affect human life and activities, damaging property, the built environment, infrastructure, landscapes, and facilities. A previous study carried out for the same basin has effectively revealed zones of flood risk using such an approach. However, the utilization of the HEC–HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center–Hydrologic Modeling System) model and IMERG data for delineating areas prone to flash floods remain unexplored. In response to this advantage, this work primarily focused on flood generation assessment in the Wadi Hail Basin, one of the major basins in the region that is frequently prone to severe flash flood damage, from a single extreme rainfall event. We employed a fully physical-based, distributed hydrological model run with HEC–HMS software version 4.11 and Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals of Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG V.06) data, as well as other geo-environmental variables, to simulate the water flow within the Wadi Basin, and predict flash flood hazard. Discharge from the wadi and its sub-basins was predicted using 1 mm rainfall over an 8-h occurrence time. Significant peak discharge (3.6 m3/s) was found in eastern and southern upstream sub-basins and crossing points, rather than those downstream, due to their high-density drainage network (0.12) and CNs (88.4). Generally, four flood hazard levels were identified in the study basin: ‘low risk’, ‘moderate risk’, ‘high risk’, and ‘very high risk’. It was found that 43.8% of the total area of the Wadi Hail Basin is highly prone to flooding. Furthermore, medium- and low-hazard areas make up 4.5–11.2% of the total area, respectively. We found that the peak discharge value of sub-basin 11 (1.8 m3/s) covers 13.2% of the total Wadi Hail area; so, it poses more flood risk than other Wadi Hail sub-basins. The obtained results demonstrated the usefulness of the methods used to develop useful hydrological information in a region lacking ungagged data. This study will play a useful role in identifying the impact of extreme rainfall events on locations that may be susceptible to flash flooding, which will help authorities to develop flood management strategies, particularly in response to extreme events. The study results have potential and valuable policy implications for planners and decision-makers regarding infrastructural development and ensuring environmental stability. The study recommends further research to understand how flash flood hazards correlate with changes at different land use/cover (LULC) classes. This could refine flash flood hazards results and maximize its effectiveness.