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Utkevich, V. A. "Christening of Rus as a major factor of formation of Russian nation." Язык и текст 2, no. 4 (2015): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2015020405.
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This article is devoted to the philosophical study of the effect of baptism and the Christianization of Rus in the process of formation of the Russian nation. For the formation of Russian people there was the main religious unity that emerged only after the baptism of Rus. The article emphasizes that the Russian and Belorussians are represented as the branches of a single nation. By force of circumstances they have lived a long time in different nations.
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Bokova, T. N. "Analysis of the Major Philosophical-Pedagogical Concepts in the United States of America in the XX Century." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 13, no. 2 (2013): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2013-13-2-110-114.
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The article is devoted to analysis of the major philosophical and pedagogical concepts in the United States in the XX century: pragmatism, behaviorism, humanism, constructivism and cognitivism. The subject matter of the research is peculiarities and trends of the educational thought in the United States in the context of the formation and development of the education system in the United States in the XX century. Careful study and comparison of these areas helped identify key philosophical premises, values and methodological approaches in American pedagogy, the influence on the educational systems in the United States and Russia. Philosophy is regarded as a general methodological basis of educational research and it facilitates the synthesis of the results. It is considered to be vital for pedagogy, both in the U.S. and Russia as it is based both on premises and results of various branches of social science, as well as on data from a number of natural sciences.
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Shogar, Ibrahim A. "THE PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN BIOENGINEERING." IIUM Engineering Journal 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v18i2.723.
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This paper investigates the philosophical foundations of modern bioengineering to articulate its ethical framework. Engineering as an ultimate mechanism to transform knowledge into practice is essential for both physical and biological sciences. It reduces data, concepts, and designs to pictorial forms. The integration of engineering with the newly emerging biosciences, has presented a unique opportunity to overcome the major challenges that face the environmental and human health. To harness potentials of bioengineering and establish a sustainable foundation for green technology, modern scientists and engineers need to be acquainted with the normative questions of science. In addition to acquiring the general principles of scientific research and identifying the intrinsic goals of the endeavour, philosophy of bioengineering exposes bioengineers to both the descriptive ‘how’ questions of the physical world as well as the normative ‘why’ questions of values. Such an interdisciplinary approach is significant, not only for inspiring to acquire the genuine knowledge of the existing world, but also to expose the bioengineers to their ethical and social responsibilities. Besides introducing the conceptual framework of bioengineering, this paper has investigated the three major philosophies that have been dominating the theoretical presuppositions of scientific research method in history. Namely, (i) Systems biology approach; (ii) Evolutionary biology approach; and (iii) Mechanical view approach. To establish the ethical foundation of modern bioengineering, the paper, also has conducted an analytical study on various branches of the emerging discipline of bioscience.The paper has concluded that adopting the interdisciplinary approach in research and education is essential to harness potentials of bioengineering and to establish foundations of green technology. To achieve the final objectives of bioengineering, both the practical and theoretical knowledge of values must be acquired. The former is essential for invention and innovation; meanwhile the later exposes bioengineers to the integrated discipline of knowledge and values.Â
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Fauzi, Irfan. "Kontribusi Teori Kebenaran Kefilsafatan dalam Penguatan Keilmuan Hadits." Journal of Islamic Thought and Philosophy 3, no. 1 (June 4, 2024): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jitp.2024.3.1.153-169.
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In the line of life, humans have knowledge (epistemology) and truth that they believe in, but can this be accounted for? Therefore, these two objects have become mainstream in the branches of philosophy. And so hadith science, the standard of truth of hadith must go through very strict verification. Historically in understanding the truth there are three popular traditional of views; correspondence, coherence, and pragmatics. In the study of hadith science, it is called epistemology of hadith. This theory is very relevant as a form of interconnection of two scientific disciplines (multidisciplinary). This research is a literature review with a descriptive-analysis method. The results of research provide the conclusions that the hadith epistemological framework for testing the validation of a hadith can use these three major views; (1) correspondence (based on empirical-historical data by tracking asbab al-wurud or tarikh al-ruwwah); (2) coherence (based on the principles of mushthalah al-hadith); (3) pragmatics (mashlahah al-ummah). This theory can be a ways of tracing the historical-philosophical validity of hadith so that its truth can be legalized.
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Ali, Aun Hasan. "Sajjad H. Rizvi. Mulla Sadra and Metaphysics." American Journal of Islam and Society 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v28i1.1268.
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Mullā Ṣadrā and Metaphysics: Modulation of Being appears at a time whenthe study of Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī’s philosophy has reached a critical mass.Critical editions of Shirazi’s works are available, and there are numerousstudies on aspects of his thought. Rizvi has done an excellent job of synthesizingthis information, examining it critically and building on it to pushSadrian studies forward. The philosophical question that Rizvi explores inthis book is: “[h]ow can we reconcile the vision of the unity in existenceand the quest for a singular explanation for reality with our everyday, phenomenalexperience of plurality and multiplicity?” (xi). Rizvi approachesthis question both as a philosopher and a historian of philosophy.The aim of this study is to examine Shirazi’s central philosophicalidea—the modulation of being—and to use this idea to understand hisphilosophy. Whereas most studies on Shirazi have focused on Kitāb al-Mashā‘ir or al-Ḥikma al-‘arshīya, Rizvi focuses on the section on metaphysicsin Shirazi’s most important work Al-Ḥikma al-muta‘ālīya, or simplythe Asfār. There are two major theses in this book. One, “tashkīk is ahermeneutic concept which describes the threefold division of being andits gradation,” and two, “gradation and modulation occur in each mode ofbeing” (3). As Rizvi points out, “being in expression” is the foundation ofShirazi’s semantic theory; “mental being” is about epistemology and psychology;and “actual being” covers metaphysics. “Modulation,” then, isthe axis around which different branches of Shirazi’s philosophy revolve ...
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Hirnyi, Oleh. "What to Build the Theory of Upbringing for the “New Ukrainian School”." Filosofiya osvity. Philosophy of Education 21, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2309-1606-2017-21-2-98-114.
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The last decade, and especially the years after the Revolution of Dignity and the association of Ukraine with the EU, are marked by the rhetoric of the «European civilization choice» and «the return to European values». In the education system, it is reflected in the slogan «New Ukrainian School», built on values. The last slogan raises the question: is there a school (or certain type of school education), which is NOT built on values? Or, in other words: is it a school, which is not built on values, possible in general? The questions are obviously rhetorical, because without values education is impossible. It is the values that are the basis of any upbringing. Therefore, in the declared general sense, this slogan is not different from the former Soviet “datsi-bao”, such as “We will come to a victory of covictory of commmunist labour!”.
We need to be much more concrete in these cases. It seems to me, . It seems to me, that the major-that to me, that the major-that the major-the majorthe major--ity of the failures in the reforms in our country arise from the lack of concretization of common slogans – an alive consequence of the communist methodological heritage in this area. Therefore, the article deals with the ideological, philosophical and methodological foundations of constructing formal and ethical (moral) requirements for the system of school education in the USSR, the system of education and upbringing which Ukraine had inherited. In particular, this applies to the so-called “cosmocentric” ontology, the methodology of “dialectical materialism” (in particular, the so-called “unity of theory and practice”) and the class (so-called “proletarian”) - absolutely relativistic – ethics, constructed on it.So, the problem is the lack of a rational explanation and concretization of common slogans, in particular educational ones, which are put forward as a leitmotif of reforms in the school, and appeals to the concept of “values” that has emerged. As a result, we have absence of a corresponding scientific (philosophical) theory of values in Ukraine and a kind of vacuum in the field of ethics.
In my opinion, in this area, we should study the Polish experience, represented by a whole school of rational thinking in all branches of humanities, known as the Lviv-Warsaw School. Due to the traditions of this school, the Polish school system and society as a whole could resist the dialectical “brainwashing” and liberate itself from the dogmas of communist thinking, as far as carry out the necessary reforms, in particular, in the area of education, making it compatible with the educational systems of EU countries.
As an example, logically connected, based on experience and open to criticism, is the presentation of ethical issues in the theory of values of one of the last representatives of the Lviv-Warsaw School, Andrzej Gzegorczyk, presented in his paper “An attempt to describe the world of values and its ethical implications”.
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Hendrianto, Stefanus. "Constitutionalized But Not Constitute: The Case of Right to Social Security in Indonesia." Constitutional Review 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/consrev623.
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Previous studies on the development of socio-economic rights in Indonesia heavily focus on the Constitutional Court’s decisions in upholding the rights. But there is still minimum study on the political economy behind the development of socio-economic rights in Indonesia. This article will analyze the development of socio-economic rights through the lenses of the right to social security. This article relies on two major theoretical frameworks to analyze the development of the right to social security in Indonesia. The first theoretical framework is the authoritarian constitutionalism in the economic sphere. The second theoretical framework in this article is Kathrine Young’s theory of the construction of socio-economic rights. This article postulates that the rights to social security has been constitutionalized but not constituted in Indonesia for several reasons. First, and foremost, the legacy of authoritarian constitutionalism that prioritizing economic growth over the fulfilment of social economic rights. The “growth” ideology has contributed to the discrepancy between the constitution and reality, in which the government merely considers protection of socio-economic rights as extra cost, which will hamper the growth of the economy. Second, the lack of philosophical and comparative analysis in the interpretation of rights to social security. Third, the transformation of the Court as a detached court in the enforcement of the rights to social security. The element of detachment is clearly seen in the Court’s too much deferral to the Executive and Legislative branches in defining the scope and meaning of the right to social security. Finally, the failure of social movement to create a new narrative on injustice and the importance of rights to social security.
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Muhammad Awais Khan, Shakeel Ahmad Jan, and Farooq Chughtai. "A Comparative Study of the Relevancy of Western Educational Philosophies and Islamic Philosophies." International Journal of Politics & Social Sciences Review (IJPSSR) 2, no. I (June 29, 2023): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/ijpssr-vol.2-iss.i-2023(13-21).
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Islam is the global and most pragmatic religion which is a complete of life. It is divine religion bestowed with the faculty of furnishing practical and long lasting solution to all encountered problems in an authentic style. There are two schools of thoughts categorizing the religions and its verdicts in its own parameters and perspectives. There are two main titles used for these classifications as Islamic and western views and proofed. These two main classes are further branched as sub categories in light of its practices and principles. The present study describes and evaluates the two prominent western educational philosophies named Perennialism and essentialism with its major components and then a comparative analysis is made with Islamic philosophy. This study extends the logical and literature based proofs about the intersecting similarities between both educational philosophies. The study focuses mainly on the notions of Islamic philosophy and its components. Citations of quranic verses have been cited for validation of sources. The study was qualitative in nature and was based review of literature. The tool of literary discourse analysis was applied for elaboration of reliable differences. Genuine web sites were consulted for authentication of results. Particular Area. The study disclosed that the Islamic philosophical system was more authentic and flexible in terms of knowledge and social relationships. The results of comparison highlighted that we should try to practice the holistic and experiential application of Islamic philosophies for durable enactment of strong relationship between learners and teachers for long lasting social aims and objectives.
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Gupta, Dr Rajesh. "Study on economics and its two major branches." International Journal of Financial Management and Economics 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26179210.2018.v1.i1a.1.
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Pociecha, Józef. "Philosophical foundations of statistical research." Przegląd Statystyczny 67, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7109.
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Every researcher desires to uncover the truth about the object of the undertaken study. When conducting statistical research, however, scientists frequently give no deeper thought as to their motivation underlying the choice of the particular purpose and scope of the study, or the choice of analytical tools. The aim of this paper is to provide a reflection on the philosophical foundations of statistical research. The three basic understandings of the term ‘statistics’ are outlined, followed by a synthetic overview of the understanding of the concept of truth in the key branches of philosophy, with particular attention devoted to the understanding of truth in probabilistic terms. Subsequently, a short discussion is presented on the philosophical bases of statistics, touching upon such topics as determinism and indeterminism, chance and chaos, deductive and inductive reasoning, randomness and uncertainty, and the impact of the information revolution on the development of statistical methods, especially in the context of socio-economic research. The article concludes with the formulation of key questions regarding the future development of statistics.
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Istikomah, Istikomah, and Nurhayati Nurhayati. "The Significance of Linguistics in the Study of Philosophy." Hortatori : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/jh.v5i1.631.
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Since the era of Greece and Rome in the 4-2 century BC, until this Postmodern one, language has been one of the most central and core issues of philosophical studies. Language and Philosophy both focus on issues related to structure and meaning in natural language, as discussed in the philosophy of language and other disciplines, among others; philosophical theories about meaning and truth, presuppositions, implicatures, speech acts, etc. This article discusses several case studies that illustrate the relationship between the philosophy of language through three branches of linguistics; syntax (Stanley, 2000), semantics (von Fintel, 2001), and pragmatics (Potts, 2005). The results of the study reveal a significance and interdependence between philosophy and language. Philosophy requires language as a means of communicating ideas and also as an object of study in philosophy. Meanwhile, language also badly needs philosophy as a means or method to analyze systematically to get solutions to solving linguistic problems.Keywords: linguistics, philosophy, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics
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Tamang, Yam Bahadur. "Philosophical perspectives towards curriculum." Innovative Research Journal 2, no. 2 (July 6, 2023): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/irj.v2i2.56165.
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The curriculum is the backbone of the education system of any country. Philosophy and curriculum are interrelated, philosophy provides guidelines for curriculum development and it helps to select the valid and significant content, appropriate instructional methods, materials, teaching-learning activities, and evaluation process in the curriculum. This is a knowledge-based article and descriptive. In this article, I have discussed the four major philosophies and four major educational philosophies related to curriculum. In preparing for this article I have used published books, and online documents for the study sample and data collection tools.
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Noulas, Athanasios G., Niki Glaveli, and Ioannis Kiriakopoulos. "Investigating cost efficiency in the branch network of a Greek bank: an empirical study." Managerial Finance 34, no. 3 (February 15, 2008): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074350810848045.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the cost efficiency of 58 branches of a major Greek commercial bank, in six major Greek cities, for the years 2000 and 2001.Design/methodology/approachThe efficiency is measured through the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. Using regression analysis, the effect of size on cost efficiency is also examined.FindingsThe results indicate that there is a room for substantial efficiency improvements. The average inefficiency is about 30 per cent. It has also been observed that rural branches tend, on average, to be more efficient than urban branches.Research limitations/implicationsA direction of future research would be to extend the analysis of determinants of bank branch efficiency in order to investigate the role that the region and the characteristics of the branch play in relation to efficiency.Originality/valueThe paper provides a comparative evaluation of the efficiency of 58 branches of a major Greek commercial bank using the DEA method.
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Papchenko, Elena, Ruslan Bazhenov, Emma Bestaeva, and Sergey Bogatenkov. "Philosophy of technology: performance review and expected development." SHS Web of Conferences 72 (2019): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197201019.
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The paper is related to viewing the genesis and prospects for the development of one of the most important branches of philosophy - the philosophy of technology. The authors begin their survey with the time when a grounding of the philosophy of technology was given, i.e. when technology became comprehensible in terms of a philosophical and philosophical point of view until such extended studies concerned to the technology that developed into one of the most dominating factors in social development. It is reported that exact antipodes of opinion were made up in the classical philosophy of technology. Criticism of technology lasted long till its sacral significance and understanding technological reality requirements. Finally, it culminated in creating various approaches to study technology: engineering, humanitarian, social and philosophical. However, a pragmatic approach to the technology observation and development outcomes developed gradually. The paper comes to the point that contemporary philosophy of technology is harmonious and holistic in nature.
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Chaware, Prashant, John Santoshi, Manmohan Patel, Mohtashim Ahmad, and Bertha Rathinam. "Surgical Implications of Innervation Pattern of the Triceps Muscle: A Cadaveric Study." Journal of Hand and Microsurgery 10, no. 03 (June 20, 2018): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660771.
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AbstractThe innervation pattern of triceps is complex and not fully comprehended. Anomalous innervations of triceps have been described by various authors. We have attempted to delineate the nerve supply of the triceps and documented the anomalous innervations of its different heads. The brachial plexus and its major branches (in the region of the axilla and arm) and triceps were dissected in 36 embalmed cadaver upper limbs. Long head received one branch from radial nerve in 31 (86%) specimens. Four (11%) specimens received two branches including one that had dual innervation from the radial and axillary nerves, and one (3%) specimen had exclusive innervation from a branch of the axillary nerve. Medial head received two branches arising from the radial nerve in 34 (94%) specimens. One (3%) specimen received three branches from the radial nerve whereas one (3%) had dual supply from the radial and ulnar nerves. Lateral head received multiple branches exclusively from the radial nerve, ranging from 2 to 5, in all (100%) specimens. Knowledge of the variations in innervation of the triceps would not only help the surgeon to avoid inadvertent injury to any of the nerve branches but also offers new options for nerve and free functional muscle transfers.
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Định, Trần Thế, and Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nhàn. "Analysing the characteristics of major branches of modern geography." Tạp chí Khoa học 15, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.54607/hcmue.js.15.1.154(2018).
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Geography can be described as a field of science which is the study of the Earth’s physical features, people, as well as the relationships between people and their environment. Based on collecting and analyzing materials from various sources, the paper analyze the characteristics of major branches in the new trend of geography. In addition, as a basis for the above analysis, we also outline the history of geography and present the traditional and modern methods in geographical research.
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mathew, Mr Arun Mathew, and Dr Rajesh Konnur. "EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS MODULE ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING MAINTENANCE OF HEALTH AND PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO CABG AMONG CAREGIVERS OF CABG PATIENTS ADMITTED IN SELECTED HOSPITALS OF GUJARAT." RESEARCH RESERVOIR 7, no. 2 (December 10, 2021): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47211/trr.2021.v07i02.011.
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The myocardium of the heart is supplied by 2 major coronary arteries: the left main coronary artery and the right coronary artery (RCA). The left main coronary artery is usually a short segment that branches into the left anterior descending (LAD) artery and the circumflex artery. The LAD branches further into diagonal branches and the circumflex artery branches into obtuse marginal branches. The RCA branches into the posterior descending artery (PDA) and the marginal branches. As this study aims at effectiveness of awareness module on knowledge regarding maintenance of health and prevention of complications related to CABG among caregivers of CABG patients, the concepts from Roy’s adaptation model are adopted to formulate conceptual framework for the study. Roy’s model focuses on the concept of “Adaptation of man”.
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Al-Ajami, Sawsan, and Magdy Ghaith. "Prevention of loss in Mudarabah Sukuk Philosophical: Jurisprudence Study." Jordan Journal of Islamic Studies 20, no. 2 (May 28, 2024): 131–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.59759/jjis.v20i2.448.
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The aim of this paper is to clarify the major reasons for losses, prevention methods, and ways to address them by employing a descriptive-analytical approach. The paper initially discusses the concept of loss and its types, and primarily focuses on the causes of loss in Mudarabah Sukuk and ways to prevent and address them. The results of the study suggest that trading in Sukuk is a type of liquidity management and hedges against losses and disperses risks. The paper also recommends the establishment of a market for Islamic securities and the development of a legislative framework to address losses and prevent the collapse of its institutions.
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Rashkovsky, Eugene B. "Philosophical Fragments: from Diaries of Recent Years." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 6 (2021): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-6-207-219.
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The paper presents few extracts from the philosophical diaries of Russian historian, philosopher and poet Eugene Rashkovsky during 2017‒2020. The pivotal problems of his diary are connected with three branches of philosophical knowledge: Philosophy of human person, Philosophy of poetry, Philosophy of history. An idea of human spontaneous creative activity (ποιησις) as well as interconnected with it idea of freedom – these both ideas seem to be central theoretical interest of the diaries’ author. Human ποιησις (in the broad approach to this notion) seems to be important field where our feelings, intuitions, reason and praxis interconnected and finding themselves in the main streams and trends of history. “A Study of Poetry” with poetry’s special, non-linear connections of semantic chains, images and rhythms is presented by author as one of hermeneutic keys to philosophical understanding of history. Philosophy of Vladimir Solovyev as well as Pushkin’s and Pasternak’s poetical heritage are the subjects of author’s special interest. A philosophical diary that does not require a scientific apparatus or detailed argumentation is a unique genre. Self-interview genre. Or, as I tried to show in one of my books, the genre of “raising the interlocutor” in oneself. Sure, it also happens that a natural, non-fictional interlocutor can sometimes continue in a casual (or not casual) diary reader. The interview with oneself continues in the reader…
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Bhuiyan, Abul Bashar, Abdul Ghafar Ismail, Abd Halim Mohd Noor, Mohammad Solaiman, and Md Jafor Ali. "THE ISLAMIC ECONOMICS PHILOSOPHY AND APPLICATION REALITY IN THE EXISTING ISLAMIC ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE WORLD." International Journal of Shari'ah and Corporate Governance Research 3, no. 2 (October 29, 2020): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijscgr.v3i2.850.
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Islam offers the complete code of human life. It is applicable in every sphere of life, whether business, service or any other occupations. Islamic Economic philosophy simply expounds or refers to philosophical activity within the Islamic paradigm. The main direction of Islamic philosophy provides a complete way of life based on al-Adl and al-Ihsan. The discussion on Islamic economic philosophy issues had started earlier and flourished when Muslim scholars dominated the world scientific development tradition. However, the economic issues are mainly solved by different branches and schools of economics thoughts. Therefore, this paper has an attempt look into the philosophical issues in the area Islamic economics and its comprehensive application in the existing economyall over the world. It is a purely descriptive presentation on the issues of Islamic economic philosophy. The study findings revealed that Islamic economic has a strong philosophical foundation where socioeconomic development can be done based on al-Adl and al-Ihsan. The study also concluded that al-Adl and al-Ihsan would be establish while economic life is directed by not only material motives but also consent of Allah and craving for happy eternal life in the hereafter.
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Manik, Kresna Ningsih, Irene Ardyani Nababan, Yong Heng Sai, Siti Aisha Ginting, and Winda Sari. "Study of Ontological, Epistemological and Axiological Principles in Final Academic Assignments for Dissertation Scientific Papers: Philosophical Values in Scientific Writing." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 5, no. 1 (January 25, 2024): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.01.29.
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This research is an initial exploration into the foundational branches of philosophy (axiology, ontology, and epistemology) and their profound implications for the philosophy of language. Investigating the contemporary study of language, the research examines five dissertations to uncover the interplay of these three philosophical domains. The research addresses three key questions: the domains within the philosophy of language covered by the dissertations, the featured interconnection of axiology, ontology, and epistemology in these dissertations, and the development of these domains to bolster arguments. The objectives include discerning how researchers describe these domains in relation to language philosophy, exploring the possibility of discussing a single domain without engaging the others, and fostering an objective discussion of language philosophy within an academic context. The research's significance lies in contributing to a comprehensive understanding of language, its relationship with users and the world, and how the three philosophical domains sustain language existence. It aims to enrich the study of language philosophy for students, particularly those in English Applied Linguistics programs, by emphasizing the correlations between philosophy and language characteristics, acquisition, planning, and translation. The research employs a qualitative approach, analyzing dissertations from a philosophical perspective. Findings reveal that the interconnection of axiology, ontology, and epistemology is intricate, challenging the initial assumption of discussing them separately. Notably, the dissertations exhibit varied emphasis on the three domains. The study concludes with valuable insights into the philosophy of language, highlighting the pivotal role of language in shaping reality, conveying experiences, and expressing cultural influences. The dynamic nature of language and the reciprocal relationship between language and philosophy underscore the need for an open-minded approach and continual engagement in discussions surrounding language philosophy. The research recommends incorporating philosophy as a mandatory course in university curricula to nurture a holistic understanding of language and its philosophical underpinnings.
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De Haan, Daniel D. "A Heuristic for Thomist Philosophical Anthropology: Integrating Commonsense, Experiential, Experimental, and Metaphysical Psychologies." American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 96, no. 2 (2022): 163–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acpq2022126248.
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In this study, I outline a heuristic for Thomist philosophical anthropology. In the first part, I introduce the major heuristics employed by Aquinas to establish the objects, operations, powers, and nature of his anthropology. I then identity major lacunae in his anthropology. In the second part, I show how an integrated approach to commonsense, experiential, experimental, and metaphysical psychologies can fill these lacunae and contribute to the enquiries of a contemporary Thomist philosophical anthropology.
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Zidna Fahma. "The Urgency Of Studying Philosophy And Its Scope." DIROSAT: Journal of Education, Social Sciences & Humanities 1, no. 4 (October 15, 2023): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.58355/dirosat.v1i4.47.
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The aim of this research is to explain the importance of studying philosophy, scope, figures and branches of philosophy. This research is a type of library research, research whose object of study uses a bibliography in the form of books, journals, articles as data sources. The characteristics of philosophical thinking are: descriptive, critical and analytical, evaluative or normative, speculative and systematic. So, philosophy can generally be interpreted as a science that investigates everything that exists to obtain the ultimate truth. The scope of philosophy is logic, aesthetics, ethics and metaphysics
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Uzoigwe, Elias Ifeanyi E. "The Place of Skepticism in the 21st Century Gnoseological Debate: Selecting Logical Positivism and Postmodernism." World Journal of Education and Humanities 4, no. 1 (December 4, 2021): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjeh.v4n1p1.
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This study is centered on The Place of Skepticism in the 21st Century Gnoseological Debate: Selecting Logical Positivism and Postmodernism. Within the context of Western philosophy, skepticism, which arguably began in the ancient times with the likes of Gorgias neither ends with the Contra Academicos of St. Augustine nor with Kant’s noumena as some scholars argued. Skepticism is an indispensable part of epistemic discourse that cuts across diverse ages of philosophical discipline ranging from the ancient, medieval, modern, and contemporary; and also permeates all the branches of philosophy. The philosophical postulates of the logical positivists who unequivocally argued that any proposition that cannot be subjected to their verification principle is meaningless, was occasioned by skepticism. The postmodernist philosophers’ argument against objective knowledge, grand totalizing, and their downplaying of foundationalism, was orchestrated by skepticism. It is the position of this study that skepticism is not only a continuum, but most importantly, the episteme-vitae (the life-wire of epistemology). As a necessary evil in the philosophical discipline skepticism is an inevitable driving force in the 21st century gnoseological debate, and instrumentum laboris (instrument of labour) in the hands of philosophers. The research methods employed in this work include: analytic, contextual, historical, and textual.
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Er-Rouassi, Hafsa, Meryem Bakour, Soumaya Touzani, Miguel Vilas-Boas, Soraia Falcão, Catherine Vidal, and Badiaa Lyoussi. "Beneficial Effect of Bee Venom and Its Major Components on Facial Nerve Injury Induced in Mice." Biomolecules 13, no. 4 (April 17, 2023): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13040680.
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Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a health problem that affects many people worldwide. This study is the first to evaluate the potential effect of bee venom (BV) and its major components in a model of PNI in the mouse. For that, the BV used in this study was analyzed using UHPLC. All animals underwent a distal section-suture of facial nerve branches, and they were randomly divided into five groups. Group 1: injured facial nerve branches without any treatment. Group 2: the facial nerve branches were injured, and the normal saline was injected similarly as in the BV-treated group. Group 3: injured facial nerve branches with local injections of BV solution. Group 4: injured facial nerve branches with local injections of a mixture of PLA2 and melittin. Group 5: injured facial nerve branches with local injection of betamethasone. The treatment was performed three times a week for 4 weeks. The animals were submitted to functional analysis (observation of whisker movement and quantification of nasal deviation). The vibrissae muscle re-innervation was evaluated by retrograde labeling of facial motoneurons in all experimental groups. UHPLC data showed 76.90 ± 0.13%, 11.73 ± 0.13%, and 2.01 ± 0.01%, respectively, for melittin, phospholipase A2, and apamin in the studied BV sample. The obtained results showed that BV treatment was more potent than the mixture of PLA2 and melittin or betamethasone in behavioral recovery. The whisker movement occurred faster in BV-treated mice than in the other groups, with a complete disappearance of nasal deviation two weeks after surgery. Morphologically, a normal fluorogold labeling of the facial motoneurons was restored 4 weeks after surgery in the BV-treated group, but no such restoration was ever observed in other groups. Our findings indicate the potential of the use of BV injections to enhance appropriate functional and neuronal outcomes after PNI.
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Fouly, Nabil. "Taha Hussein and Abbas Mahmud al-Aqqad on the Greek Philosophy: A Comparative Study." DINIKA : Academic Journal of Islamic Studies 1, no. 3 (December 30, 2016): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/dinika.v1i3.69.
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Taha Hussein (1889-1973) and Abbas Mahmud al-Aqqad (1889-1964) are two prominent contemporary scholars in Egypt. This article delivered the comparison of both thoughts regarding to the Greek philosophy, while extensively influenced by the Greek philosophical tradition with two different responses. Thaha Husein so fascinated to the Greek philosophical traditions in which he developed appreciatively as found on his works. While al-Aqqad, he almost concerned on reviewing the value of the Greek philosophical tradition. His interaction to them feels more rigid because he used to accentuate his Arabian color and manifested his resistence when interacting with the Greek philosophical tradition. On several occasions, Al-Aqqad more often criticized them as compared to Thaha Husain. Well-known as westernized, Thaha Husain, instead of being uncritical of Greek philosophy, to him, the beginning of Greek philosophy formulation somehow indicated through their interaction with the Eastern culture. As said, East in the past became a source and reference, albeit limited to the physical aspect. While al-Aqqad, he viewed uncertainly whether Greek or East is the major source of the early emergence of philosophy as a scientific tradition.Keywords:Greek Philosophy, Islamic Philosophy, West, East
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Hu, Manran. "A Study of the Development History and Stylistic Features of Chinese Ink Painting." Pacific International Journal 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v6i1.310.
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The modern ink painting in China started in the 1980s and it didn't become popular until the late 1990s. Up till now, it has become a major branch of Chinese art and painting. This paper makes a brief review on the historical development of Chinese ink painting based on the current studies on the topic. Compared with the western painting, the Chinese ink painting enjoys a special position in terms of spiritual forms, Artistic function, Language Structure, ink and brush form. The study finds that ink painting has a strong philosophical conception of Chinese cultural traditions and an ideology that matches its history, culture and religious beliefs. The values and ideology of the traditional Chinese philosophical outlook can be glimpsed in ink painting, and the ancient subsistence smallholder economic system also permeated and influenced the way of painting in terms of economic and social development. This influence ultimately reflected in the ancient philosophical system of thinking .
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WEI, DU, YURIY VLASOPOLOV, HEORHII KONONCHUK, PAVLO DORONIN, and JIANG YIZHEN. "DISCURSIVE FOUNDATIONS OF THE STUDY OF THE CONCEPT OF POETICS AS A MUSICOLOGICAL CATEGORY." AD ALTA: 13/01-XXXII. 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33543/j.130132.7780.
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The article shows that poetics as a musicological category, poetics of a composer, largely by analogy with the poetics of a writer, poet, covers the whole complex of individual philosophical attitudes and artistic techniques demanded by the creator to embody the idea and create a work of art. Understood as a set of specific methods and substantive principles, priorities and grounds, according to which the text is organized and shaped, poetics appears in the unity of the semantic and stylistic aspects of creativity. Different traditions are analyzed concerning consideration of the category of poetics and its interpretation in many literary studies, which created a solid basis for the application of this concept in musicology, that in many respects follows literature. At the same time, in comparison with other scientific branches of art studies, precisely in musicology a wide range of its application and more in-depth development is presented.
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Harris, Antipas L. "Black Protest as Public Theology." International Journal of Public Theology 16, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 422–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697320-20220059.
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Abstract This study investigates African American protests with particular interest in major movements of the civil rights and hip-hop eras. While scholars argue over the comparisons between the two eras, this work searches for underlining philosophical strands that may locate black protest as intimately cultural-theological. It considers Bourdieu’s habitus as ideological framework to understand philosophical and even more so theological dynamics of black protest. Cultural-theological conclusions inform contemporary protests of their ideological roots in philosophical underpinnings crucial to identity and more rigorous intergenerational effectiveness.
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Majumder, Bijita, and Sukalyan Ray. "Doctrines of Different Philosophical Schools Regarding the Theory of Cause & Effect and Their Validation in Light of Charaka Samhita." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2022.8207.
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Right from the inception of Ayurveda, through its development across the ages, the fundamental principles of Ayurveda have been influenced and enriched by the thoughts and logics from different Indian philosophical schools. Among the many branches of Indian philosophical schools, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Vedanta and certain Buddhist schools had a great influence in building up the basic fundamental principles of Ayurveda. The theory of causality behind every action i.e. Karya Karana Vada has been adopted by the majority of Indian philosophical schools with their own unique explanation, which gives the distinct identity to each of the doctrines related to the theory of cause and effect. Charaka Samhita, one of the most fundamental treatise of Ayurveda has adopted many of them and explains different biological as well as universal phenomenon on the basis of these theories. A number of doctrines and concepts those are described both in different philosophical schools and Charaka Samhita, among which Paramanu Vada (doctrine of atom), Pilu Paka Vada (doctrine of molecular change), Pithara Paka Vada (doctrine of physical change), Sat Karya Vada (doctrine of causation), Asat Karya Vada (doctrine of non - existence), Arambhavada (doctrine of commencement), Parinama Vada (doctrine of transformation), Vivarta Vada (doctrine of appearances), Kshanabhangura Vada (doctrine of momentariness), and Swabhavoparama Vada (doctrine of self-destruction) are some of the theories which are discussed in this present study with descriptions & examples available in Charaka Samhita.
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Kosmowski, W. "The position of the polish bishops’ conference on LGBT+ – philosophical, theological, clinical and political aspects." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.998.
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IntroductionPracticing medicine cannot disregard cultural conditions. Philosophy and religion are elements of culture. For several years in Poland, various circles have discussed the extensive LGBT issues. A document of Polish Bishops on this subject appeared on 28.08.2020. In 2018, 91.8% of people over 16 years old in Poland declared affiliation to the Roman Catholic Church (Statistics Poland 2020).ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to present different perspectives of effects of that publication, including ethical evaluation and references to clinical practice.MethodsStatements of protagonists and antagonists of this document in Polish were analyzed. Collected arguments were divided into types: philosophical – by philosophy branches (e.g. ethics, philosophical anthropology), theological and clinical.ResultsAs of 29.09.2020 – 85,200 results in the Google Search after typing (in Polish) “Polish Episcopal Conference LGBT”. The use of philosophical arguments by both parties results from the adaptation of different systems, e.g. regarding philosophical anthropology, some assume the immutability of human nature, others – its variability and susceptibility to shaping, e.g. human sexuality. Some emphasize the importance of non-discrimination, while others indicate the need to consider human essence in determining directions of actions.ConclusionsProfessionals should help everyone, regardless of conditions, in accordance with conscience and contemporary medical knowledge [Polish Code of Medical Ethics]. They should try to understand patients and the context of symptoms. Familiarizing oneself with arguments of both sides helps in this. But polemical language makes dialogue difficult. What for one is a “venerable tradition”, for another is a “stereotype” or “discrimination”.
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Kovačević, Predrag, Slađana Ugrenović, and Tatjana Kovačević. "Vascularisation of Pectoralis Maior Myocutaneous Flap - Anatomical Study in Human Fetuses and Cadavers." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 8, no. 2 (May 20, 2008): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2008.2979.
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Pectoral major flap is one of most frequently used flaps in head and neck reconstruction. The wide attractiveness of this flap is based on secure vascular stalk made from pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery. The aim of study was to analyze the variations in vascular supply of pectoral major muscle. The investigation was performed on 30 fetuses from 20 to 36 gestation week both gender. For determining vascular network the samples injected with barium sulphate were subjected to Spalteholtz technique, and on 30 fresh cadavers where and we performed injection of Metilen blue 1% in pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery. In 87% we found one pectoral branch and in 13 % two branches for pectoral muscle were found. Before entering the muscle, pectoral branch is dividing in two terminal branches (67%). In all cases lateral part of pectoral muscle is supplied by branch of lateral thoracic artery. The average area of dyed skin was 13 x 20 cm in region between III and VI rib and from parasternal line to anterior axillar line. The average distance of most distal part of dyed skin to midclavicular point was 24 cm. The pectoral branch of thoracoactomial artery obtains main blood supply for pectoral major muscle mass and despite of anatomical variations can be defined as main pedicle for musculocutaneous flap. Dyed skin confirms that pectoral major flap has defined skin territory sufficient for reconstructions in head and neck area.
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Balfour, Ryan, Seong-Jong Joo, Hsin-hui I. H. Whited, and Jerry W. Lin. "Assessing the comparative performance of banking branches." Benchmarking: An International Journal 22, no. 5 (July 6, 2015): 963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-04-2013-0048.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure the performance and relative operating efficiency of mini branches of a commercial bank for internal benchmarking. Design/methodology/approach – The authors employ data envelopment analysis (DEA) for measuring the relative efficiency of mini bank branches in a region of a state in the USA. In addition, the authors use Tobit regression analysis for finding determinants of the efficiency. Findings – The authors identified efficient and inefficient branches using pertinent variables along with potential improvements for the inefficient branches. Among the variables, the authors confirmed that number of full-time employees and service charges were statistically significant for explaining the efficiency of bank branches. Research limitations/implications – The major limitation of this study is the one time measure of efficiency using observations for a month and selected variables. To improve this study: first, the authors need to test other variables related to, but not limited to, assets, bad loans, and number of new account opened; second, it is necessary to measure the efficiency of the branches over time. Originality/value – The contributions of this study include an application of DEA for measuring and benchmarking the performance of bank branches, especially mini branches located in grocery stores and the use of internal data, which is rarely available to the public.
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Kolipakam, Vishnupriya, Fiona M. Jordan, Michael Dunn, Simon J. Greenhill, Remco Bouckaert, Russell D. Gray, and Annemarie Verkerk. "A Bayesian phylogenetic study of the Dravidian language family." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 3 (March 2018): 171504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171504.
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The Dravidian language family consists of about 80 varieties (Hammarström H. 2016 Glottolog 2.7 ) spoken by 220 million people across southern and central India and surrounding countries (Steever SB. 1998 In The Dravidian languages (ed. SB Steever), pp. 1–39: 1). Neither the geographical origin of the Dravidian language homeland nor its exact dispersal through time are known. The history of these languages is crucial for understanding prehistory in Eurasia, because despite their current restricted range, these languages played a significant role in influencing other language groups including Indo-Aryan (Indo-European) and Munda (Austroasiatic) speakers. Here, we report the results of a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of cognate-coded lexical data, elicited first hand from native speakers, to investigate the subgrouping of the Dravidian language family, and provide dates for the major points of diversification. Our results indicate that the Dravidian language family is approximately 4500 years old, a finding that corresponds well with earlier linguistic and archaeological studies. The main branches of the Dravidian language family (North, Central, South I, South II) are recovered, although the placement of languages within these main branches diverges from previous classifications. We find considerable uncertainty with regard to the relationships between the main branches.
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Chirico, Alice, Robert R. Clewis, David B. Yaden, and Andrea Gaggioli. "Nature versus art as elicitors of the sublime: A virtual reality study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): e0233628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233628.
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The sublime–the mixed aesthetic experience of uplift and elevation in response to a powerful or vast object that otherwise is experienced as menacing–has nurtured philosophical discourse for centuries. One of the major philosophical issues concerns whether the sublime is best thought of as a subjective response or as a stimulus. Recently, psychology has conceived of the sublime as an emotion, often referred to as awe, arising from natural or artistic stimuli that are great, rare, and/or vast. However, it has not yet been empirically demonstrated whether two major elicitors of the sublime–nature and art–differ in inducing this state. In order to experimentally compare nature and art, we exposed 50 participants to sublimity-inducing content in two different formats (nature-based and art-based) using 360° videos. We compared Vincent Van Gogh’s The Starry Night with a photorealistic version of the actual place depicted in the painting, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence. We measured participants’ emotional responses before and after each exposure, as well as the sense of presence. The nature-based format induced higher intensity emotional responses than the art-based format. This study compares different sublime stimuli (nature vs. art) for eliciting the sublime.
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Gorban, Anastasiya A. "Philosophical Foundations of I.Ch. Ozerov’s Views." Общество: философия, история, культура, no. 1 (January 24, 2024): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2024.1.5.
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The subject of the article is the analysis of the philosophical foundations of the economic views of a major pre-revolutionary and Soviet economist Ivan Khristoforovich Ozerov (1869–1942). In the course of the study it is noted that Ozerov’s economic views are methodologically similar to state socialism. At the same time, the au-thor draws attention to the fact that in Ozerov’s scientific and journalistic works a significant part is occupied by the consideration of social development through the prism of institutions, which allows us to talk about the for-mation of methodological foundations of institutionalism in Russia in parallel with the West. It is noted that de-spite the material orientation of his activities, Ozerov also paid attention to the spiritual world. He has three jour-nalistic works to his credit, in which the economist’s idealistic perception of reality is manifested. In the course of the study, the author concludes that the main philosophical basis of Ozerov’s economic views can be con-sidered idealistic materialism.
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Kuzmenko, Grigory N. "The Principles of Scientific Humanism I.T. Frolov in the Context of the Development of Modern Humanistic Thought." Social’naya politika i sociologiya 20, no. 4 (141) (December 29, 2021): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2021-20-4-152-159.
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The postmodern trend of modern philosophical thought has actualized the problem of human nature. The attention of researchers is attracted by traditional philosophical alternatives, including alternatives within the humanistic direction. Hence the interest in the philosophical creativity of the representative of this trend in the USSR in the 70–80 years of the XX century, I.T. Frolov. The scientist proposed a synthesis of natural science and socio-humanitarian knowledge based on philosophical anthropology. The principles formulated by him formed the basis of a new form of philosophical humanism–scientific humanism. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the work of I.T. Frolov and other major humanist thinkers of the XX century in the course of their reflection on socioanthropological challenges. The analysis of the philosophical heritage of I.T. Frolov in the context of the development of modern humanistic thought allows us to reach a new level of conceptualization of theories related to human philosophy and, thereby, improve the quality of scientific research.
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Billah, Motasim, Nadia Majeed, Samah Fatima Qasarani, Namra Asif, Aqsa Mazhar, and Asma Ashraf. "The Splenic Artery and Segmental Branches Morphometric Study in Humanoid Cadaver Spleens by Method of Dissection." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 968–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167968.
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In the human body; the major lymphatic organ is the spleen supplied by the splenic artery, the main division of the celiac trunk. It crosses the lienorenal ligament and approaches the spleen hilum where it splits into 2-3 main branches, each of which divides mainly into 2-4 secondary branches. Also, inferior and superior polar arteries arise from the primary branches or splenic trunk and pass into the spleen pole without entrance in the hilum. The purpose of this analysis was to understand the segmental branches morphometry of the polar and splenic arteries. Methods: The analysis was performed on 86 spleens collected from adult human cadavers of not known gender, stored in formalin 10% solution obtained from the Anatomy and Forensic Medicine Department, by dissection. Place and Duration: In the department of anatomy, Multan Medical and Dental College and Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi for six months duration, from August 2021 to January 2022. Results: In 59 (68.6%) spleen samples; there were 2 primary branches, 23 (26.7%) samples have three primary branches, and 4 (4.7%) specimens have four primary branches. 20 (23.3%) samples have superior polar arteries, 34 (39.5%) have inferior polar arteries, and both inferior and superior polar arteries in 7 (8.1%) samples. The superior polar artery length varies from 0.8-5.51 cm, with 2.80 cm of average length and 2.4 cm median length. The inferior polar artery length ranged from 0.9-5.90 cm, with 3.17 cm of average length and 3.30 cm median length. The superior PB diameter ranged from 0.8-4.12 mm, with 2.20 mm average length and 2.4 mm median length. The mean diameter of middle PB ranged from 0.8 mm to 3.6 mm, with an average of 2.10 mm and 2.4 mm median length. The PB inferior diameter ranged from 0.6 mm to 4.4 mm, with an average of 2.13 mm and 2.10 mm median length. The superior polar artery diameter ranged from 0.5-3.1 mm, with 1.40 mm average length and 1.4 mm of median. The inferior polar artery diameter varies from 0.5-2.9 mm, with 1.3 mm of an average diameter with 1.4 mm median. Conclusions: As various splenic sparing surgeries depend on better information of the vascular anatomy of the spleen, this analysis enhances the current information about the segmental branches’ morphometry of the splenic artery. Keywords: Splenic artery, Polar artery and Segmental branches
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Kravets, Igor A. "Dignitatis Humanae and Human Rights in Philosophical and Legal Existence and in Contemporary Constitutionalism: Division and Reunification." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 39, no. 3 (2023): 445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.304.
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The article analyzes the concept of “human dignity” in the context of philosophical and legal existence; scientific and philosophical identification of dignity as a polysemantic concept allows us to state its universal value and consider it as a universal legal and ethical category. The research work reveals the views of modern philosophers and lawyers on the nature and role of dignity in relation to human rights. The aim is to study the philosophical foundations and legal aspects of human dignity, to highlight the conceptual foundations of dialogue and the co-existence of human dignity and human rights in modern philosophical and legal discussions. The polysemy and polymorphism of human dignity is combined with a wealth of concepts of dignity, especially in modern constitutional jurisprudence and the practice of constitutionalism, and a unified theoretical basis for the relationship between individual dignity and human rights. The author used general and specific research methods, including methods of dialectics, inductive-deductive analysis, legal hermeneutics and legal engineering and a discursive approach, critical rationalism, and legal realism. Conclusions: dignity as a philosophical and legal category in modern discussions has several of the most important hypostases, reflecting the fundamental categorical meaning: a) the category of ethics and humanistic understanding of man; b) a legal category with a significant variety of legal forms of consolidation at the international, supranational and domestic levels, in the branches of legal regulation; c) a historically changeable category, affecting both the evolution of ethics and law, the legal status of individuals. The article proposes four approaches to the relationship between human rights and human dignity, which are based on four concepts of human dignity: 1) dignity as a gift and heritage; 2) dignity as a social achievement and social honor; 3) dignity as human capacity; 4) dignity as human potential.
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Honcharenko, Olha. "PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION IN LVIV-WARSAW SCHOOL. THE PHILOSOPHICAL CULTURE PROJECT AND THE IDEA OF UNIVERSITY." Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "The Theory of Culture and Philosophy of Science", no. 64 (December 29, 2021): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2306-6687-2021-64-07.
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Lviv‐Warsaw School (LWS) promoted philosophical culture project in society. Key values of this project were worldview, moral ideal, self cognition and critical thinking. LWS also attached great importance to the idea of university. LWS representatives contributed to solving the problems of the ideal university and its autonomy, academic freedom and communication, as well as place and importance of philosophy in university studies. Such issues as idea of university and philosophical culture are among main problems in philosophy of education. The aim of this article is to examine solving of these problems by LWS and thus, to argue that LWS has its philosophical conception of education. The first part of the paper arranges elements of LWS philosophical cultures, based on works of its members. It also reveals that, according to representatives of LWS, a worldview is a pointer in human life and a basis for scientific worldview; moral ideal is associated with moral autonomy and ethical creativity; self‐cognition is a natural desire of humans to cognize their “I”; criticism is a human ability to demonstrate independence of his or her ideas. The second part of this paper discloses the framework of LWS’s idea of university, based on its representatives` works. It shows that, according to them, unity of research and study is a timeless spiritual value of university; university autonomy is a prerequisite for highest spiritual benefits; academic freedom and communication is a prerequisite for meeting the ideal of university; philosophy is either a worldview or a science. The article is an extension of the article “Philosophy of Education in Lviv‐Warsaw School. Twardowski’s and his Students’ Philosophical Conceptions of Education”. Filozoficzne Problemy Edukacji. 2020 (3). This article analyses LWS’s contribution to philosophy of education through both Polish and Ukrainian branches.
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Sun, Jingjing, and Yi Lin. "Assessing the Allometric Scaling of Vectorized Branch Lengths of Trees with Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Quantitative Structure Modeling: A Case Study in Guyana." Remote Sensing 15, no. 20 (October 18, 2023): 5005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15205005.
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Allometric scaling is closely related to the morphology, function and behavior of trees, which are of great significance to the study of ecology. However, most of the traditional allometric scaling studies used the scalar attributes of trees, without considering the 3D vector mode of tree growth. In order to investigate the allometric relationships between branch lengths in 3D vector mode, in this study, an accurate and detailed quantitative structure model was used to reconstruct tree architectures from 3D point cloud data collected by terrestrial laser scanning and extract the structural parameters of each branch (length, branching level and zenith angle). The standardized major axis was used to establish and analyze the scalar and vector allometric relationships between branch lengths. Our results show that at the same branching level and using the same allometric model, the scaling exponents between the lengths of branches and the lengths of cumulative child (descendant) branches (no matter whether the lengths are in scalar or vector form) are similar among trees, and there is no significant difference between the scaling exponents of most trees. And the scaling exponents between the lengths of the horizontal components of branches and the cumulative lengths of the horizontal components of the child (descendant) branches are much larger than those between the lengths of the vertical components of branches and the cumulative lengths of vertical components of the child (descendant) branches. At different branching levels, the scaling exponents between the lengths of branches and the cumulative lengths of descendant branches tend to decrease with the increase in the branching level. The allometric models in terms of the cumulative lengths of horizontal components of the child (descendant) branches and the allometric models in terms of the cumulative lengths of child (descendant) branches have similar model accuracy and scaling exponents. The study results of allometric relationships between tree branch lengths in 3D mode are of great importance for understanding the crown morphology and the branching rule, which is helpful to further understand the growth strategies and adaptation mechanisms of trees and explain the growth and development mechanisms of trees from a physiological perspective.
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Siraj, Fuad Mahbub, and Zikraini Alrah. "The Concept of Islamic Aesthetic of Abdul Hadi WM." KALAM 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/klm.v16i2.14648.
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This study aims to see how the concept of Islamic aesthetics in the thought of Abdul Hadi WM. Aesthetics is an interesting discourse to study because aesthetics is one of the five branches of philosophy that relate to values that are contained in something or arise from human actions. Although the values contained in aesthetics are very important and are always relevant in human life, the fact is that aesthetics receive less attention in philosophical studies. One reason is the narrow view that aesthetics is only related to art. Abdul Hadi WM sees an important aesthetic in the realm of philosophy and is related to human aesthetic experience. Islamic aesthetics essentially refers to the expression of religious values and can bring awareness to the spiritual realm
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Al-Busafi, Saleh N., Salim H. Al-Saidi, Amani I. Al-Riyami, and Nawal S. Al-Manthary. "Comparison of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Four Essential Oils Extracted from Different Parts of Juniperus excelsa." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 21, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol21iss1pp7-15.
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The chemical contents and compositions of four essential oils extracted from leaves, branches, fruits and gum-resin of Juniperus excelsa from Jabal Al-Akhdhar in the Sultanate of Oman were studied using infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). IR analysis revealed the presence of C-H, O-H, C=C and C=O functionality bonds with varied intensities. The GC-MS study showed the occurrence of 35 different monoterpenes of which 11 (31.43%) monoterpenes were shared by the four oils. α-Pinene was detected in branches and gum-resin oils as a major compound with different proportions (80.50% in gum oil and 79.03% in branches oil). The major component in leaf and fruit oils was the monoterpene limonene with proportions of 50.46% and 42.51%, respectively. Sesquiterpenes exist in leaf, branch and fruit essential oils but not in gum-resin oil. The essential oil of the leaves showed stronger antioxidant and radical scavenging activities than the other oils.
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Madhukar, Dr Lahange Sandeep. "Review Study on Concept of Aatma in Aastik Darshan." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 1718–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45553.
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Abstract: Ayurveda is a long-established Science along with enormous philosophical concepts as a base, experience of practice through keen interpretation for prognosis and treatment, research, logical thinking and all these are passed on for generations; hence is experienced based science with its own concepts and methods of exploration. The living body is responsible performance by the Purusha or Jeevatma. Acharya Charaka mention that Sattva (Mind), Aatma (Soul) and Sharir (Body) as Tridand Sharir in first chapter of Sutrasthan. These are the tripod of human body in which all the universal factors along with Jeevatma (omnipresent observer) is present. These three are like a tripod; the world is sustained by their combination. They constitute the substratum for everything. According to Hindu philosophy, the systems of philosophy are divided into two main classes, namely, Aastik (Atheist) philosophy and Nastik philosophy. Buddhist, Jain, and Charvaka these 3 are Nastik philosophy which has been not accepted Veda as fundamental consideration. The follower of Sanatan Dharma is divided into the 6 branches as Sankhya, Yoga, Vedanta, Mimansa, Nyaya and Vaisheshika. This is commonly known as Shada Darshan. The views of all these philosophers regarding the Aatma are mentioned here.
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Hamdani, Zaid, and Mohammad Taufiq Rahman. "Rationalism in Harun Nasution’s Epistemology of Islamic Law." FOCUS 3, no. 1 (June 7, 2022): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/focus.v3i1.5823.
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The term 'epistemology' is a term directly related to the field of philosophical debate. As one of the branches of philosophy, it studies science in terms of its definition, the establishment of its types, the determination of its sources and channels and the identification of its limits and limitations. Although these epistemological questions are commonly used in the disciplines of philosophy and the sciences, for some scholars they are also relevant and useful in the field of Islamic law. The following brief study will attempt to elaborate on the epistemological theory of Islamic law by analyzing the thoughts of a prominent Islamic scholar, Harun Nasution, an expert in Islamic philosophy and theology.
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Menezes Filho, Antonio Carlos Pereira de, Wendel Cruvinel de Sousa, and Carlos Frederico de Souza Castro. "Composição química dos óleos essenciais de Schinus molle e atividade antifúngica em Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 16, no. 3 (June 9, 2020): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n3.a377.
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Schinus molleis popularly known as aroeira-salsa, with aromaticleaves and branches. The present study wasto evaluate the chemical composition ofthe essential oils fromthe branches and leaves from S. molleand,antifungal activity on the isolate fromSclerotinia sclerotiorum(white mold).The branches and leaves were collected and processed to extractessential oils by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger type apparatus. The yields from essential oils extraction,and their chemical profiles were evaluated by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry.The essential oils yields were 0.21 and 0.37%, with 16 and 21 compounds identified for the essential oils of the branches and leaves, respectively. The major compounds were δ-cadiene 21.77%, viridiflorol 21.74, copaene 12.9% and caryophyllene 9.99% for the essential oil of the branches, for essential oil of the leavesgermacrene D 39.00%, α-pinene 14.77%,and germacrene B 6.25%.The antifungal activity had mycelial inhibition in S. sclerotiorumin allevaluatedconcentrations, with emphasis on 100 μLmL-1,which had inhibition from86.4 and 81.3% for branches and leaves, respectively. The essential oils fromS. mollehad good yields and are rich in monoterpenics and sesquiterpenicscompounds, and have great efficacy inantifungal activity.
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Turner, Stephen P. "Webs of Belief or Practices: the Problem of Understanding." European Journal of Sociology 51, no. 3 (December 2010): 403–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975610000196.
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ObjectivityandThere is No Such Thingas a Social Science make an odd pair: one is a substantive historical discussion of a philosophical concept central to philosophy and to scientific practice and debate which provides an explanation of the history of the development and changes in the concept; the other is a defense of a philosophical position which in effect denies that any such explanation is possible, and attacks “the craving for explanation” as a philosophical disease whose major symptom is social science itself. Galison and Daston, the authors of Objectivity, are historians of science whose approach is connected to the “social study of science” without explicitly adopting any of its methodological theses. But in taking on the concept of objectivity they go to the philosophical heart of the scientific enterprise itself.
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Gedutis, Aldis. "FILOSOFIJA LIETUVOJE PO 1989: KĄ APIE TAI BYLOJA LIETUVIŠKI AKADEMINIAI ŽURNALAI?" Problemos 78 (January 1, 2010): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2010.0.1356.
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Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Lietuvos filosofijos būklė po 1989 metų. Pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas klausimui, ar po 1989 metų Lietuvoje atsirado filosofinė (s) tradicija (-os) bei mokykla (-os). Tyrimo objektas – lietuviški akademiniai žurnalai – „Problemos“, „Filosofija. Sociologija“ ir „Logos“. Chronologinė aprėptis –straipsniai, publikuoti nuo 1989 iki 2009 metų. Siekiama išnagrinėti lietuvių filosofų citavimo ir tarpusavio komunikavimo strategijas, esant galimybei ieškoti kriterijų, leidžiančių identifikuoti filosofinės tradicijos buvimą. Pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas šiems klausimams: kaip dažnai ir kokiu būdu lietuvių filosofai cituoja ir mini savo kolegas? ar citavimas ir kolegų (pa)minėjimas leidžia identifikuoti tradicijai būdingus santykius tarp Lietuvos filosofų? kurie lietuvių filosofai ir filosofiniai tekstai yra įtakingiausi ir dažniausiai naudojami? 1Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Lietuvos filosofija, filosofinė tradicija, filosofinė mokykla, citavimo indeksas, komunikacija filosofijoje.Philosophy in Lithuania after 1989: What do Lithuanian Academic Journals Reveal?Aldis Gedutis SummaryIn this study, the condition of Lithuanian philosophy after 1989 was analyzed. The attention is focused on the question whether any philosophical tradition(s) and/or school(s) have originated during the last 20 years. The object of the research was Lithuanian academic philosophical journals: Problemos, Filosofija.Sociologija and Logos. The chronological scope: articles published during the period 1989–2009. The major objective of the inquiry is to reveal and figure out citation and communication strategies in the discourse of Lithuanian academic philosophy and to identify the existence of philosophical tradition(school), if any. The major concern can be summarized by the following questions: what is the frequency of the colleagues’ citation? Are Lithuanian philosophers’ citation strategies sufficient to claim the fact of the existence of Lithuanian philosophical tradition (school)? What are the most influential Lithuanian philosophers and philosophical texts?Keywords: Lithuanian philosophy, philosophical tradition, philosophical school, citation index, communication in philosophy.
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Marler, Thomas E., and Jonathan H. Crane. "Increasing Scaffold Branch Angle of Atemoya by Manipulation of the Primary Bud Complex." HortScience 29, no. 7 (July 1994): 818–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.7.818.
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Lateral branches arising from the primary bud complex on limbs of containerized `Gefner' atemoya (Annona squamosa L. × A. cherimola Mill.) plants were removed to determine the influence of branch regrowth on the crotch angle. Pruning the lateral branches to a stub (cl cm) was more effective in inducing regrowth and increasing branch angle of the regrowth than stripping lateral branches by hand. Following lateral branch removal, regrowth did not develop from every node along a stem axis. In a second study, the angle of branch regrowth from tagged nodes following pruning of lateral branches was determined. The mean crotch angle of the primary lateral branches was 58°. Regrowth from the second and third supernumerary buds within each node produced branches with an average crotch angle of 72° and 88°, respectively. The largest increase in attachment angle following pruning was obtained at nodes with narrow primary lateral branches and at nodes located closest to the base of a major axis. The increase in branch crotch angle was not correlated with the size of the preceding lateral branch at a node. These results indicate that pruning off lateral branches with narrow crotch angles may be performed during training atemoya plants to produce scaffold limbs from supernumerary buds within the same nodes with desirably wide crotch angles.
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Yuefeng, Li, Yan Jinchuan, Wang Dongqing, Sun Meifang, Zhu Yan, Zhu Xiaolan, Jiang Ping, Yin Ruigen, and Zhao Liang. "Magnetic resonance study of the structure and function of the hippocampus and amygdala in patients with depression." Chinese Medical Journal 127, no. 20 (October 20, 2014): 3610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20132974.
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Background The hippocampus and amygdala exhibit structural and functional alterations in patients with depression. The objective of this study was to investigate the structural and functional relationships between these core regions. Methods Based on the severity of their condition, 60 patients and 20 healthy controls were equally divided into four groups (mild group, moderate group, major group and health controls group), scanned by T1-MR, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Structural image, BOLD image, and SWI image were collected for processing and analysis. The characteristics of the depression and controls were checked by analysis of variance test, and the difference between groups was checked by Dunnett's test. Results The volume of hippocampus and amygdala varied with the severity of the condition. The signal obtained under the stimulation of negative events was linearly decreased in the mild, moderate and major groups revealed by fMRI. The length and diameter of the lateral ventricle vein was reduced in the mild group, whereas the number of branches increased. In the moderate and major groups, the reduction in the length, diameter and increase in the number of branches of the lateral ventricle vein were greater. Conclusion The alterations of the volume, fMRI, and cerebral veins in these core regions may account for the causal relationship between structure and function.