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Journal articles on the topic 'Major accounting practices'
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Nyide, Celani John, and Lawrence Mpela Lekhanya. "Environmental management accounting practices: major control issues." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 3 (2016): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i3c3p6.
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The use of environmental management accounting (EMA) remains debated in South Africa and the literature reveals that EMA is still at an infancy stage in the emerging economies, including South Africa. Currently, there is limited existing research on environmental management accounting practices available for use by the hotel sector in South Africa. The overall aim of this study was to investigate and describe the use of the environmental management accounting tools by the hotel sector in the 3-5 star categories in KwaZulu-Natal. The research was an exploratory study and qualitative in nature using a single case study with embedded units approach. It is envisaged that study will bridge the gap that exists in South Africa as far as environmental management accounting is concerned and it will also make the provision of meaningful results for policy decision making by the relevant stakeholders in the hotel industry. Moreover, it established factors that drive and/or hinder the implementation of EMA tools that would control and manage environmental costs and their root causes
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Braithwaite, Michael. "Information Technology Consultancy from the Accounting Viewpoint." Journal of Information Technology 2, no. 1 (March 1987): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839628700200106.
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Accounting practices are large, influential and growing rapidly. This chapter reviews very briefly the activities in a major accounting practice. The contribution of information technology to our work is discussed and some of the particular features of an information technology consultancy within that environment are reviewed.
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Larson, Robert K., and Karen L. Brown. "Where Are We with Long-Term Contract Accounting?" Accounting Horizons 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2004.18.3.207.
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In response to practices by major U.S. corporations, the SEC and the FASB initiated major revenue recognition projects. This commentary examines the accounting for long-term contracts, an aspect of revenue recognition often overlooked in academic research. The exploratory study reported here describes current practices and disclosures about long-term contracts by Fortune 500 corporations, examines the level of comparability in these disclosures, and provides explanations for current practices.
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Narayanaswamy, R., K. Raghunandan, and Dasaratha V. Rama. "Corporate Governance in the Indian Context." Accounting Horizons 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 583–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-50179.
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SYNOPSIS We provide a brief overview of corporate governance in India, including a description of Indian contextual differences (as compared to the U.S. and elsewhere) and a discussion of the major events contributing to the evolution of India's corporate governance/accounting/auditing practices since economic deregulation in 1991. We also offer an agenda for future research on important Indian governance/accounting/auditing issues, and briefly address accounting practice implications.
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Solas, Cigdem, and Ismail Otar. "THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM PRACTICED IN THE NEAR EAST DURING THE PERIOD 1220–1350 BASED ON THE BOOK RISALE-I FELEKIYYE." Accounting Historians Journal 21, no. 1 (June 1, 1994): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.21.1.117.
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This study examines the governmental accounting practice in the Near East during the Il-Khan Dynasty period (1120–1350 A.D.). The survey is based on a handwritten manuscript, Risale-i Felekiyye. The accounting system introduced in the Risale-i Felekiyye is an elaborate governmental accounting system. The system was based on seven major books and a number of special journals. Documents used in the system formed the basis for recording events in the books. Furthermore, the system included concepts and rules for accounting and resulted in a final report. This accounting system emerged primarily from social and economic necessities caused by agricultural and fiscal reforms introduced by Ghazan Khan in 1295–1304. As a result of these reforms, budgeting practices and accounting regulation by the state were introduced to control state tax revenues and expenditures and to prevent fraud. These regulations introduced the use of a single monetary unit for recording, the use of an accounting fiscal period, duality, classification, substance, procedural rules which introduced a bilateral journal entry form, agency account rules, and correction and control rules. Also the rule of “revenues have to be equal to expenditures” presented itself as a balance sheet identity equation. These regulations, however, were not based on the accrual principle; instead, a cash basis of accounting was the recognized practice. The study concludes that the rudiments of double-entry accounting were practiced in the Near East and were developed independently from the accounting practices used in the West.
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Shelton, Sandra Waller, O. Ray Whittington, and David Landsittel. "Auditing Firms' Fraud Risk Assessment Practices." Accounting Horizons 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2001.15.1.19.
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The effectiveness of audits in detecting fraudulent misstatements in financial statements is of major concern to the auditing profession. This concern led to the issuance of Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 82, which made several changes in the manner in which auditors are required to consider the risk of material misstatements due to fraud. This manuscript reports the results of a study of the practices of CPA firms in implementing SAS No. 82. We compared audit manuals and practice aids and interviewed firm personnel from all of the Big 5 firms and two second-tier firms. Results of this study indicate that audit firms differ as to (1) whether their practice aids for fraud risk assessment are separate or integrated with other risk assessment practice aids, (2) the timing of the fraud risk assessment, and (3) the method of assessing fraud risk. Furthermore, although all of the firms studied include all of the SAS No. 82 factors in their audit practice aids, certain other fraud risk factors identified in academic research are not included in firm practice aids.
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Ndemewah, Sinclear R., Kevin Menges, and Martin R. W. Hiebl. "Management accounting research on farms: what is known and what needs knowing?" Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 15, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 58–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-05-2018-0044.
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PurposeIt is difficult to develop an overall picture of the practice of management accounting (MA) in farms and farm enterprises (FEs) because little research has been published on the topic, and these studies are mostly discrete and unconnected to the others. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the available research, develop an explanatory framework for MA practices in farming entities and identify some major avenues for future research on the topic.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses systematic literature review methods. After an extensive database search and an examination of references/citations, 41 empirical journal articles published between 1964 and 2016 are identified, described and analyzed in this research paper.FindingsThe findings reveal that the practice of MA in farms is subject to information problems and that the empirical research on this topic largely lacks a theoretical explanation. Therefore, the explanatory framework of MA practices in farming entities reveals that these practices are subject to influencing factors such as familism, government farm policies, market competition, technological changes, the seasons and the weather/climate.Research limitations/implicationsThe overall limited findings on the practice of MA in FEs indicate that caution should be taken when generalizing the current knowledge on the use of MA practices in other organizational forms to farming entities. Moreover, future research should draw on explicit theories to explain empirical results.Originality/valueThis paper is the first comprehensive literature review of studies on MA practices in farms and FEs.
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Figlewicz, Raymond E., Donald T. Anderson, and C. David Strupeck. "THE EVOLUTION AND CURRENT STATE OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS AND STANDARDS IN THE NONBUSINESS SECTOR." Accounting Historians Journal 12, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.12.1.73.
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This article presents a condensed history of significant post 1900 developments in nonbusiness financial accounting practices and standards, and highlights some of the major issues in the recent increase in interest and activity in nonbusiness accounting. It includes consideration of federal, state, and local government units along with various types of nongovernmental nonbusiness entities. The initial section of the article traces both the development of fund accounting techniques and the discovery of their inadequacies. Next, the article discusses developments in standard-setting and the search for a sound theoretical foundation. Finally, it presents a current profile of nonbusiness accounting. The article implies that nonbusiness accounting can no longer be treated as a secondary consideration. The nonbusiness sector is a major component of the environment that requires sound financial accounting and reporting standards and practices.
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Zuckweiler, Kathryn M., Kirsten M. Rosacker, and Suzanne K. Hayes. "Business students’ perceptions of corporate governance best practices." Corporate Governance 16, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-08-2015-0117.
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Purpose This paper aims to develop a better understanding of business students' perceptions of the relative importance of corporate governance best practices within the context of major area of study and compare student rankings of corporate governance best practices to those of working professionals. Design/methodology/approach Using a previously published survey, data were collected from business students at two Midwestern US universities and analyzed using factor analysis. Findings This research demonstrated that students rank strategic human resource management as the most important corporate governance practice, matching the perceptions of professionals. Accounting majors report significantly greater understanding of corporate governance, the importance of corporate governance to business and the role of understanding corporate governance in their careers as compared to management majors. Research limitations/implications This study is limited by the inclusion of business students at only two US universities. Further studies should be conducted to better understand the similarities and differences between students and professionals and accounting and management majors in their perceptions of corporate governance best practices. Practical implications Managers can use these findings to enhance the training recent college graduates receive on corporate governance topics. Business schools can use these findings to evaluate ways to embed corporate governance throughout the curriculum. Originality/Value This research highlights gaps in current business school curriculum coverage of corporate governance best practices. It compares and contrasts students' and professionals' perceptions of best practices and offers suggestions for managers and educators.
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Macintosh, Norman B. "“EFFECTIVE” GENEALOGICAL HISTORY: POSSIBILITIES FOR CRITICAL ACCOUNTING HISTORY RESEARCH." Accounting Historians Journal 36, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.36.1.1.
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This essay, following up on the recent Sy and Tinker [2005] and Tyson and Oldroyd [2007] debate, argues that accounting history research needs to present critiques of the present state of accounting's authoritative concepts and principles, theory, and present-day practices. It proposes that accounting history research could benefit by adopting a genealogical, “effective” history approach. It outlines four fundamental strengths of traditional history – investigate only the real with facts; the past is a permanent dimension of the present; history has much to say about the present; and the past, present, and future constitute a seamless continuum. It identifies Nietzsche's major concerns with traditional history, contrasts it with his genealogical approach, and reviews Foucault's [1977] follow up to Nietzsche's approach. Two examples of genealogical historiography are presented – Williams' [1994] exposition of the major shift in British discourse regarding slavery and Macintosh et al.'s [2000] genealogy of the accounting sign of income from feudal times to the present. The paper critiques some of the early Foucauldian-based accounting research, as well as some more recent studies from this perspective. It concludes that adopting a genealogical historical approach would enable accounting history research to become effective history by presenting critiques of accounting's present state.
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Wilkinson, Brett, Vicky Arnold, and Steve G. Sutton. "Understanding the Socialization Strategies of the Major Accountancy Firms." Accounting and the Public Interest 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 58–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/api.2003.3.1.58.
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The Enron debacle, coupled with other high-profile frauds, has raised critical questions about the nature of firm environments and why firm members did not question faulty audit practices. Among these questions is the role of organizational culture in promoting a standard of blindly following team leaders. Evidence suggests that enculturation processes begin even before newly recruited accounting laborers become members. Prior studies note the need for research examining organizational socialization processes in accountancy firms (Fogarty 1992) and the general work conditions of contemporary accounting labor (Roslender 1996). This study expands upon these prior studies through additional examination of the socialization processes used by accountancy firms in the enculturation of new accounting laborers. Fogarty's (1992) application of institutional theory to socialization in audit firms is examined through an interpretivist study of accountancy firms' recruiting brochures, web pages, and human resources magazines. The results indicate a systemic application of enculturation behaviors by all of the Big 5 accountancy firms in their U.S. recruitment and retention processes in the period preceding the unveiling of the Enron fraud.
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Merchant, Kenneth A., and Wim A. Van der Stede. "Field-Based Research in Accounting: Accomplishments and Prospects." Behavioral Research in Accounting 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria.2006.18.1.117.
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This paper tabulates the field-based research in accounting that was published in the period 1981–2004 and discusses the use of this method and its contributions. It shows that the number of field research publications has grown significantly over this period but that use of the method is primarily confined to management accounting topics. The paper describes the major impacts that field research has had on the management accounting field, particularly in identifying leading edge practices and enhancing their scholarly exploration, thereby contributing to our understanding of the phenomena we research and linking our research with practice. We also suggest that similar contributions might be made if researchers in other fields employed field research methods more.
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Widyawati, Widyawati, and Ardiani Ika S. "PERBEDAAN PERSEPSI AKUNTAN PUBLIK, AKUNTAN PENDIDIK, DAN MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI TERHADAP KODE ETIK IKATAN AKUNTAN INDONESIA." JURNAL AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jauj.v9i1.1235.
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Accounting profession should always act with due observance of professional ethics IAI. How far the accounting profession in upholding the ethical code of practice will be looked at do. Because of the better practices conducted by the accountant in the performance of duties, then the better the perception that the code of ethics will be presented to the IAI. And knowledge of ethics is the foundation for the accountants to behave ethically or not. In addition, accounting education major effect on ethical behavior of accountants. This study aims to determine differences in perceptions of the Code of Ethics for Public Accountants, Accounting Educators, and Student Accounting.
The population in the study year 2010 is all public accountant who worked at Public Accounting Firm (KAP) in Semarang, Accounting educators and students of accounting at the University of particularly public and private schools are UNIKA, Diponegoro University, and UNISULLA. The samples totaling 164 people, consisting of 54 public accountants, 27 accountants accounting educators and 83 students. The variable in this study is persepsi public accountant (XI), accounting educators (X2), and accounting students (X3) to the code of conduct based on ethical principles and rules of ethical accounting profession compartment in the code of ethics of public accountants IAI. Data analysis method was used to test the quality of data that include test validity, test reliability, test the classical assumption.
Results of research by descriptive analysis showed that the percentage of the average public accountants, educators and students of accounting akuntan equally positive thinking, both to the principles of professional ethics of accountants and public accountants compartment ethics rules in the code of ethics IAI. The hypothesis test results for the first hypothesis can be seen that Sign value 0.000
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Musvoto, Saratiel Wedzerai. "Implications Of The Homomorphism Definition Of Measurement On Accounting Measurement Theory." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v10i5.4228.
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This study compares the principles of the representational theory of measurement with accounting practices to decipher the reasons creating a gap between accounting measurement practices and the scientific practices of measurement. Representational measurement establishes measurement in social scientific disciplines such as accounting. The discussion in this study focuses on the need for accounting to provide principled arguments to justify its status as a measurement discipline. The arguments made highlight the need for possible modifications of the accounting measurement concept to deal with issues that are at least partially philosophical in nature, such as the concept of error and the passing of value representations from finite to continuum. These problems are primarily conceptual in nature. They indicate that accounting is far from a measurement discipline. Their resolution could require major changes to the accounting concept of measurement.
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Kostyuk, Alexander. "Board practices: An international review." Corporate Ownership and Control 1, no. 1 (2003): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv1i1p7.
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The paper considers board practices in the Ukraine and developed countries such as the USA, the UK, Germany and Japan. Investigation on the board practices in the Ukraine is the first ever has been conducted. As a result of investigation undertaken, major conclusions have been made. The most important of them is that the German model is getting spread in the Ukraine from year to year. Major evidences are small number of independent directors on the board, low frequency of meeting of the board, small number of committees on the board, the management board influences the supervisory board. The main reason of closing the board practices in the Ukraine to those in Germany is increase in concentration of ownership that is following with increase in corporate control, violation of the minority shareholders’ rights, increase in number of conflicts of interests and decrease in transparency of the Ukrainian joint stock companies.
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Endenich, Christoph, Andreas Hoffjan, Teresa Schlichting, and Rouven Trapp. "Harmonizing management accounting in international subsidiaries: beyond national borders." Journal of Business Strategy 37, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-10-2014-0127.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore if and how companies strive for a harmonization of management accounting systems in their international business units to support company-wide consistent strategy implementation and to analyze the underlying drivers and pitfalls. Our paper is motivated by the tension between the need for consistent strategy implementation in the different international business units of multinational companies and the traditional differences in management accounting practices across countries. Design/methodology/approach – The field study comprised semi-structured in-depth interviews with management accounting experts in selected German and Spanish business units of 15 major German multinational companies. Findings – The authors identified strong efforts for company-wide harmonization of management accounting practices and found that beside explicit initiatives set by corporate headquarters, more implicit pressures such as the education of management accountants, the work of global consultancies and the use of standardized ERP-systems constitute strong drivers of the identified harmonization. Practical implications – The findings highlight implicit pressures as important drivers of the harmonization of management accounting systems in the international business units of multinational companies. Taking these implicit pressures into consideration can help multinational companies striving for a harmonization of business unit management accounting for consistent strategy implementation. Originality/value – Building on a unique sample of pairs of German and Spanish business units of 15 major German companies, the field study explores harmonization practices and its drivers in multinational companies.
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Epps, Kathryn K., and William F. Messier. "Engagement Quality Reviews: A Comparison of Audit Firm Practices." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 26, no. 2 (November 1, 2007): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aud.2007.26.2.167.
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Engagement quality (concurring partner) review is an important part of the audit review process. It is one quality control mechanism used by public accounting firms to monitor the quality of audit engagements. The engagement quality reviewer serves as an evaluator of the performance of the engagement partner and engagement team. Concerns about the effectiveness of existing firm concurring partner review practices have led to increased partner sanctions imposed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In addition, Section 103 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 directs the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) to develop an auditing standard on engagement quality review. This practice note reports on an analysis of six major firms' written guidance and practice aids for engagement quality review. Our comparison of the firms' guidance shows some differences in the assignment of engagement quality reviewer, the participation of the engagement quality reviewer in audit planning, the extensiveness of practice aids, and the involvement of engagement quality reviewer during the course of audit engagements. Lastly, we identify a number of research questions and practice implications.
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Ferri, Paolo, Shannon I. L. Sidaway, and Garry D. Carnegie. "The paradox of accounting for cultural heritage: a longitudinal study on the financial reporting of heritage assets of major Australian public cultural institutions (1992–2019)." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 34, no. 4 (January 20, 2021): 983–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-01-2019-3807.
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PurposeThe monetary valuation of cultural heritage of a selection of 16 major public, not-for-profit Australian cultural institutions is examined over a period of almost three decades (1992–2019) to understand how they have responded to the paradoxical tensions of heritage valuation for financial reporting purposes.Design/methodology/approachAccounting for cultural heritage is an intrinsically paradoxical practice; it involves a conflict of two opposite ways of attributing value: the traditional accounting and the heritage professionals (or curatorial) approaches. In analysing the annual reports and other documentary sources through qualitative content analysis, the study explores how different actors responded to the conceptual and technical contradictions posed by the monetary valuation of “heritage assets”, the accounting phraseology of accounting standards.FindingsFour phases emerge from the analysis undertaken of the empirical material, each characterised by a distinctive nature of the paradox, the institutional responses discerned and the outcomes. Although a persisting heterogeneity in the practice of accounting for cultural heritage is evident, responses by cultural institutions are shown to have minimised, so far, the negative impacts of monetary valuation in terms of commercialisation of deaccessioning decisions and distorted accountability.Originality/valueIn applying the theoretical lens of paradox theory in the context of the financial reporting of heritage, as assets, the study enhances an understanding of the challenges and responses by major public cultural institutions in a country that has led this development globally, providing insights to accounting standard setters arising from the accounting practices observed.
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Winograd, Barry N., James S. Gerson, and Barbara L. Berlin. "Audit Practices of PricewaterhouseCoopers." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 19, no. 2 (September 1, 2000): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aud.2000.19.2.176.
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This paper discusses the development of the PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit Approach (PwCAA), identifies distinctive features of this approach, and provides information on new development areas. The discussion will provide a summary of each of these items and will focus on the distinctive features of the PwCAA. The article will not cover elements that appear to be consistent with other firm methodologies. Significant consistencies exist since all of the major international firms essentially operate under generally accepted auditing standards, i.e., the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as established by the International Federation of Accountants. In the United States, they also comply with generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS) as established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA).
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Faccia, A., and D. Mosco. "Understanding the Nature of Accounts Using Comprehensive Tools to Understand Financial Statements." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 3, no. 3 (2019): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.3(3).18-27.2019.
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Accounting is an integral part of the financial and economic activity of economic entities, regardless of the type of activity and industry in which the enterprise operates. This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments in the scientific discussion regarding the nature of accounts in accounting practice. The purpose of the study is to deepen the analysis of European financial accounting practices, in particular in the context of the use of methodological support for the classification of the nature of accounts. Particular emphasis is placed on the evolution of accounting practices: an analysis of the major evolutionary stages that have occurred in different historical periods in accordance with the social needs of society and the economic and financial consequences of such transformational changes. The systematization of literary sources on the subject made it possible to identify three key stages of the evolutionary development of accounting and the essential nature of accounts, in particular: 1) the prerequisites for the emergence of financial and accounting, confirmed by a written accounting record dated 1494; 2) implementation of business continuity accounting based on the use of adjusting records and in-depth study of the nature and nature of accounts; 3) substantiation of the practical implementation of the triple record based on the implementation of blockchain technology. Based on the theoretical studies, the author substantiates the need to use in accounting practice a three-dimensional method of accounting by economic entities, which will more accurately reflect the financial transactions carried out by the company and avoid possible economic mistakes. The study postulates the need to integrate the third book within the accounting system. Summarizing, the author substantiates the need to develop in the future convergent methods of balancing the dual accounting system and maintaining accounts with the third book. Keywords: financial and economic activity, financial reporting, accounting, double-entry, evolutionary development.
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Seneviratne, S. M. Chaturika, and Gayasha Kalpani. "Environmental management accounting and waste management practices: A case of a manufacturing company." Annals of Management and Organization Research 2, no. 2 (November 25, 2020): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/amor.v2i2.700.
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Abstract Purpose: This study examines how Environmental Management Accounting practices are related to waste management practices and how the organization in the case study is influenced in adopting the waste management practices Research methodology: The case study method was used in examining the applicability of Environmental Management Accounting to waste management in one large manufacturing company. Interviews, observations and archival documents were used as data collection methods. Results: The study observed that the company had reinvigorated environmental management and waste management practices due to the influence of the major stakeholders. These motivations can be categorized into three main pillars including coercive, mimetic, and normative isomorphisms. Limitations: As the research is directed towards the selection of in-depth inquiry of specific settings infused with culture, values, beliefs, stories, language, perception, politics and ideology, it might cause to diminish the researcher's analytical objectivity and independence of the research. Contribution: Policies, practices and motivations promote the future development of environmental management accounting and waste management practices in the Sri Lankan context.
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Lipman, Frederick D. "Summary of major corporate governance principles and best practices." International Journal of Disclosure and Governance 4, no. 4 (October 29, 2007): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jdg.2050064.
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Yoon, Sora. "A Study on the Transformation of Accounting Based on New Technologies: Evidence from Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 8669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208669.
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This study identifies the new accounting technologies into Cloud, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, and Blockchain, and introduces the case of Korean companies applying new technologies to their accounting process. The purpose of this study is to help understand accounting technologies and provide examples of the adoption of these technologies in actual practice. To achieve this aim of the study, a systematic review of the literature of the major academic publications and professional reports and websites was used as a research methodology. In order to select the cases, it performed the analytical process of reviewing Korean major business and economic newspaper articles. This study provides evidence from Korea to companies contemplating the transformation of their accounting process using technology. Such companies can consider the cases presented in this study as a benchmark. It also offers guidance for the application of technologies to accounting practices for businesses and related researchers. The technology transformation is expected to be accelerated, especially after COVID-19. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and explore ways to effectively apply them. Further, while new technologies offer many opportunities, associated risks and threats should be addressed.
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Martin-Sardesai, Ann, and James Guthrie. "Social report innovation: evidence from a major Italian bank 2007-2012." Meditari Accountancy Research 28, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-10-2018-0383.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it traces the development of social and environmental disclosure (SED) by identifying and reporting what national and international guidelines aligned to the voluntary disclosures of a major Italian case study organisation, a Bank. It will address the gap in relation to empirical SED studies in banking industries by reviewing in detail the case study Bank’s social report, for the period 2007 to 2012, thus giving insights into the phases of the SED journey. Second, the paper assesses how the social reports have changed over time and identifies the reasons for the change in form and content of disclosure over the period. As a rapidly developing accounting regulatory arena, studies of SED have the potential to examine many aspects of the development of accounting regulation. Design/methodology/approach The paper develops a theoretically informed analysis to track the history of social reports using the Idea Journey framework. The paper undertakes a content analysis of the Bank’s social reports to gain an understanding how and why the changes in social reports occurred during the period. Data sources for the study included historical data from academic literature, policy documents alongside the 2006 version of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and the 2008 GRI Financial Services Sector Supplements. Findings The findings reveal that the Bank’s social report was aligned to a variety of national and international institution’s directives and guidelines. It identifies the various elements that were at play in the preparation of the social report. The paper provides useful insights for academics, regulators and reporting organisations and highlights the need for a better understanding of social reporting practices, an antecedent to integrated reporting and the European directive and now regulation for non-financial information. Research limitations/implications This study provides a foundation for future research into the practices of Italian companies who produce integrated report and social and environmental reporting generally in light of the introduction of legislation mandating non-financial reporting. Originality/value The paper helps inform improvements in research, policy and practice by providing rich information in the stages in the development of social report, which has received limited attention in the extant literature. It also builds on innovation literature showing how the idea journey framework can be used to shape accounting research.
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Ashraf, Ambrine, Mohd Ayaz Bhat, and Mahrukh . "Childhood diarrhoea: assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices among mothers attending the tertiary care hospital - an observational analytical study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 4 (March 28, 2017): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171352.
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Background: Diarrhoea is a major killer of children under-five, accounting for about 8% of deaths. For children aged under-five years, a median of three episodes of diarrhea occur per child-year. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers of under-five children.Methods: All mothers of under-five years who attended out-patient department of Pediatrics within the study period were interviewed. A total 200 mothers were assessed regarding the knowledge, attitude and practices towards childhood diarrhoea. Results: Majority of mothers were aware of the definition and cause of diarrhoea (77% and 55% respectively). On the contrary, knowledge regarding preparation and use of home-made ORS was not known to majority of mothers. Regarding practices of mothers, 100% of mothers were using safe drinking water. However, only 60% and 30% practiced hand-washing after defecation and before handling food respectively. Conclusions: Mothers need to be encouraged to start ORS before consulting a doctor. Personal and food hygiene practices need to be improved among the study population.
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Yiğit, Sema, and Ahmet Mumcu. "Responsible sourcing practices in hazelnut industry." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 8, no. 1 (April 17, 2018): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v8i1.3294.
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Companies may play an important role to guarantee the supply of their basic raw materials and hereby to support sustainability. The aim of this study is to investigate the companies’ responsible sourcing practices in hazelnut industry in Turkey. Turkey is the world’s leading producer and exporter of hazelnuts, accounting for around 75% of the world’s supply. Survey, interview and analysis of secondary data method were used together. Responsible sourcing practices of companies were analysed into two parts as assessment and collaboration. Besides, under-age workers on hazelnut production are one of the major problems that companies have to struggle to prevent it in the context of responsible sourcing.
Keywords: Responsible sourcing, hazelnut, Turkey.
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O'connell, Paul F. "Sustainable Agriculture-a Valid Alternative." Outlook on Agriculture 21, no. 1 (March 1992): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709202100103.
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The concepts of sustainable agriculture have been much debated in recent years. The emphasis in this paper is on alternative farming practices that optimize on-farm techniques to control pests and satisfy nutrient requirements; and that address broader ecological and societal goals. This contribution focuses on the economic findings and barriers to adopting sustainable farming practices in the USA. These issues are of major concern to policymakers, agribusiness and producers. Shifts are occuring in American agriculture, but major adjustments in farming practices will not occur until farm policy is changed and economic, environmental, and social goals are fully incorporated into the accounting framework.
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Wygal, Donald E., and David E. Stout. "Shining a Light on Effective Teaching Best Practices: Survey Findings from Award-Winning Accounting Educators." Issues in Accounting Education 30, no. 3 (January 1, 2015): 173–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-51038.
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ABSTRACT This paper provides best practices evidence from a sample of accounting educators in the U.S. recognized formally for their teaching excellence. These teaching exemplars were surveyed and asked to list, in their own words and in ranked order of importance, “a minimum of three and up to five factors or qualities of your teaching that you believe have helped distinguish you as an effective teacher.” We received 453 responses to this question from our sample of 105 award-winning accounting educators. A content analysis of these responses suggests the following major characteristics of teaching effectiveness in accounting (in decreasing order of perceived importance): class session learning environment, student focus, preparation and organization, importance of the practice environment, passion and commitment to teaching (as a profession), and the design of the course learning environment. Response breakdowns suggest the existence of contextual effects: differences in importance ratings for selected characteristics of teaching effectiveness were observed with respect to respondent professorial rank, years of full-time teaching experience, and gender. Results shine a light on teaching effectiveness in accounting education providing, for the first time, both evidence of the perceived relative importance of specific characteristics, as well as insights on pedagogical knowledge to guide educator classroom pursuits.
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Sekerez, Vojislav. "Environmental Accounting as a Cornerstone of Corporate Sustainability Reporting." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 4, no. 1 (2017): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.41.1001.
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The major objective of this paper is to stress a role of environmental accounting in developing management’s strategic initiatives in the field of environmental protection. The socially responsible behavior of a company implies undertaking various activities for prevention, removal and minimizing the harmful effects on the environment. Such a responsible strategic approach ultimately leads to numerous cost savings, improvement in profitability and reputation and finally enables corporate sustainable development. In order to achieve its goal, this research will be methodologically based on the qualitative approach of published articles’ content analysis and the analysis of corporate practice in designing environmental accounting systems that allow better identification and control of costs and benefits related to environmental protection activities. Analysis of different accounting practices in producing financial and nonfinancial environmental information requires distinction between environmental financial and management accounting, given the fact that they create different types of information intended for internal and external users. Management needs such information for the purposes of identification and control of environmental protection costs, making decisions about the more efficient use of resources, projecting costs and benefits of further activities and attempts to increase company’s value through a socially responsible behavior. The expected results of this research should confirm the premise that increased awareness of the need of environmental protection and achieving sustainable development motivates companies for more frequently producing obligatory and voluntary external and internal reports about their environmental activities. At the same time, environmental accounting is supporting these initiatives, but we expect that in future new tools will be developed that will improve the quality and scope of its informational offer, which may be the area of potential for further research.
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Zahid, Fariha, and Anwar Khurshid. "WWF (Pakistan): A Major Shift Towards a New Appraisal and Compensation System." Asian Journal of Management Cases 17, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972820119845976.
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Hammad, the newly appointed Director General of World Wide Fund for Nature-Pakistan ( WWF- Pakistan), was musing over the decision regarding a major overhaul in some of their critical work practices. This decision was in response to the recent feedback received from the employees regarding the areas which needed to be improved in the organization. According to the given scenario, the majority of their employees were quite dissatisfied and demotivated over some of their human resource areas. Although Hammad was quite clear headed about the idea that a change was needed to take place in some of their key human resource practices, there were certain pros and cons involved in these decisions, which he wanted to discuss with his Senior Manager, Tahir. They both had their unanimous decision on the fact that if they wanted to retain a motivated and hardworking staff, their existing appraisal and compensation system needed to be aligned with the overall mission and organizational values of WWF. Whether they were ready to make this change, and how this change will reflect on their current system, were the main issues they wanted to address.
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Chen, Xiaofang, P. R. Weerathunga, Mohammad Nurunnabi, K. M. M. C. B. Kulathunga, and W. H. M. S. Samarathunga. "Influences of Behavioral Intention to Engage in Environmental Accounting Practices for Corporate Sustainability: Managerial Perspectives from a Developing Country." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 5266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135266.
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Environmental degradation is a serious global issue that has received increasing attention from scholars, policymakers, regulators, environmental activists, and the public as a whole. In the meantime, corporations have been criticized as major contributors to environmental pollution. Environmental accounting (EA) is a corporate practice that seeks to account for the cost of environmental impacts of business operations. However, it is questionable whether the true cost of environmental impacts of business operations is accounted for in the conventional accounting systems. In order to shed more light on this issue, this study examines key drivers of managerial intention to engage in EA practices in Sri Lanka. We employ the theory of planned behavior to conceptualize the antecedents of managers’ intention to engage in EA practices. The results of the partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) evaluation revealed that managers’ intention is significantly influenced by the attitudes towards EA practices, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Our results also indicate that a larger proportion of the variance of perceived behavioral control is explained by the perceived cost and complexity, perceived regulatory pressure, and organizational environmental orientation. The findings of this study provide important theoretical and practical implications for scholars, managers, and policymakers.
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Adhikari, Pawan, and Frode Mellemvik. "NEPALESE GOVERNMENTAL ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENT IN THE 1950s AND EARLY 1960s: AN ATTEMPT TO INSTITUTIONALIZE EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTING." Accounting Historians Journal 36, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.36.1.113.
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This paper aims at disseminating knowledge about the evolution of expenditure accounting in the government of Nepal. In doing so, the paper examines emerging ideas in the aftermath of the political change of 1951 in Nepal, and traces the processes of development and institutionalization of expenditure accounting during the course of two decades, the 1950s and early 1960s, with particular reference to the institutional forces at work. An interesting feature of Nepalese accounting reforms before and after the political change was the active participation of India, the United Nations, and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). At the outset of the post-Rana period, Indian advisors dominated the reform process and helped Nepal introduce and incorporate a range of modern administrative measures, including a new budgeting structure called line-item budgeting. The external influence on Nepal's reforms and the ways of installing new values in the administration altered in the second half of the 1950s. The United Nations and the USAID became the major agents in the introduction and institutionalization of rules and practices, especially accounting norms and procedures.
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Nkundabanyanga, Stephen Korutaro, Moses Muhwezi, and Venancio Tauringana. "Management accounting practices, governing boards and competitive advantage of Ugandan secondary schools." International Journal of Educational Management 32, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 958–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-02-2017-0034.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on the results of a study carried out to determine the use of Management Accounting Practices (MAPR) in Ugandan secondary schools. The study also sought to determine whether MAPR and governing boards (board size, gender diversity and frequency of board meetings) influence the perceived competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach This study is cross-sectional and correlational. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 200 secondary schools. The data were analysed through ordinary least squares regression using Statistical Package for Social Scientists. Findings There are wide variations in MAP in terms of the extent to which the schools employ management accounting techniques. Also, MAP and governing boards have a predictive force on the schools’ competitive advantage. However, governing board’s size has no effect on competitive advantage. In terms of the control variables, the results suggest that while government school ownership has a positive effect on competitive advantage, the school’s size has no effect. There are intertwining relationships of frequency of board meetings, board size and school size. Research limitations/implications The present study was limited to the secondary schools in Uganda which limits generalisability. Still, the results offer important implications for secondary schools’ governing boards, owners and for similar African governments who are a major stakeholder in the secondary school education system. The exact mechanism by which intertwining relationships of frequency of board meetings, board size and school size impact competitive advantage is not been explored in this paper. Future researchers may direct research effort in this endeavour. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate use of MAPR in secondary schools and to provide evidence of their efficacy.
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Boolaky, Pran Krishansing, Nitri Mirosea, and Kishore Singh. "On the regulatory changes in government accounting development in Indonesia." Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 8, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 387–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-10-2017-0097.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to inquire into the history of government accounting, using a well-grounded periodisation, in order to provide a chronology of government accounting development (GAD) in Indonesia from 1845 to 2015 focusing on development on accounting regulations and systems and practices in local government in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach It collects archival data and then uses a descriptive tradition of research to capture mainly regulatory changes affecting GAD from colonial to post-colonial period. Findings The paper reports major regulatory changes, evolution in local government accounting practice, development of government accounting standards (GASt) and converging GASs with international standards. Research limitations/implications This study is important to accounting historians and other academics because it provides a detailed chronicle of accounting regulatory changes in Indonesia which can be used for future research. The limitation(s) of this study is that is data collection which was not easily accessible and as results have to rely on various sources. Practical implications The study has an important practical implication. It has produced a time series register of regulatory changes affecting GAD in Indonesia. It can be used as a reference document in the National Library of Indonesia and also by academics for future research. Originality/value A times series register, for the first time, is produced which provides a comprehensive chronology of accounting development in Indonesia.
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Tuan Mat, Tuan Zainun, Ammar Syafiq Subri, and Fadzlina Mohd Fahmi. "The Miles and Snow Business Strategy Typology and the Adoption of Management Accounting Practices." Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal 16, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 233–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/apmaj.v16i2-09.
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Changes in the business environment requires that a company adopts a more adaptive strategy. A business strategy is not just about planning, but it needs to be supported with meaningful information. Management accounting complements a business strategy by providing crucial information, not just limited to cost efficiency, but customer satisfaction and quality management. However, the adoption of management accounting practices (MAPs) is believed to be influenced by strategy. Using the Miles and Snow (1978) business strategy typology model, this study examined the influence of business strategy on the adoption of MAPs, focusing on how the different types of business strategies used in organizations may influence the adoption of MAPs. Data was collected from manufacturing companies in Malaysia. The result showed that most Malaysian manufacturing companies utilized three major classifications of strategies, i.e., defender, prospector, analyzer, and only a few were classified as reactors. The result showed that the adoption level of both traditional and advanced MAPs is also high. Findings from this study indicated an influence of the defender and analyzer types towards adopting traditional MAPs, whereas the prospector type had influenced the adoption of advanced MAPs. Keywords: management accounting practices, business strategy, defender, prospector, analyzer, reactor
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Hooper, Keith, Samir Ayoub, and Rowena Sinclair. "The problems with governance and accountability in French charities." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 1 (2013): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c2art5.
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This paper identifies problems with governance and accountability in respect to French charities by assessing current reporting practices. To identify the most common practices, an exploratory study was conducted with accountants, auditors and academics with expertise in charity financial reporting. Compliance emerged as the major issue with charity reporting in France. In many cases, the accounting treatments adopted were decided by the charity involved. No standardisation of accounting treatment can be presumed, with many charities producing reports that are opaque or lacking vital detail. A key finding is the need for an accountability discharge mechanism to support accountability discharge documents such as financial statements. This reflects the lack of centralized oversight on whether these statements are audited or conform to French codes
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Brackley, James, Penelope Tuck, and Mark Exworthy. "Public health interventions in English local authorities: constructing the facts, (re)imagining the future." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 34, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): 1664–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-11-2019-4278.
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PurposeThis paper examines the contested value of healthy life and wellbeing in a context of severe austerity, exploring how the value of “Public Health” is constructed through and with material-discursive practices and accounting representations. It seeks to explore the political and ethical implications of constructing the valuable through a shared consensus over the “facts” when addressing complex, multi-agency problems with long time horizons and outcomes that are not always easily quantifiable.Design/methodology/approachThe theorisation, drawing on science and technology studies (STS) scholars and Karen Barad's (2007) agential realism, opens up the analysis to the performativity of both material and discursive practices in the period following a major re-organisation of activity. The study investigates two case authorities in England and the national regulator through interviews, observations and documentary analysis.FindingsThe paper demonstrates the deeply ethical and political entanglements of accounting representations as objectivity, consensus and collective action are constructed and resisted in practice. It goes on to demonstrate the practical challenges of constructing “alternative accounts” and “intelligent accountabilities” through times of austerity towards a shared sense of public value and suggests austerity measures make such aims both more challenging and all the more essential.Originality/valueFew studies in the accounting literature have explored the full complexity of valuation practices in non-market settings, particularly in a public sector context; this paper, therefore, extends familiar conceptual vocabulary of STS inspired research to further explore how value(s), ethics and identity all play a crucial role in making things valuable.
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Bhasin, Madan Lal. "Creative Accounting Practices at Satyam Computers Limited: A Case Study of India’s Enron." International Journal of Business and Social Research 6, no. 6 (June 27, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v6i6.948.
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<p>Satyam Computers were once the crown jewel of Indian IT industry, however, the debacle of Satyam raised a debate about the role of CEO in driving a company to the heights of success and its relation with the board members and core committees. The scam brought to the light the role of corporate governance (CG) in shaping the protocols related to the working of audit committees and duties of board members. The Satyam scam was a jolt to the market, especially to Satyam stockholders. This paper attempts an in-depth analysis of India’s Enron, Satyam Computer’s “creative-accounting” scandal. In public companies, this type of ‘creative’ accounting leading to fraud and investigations are, therefore, launched by the various governmental oversight agencies. The accounting fraud committed by the founders of Satyam in 2009 is a testament to the fact that “the science of conduct is swayed in large by human greed, ambition, and hunger for power, money, fame and glory.” Scandals have proved that “there is an urgent need for good conduct based on strong corporate governance, ethics and accounting & auditing standards.” The Satyam scandal highlights the importance of securities laws and CG in emerging markets. Indeed, Satyam fraud “spurred the government of India to tighten the CG norms to prevent recurrence of similar frauds in future.” Thus, major financial reporting frauds need to be studied for ‘lessons-learned’ and ‘strategies-to-follow’ to reduce the incidents of such frauds in the future. The increasing rate of white-collar crimes “demands stiff penalties, exemplary punishments, and effective enforcement of law with the right spirit.”</p><h2> </h2>
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Raghavan, Kamala. "Impact of Pandemic and Digital Transformation on Global Accounting Profession." Journal of Global Awareness 2, Spring/Summer (May 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24073/jga/02/01/07.
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The COVID-19 pandemic made 2020 the most difficult and challenging year in ways that no one could have predicted, causing major disruptions with unprecedented changes affecting worldwide economies. Its impact has been multidimensional at the personal, organizational, and societal levels. Organizations in all sectors have been focusing on their immediate survival only. World economic output had the most significant drop in over 75 years and affected people's daily routines in almost every country. However, the same disruptive forces of the pandemic accelerated the digital transformation and innovation, causing business practices in the accounting profession to leapfrog decades ahead. This paper presents an overview of the adoption of disruptive technologies and their lasting impact on the accounting profession.
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Gonin, V., E. Panchenko, E. Kibireva, and O. Nomokonova. "EFFICIENCY OF FIXED ASSETS REVALUATION AS A METHOD OF ASSET MANAGEMENT." Transbaikal state university journal 27, no. 3 (2021): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-3-99-112.
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The method of asset management in connection with the development of the economic accounting system of financial and economic activity: accounting practices, practices, representation and compilation of accounting (financial) accounts of companies is described. This development is related to the use of international financial reporting standards, which are integrated into domestic practice. The aim of the study is to organize the effectiveness of fixed assets revaluation as an asset management method. To achieve the goal, the objectives are: to investigate the effectiveness of revaluation and impairment in the management of major funds; systematizing the overall stages of the method of assessing the value of fixed assets in revaluation and impairment; exploring opportunities to expand approaches to analyzing changes in balance sheet performance, financial performance reporting and financial performance in the asset management system. The object of the study is the cost of fixed assets. The authors have examined the method of revaluation and impairment, selected approaches to the study of the effectiveness of revaluation for the purpose of strategic and tactical asset management. The authors conclude that a comprehensive approach to asset management is needed when reevaluating the value of fixed assets. A comprehensive approach should be based on the development of revaluation and impairment techniques to analyze the effectiveness of the financial and economic system and balance sheet control and the financial performance report in strategic and tactical asset management
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Kamil, Islamiah, Meiliyah Ariani, and Umar Islamil. "ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE TRAINING FOR VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE REGION OF TANGERANG – BANTEN PROVINCE." ICCD 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 493–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33068/iccd.vol1.iss1.72.
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In workplaces, the use of accounting software in business processes is not something new, while most vocational high school graduates still do not understand the use of accounting software. Students who take accounting major, generally have received detailed accounting lessons, but some others are still studied manually. For this reason, trainings are held for Vocational High School students using the methods of: (1) counseling: delivering material in the form of theory. (2) Question and answer; to provide opportunities for participants who still have unclear understanding; (3) Demonstration, in the form of basic accounting material training (basic accounting process manually); (4) Transaction Analysis Practices, and preparation of Financial Statements using Accurate Accounting software. Trainees were students and teachers of Annurmaniayah Vocational School and Budi Mulya Vocational School, Tangerang Banten, and the training was held in the Accounting Laboratory of the Faculty of Economics, University of Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama), on Saturday, March 25, 2017.
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Chandy, P. R., and Gordian Ndubizu. "An Evaluation Of SFAS No. 71: Regulated Enterprises." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 4, no. 4 (October 26, 2011): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v4i4.6390.
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In December 1982, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 71 which became effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1983. This statement regulates the accounting practices of regulated enterprises. The major controversial aspects of SFAS No. 71 are: (1) requiring special accounting for regulated industry, (2) capitalization of future revenues, (3) treatment of refund, and (4) impacts of SFAS No. 71 on financial reporting and rate cases. Given these controversies and new developments in the electric utility industry, the FASB has issued an exposure draft to revise some of the provisions of SFAS No. 71. The revisions as stipulated in December 19, 1985 exposure draft amend the accounting treatment of phase-in-plan, abandonments, and disallowances of costs of newly completed plants. Questions such as, whether Generally Acceptable Accounting Principle (GAAP) should be formulated for each industry (e.g. regulated/nonregulated), impact of SFAS No. 71 on financial reporting and rate cases, and accounting treatments of refund are not forcefully addressed in the exposure draft.As an input to current deliberations on SFAS No. 71 this study explores investor owned utility companys opinions concerning the controversial aspect of the statement specified above. In addition, the study reviews major issues addressed in the exposure draft amending SFAS No. 71.
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Martinov, Nonna, and Peter Roebuck. "The Assessment and Integration of Materiality and Inherent Risk: An Analysis of Major Firms' Audit Practices." International Journal of Auditing 2, no. 2 (July 1998): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1099-1123.00034.
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Martinov, Nonna, and Peter Roebuck. "The assessment and integration of materiality and inherent risk: an analysis of major firms’ audit practices." International Journal of Auditing 2, no. 2 (July 1998): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1123(199807)2:2<103::aid-ija27>3.0.co;2-y.
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Meckfessel, Michele D., and Drew Sellers. "The impact of Big 4 consulting on audit reporting lag and restatements." Managerial Auditing Journal 32, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 19–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-02-2016-1321.
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Purpose This paper responds to concerns raised by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and scholars over the rapid growth of Big 4 consulting practices. This paper aims to explores the question: Does the regrowth of sizable consulting practices by the Big 4 influence audit reporting lag and restatement rates? Design/methodology/approach A population of the SEC-registered US audit clients of the Big 4 was used in this study. Longitudinal data on Big 4 audit clients from 2000 through 2009 were analyzed to determine the impact of consulting practice size on the clients’ audit reporting lag and restatement rate. Findings This paper finds that consulting practice size has a positive and statistically significant influence on audit reporting lag and restatement rate. The results are robust to alternative specifications of the sample and controlling for the level of non-audit services provided to audit clients. Practical implications The findings contribute to the discussion of the scope-of-services issue. They provide empirical support for Zeff’s (2003) and Wyatt’s (2004) intuition that the loss of Big 4 professional focus – not simply conflicts of interests – is a major factor affecting the audit quality. Originality/value The uniqueness of this paper is in how it counts restatements. Each year this paper counts that annual financial statements are restated as opposed to each disclosure of a restatement. This paper’s contribution is to examine the association between the regrowth of Big 4 accounting firm consulting practices with audit reporting lag and restatements.
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Russ, Robert W., Gary J. Previts, and Edward N. Coffman. "THE STOCKHOLDER REVIEW COMMITTEE OF THE CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO CANAL COMPANY, 1828–1857: EVIDENCE OF CHANGES IN FINANCIAL REPORTING AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE." Accounting Historians Journal 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2006): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.33.1.125.
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Canal companies were among the first enterprises to be organized in the corporate form and to require large amounts of capital. This paper examines the stockholder review committee of a 19th century corporation, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company (C&O), and discusses how the C&O used this corporate governance structure to monitor and improve financial management and operations. A major strength was the concern and dedication of the stockholders to the company, while a major weakness was the political control exerted by the State of Maryland. The paper provides an historical perspective on corporate governance in the 19th century. This research contributes to the literature by providing detailed workings and practices of a stockholder review committee. The paper documents corporate governance efforts in archival sources that provide an early example of accountability required in a corporate charter and the manner in which the stockholders carried out this responsibility.
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WRIGHT, CLAIRE, SIMON VILLE, and DAVID MERRETT. "Quotidian Routines: The Cooperative Practices of a Business Elite." Enterprise & Society 20, no. 4 (June 10, 2019): 826–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2018.103.
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Cooperative corporate behavior has often been explained through the social anatomy of business leaders and structural ties among firms. Our alternative approach investigates how quotidian interactions built trust and routines among a group of major firms in the Australian wool trade—a sector that required regular interaction to be effective. Deploying extensive archives of their meetings, we use social network analysis to examine interactions among the key group of firms and individuals. Through content analysis we infer the behavior and atmosphere of meetings. Finally, an evaluation of meeting agendas and outcomes demonstrates cooperation and a shared commitment to improving the operation of the wool trade in the 1920s.
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Chang, Sugin, Byunghun Choi, and Kyungsoo Song. "Difference of CSR Practice for Chinese Automakers – Comparison with Japanese & Korean Automakers." management revue 31, no. 3 (2020): 372–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2020-3-372.
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has already become an important issue in Japan & Korea as well as in China. However, a relatively clear difference of CSR practice of China has existed due to it being government-led CSR practice. The Chinese government actively promotes its CSR standards, the CASS CSR 3.0 while emphasizing Chinese characteristics. This study traces the difference of CSR practice for Chinese firms by looking into twenty-four automakers’ CSR websites and reports in Japan, Korea and China. Firstly, this study analyzes CSR reports and website accessibility from a local language barrier perspective, and does Paired t-Test for comparing two national populations means of accessibility between two groups; Japanese-Korean automakers vs. Chinese automakers by using survey results. Secondly, the coverage rates of each automaker’s CSR report for GRI G4 are examined, and Two-Sample t-Tests are made to compare the two nationalities means of coverage rate between Japanese-Korean automakers and Chinese ones. As a result, the CSR practices of Chinese automakers differ greatly from CSR practices of Japanese-Korean ones. But it needs to be considered that if the major stakeholders of Chinese firms are local people or partners, the core of CSR activities would be oriented for local stakeholders.
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Grove, Hugh, Mac Clouse, and Thomas King. "Passive investors: Implications for corporate governance." Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review 4, no. 2 (2020): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv4i2p1.
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The key research question of this paper is to explore the major implications for corporate governance from the emergence and perspective of passive investors. Passive investors care more about long-term governance practices than short-term financial metrics. They do not trade shares when accounting balances or stock prices fluctuate since they have a long-term perspective. They desire a new investor relations approach, based upon independent directors discussing key corporate governance topics of board refreshment, sustainability, and compensation with the stewardship officers of passive investors. Thus, financial accounting is moving back to a stewardship purpose of accounting versus an investment valuation model. The corporate governance literature relating to investors has only focused on active, not passive, investors. The emergence and perspective of passive investors are relevant for updating the theory and practice of corporate governance as follows. Passive investors have a long-term sustainability perspective, not a short-term focus to make financial analysts’ quarterly predictions. Passive investors focus upon three board of directors’ committees: nominating, audit, and compensation, with emphasis on a stewardship officer, a lead director, board refreshment, an indefinite investment horizon, and sustainability risks.
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Epper, Mark, and John Charters. "ACCOUNTING FOR EXPLORATION COMPANIES — A FRESH APPROACH." APPEA Journal 32, no. 1 (1992): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj91037.
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This paper is directed at presenting new initiatives to tackle the accounting and financial reporting dilemmas which confront companies involved in petroleum exploration.Accounting for exploration expenditure has always been a sensitive issue for explorers. The single, most contentious, accounting issue for petroleum explorers is the extent to which pre-production expenditures should be capitalised (as an asset in the balance sheet) or expensed (in the profit and loss account). The accounting practices recommended in other major countries are less rigorous than those that are already applied in Australia, at a time when the Australian accounting practices are being criticised for their weakness.Existing Australian accounting standards dealing with the capitalisation of exploration and evaluation expenditure fail the basic tests for quality financial reporting information. The high degree of subjectivity inherent in the application of available accounting methods contributes to the poor investor (and potential investor) perception of the reported financial position of petroleum explorers; the integrity of financial analysis is severely impaired. Ultimately, as the Australian economy emerges from recession, and as both investor confidence and speculative interest return to Australian capital markets, a fresh approach to financial reporting by petroleum explorers will support future capital raising needs.A fresh approach is required because the accounting implications for all companies, including explorers and producers, have changed. All industry participants will need to re-evaluate the amounts included on their balance sheets in relation to exploration interests. In particular, companies and their directors must now consider the 'recoverable amount' of their exploration interests. However, the level of commercial uncertainty in this sector reduces the reliability of any determination of recoverable amount. The response of many companies has been, and will be, to write-off exploration expenditure, or set aside provisions of equivalent amount, so as to reduce the book value of their deferred expenditure, and so reduce their exposure to allegations of asset overstatement.The first part of our fresh approach is to follow the trend towards limited capitalisation of exploration expenditure by recommending that as expenditure is incurred on exploration, a provision be set aside of equivalent amount. In the event that exploration is successful, the provision would be reversed, thereby reinstating the expenditure as a productive asset. Whilst undoubtedly conservative and controversial, implementation of this recommendation will encourage exploration companies to provide more comprehensive supporting information as to drilling and exploration progress.The second part of that fresh approach is to enhance the quality of financial reporting by setting a higher standard of disclosure of oil and gas reserves, with particular emphasis on the consistent disclosure of proved and probable reserves. Current practice does not represent either consistent or high quality disclosure.The final part of our new approach is to require petroleum explorers to provide a prospective (or budgeted) statement of expected sources and applications of funds for the following year, as an integral part of their annual reporting package.