Relevant bibliographies by topics / Maize leaf development; Cellular differentiation

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Academic literature on the topic 'Maize leaf development; Cellular differentiation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Maize leaf development; Cellular differentiation"

1

Sylvester, A. W., W. Z. Cande, and M. Freeling. "Division and differentiation during normal and liguleless-1 maize leaf development." Development 110, no. 3 (November 1, 1990): 985–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.110.3.985.

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The maize leaf is composed of a blade and a sheath, which are separated at the ligular region by a ligule and an auricle. Mutants homozygous for the recessive liguleless-1 (lg1) allele exhibit loss of normal ligule and auricle. The cellular events associated with development of these structures in both normal and liguleless plants are investigated with respect to the timing of cell division and differentiation. A new method is used to assess orientation of anticlinal division planes during development and to determine a division index based on recent epidermal cross-wall deposition. A normal leaf follows three stages of development: first is a preligule stage, in which the primordium is undifferentiated and dividing throughout its length. This stage ends when a row of cells in the preligule region divides more rapidly in both transverse and longitudinal anticlinal planes. During the second stage, ligule and auricle form, blade grows more rapidly than sheath, divisions in the blade become exclusively transverse in orientation, and differentiation begins. The third stage is marked by rapid increase in sheath length. The leaf does not have a distinct basal meristem. Instead, cell divisions are gradually restricted to the base of the leaf with localized sites of increased division at the preligule region. Divisions are not localized to the base of the sheath until near the end of development. The liguleless-1 homozygote shows no alteration in this overall pattern of growth, but does show distinct alteration in the anticlinal division pattern in the preligule region. Two abnormal patterns are observed: either the increase in division rate at the preligule site is absent or it exhibits loss of all longitudinal divisions so that only transverse (or cell-file producing) divisions are present. This pattern is particularly apparent in developing adult leaves on older lg1 plants, in which sporadic ligule vestiges form. From these and results previously published (Becraft et al. (1990) Devl Biol. 14), we conclude that the information carried by the Lg1+ gene product acts earlier in development than formation of the ligule proper. We hypothesize that Lg1+ may be effective at the stage when the blade-sheath boundary is first determined.
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Satterlee, James W., Josh Strable, and Michael J. Scanlon. "Plant stem-cell organization and differentiation at single-cell resolution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 52 (December 14, 2020): 33689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018788117.

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Plants maintain populations of pluripotent stem cells in shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which continuously produce new aboveground organs. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to achieve an unbiased characterization of the transcriptional landscape of the maize shoot stem-cell niche and its differentiating cellular descendants. Stem cells housed in the SAM tip are engaged in genome integrity maintenance and exhibit a low rate of cell division, consistent with their contributions to germline and somatic cell fates. Surprisingly, we find no evidence for a canonical stem-cell organizing center subtending these cells. In addition, trajectory inference was used to trace the gene expression changes that accompany cell differentiation, revealing that ectopic expression of KNOTTED1 (KN1) accelerates cell differentiation and promotes development of the sheathing maize leaf base. These single-cell transcriptomic analyses of the shoot apex yield insight into the processes of stem-cell function and cell-fate acquisition in the maize seedling and provide a valuable scaffold on which to better dissect the genetic control of plant shoot morphogenesis at the cellular level.
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Schneeberger, R., M. Tsiantis, M. Freeling, and J. A. Langdale. "The rough sheath2 gene negatively regulates homeobox gene expression during maize leaf development." Development 125, no. 15 (August 1, 1998): 2857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.15.2857.

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Leaves of higher plants are produced in a sequential manner through the differentiation of cells that are derived from the shoot apical meristem. Current evidence suggests that this transition from meristematic to leaf cell fate requires the down-regulation of knotted1-like homeobox (knox) gene expression. If knox gene expression is not repressed, overall leaf shape and cellular differentiation within the leaf are perturbed. In order to identify genes that are required for the aquisition of leaf cell fates, we have genetically screened for recessive mutations that confer phenotypes similar to dominant mutations (e.g. Knotted1 and Rough sheath1) that result in the ectopic expression of class I knox genes. Independently derived mutations at the rough sheath2 (rs2) locus condition a range of pleiotropic leaf, node and internode phenotypes that are sensitive to genetic background and environment. Phenotypes include dwarfism, leaf twisting, disorganized differentiation of the blade-sheath boundary, aberrant vascular patterning and the generation of semi-bladeless leaves. knox genes are initially repressed in rs2 mutants as leaf founder cells are recruited in the meristem. However, this repression is often incomplete and is not maintained as the leaf progresses through developement. Expression studies indicate that three knox genes are ectopically or over-expressed in developing primordia and in mature leaves. We therefore propose that the rs2 gene product acts to repress knox gene expression (either directly or indirectly) and that rs2 gene action is essential for the elaboration of normal leaf morphology.
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Reynolds, J. O., J. F. Eisses, and A. W. Sylvester. "Balancing division and expansion during maize leaf morphogenesis: analysis of the mutant, warty-1." Development 125, no. 2 (January 15, 1998): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.2.259.

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Cell division and expansion are growth events that contribute to the developing shape, or morphogenesis, of a plant. Division and expansion are coordinated to the extent that plant organs, such as leaves, generally portray a predictable cellular pattern. To dissect the relationship between division and expansion, and to test for the role of each during morphogenesis, we have identified a recessive mutation warty-1 that produces a primary defect in cell size and shape in mutant leaves. Warty-1 mutant plants are similar to non-mutant siblings in terms of flowering time, overall plant size and leaf shape. Mature adult leaves have raised warts, consisting of excessively enlarged cells, that appear in patchy distribution throughout the blade. Cell wall deposition is abnormal or incomplete, suggesting cytokinesis is also affected, either directly or indirectly. Cells first increase in size at specific positions, which correspond to predictable cell dimensions of a developing 1 cm leaf. Once mutant cells exceed 133% normal size, cytokinesis becomes abnormal. As differentiation progresses, cells that appear normal in the mutant are actually dividing faster and are smaller than comparable cells in non-mutant siblings. These results suggest that (1) cells may compensate for growth defects by altering their cell cycle and that (2) proper execution of cytokinesis may require that cell size ratios are properly maintained.
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5

Hall, Lisa N., Laura Rossini, Lizzie Cribb, and Jane A. Langdale. "GOLDEN 2: A Novel Transcriptional Regulator of Cellular Differentiation in the Maize Leaf." Plant Cell 10, no. 6 (June 1998): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3870679.

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6

Hall, Lisa N., Laura Rossini, Lizzie Cribb, and Jane A. Langdale. "GOLDEN 2: A Novel Transcriptional Regulator of Cellular Differentiation in the Maize Leaf." Plant Cell 10, no. 6 (June 1998): 925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.10.6.925.

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7

Cribb, Lizzie, Lisa N. Hall, and Jane A. Langdale. "Four Mutant Alleles Elucidate the Role of the G2 Protein in the Development of C4 and C3 Photosynthesizing Maize Tissues." Genetics 159, no. 2 (October 1, 2001): 787–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/159.2.787.

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Abstract Maize leaf blades differentiate dimorphic photosynthetic cell types, the bundle sheath and mesophyll, between which the reactions of C4 photosynthesis are partitioned. Leaf-like organs of maize such as husk leaves, however, develop a C3 pattern of differentiation whereby ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) accumulates in all photosynthetic cell types. The Golden2 (G2) gene has previously been shown to play a role in bundle sheath cell differentiation in C4 leaf blades and to play a less well-defined role in C3 maize tissues. To further analyze G2 gene function in maize, four g2 mutations have been characterized. Three of these mutations were induced by the transposable element Spm. In g2-bsd1-m1 and g2-bsd1-s1, the element is inserted in the second intron and in g2-pg14 the element is inserted in the promoter. In the fourth case, g2-R, four amino acid changes and premature polyadenylation of the G2 transcript are observed. The phenotypes conditioned by these four mutations demonstrate that the primary role of G2 in C4 leaf blades is to promote bundle sheath cell chloroplast development. C4 photosynthetic enzymes can accumulate in both bundle sheath and mesophyll cells in the absence of G2. In C3 tissue, however, G2 influences both chloroplast differentiation and photosynthetic enzyme accumulation patterns. On the basis of the phenotypic data obtained, a model that postulates how G2 acts to facilitate C4 and C3 patterns of tissue development is proposed.
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8

Dresselhaus, Thomas, Suseno Amien, Mihaela Márton, Anemone Strecke, Reinhold Brettschneider, and Simone Cordts. "TRANSPARENT LEAF AREA1 Encodes a Secreted Proteolipid Required for Anther Maturation, Morphogenesis, and Differentiation during Leaf Development in Maize." Plant Cell 17, no. 3 (February 10, 2005): 730–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.104.028340.

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9

Langdale, J. A., and C. A. Kidner. "bundle sheath defective, a mutation that disrupts cellular differentiation in maize leaves." Development 120, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.3.673.

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Post-primordial differentiation events in developing maize leaves produce two photosynthetic cell types (bundle sheath and mesophyll) that are morphologically and biochemically distinct. We have isolated a mutation that disrupts the differentiation of one of these cell types in light-grown leaves. bundle sheath defective 1-mutable 1 (bsd1-m1) is an unstable allele that was induced by transposon mutagenesis. In the bundle sheath cells of bsd1-m1 leaves, chloroplasts differentiate aberrantly and C4 photosynthetic enzymes are absent. The development of mesophyll cells is unaffected. In dark-grown bsd1-m1 seedlings, morphological differentiation of etioplasts is only disrupted in bundle sheath cells but photosynthetic enzyme accumulation patterns are altered in both cell types. These data suggest that, during normal development, the Bsd1 gene directs the morphological differentiation of chloroplasts in a light-independent and bundle sheath cell-specific fashion. In contrast, Bsd1 gene action on photosynthetic gene expression patterns is cell-type independent in the dark (C3 state) but bundle sheath cell-specific in the light (C4 state). Current models hypothesize that C4 photosynthetic differentiation is achieved through a light-induced interaction between bundle sheath and mesophyll cells (J. A. Langdale and T. Nelson (1991) Trends in Genetics 7, 191–196). Based on the data shown in this paper, we propose that induction of the C4 state restricts Bsd1 gene action to bundle sheath cells.
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10

Dong, Lei, Lei Qin, Xiuru Dai, Zehong Ding, Ran Bi, Peng Liu, Yanhui Chen, Thomas P. Brutnell, Xianglan Wang, and Pinghua Li. "Transcriptomic Analysis of Leaf Sheath Maturation in Maize." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 10 (May 19, 2019): 2472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102472.

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The morphological development of the leaf greatly influences plant architecture and crop yields. The maize leaf is composed of a leaf blade, ligule and sheath. Although extensive transcriptional profiling of the tissues along the longitudinal axis of the developing maize leaf blade has been conducted, little is known about the transcriptional dynamics in sheath tissues, which play important roles in supporting the leaf blade. Using a comprehensive transcriptome dataset, we demonstrated that the leaf sheath transcriptome dynamically changes during maturation, with the construction of basic cellular structures at the earliest stages of sheath maturation with a transition to cell wall biosynthesis and modifications. The transcriptome again changes with photosynthesis and lignin biosynthesis at the last stage of sheath tissue maturation. The different tissues of the maize leaf are highly specialized in their biological functions and we identified 15 genes expressed at significantly higher levels in the leaf sheath compared with their expression in the leaf blade, including the BOP2 homologs GRMZM2G026556 and GRMZM2G022606, DOGT1 (GRMZM2G403740) and transcription factors from the B3 domain, C2H2 zinc finger and homeobox gene families, implicating these genes in sheath maturation and organ specialization.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Maize leaf development; Cellular differentiation"

1

Roth, Ronelle. "Phenotypic characterization of maize bundle sheath defective mutants." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339349.

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