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1
Adekambi, Souleïmane A., Jean Eudes A. Codjovi, and Jacob A. Yabi. "Facteurs déterminants l’adoption des mesures de gestion intégrée de la fertilité des sols (GIFS) au nord du Bénin : une application du modèle probit multivarié au cas de producteurs de maïs." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 22, 2021): 664–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i2.22.
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La baisse du niveau de fertilité des terres cultivables du fait des pratiques agricoles inadaptées, de la déforestation et du changement climatique reste l’une des contraintes majeures de l’agriculture béninoise. Les mesures de Gestion Intégrée de la Fertilité des Sols (GIFS) en sont une des approches de gestion durales des terres à l’échelle des exploitations agricoles. Ainsi, l’étude a fait usage d’un modèle probit multivarié pour identifier les déterminants de l’adoption des mesures de GIFS au sein des exploitations agricoles productrices de maïs au Nord-Bénin. Elle a été conduite sur un échantillon de 100 producteurs de maïs sélectionnés suivant un sondage aléatoire stratifié. Les résultats ont révélé l’existence d’une interdépendance et de complémentarités dans l’adoption des différentes mesures de GIFS. Aussi, la majorité des producteurs de maïs enquêtés préfèrent adopter une combinaison de deux mesures de GIFS (32%) ou de trois mesures (26%). Par ailleurs, la distance du village au champ, l’appartenance à un groupement, le contact avec la vulgarisation, la superficie emblavée en maïs, la taille du cheptel et le nombre d’actifs agricoles restent les principaux facteurs déterminants l’adoption de ces mesures de GIFS par les producteurs.Mots clés : Bénin, changement climatique, gestion durable des terres, Gestion Intégrée de la Fertilité des Sols, pratiques agricoles, probit multivarié.
English title: Adoption of integrated soil fertility management measures in northern Benin: an application of the multivariate probit model to the case of maize producers
The decline in the level of fertility of arable land due to unsuitable agricultural practices, deforestation and climate change remains one of the major constraints of agriculture in Benin. Integrated Soil Fertility Management measures (GIFS) are one of the sustainable land management approaches that have been promoted at the level of farmers’ communities. Thus, the study made use of a multivariate probit model to identify the determinants of the adoption of GIFS measures within maize-producing farms in North Benin. It was carried out on a sample of 100 maize farmers selected following a stratified random survey. The results revealed the existence of interdependence and complementarities in the adoption of different GIFS measures. The majority of maize producers surveyed prefer to adopt a combination of two (32%) or three GIFS measures (26%). In addition, the distance from the village to the field, the membership of a group, the contact with the extension service, the area sown with maize, the size of the herd and the number of agricultural workers were identified as the important factors determining the adoption of these GIFS methods by producers.Keywords: Benin, climate change, sustainable land management, Integrated Soil Fertility Management measures, agricultural practices, multivariate probit.
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Sissoko, Fagaye, Amadou Traore, Sidiki Diarra, and Mamadou Traore. "Effet de l’insertion des plantes de couverture sur la productivité du système de culture à base de maïs dans le cadre de l’intégration agriculture-élevage." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 7 (December 7, 2020): 2599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i7.18.
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En zone soudano-sahélienne, la productivité des cultures est limitée par les effets néfastes du changement climatique et la pauvreté des sols. L’insertion des plantes de couverture dans les systèmes de production pourrait être une alternative d’amélioration des rendements et de la biomasse. Pour atteindre cet objectif, la pratique conventionnelle de la culture du maïs a été comparée pendant cinq années (2014-2018), à quatre systèmes de culture associant des plantes de couverture. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé a été un bloc de Fisher avec 6 traitements en 4 répétitions. Les résultats ont montré que l’insertion du Cajanus cajan, du Stylosanthes hamata, du Brachiaria ruziziensis et Mucuna cochinchinensis dans un système de culture à base du maïs permet d’améliorer la production de biomasse fourragère sans négativement affecter son rendement. Utilisée dans la supplémentation des animaux, la biomasse produite peut nourrir pendant 90 jours 7 unités de bétail tropical (UBT) en culture pure du maïs et 8 à 13 unités de bétail tropical (UBT) en fonction du type de plantes de couverture. Dans le cadre de la production fumure organique, les mêmes tendances de variations ont été obtenues en fonction des systèmes de culture. L’insertion des plantes de couverture est un élément intégrateur agriculture-élevage.Mots clés : Changement climatique, maïs, légumineuse, biomasse fourragère, zone Soudano-sahélienne, Mali
English Title: Cover crop insertion effect on productivity of maize-based cropping system in the context of crop-livestock integrationIn Sudano-Sahelian zone, crop productivity is limited by climate change effect and poor soils. Inserting cover crops into production systems could be an alternative to improve yields and biomass. To achieve this goal, conventional practice of maize cultivation was compared over a five-year period (2014-2018) with four cropping systems using cover crops. The experimental design used was a Fisher block with 6 treatments in 4 replicates. The results showed that the insertion of Cajanus cajan, Stylosanthes hamata, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Mucuna cochinchinensis in a maize-based cropping system improves biomass production without negatively affecting its yield. Used in animal supplementation, the biomass produced can feed 7 Tropical Livestock Units (UBT) of pure maize crop and 8 to 13 UBT for 90 days, depending on the type of cover crop. In the case of organic manure production, the same variations were obtained depending on cropping systems. The insertion of cover crops in cropping system is an integrating agriculture-livestock component.Keywords: Climate change, maize, legumes, fodder biomass, fodder biomass, Sudano-Sahelian zone, Mali.
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Mahé, Inès, Christian Gauvrit, Frédérique Angevin, and Bruno Chauvel. "Quels enseignements tirer du retrait de l’atrazine dans le cadre de l’interdiction prévue du glyphosate ?" Cahiers Agricultures 29 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2020026.
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Au cours de ces 70 dernières années, certaines substances actives herbicides ont acquis le statut de molécules « pilier » dans la gestion des communautés adventices. En France, jusqu’en 2003, l’atrazine a joué un rôle central dans le désherbage du maïs. Depuis 1974, le glyphosate est devenu la molécule la plus utilisée dans la gestion de l’interculture, au point d’être considéré comme indispensable en agriculture de conservation. Une excellente efficacité et un faible coût ont placé ces deux molécules parmi celles les plus utilisées au monde. Mais dans les deux cas, une utilisation trop importante a conduit à la contamination des eaux et à l’émergence de questionnements sur de possibles effets négatifs sur l’environnement. Une comparaison de l’interdiction de l’atrazine et du glyphosate, d’un point de vue agronomique, économique et social, montre des inquiétudes similaires sur la gestion de la flore adventice de la part de la profession agricole. Si le retrait de l’atrazine a pu engendrer une augmentation des coûts de désherbage du maïs, la flore adventice a su être correctement maîtrisée via la mobilisation d’autres leviers, principalement chimiques. L’interdiction potentielle du glyphosate, prévue en France dans un futur proche, pourrait avoir des conséquences fortes sur la gestion de la flore adventice et plus globalement sur les exploitations agricoles. Le principal levier disponible pour se passer de glyphosate est le recours au travail du sol, mais d’autres leviers agronomiques doivent venir en complément pour assurer une gestion efficace. Bien que séparé de 15 années, le retrait de ces deux substances actives est l’occasion de prendre conscience des conséquences que peut avoir l’utilisation prédominante d’une unique substance active sur l’environnement, mais aussi sur la capacité d’adaptation des systèmes agricoles.
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Rasambatra, Elias Romélio, Patrice Autfray, Eric Vall, Eliel González-Garciá, Jean-Michel Mortillaro, Jean de Neupomuscène Rakotozandriny, and Paulo Salgado. "Intégration agriculture-élevage dans un contexte d’accès limité aux intrants de synthèse en milieu tropical de moyenne altitude." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 73, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.31876.
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Dans le Moyen-Ouest de la région de Vakinankaratra à Madagascar, les exploitations agricoles ont des besoins croissants en fertilisants et en fourrages, et dans le même temps de sérieuses difficultés économiques d’accès aux engrais minéraux et aux aliments de bétail. Cette étude a montré comment l’intégration agriculture-élevage (IAE) a permis de pallier en partie la difficulté d’accès aux intrants agricoles industriels et de contribuer à l’intensification agricole. Des enquêtes auprès de 20 exploitations agricoles ont été menées. A l’aide d’analyses en composantes principales et d’une classification sur la base de treize variables, trois structurelles (superficie cultivée, nombre de bovins, nombre de mains-d’oeuvre familiales) et dix fonctionnelles (production de fumure organique, achat de fumure organique, achat de fertilisants minéraux, épandage de fumure organique, rendement en riz pluvial, rendement en maïs, disponibilité de résidus de cultures, valorisation de résidus de cultures, complémentation de l’alimentation des bovins, durée de pâturage), cinq types d’exploitations ont été caractérisés : un type de petites exploitations avec un niveau d’IAE fort, deux types d’exploitations de taille moyenne avec un niveau d’IAE moyen et faible, et deux types de grandes exploitations avec un niveau d’IAE moyen et faible. La complémentation de l’alimentation des bovins, le nombre de bovins et la durée de pâturage ont le mieux discriminé les exploitations. Les besoins alimentaires énergétiques et protéiques des bovins étaient couverts à l’échelle de l’année pour toutes les exploitations. Les exportations d’azote par les cultures étaient compensées par les apports dans les exploitations au plus fort niveau d’IAE. En conclusion, dans ce contexte d’accès très limité aux intrants industriels, les producteurs se sont tournés vers des stratégies d’IAE, d’une part, pour allouer la fumure organique produite sur les cultures exigeantes (riz et maïs) et, d’autre part, pour couvrir les besoins alimentaires des animaux.
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Deffo, Victor, Sylvie Hounzangbe-Adote, Raphiou Maliki, and H. H. M. Ould Ferroukh. "Evaluation participative ex ante de propositions de la recherche. Cas d’application dans le sud du Togo." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 64, no. 1-4 (January 1, 2011): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.10119.
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L’objectif de cette étude a été d’expérimenter une méthode d’évaluation participative d’options techniques au sud du Togo. Pour répondre aux besoins face aux problèmes de fertilité des sols dans un contexte de systèmes mixtes agriculture élevage, des chercheurs ont évalué avec les diverses catégories d’acteurs le potentiel d’adoption de l’association du maïs, plante à fonction mixte alimentaire (grain) et fourragère (paille), et du Mucuna pruriens, légumineuse à cycle long employée comme fourrage et pour améliorer la fertilité des sols. L’association fertilisée avec des engrais chimiques a été dénommée MME ci-après. La méthode utilisée a mobilisé des outils d’analyse de la méthode active de recherche participative (MARP) et a compris quatre phases. La première correspondait à la description générale de l’ensemble de la région d’étude pour identifier des sites représentatifs à partir de la littérature et d’entretiens exploratoires. La seconde phase a permis la caractérisation de la diversité des producteurs à partir d’entretiens auprès des personnes ressources des sites retenus. La troisième phase a concerné la sélection participative d’un éventail d’options techniques comprenant l’association MME mais aussi des pratiques locales présentant des similitudes avec l’association MME, ainsi que d’autres propositions alternatives de la recherche pour améliorer la fertilité des sols et assurer l’alimentation fourragère des animaux. Cette sélection a été réalisée par un échantillon de producteurs représentatifs de leur diversité. Il leur a été demandé de hiérarchiser les différentes options techniques présentées lors de visites de parcelles expérimentales ou à l’aide de supports visuels. Ils ont utilisé des notes ou des cailloux compte tenu de la forte proportion d’illettrisme. La quatrième phase a été celle de l’évaluation aux dires de producteurs des effets perçus des différentes options sur la gestion des ressources agropastorales (eau, sol, biodiversité), leur acceptabilité ou leur rentabilité en fonction du coût de la main d’oeuvre. Cette méthode a été appliquée dans trois villages du sud du Togo. Dans ces villages, six principales catégories de producteurs ont été identifiées : les propriétaires terriens, les locataires de terres, les membres d’organisations paysannes, les producteurs lettrés, les producteurs illettrés, et les femmes. En plus du MME, six options ont été retenues dont l’association MME avec des variantes issues de pratiques locales, soit l’association maïs et Mucuna à cycle long mais sans l’usage d’engrais (MM), l’association maïs et Mucuna à cycle court et à base d’engrais (MMCE), l’association maïs et Mucuna à cycle court sans l’usage d’engrais (MMC), et maïs en culture seul avec apport massif d’engrais (ME). Les deux autres options ont été proposées par la recherche : maïs entouré de haies vives de légumineuses fourragères destinées à du bétail en stabulation contrôlée et dont le fumier était ensuite épandu au champ (MHF), et culture en couloirs de maïs et de Cajanus cajan. L’association MME a été l’option préférée des propriétaires terriens, des lettrés et des membres d’organisations paysannes. Chez les femmes, l’option privilégiée a été l’association MM compte tenu de leurs faibles ressources financières mais aussi de leur insécurité foncière. Chez les locataires des terres et les producteurs illettrés, l’option favorite a été l’association MMCE qui permettait le maintien de la seconde saison de culture. L’évaluation des différentes options a montré que l’association MME et l’option MHF ont été jugées par la majorité des catégories de producteurs comme ayant les effets les plus positifs sur les ressources agropastorales. Les associations MME et MMCE ont été considérées comme étant les plus acceptables socialement, notamment chez les propriétaires terriens mais aussi chez les vulgarisateurs, les consommateurs et les commerçants également interrogés ; venait ensuite l’option MHF. La rentabilité a été la meilleure pour les associations MM et MME et la plus faible pour les deux autres alternatives proposées par la recherche. Cette méthode d’évaluation permet de valoriser l’expertise des producteurs. Elle repose sur la perception que les producteurs ont des effets des technologies. Une perception positive constitue un des premiers facteurs d’adoption d’une proposition de la recherche. Mais pour cela du temps et des outils appropriés doivent être consacrés à l’étape de formation des producteurs sur les différentes options pour que cette perception ne soit pas biaisée par la qualité de l’information donnée par le chercheur. Cette évaluation permet en outre d’identifier ou d’adapter des variantes locales aux options pré-identifiées par les chercheurs. Les efforts de recherche-développement doivent se concentrer sur les processus de ces adaptations participatives.
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Valerie Sounouke, Houéfa, Coovi Mandela Mahuwetin Houngnibo, Joseph Bessou, and Ibouraïma Yabi. "Perceptions des risques climatiques dans la zone soudanienne du Bénin: Cas des producteurs de maïs du Département de Borgou." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 14 (April 30, 2022): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n14p212.
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L’agriculture Béninoise, essentiellement pluviale, fait face aux effets néfastes des changements climatiques. Cette étude vise à appréhender les perceptions qu’ont les producteurs du maïs du département du Borgou de la variabilité et des changements climatiques. L‘étude a été menée sur un échantillon aléatoire de 278 producteurs de maïs dans le département du Borgou au Bénin afin de répertorier les risques climatiques majeurs perçus par ces producteurs. Des questions fermées et ouvertes ont été adressées aux agriculteurs afin de recueillir leurs connaissances sur le climat local, le changement climatique et les risques climatiques tels qu’ils les perçoivent. Des tris à plat, des analyses croisées avec le test d’indépendance de Chi-deux au seuil de significativité de 5% et l’analyse factorielle des correspondances ont été appliquées sur les données d’enquête dépouillées. Il ressort que l’insuffisance des pluies, la récurrence des fortes pluies, le démarrage tardif des pluies, la fin précoce des saisons des pluies, les séquences sèches longues, les vents violents, les jours et les nuits extrêmement chauds sont les risques majeurs auxquels plus de 55% des producteurs du Borgou sont confrontés. Toutefois, ces risques sont perçus à des degrés globalement différents selon les Communes, en dépit des quelques simulitudes que l’analyse des correspondances factorielles a permis de reveler entre certaines d’entre elles. Les activités socio-professionnelles et la modification des calendriers agricoles sont les recours pour la résilience des communes aux effets néfastes des changements climatiques.
Beninese agriculture, which is essentially rainfed, is facing the adverse effects of climate change and its extremes. This study aims to understand the perceptions that maize producers in the district of Borgou have of climate variability and change.The study was conducted on a random sample of 278 maize farmers in the district of Borgou in Benin in order to identify the major climatic risks perceived by these farmers. Closed and open questions were addressed to farmers about their agricultural activities, their knowledge of the local climate, climate change and perceived climate risks. Flat sorting, cross-analysis with the Chi-square test of independence at the 5% significance level and factorial analysis of correspondences were applied to the analyzed survey data. It appears that the insufficiency of rainfall, the recurrence of heavy rains, the late onset and the early cessation of the rainy season, the long dry spells, the violent winds, extremely hot days and nights are the major risks to which more than 55% of Borgou farmers are confronted. However, these risks are perceived to different degrees from one municipality to another, although there are similarities between certain municipalities revealed by the factorial analysis of correspondences. Socio-professional activities and the modification of agricultural calendars are the means to be resilient to the adverse effects of climate change.
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Rangé, Charline, and Hubert Cochet. "Multi-usage familial et agriculture de firme sur les rives du lac Tchad : une comparaison des performances économiques." Natures Sciences Sociétés 26, no. 1 (January 2018): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss/2018021.
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L’agriculture de firme et les modèles de type « révolution verte » sont promus par les pouvoirs publics pour la hausse de la production, de la croissance et de l’emploi qu’ils sont censés offrir dans les pays du Sud. Partant du cas des rives camerounaises du lac Tchad, cet article propose une comparaison, rarement faite, de deux modes de mise en valeur d’un même milieu relevant de logiques économiques et sociales radicalement différentes : le multi-usage agro-halio-pastoral de l’espace (mode d’exploitation actuel) et la monoculture de maïs (projet d’agropôle). En s’appuyant sur les fondamentaux que sont l’étude des pratiques agro-halio-pastorales et l’analyse du processus de création de la valeur ajoutée, l’article montre que le système familial actuel dégage une richesse équivalente à celle attendue de la firme tout en créant trois fois plus d’emplois et en offrant de meilleurs revenus.
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BALANDRAUD, Nathan, Claire MOSNIER, Luc DELABY, François DUBIEF, Jean-Philippe GORON, Bruno MARTIN, Dominique POMIES, and Anaël CASSARD. "Holstein ou Montbéliarde : des différences phénotypiques aux conséquences économiques à l’échelle de l’exploitation." INRA Productions Animales 31, no. 4 (February 10, 2019): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2018.31.4.2394.
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Dans un contexte économique instable et difficile, les choix tels que la race utilisée dans les exploitations bovines laitières peuvent être remis en cause. Cet article présente au travers de deux études, l’analyse des différences phénotypiques de vaches de race Montbéliarde (Mo) et Holstein (Ho) et leur intégration au sein d’un modèle bioéconomique. Placées dans des conditions d’élevage équivalentes, les vaches de race Mo produisent environ 12% de lait en moins que celles de race Ho, avec des taux butyreux et protéique supérieurs. L’âge au vêlage est en moyenne inférieur de trois mois chez les vaches Ho, mais leurs performances de reproduction et de santé sont moins bonnes, aboutissant à un intervalle entre vêlages supérieur de 25 jours à celui de la race Mo et une fréquence de mammites plus élevée. Réalisés en excluant les systèmes sous appellation d’origine ou indication géographique contrôlée et en Agriculture Biologique, ces travaux permettent de préciser les différences de réponses à système fourrager équivalent. Les simulations économiques quantifient les conséquences des choix raciaux à l’échelle de l’exploitation dans deux scénarios : i) à même nombre de vaches et ii) à même volume de lait vendu. Ces scénarios sont appliqués à trois cas types conventionnels spécialisés dans la production laitière, mais avec des systèmes fourragers et des niveaux de production laitière contrastés (ensilage de maïs en Bretagne, maïs-herbe en Pays-de- -Loire et tout foin en Auvergne). Sur le plan économique, les simulations où les troupeaux des deux races vendent le même volume de lait montrent que la race Mo est plus rentable quel que soit le système d’élevage (+8 à +23% de résultat courant). Dans la deuxième situation, à nombre de vaches équivalent, les résultats économiques des deux races sont très proches. D’un côté, les besoins alimentaires du troupeau Ho sont supérieurs en conséquence du taux de renouvellement et du niveau d’ingestion des animaux plus élevés. De l’autre, malgré une productivité inférieure, la qualité du lait et la meilleure valorisation des carcasses de la race Mo génère plus de produits. Au final, le troupeau de race Mo permet de dégager entre 1000 et 2900 € de résultat courant supplémentaire par unité de travail homme et par an selon les situations.
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Samake, Oumar, Kalifa Traore, Aboubakar Bengaly, Aune Yens, Bouya Traore, and Fotigui Cisse. "Effets de différentes modalités de trempage de semences sur le rendement du maïs dans l’agriculture de décrue à Yélimané en zone sahélienne du Mali." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 6 (March 7, 2023): 2549–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i6.7.
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En agriculture de décrue, l’alimentation hydrique des plantes est assurée par l’humidité résiduelle du sol. Cette étude avait pour but d’améliorer la productivité du maïs en vue de contribuer à l’atteinte de la sécurité alimentaire. Un essai factoriel (modalités de trempage X fertilisation) a été mis en place dans un dispositif en split plot. Les parcelles principales étaient constituées par quatre modalités de trempages (trempage à l’eau, trempage à l’eau fertilisée en NPK, trempage double enrobage NPK +PNT (Phosphate Naturel de Tilemsi), et le témoin absolu). Les parcelles secondaires étaient composées de trois niveaux de fertilisation (0 g/poquet d’engrais, 2,5 g/poquet d’engrais NPK et 5 g/poquet d’engrais NPK). Le gain en rendement grain était de 90% pour le trempage à l’eau, 145% pour celui à l’eau fertilisée et de 202% concernant le trempage à double enrobage comparativement au témoin. L’augmentation du rendement tiges était respectivement de 81%, 126% et 137% pour le trempage à l’eau simple, à l’eau fertilisée et avec le double enrobage. Ces augmentations en grain ont été valorisées par l’effet d’apport d’engrais avec respectivement +87% et +57% pour la dose 5 g/poquet d’engrais NPK et 2,5 g/poquet d’engrais NPK. Ces technologies éprouvées doivent être proposées aux producteurs.
In floodplain agriculture, the plants are supplied with water from residual soil moisture. The aim of this study was to improve maize yields in a sustainable manner in order to contribute to food security. A factorial trial (priming modalities X fertilization) was set up in a split plot design. The main plots were constituted by four seed priming modalities (priming with single water, priming with NPK dissolved in water, double coated with NPK +PNT (Phosphate Naturel de Tilemsi) and the control priming) and secondary plots by three levels of micro-dose fertilization (0 g/hill of fertilizer, 2.5 g/hill of NPK fertilizer and 5 g/hill of NPK fertilizer). Grain yield gain was about 90% for the single priming with water, 145% for the priming using fertilized water and 202% for the double-coated compared to the control. The increase in straw yield was 81%, 126% and 137% for the single priming with water, priming with fertilized water and double coating, respectively. These increases in grain yield were enhanced by the effect of fertilizer application leading to +87% for the treatment with 5 g/hill of NPK and +57% for the one with 2.5 g/hill of NPK. These proven technologies should be offered to producers.
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Kovtun, Olena V. "Pluriatividade e agroindústrias rurais no Maranhão: uma análise baseada no censo agropecuário de 2006." Revista Pós Ciências Sociais 16, no. 32 (January 12, 2020): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2236-9473.v16n32p189-217.
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No artigo, propõe-se a caracterização de algumas agroindústrias rurais no estado do Maranhão, baseada nos dados do Censo Agropecuário de 2006. Como ponto de partida para a pesquisa, serviu o fato de que as agroindústrias de produtos agropecuários se destacam como principais atividades entre as ocupações pluriativas dos agricultores familiares do estado. A escolha de agroindústrias para análise é fundamentada pela sua importância no sistema de produção agroalimentar e pela maior participação da agricultura familiar nos valores agregados dos produtos processados. Na literatura pesquisada, defende-se a visão de que, no contexto de pluriatividade a diversifcação das atividades, que ocorre por meio de criação de agroindústrias familiares, de pequeno porte e artesanais, pode ser apontada como uma alternativa econômicapara que a agricultura familiar possa permanecer e desenvolver-se em paralelo com as agroindústrias de grande escala e, assim, contribuir para a construção de um novo modelo de desenvolvimento dentro do qual o rural seja pensado como um todo, e não mais apenas ligado à produção agrícola.Palavras-chave: Pluriatividade. Agroindústrias. Agricultura familiar. Censo agropecuário 2006. PLURIACTIVITY AND RURAL AGROINDUSTRIES IN MARANHÃO: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE 2006 AGRICULTURAL CENSUSAbstractThe article proposes the characterization of some rural agroindustries in the state of Maranhão based on data from the 2006 Agricultural Census. As a starting point for the research served the fact that agroindustries of agricultural products stand out as the main activities among the pluriactive occupations of the family farmers of the State. The choice of agroindustries for analysis is based on their importance in the agro-food production system and the greater participation of family agriculture in the aggregated values of processed products. In the researched literature, it is defended the view that, in the context of pluriactivity, the diversification of activities that occurs through the creation of small family and artisanal agroindustries, can be pointed out as an economic alternative so that family agriculture can remain and developin parallel to the large-scale production and thus contribute to the construction of a new model of development in which the rural is thought as a whole and no longer only linked to agricultural production.Keywords: Pluriactivity. Agroindustries. Family farming. 2006 Agricultural census.
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Krechetnikova, E. O., V. V. Krechetnikov, I. E. Titov, and V. K. Kuznetsov. "Geoinformation system for designing adaptive landscape farming systems on the radioactively contaminated territory of the Tula research institute of agriculture." Geoinformatika, no. 4 (2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47148/1609-364x-2020-4-12-19.
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GIS project was developed for the radioactively contaminated territory of the Tulskii NII. It was created in order to project the adaptive landscape agricultures. It was based on the information on the concentrations of 137Cs radionuclide in soil, compiled over 16 years. Electronic maps have been developed to create a GIS project and included the location of agricultural lands; crop rotation systems; distribution of specific activity values for artificial 137Cs radionuclide in agricultural lands; agrochemical indexes (the humus content, potassium content, contribution of phosphorus, the acidity), soil types, relief. The created GIS project and the corresponding data bases will be used to collect, store and analyse the results of the survey in order to project the adaptive landscape agricultures. Key words: GIS project, adaptive landscape agriculture, agricultural lands, radiation safety.
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Oliveira, Letícia Cunha de Andrade, and Adriana Schor. "DO BRASIL PARA MOÇAMBIQUE: transferência e implementação do programa mais alimentos." Revista de Políticas Públicas 24, no. 2 (December 27, 2020): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v24n2p782-801.
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O Programa Mais Alimentos Internacional combina a convencional cooperação técnica em agricultura com uma linha de crédito direcionada a pequenos agricultores moçambicanos para aquisição de maquinário brasileiro para o mercado agrícola. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de implementação do PMAI em Moçambique. Para tanto, realiza cerca de quarenta entrevistas no Brasil e em Moçambique, uma pesquisa de campo de quinze dias em onze municípios de Moçambique, inclusive na zona rural, e análise de comunicação telegráfica entre os governos brasileiro e moçambicano. Acombinação dessas técnicas permitiu concluir que a) o PMAI em Moçambique não impactou significativamente nenhum dos lados envolvidos na cooperação, b) o Brasil pode superar o discurso tradicional da diplomacia e se beneficiar dacooperação sul-sul através de ganhos comerciais e c) o PMAI, embora tenha proporcionado aumento da produtividade dos agricultores moçambicanos de forma geral, esbarrou no problema do acesso ao mercado.Palavras-chave: Programa Mais Alimentos Internacional. Brasil. Moçambique. Transferência. Implementação.FROM BRAZIL TO MOZAMBIQUE: transference and implementation of More Food ProgramAbstractMore Food Program combines the conventional technical cooperation in agriculture with a credit line directed to Mozambican small farmers for acquiring Brazilian agricultural machinery. This article aims at analyzing MFP’s implementation in Mozambique, goal that was fulfilled through the following techniques - almost forty interviews in Brazil and Mozambique, a field research in eleven Mozambican municipalities, including the rural zone, and analysis of telegraphic communication between Brazilian and Mozambican governments. The combination of these techniques showed that a) MFP did not materially impact any of the sides involved in this cooperation, b) Brazil can overcome traditional diplomatic discourse and benefit from south-south cooperation through commercial gains and c) MFP enables Mozambican farmers to increase their productivity but comes into conflict with market access issues.Keywords: More Food International Program. Brazil. Mozambique. Transference. Implementation.
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Carvalho, Jéssyca Ketterine, and Andressa Alves Silva Panatta. "A Revolução Biotecnológica e os Reflexos da Modernização Agrícola." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 25, no. 5-esp (March 14, 2022): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2021v25n5-espp682-687.
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Com a modernização da agricultura, diversos danos foram causados pelo uso excessivo de agroquímicos e a monocultura (cultivo de uma única cultura). A biotecnologia, no decorrer do seu processo evolutivo, vem contribuindo em vários aspectos para remediar os reflexos negativos causados ao longo dos anos pela evolução agrícola, utilizando técnicas da engenharia genética. Com isso, este estudo teve como foco analisar a viabilidade da aplicação biotecnológica na agricultura, bem como seus reflexos positivos e negativos, tanto no âmbito ambiental, econômico e social. A metodologia utilizada foi de cunho qualitativo, com objetivo exploratório, por meio de revisão bibliográfica. A velocidade com que a modernização agrícola evolui é surpreendente, porém em função de alto nível de exploração ocorre um agravamento em questões ambientais, sociais e econômicas que merecem destaque e cautela. A biotecnologia utiliza novas técnicas com capacidades de auxiliar no rendimento e qualidade na agricultura, por meio de plantas geneticamente modificadas, controladores biológicos de pragas agrícolas, aumento nutricional dos alimentos, entre outros, desenvolvendo assim uma agricultura sustentável, visando qualidade de vida e bem-estar da sociedade e preservando o meio ambiente. Porém, essas práticas também apresentam reflexos negativos, que necessitam de cautela e remediação para tornar uma técnica mais promissora e aproveitável. Palavras-chave: Revolução Verde. Modernização Agrícola. Engenharia Genética, Meio Ambiente. Abstract With the agriculture modernization, several damages were caused by the excessive use of agrochemicals and monoculture (cultivation of a single crop). The biotechnology in course of its evolutionary process has contributed in several aspects to remedy the negative reflexes caused throughout the years by agricultural evolution, using genetic engineering techniques. Thus, this study focused on analyzing the feasibility of biotechnology application in agriculture as well as its positive and negative effects in the environmental, economic and social spheres. The methodology was qualitative, with an exploratory objective, by means of a bibliographical review. The speed that agricultural modernization evolves is surprising, however, due to the high level of exploitation there is a worsening in environmental, social and economic issues that deserve highlighting and caution. Biotechnology uses new techniques with capabilities to assist in yield and quality in agriculture through genetically modified plants, biological control of agricultural pests, and nutritional food increase, among others, thus developing a sustainable agriculture, aiming at the society quality of life and welfare and preserving the environment. However, this practice also presents negative reflexes that need caution and remediation to make a more promising and usable technique. Keywords: Green Revolution,. Agricultural Modernization. Genetic Engineering.
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Carvalho, Jéssyca Ketterine, and Andressa Alves Silva Panatta. "A Revolução Biotecnológica e os Reflexos da Modernização Agrícola." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 25, no. 5-esp. (March 14, 2022): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2021v25n5-esp.p682-687.
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Com a modernização da agricultura, diversos danos foram causados pelo uso excessivo de agroquímicos e a monocultura (cultivo de uma única cultura). A biotecnologia, no decorrer do seu processo evolutivo, vem contribuindo em vários aspectos para remediar os reflexos negativos causados ao longo dos anos pela evolução agrícola, utilizando técnicas da engenharia genética. Com isso, este estudo teve como foco analisar a viabilidade da aplicação biotecnológica na agricultura, bem como seus reflexos positivos e negativos, tanto no âmbito ambiental, econômico e social. A metodologia utilizada foi de cunho qualitativo, com objetivo exploratório, por meio de revisão bibliográfica. A velocidade com que a modernização agrícola evolui é surpreendente, porém em função de alto nível de exploração ocorre um agravamento em questões ambientais, sociais e econômicas que merecem destaque e cautela. A biotecnologia utiliza novas técnicas com capacidades de auxiliar no rendimento e qualidade na agricultura, por meio de plantas geneticamente modificadas, controladores biológicos de pragas agrícolas, aumento nutricional dos alimentos, entre outros, desenvolvendo assim uma agricultura sustentável, visando qualidade de vida e bem-estar da sociedade e preservando o meio ambiente. Porém, essas práticas também apresentam reflexos negativos, que necessitam de cautela e remediação para tornar uma técnica mais promissora e aproveitável. Palavras-chave: Revolução Verde. Modernização Agrícola. Engenharia Genética, Meio Ambiente. Abstract With the agriculture modernization, several damages were caused by the excessive use of agrochemicals and monoculture (cultivation of a single crop). The biotechnology in course of its evolutionary process has contributed in several aspects to remedy the negative reflexes caused throughout the years by agricultural evolution, using genetic engineering techniques. Thus, this study focused on analyzing the feasibility of biotechnology application in agriculture as well as its positive and negative effects in the environmental, economic and social spheres. The methodology was qualitative, with an exploratory objective, by means of a bibliographical review. The speed that agricultural modernization evolves is surprising, however, due to the high level of exploitation there is a worsening in environmental, social and economic issues that deserve highlighting and caution. Biotechnology uses new techniques with capabilities to assist in yield and quality in agriculture through genetically modified plants, biological control of agricultural pests, and nutritional food increase, among others, thus developing a sustainable agriculture, aiming at the society quality of life and welfare and preserving the environment. However, this practice also presents negative reflexes that need caution and remediation to make a more promising and usable technique. Keywords: Green Revolution,. Agricultural Modernization. Genetic Engineering.
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Brožová, H., T. Šubrt, and J. Bartoška. "Knowledge maps in agriculture and rural development." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 54, No. 11 (December 2, 2008): 546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/263-agricecon.
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The possibility of knowledge maps use in the decision-making process in agriculture and rural development is discussed in this paper. Each knowledge map presents a visualization of knowledge using different tools, where a mathematical model can be applied as one of them. The hierarchical structure of a knowledge map conforms to the general structure of a mathematical model. The mathematical model, when successfully solved and correctly read, is a knowledge map in itself. The parallels exist also between the creation process of a mathematical model and of a knowledge map. In general, every phase of a system approach can lead to a special knowledge map. The following paper explains this process and demonstrates it on the farm production structure optimisation problem solved by using a linear programming model.
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Costa, Sidney Anderson Teixeira da, Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza, Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim, George do Nascimento Araújo Júnior, Cleber Pereira Alves, Carlos André Alves de Souza, Kaique Renan da Silva Salvador, and Thieres George Freire da Silva. "Técnicas hidricamente eficientes e modelagem: estratégias para a sustentabilidade e intensificação da agricultura frente às mudanças do clima em ambientes suscetíveis à desertificação." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 7 (January 3, 2022): 4013. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.7.p4013-4034.
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Em regiões suscetíveis a desertificação, como é o caso do Semiárido, o uso de tecnologias hídricas pode servir como ferramenta para mitigar os impactos ambientais, aumentar a eficiência no uso da água e garantir uma menor estacionalidade da produção. Nesta revisão, buscamos abordar as principais estratégias que podem contribuir para a sustentabilidade, intensificação e planejamento da atividade agrícola nas regiões com riscos de desertificação. Para isso, discutiu-se os problemas e as principais características ambientais das áreas suscetíveis a esse processo; abordou-se o uso de tecnologias hídricas (e.g. adoção de espécies vegetais resistentes ao estresse hídrico, uso de clones/cultivares mais adaptados à condições estressantes, intensidade de corte, cultivo, uso de cobertura morta), práticas que visam aumentar a eficiência do uso da água na agricultura; destacou-se o modelo AquaCrop da FAO como ferramenta para inferir sobre o impacto de possíveis cenários ambientais na agricultura, bem como simular as melhores estratégias de resiliência; e, por fim, frisou-se outros conceitos relacionados a sustentabilidade da agricultura como: eficiência no uso da água, agricultura verde, e caracterizadores de um sistema agrícola. Nossos achados reforçam a necessidade de uma visão holística dos agroecossistemas para integrar as tecnologias hídricas a outras estratégias de aumento da eficiência no uso dos recursos e de redução a liberação de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), de modo a contribuir com a sustentabilidade da atividade e a mitigação dos impactos no meio ambiente. Outrossim, com a utilização da modelagem é possível prever os impactos que as condições climáticas futura proporcionarão ao planeta, de modo a planejar estratégias mais eficazes para a convivência da agricultura com as mudanças do clima.Palavras-chave: AquaCrop; eficiência no uso da água; estratégias de resiliência agrícola. Water technologies and modeling: strategies in the search for sustainability and intensification of agriculture in susceptible environments to desertification A B S T R A C TIn regions susceptible to desertification, such as the semi-arid region, the use of water technologies can serve as tool to mitigate environmental impacts, increase water efficiency, and ensure a lower state of production. In this review, we seek to address the main strategies that can contribute to the sustainability, intensification and planning of agricultural activity in regions with desertification risks. To this end, the problems and main environmental characteristics of the areas susceptible to this process were discussed; the use of water technologies (e.g. adoption of plant species resistant to water stress, use of clones/cultivars more adapted to stressful conditions, cutting intensity, cultivation, use of mulch), practices aimed at increasing the efficiency of water use in agriculture; the FAO AquaCrop model was highlighted as a tool to infer about the impact of possible environmental scenarios on agriculture, as well as to simulate the best resilience strategies; and, finally, other concepts related to the sustainability of agriculture were emphasized, such as: efficiency in the use of water, green agriculture, and characterizations of an agricultural system. Our findings reinforce the need for a holistic view of agroecosystems to integrate water technologies with other strategies to increase resource efficiency and reduce the release of greenhouse gases (GHG), to contribute to the sustainability of the activity and the mitigation of impacts on the environment. Moreover, with the use of modeling it is possible to predict the impacts that future weather conditions will bring to the planet, to plan more effective strategies for the coexistence of agriculture with climate change.Keywords: AquaCrop; efficiency in water use; agricultural resilience strategies
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Fiúza, Ana Louise de Carvalho, Neide Maria de Almeida Pinto, and Gustavo Bastos Braga. "Os modos de vida dos agricultores pluriativos nas aldeias minhotas do noroeste de Portugal." Ciência Rural 44, no. 12 (December 2014): 2279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20131580.
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Este artigo teve por objetivo analisar o modo de vida do agricultor pluriativo, uma categoria em expansão na agricultura praticada não apenas nas aldeias minhotas do noroeste de Portugal, lócus deste estudo, mas em grande parte do mundo ocidental. Utilizou-se a aplicação de um survey, cross-sectional, aplicado a famílias de agricultores exclusivamente agrícolas e pluriativos, em 50% das freguesias da vila escolhida para este estudo. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram a urbanização do modo de vida dos agricultores pluriativos e inclusive dos que viviam exclusivamente da agricultura, apontando, contudo, para a compatibilidade da agricultura com este modo de vida mais tecnologizado e integrado à dinâmica das vilas e cidades
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Igarashi, Marco Antonio. "Perspectivas para o Desenvolvimento do Cultivo de Peixe na Agricultura Familiar." UNICIÊNCIAS 23, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2019v23n1p21-26.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma revisão acerca da piscicultura na agricultura familiar. O cultivo de peixe é vista como uma alternativa importante na produção de alimentos na piscicultura na agricultura familiar no Brasil. Os pequenos produtores agrícolas podem promover a piscicultura no Brasil. Para este tipo de cultivo, a tilápia tem características favoráveis para ser o peixe de escolha. Atualmente, na piscicultura na agricultura familiar as seguintes políticas públicas: Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf), o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) e o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) podem promover mudanças nas condições de vida e de produção das famílias. A piscicultura na agricultura familiar pode ser um sistema no qual uma ou mais famílias usam pequenos viveiros escavados em suas terras. Essas famílias podem produzir peixe suficiente para contribuir com proteínas animais para sua dieta e, possivelmente, até mesmo ajudar na renda, emprego de uma maneira simples e ambientalmente saudável. Palavras-chave: Agricultura Familiar. Piscicultura. Produção de alimento. AbstractThe aim of this study was to review the fish culture in family agriculture. Fish culture is seen as an important alternative in family fish culture in Brazil food production. Small agricultural producers can promote fish culture in Brazil. For this type of culture, tilapia is recommended. In the family fish culture, there are the following policies: National Family Farming Strengthening Program (Pronaf), the Program for Food Acquisition (PAA) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) can promote changes in the families wellbeing and production. Family agriculture fish culture can be a system in which one or more families use small ponds in their land. These families can produce enough fish to contribute with animal proteins to their diet, even possibly help in the family income, used in a simple and environmentally sound way. Keywords: Family Agriculture. Fish Culture. Food Production.
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Traore, Sidi Oumar, Alassane Ba, Doubangolo Coulibaly, Abdoul Kader Kone, Bouréma Kone, and Nangboro Ferdinand Dembele. "Production du fourrage de Mucuna pruriens pour l’alimentation des animaux et sa marge brute en zone cotonnière du Mali." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i1.11.
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En zone cotonnière du Mali, la situation d’affouragement des animaux est largement déficitaire. Pour améliorer la disponibilité des ressources fourragères, la recherche en partenariat avec les producteurs a introduit en milieu paysan la culture de Mucuna pruriens. Cette étude vise à évaluer les performances de M. pruriens dans la production du fourrage pour les animaux. Les essais ont été conduits par 25 producteurs répartis dans 5 sites durant les campagnes agricoles 2015-2016, 2016-2017 et 2017-2018. Les essais étaient divisés en deux parcelles tests : culture pure de M. pruriens et association M. pruriens/maïs. La production moyenne en biomasse de M. pruriens pur sur les 3 campagnes agricoles a été de 4 363±1 491kg MS/ha. Cette production couvre les besoins en matière sèche de 7,76±2,65 UBT durant 90 jours. Pour l’association, la production de biomasse a été de 5 449±1 766 kg MS/ha, elle couvre les besoins en matière sèche de 9,69±3,14 UBT pendant 90 jours. La marge brute de la culture pure de M. pruriens est de 786 060±298 140 FCFA/ha. Pour l’association, elle est de 850 917±36 1887 FCFA/ha. La culture de M. pruriens favorise l’intégration agriculture-élevage tout en améliorant l’alimentation des animaux et les revenus des producteurs.
Mots clés: Exploitation agricole, date de semis, Cultures fourragères, M. pruriens, zone cotonnière.
English Title: Production of Mucuna pruriens fodder for animal feed and its gross margin in the cotton-growing zone of Mali
In Mali's cotton-growing zone, there is a large deficit in animal feed. To improve the availability of fodder resources, research in partnership with producers has introduced the cultivation of Mucuna pruriens into the farming environment. This study aims ed at evaluat’hg the performance of M. pruriens in the production of fodder for animals. The trials were conducted by 25 producers in 5 sites during the 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 crop years. The trials were divided into two test plots: pure culture of M. pruriens and M. pruriens/corn combination. The average biomass production of pure M. pruriens over the 3 cropping seasons was 4363±1,491kg MS/ha. This production covers the dry matter requirement of 7.76±2.65 Btu for 90 days. For the association, the biomass production was 5449±1,766 kg DM/ha, covering the dry matter requirement of 9.69±3.14 Btu for 90 days. The gross margin of the pure culture of M. pruriens is 786 060±298 140 FCFA/ha. For the association, it is 850 917±36 1887 FCFA/ha. The cultivation of M. pruriens promotes the integration of agriculture and livestock while improving animal nutrition and the income of producers.
Keywords: Farm, sowing date, fodder crops, M. pruriens, cotton are
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Assis, Elisangela Vilar de, Ianka Quirino Soares dos Santos, Marta Ligia Vieira Melo, Kamilla Zenóbya Ferreira Nóbrega de Souza, and Ubiraídys de Andrade Isidório. "ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE SINTOMAS RESPIRATÓRIOS, DADOS SOCIODEOGRÁFICOS E ANTROPOMETRIA EM AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES." RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218 2, no. 1 (February 6, 2021): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v2i1.59.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Cada país tem sua economia e grande parte dela advém do desenvolvimento do trabalho agrícola, responsável por atender às necessidades da população. Essa prática contribui de forma positiva, pois ajuda na renda familiar, mas também apresenta uma vertente negativa aos agricultores, pois a maioria trabalha de forma inadequada para sua segurança, correndo o risco de adquirir doenças respiratórias ocupacionais. OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre sintomas respiratórios, dados sociodeográficos e antropometria em agricultores familiares. MATERIAIS E MÉTODO: A pesquisa foi desenvolvida nas residências dos agricultores. Essa abordagem ocorreu durante os meses de fevereiro e março de 2020. Participaram da pesquisa agricultores de ambos os sexos, a partir de 18 anos de idade. Foram excluídos os que tiveram menos de seis meses de trabalho na agricultura, os que possuíram doença respiratória diagnosticada antes do início do trabalho na agricultura. Foram coletados dados referentes às informações sociodemográficas, sintomas respiratórios e dados antropométricos. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que, entre os mais velhos, a maioria é analfabeta, trabalha há mais de 20 anos e possui carga horária semanal de mais de 60 horas. Os jovens e os idosos têm as medidas antropométricas diferentes comparadas com a idade, não sendo constatada correlação entre dados antropométricos e sintomas respiratórios nas pessoas mais jovens. Por fim, mais tempo de trabalho esteve relacionado a sibilos e tosse por pelo menos três meses. CONCLUSÃO: É necessária a assistência para a saúde desses trabalhadores, com estratégias de promoção e prevenção a saúde para prevenção das doenças respiratórias.
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Laveti, Mohini Devi, and M. K. Bariya. "PERCEPTION OF AGRICULTURAL GRADUATES TOWARDS AGRICULTURE AS A PROFESSION." Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 33, no. 1 (June 25, 2022): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2022.33.1.0009.
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The present scenario of rising unemployment among the agricultural graduates must be replaced by taking up agriculture as their profession and also to increase the production and productivity in agriculture. Thus, a study was conducted in all the four State Agricultural Universities of Gujarat, to know the perception of agricultural graduates towards agriculture as a profession and to find out the characteristics that influence their perception. One college from each university was selected randomly. From each selected college thirty agricultural graduates were selected randomly. Thus, the total sample size was 120 agricultural graduates. The study was conducted using a questionnaire in the form of a google form. The study revealed that most of the agricultural graduates had medium level of perception towards agriculture as a profession. Age, academic performance, parental occupation, size of land holding, annual income, mass media exposure, achievement motivation, economic motivation, risk orientation and self-confidence had a positive and highly significant relationship; place of residence and agricultural business anxiety had a positive and significant relationship and family type and family size had a positive and non-significant relationship with the perception of agricultural graduates towards agriculture as a profession.
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Goswami, Pooja, and Dr Kiran Rana. "Credibility of Different Agricultural Information Sources Utilized by Farm Women of Uttarakhand." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 8, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i7.006.
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Credibility of agricultural information sources affects the adoption of new or improved agricultural practices by farmers. Credibility refers to perceived trustworthiness accorded to a source by its audience at any given time and situation. Therefore, Credible sources of agriculture information play major role in diffusion of agriculture innovations. This study was carried out in Nainital district of Uttarakhand state with specific objective to explore the relative credibility of information sources as accorded by the farm women of the region. A sample of 120 farm women was selected by PPS (Probability proportional to size) sampling method. The agriculture information sources were categorized into three broad heads namely personal localite, personal cosmopolite and mass media. It was found that majority (62.5%) of respondents had „medium‟ credibility towards agriculture information sources followed by 20 per cent having low credibility and only 17.5 per cent had high credibility to different agriculture information sources. It was further found that family members, KVK officials and newspaper were considered as the most credible sources of agricultural information among personal localite, personal cosmopolite and mass media sources.
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Anjos, Eliene Gomes dos, Ana Georgina Peixoto Rocha, and Daciane de Oliveira Silva. "cooperativismo como estratégia de fortalecimento da agricultura familiar na Bahia." DRd - Desenvolvimento Regional em debate 12, ed.esp.2(DossieCooperativismo) (May 27, 2022): 8–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24302/drd.v12ied.esp.2(dossiecooperativismo).3724.
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O avanço do cooperativismo da agricultura familiar tem sido considerado uma estratégia para o fortalecimento dessa categoria, com efeitos positivos nos territórios rurais. Essa expansão apresenta dinâmicas diferentes, refletindo contextos específicos da realidade brasileira e de sua agricultura familiar. Esse artigo objetiva discutir as condições socioeconômicas dos agricultores familiares da Bahia, com foco nos estabelecimentos agropecuários familiares inseridos em cooperativas. Busca-se dimensionar o papel que o cooperativismo tem desempenhado no fortalecimento da agricultura familiar no estado. A metodologia foi baseada nos dados do Censo Agropecuário 2017, na base de dados Sidra, a partir da escolha de variáveis selecionadas agregadas nas seguintes informações: características dos estabelecimentos agropecuários e dos produtores, da movimentação financeira e pessoal ocupado. Os resultados apontam que a inserção em cooperativas contribui, em certa medida, para alterar aspectos produtivos/comerciais e socioeconômicos dos agricultores familiares cooperados da Bahia, com uma maior produção direcionada para a comercialização, importância da renda obtida nos estabelecimentos e mais assistência técnica. Como conclusão, apontam-se avanços, mas, também, a persistência da vulnerabilidade social de grande parte da agricultura familiar. Palavras-chave: Cooperativas. Agricultores familiares. Desenvolvimento territorial.
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VANGU, Gheorghe Marian, Marius MILUȚ, Alin CROITORU, Irina CROITORU, and Nicolae Cătălin DINUCĂ. "THE USE OF DRONES AND SENSORS IN AGRICULTURE." "Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture Montanology Cadastre Series " 52, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aamc.v52i2.1416.
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This paper presents the possibilities and benefits of using drones in agriculture, especially in precision agriculture. In the first part of the paper, basic notions regarding drones in the agricultural context, legislative and flight safety aspects are presented, defined and clarified. In the second part of the paper, the most used sensors in agriculture are introduced, the benefits and the main stages of using drones in agriculture are presented, related to the life span of a crop and the duration of the agricultural year. This paper encourages and justifies the use of drones both in current agricultural operations and by applying photogrammetric methods and generating digital products such as orthophoto plans, thematic maps and digital terrain models.
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Alves, Raynon Joel Monteiro, Ana Lúcia Nunes Gutjahr, and Altem Nascimento Pontes. "A AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA PARA OS POVOS AMAZÔNICOS: O CASO DO MUNICÍPIO DE MARAPANIM, PARÁ." PEGADA - A Revista da Geografia do Trabalho 21, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33026/peg.v21i3.7792.
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Este estudo objetivou caracterizar e analisar o perfil e a estrutura produtiva de agricultores de três comunidades rurais (Cipoteua, Guarajubal e Porto Alegre) do município de Marapanim-PA. Foram aplicados formulários semiestruturados aos agricultores e os dados coletados foram analisados quantitativamente em frequências e pelo Teste G. Nas três comunidades, os agricultores foram predominantemente nativos, com mínima escolaridade e poder aquisitivo, e a agricultura correspondeu a uma alternativa de produção de alimentos e de renda. Tais produtores não diferiram em relação aos fatores socioeconômicos, exceto quanto à renda mensal. A agricultura praticada era de base familiar, pelo sistema tradicional, sendo a mandioca o produto mais cultivado e a farinha, o sub-produto mais comercializado. As famílias de Cipoteua foram as mais dependentes da agricultura.
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Oymatov, Rustam, and Sanjarbek Safayev. "Creation of a complex electronic map of agriculture and agro-geo databases using GIS techniques." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 03020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125803020.
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This article is devoted to the creation of complex electronic maps of agriculture and agro-geo databases on the basis of geoformation systems (GIS) and technologies. Scientific and practical research on the mapping of the agricultural sector conducted by scientists from foreign countries, the Commonwealth of Independent States and Uzbekistan. Analyzing the research on the classification of agricultural maps, the classification of agricultural maps for the Republic of Uzbekistan is proposed. Content elements of maps covering agricultural sectors and infrastructure objects have been developed by studying topo geodesic, field research, statistical data and classification of agricultural maps. Analyzing the scientific and applied research work on the creation of maps of the studied area, a technological system for creating an electronic map of agriculture using GIS and technologies was developed. This technological system involves the initial data collection, software selection, thematic layer development, conditional character processing, printing, and other processes in creating an agricultural map. A technological system for creating an agro-geo databases has been developed using the proposed content elements, topographic and geodetic works, statistical data and the capabilities of GIS technologies. The agro-geo databases are a standard environment that can be integrated into computers, Internet networks and mobile devices, as well as manage, store and edit agricultural data using ArcGIS software.
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Kołodziejczak, Anna. "METHODS EMPLOYED IN RESEARCH ON THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURE." Quaestiones Geographicae 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2013-0031.
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Abstract The research conducted in the field of agricultural geography concerns both, the conditions and factors controlling the spatial structure of rural areas. It includes several lines of study, like an assessment of the natural environment for agricultural purposes, designing land-use maps, examining agricultural suburban zones, model approaches to agriculture, the spatial structure of agriculture, methods of the typology and regionalisation of agriculture, or multi- functionality of agriculture. They make use of a great variety of methods. This article presents methods employed in research on the spatial structure of agriculture. It defines the notion of a spatial structure, the consequences that follow from it, and methodological assumptions. The methods discussed embrace statistical methods of studying the spatial structure of agriculture, those used to determine elements predominating in this structure and to describe its heterogeneity, as well as mathematical and spatial-econometric models.
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Kronbauer, Elenice Andréa, Marina Augusta Tauil Bernardo, Cândida Zanetti, and Elaine Biondo. "ORGANIZAÇÃO DE CONTROLE SOCIAL DEFENSORES DA NATUREZA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA SOBRE REGULARIZAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO ORGÂNICA EM ARROIO DO MEIO, RS (SOCIAL CONTROL ORGANIZATION DEFENDERS OF THE NATURE: REPORT OF EXPERIENCE ON REGULARIZATION OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION IN ARROIO DO MEIO, RS)." Revista GeoNordeste, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33360/rgn.2318-2695.2019.i2especial.p.104-118.
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RESUMO:O presente trabalho visa relatar e caracterizar o processo de construção e formação de um Organismo de Controle Social com agricultores familiares no município de Arroio do Meio, RS, os quais produzem alimentos em sistemas de produção de base agroecológica. Os agricultores receberam o certificado do Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) para a venda direta dos produtos orgânicos em feiras de agricultores locais e distribuição em programas institucionais. Foram acompanhados desde a primeira reunião, tendo sido realizada entrevista com os agricultores a fim de compreender aspectos relacionados as percepções dos mesmos sobre o processo de produção orgânica. É perceptível a satisfação econômica e a realização pessoal em ver e manter a propriedade, não somente como um local para produção de alimentos, mas como um lugar com qualidade de vida e convívio familiar.Palavras-chave: Sustentabilidade. Certificação. Agroecossistemas. Agricultura alternativa. ABSTRACT:This paper aims to report and characterize the process of construction and formation of a Social Control Body with family farmers in the municipality of Arroio do Meio, RS, which produce food in agroecological based production systems. Farmers received the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) certificate for the direct sale of organic products at local farmers' fairs and distribution in institutional programs. They were followed up since the first meeting, with an interview with farmers in order to understand aspects related to their perceptions about the organic production process. Economic satisfaction and personal fulfillment are perceived in seeing and maintaining property, not only as a place for food production, but as a place with quality of life and family life.Keywords: Sustainability. Certification. Agro-ecosystems. Alternative agriculture.
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Ferreira, João Victor Rego, Bárbara Alvarenga Peckle, Andressa Sbano Silva, Angel da Silva Gomes, Vanessa Monteiro Santana, and Ida Carolina Neves Direito. "Pesticidas aplicados na lavoura e o risco à saúde pública: Uma revisão da literatura." Cadernos UniFOA 9, no. 24 (April 10, 2014): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47385/cadunifoa.v9.n24.121.
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Esta revisão mostra um breve histórico de pesticidas aplicados na agricultura brasileira e aponta algumas dificuldades do mau uso destes produtos, que podem contaminar o meio ambiente e resultar em danos à saúde dos agricultores e consumidores. Discutimos sobre a importância da ingestão de hortaliças frente a contaminação destas por pesticidas. Acreditamos que a ingestão de hortaliças é um habito saudável que deve ser estimulado, mas faz-se necessário, cada vez mais, o respeito a legislação vigente e uma maciça conscientização de agricultores e consumidores sobre pesticidas.
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Severo, Marconi. "agriculturas familiares do Sul do Brasil." Revista Campo-Território 17, no. 44 Abr. (May 20, 2022): 299–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/rct174413.
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Desde que a Agricultura Familiar foi reconhecida como uma das mais proeminentes categorias sociais e econômicas do meio rural brasileiro, estudos destacam que a porção meridional do país é responsável pela maior contratação de crédito rural, que seria contratado e distribuído equitativamente entre os agricultores da região. Este artigo, baseado nas análises de dados sobre o perfil socioeconômico, de um lado, e sobre a dinâmica de contratação de crédito rural, de outro, contrapõe a essa concepção o argumento de que o Sul não é homogêneo e que tampouco existe uma distribuição equitativa do crédito contratado. Ao contrário, os achados evidenciam que existem agriculturas familiares distintas, consolidadas e em vias de consolidação, que são social e economicamente condicionadas sobretudo pelo contexto regional onde se situam e pela relação que estabelecem com outros perfis de agricultores.
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Valdiani, Dini, Yogaprasta Adinugraha, and Mariana R. A. Siregar. "Attendance Of Mass Media And Parents In Defining The Value Of Agriculture In The Eyes Of Rural (Case Study of Rural Youth at Horticulture Center in Cianjur Regency)." JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2017): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v1i1.370.
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The scarcity of human resources in the agricultural sector or the semi-forced involvement of most of agricultural labors due to the unavailability of other alternatives, has resulted in the unoptimized production process. The young peoples attitude toward farmer as a profession and its agriculture activity is affected by three major aspects, i.e. micro aspect (parents, friends, and mass media); messo aspect (the nearby community); and macro aspect (the society). This study investigates the micro aspect in building agricultural values on young people. The study used a descriptive qulitative approach to reveal the reality of value transfer from parents and also mass media to young people in rural area. The study finds that parents particularly the father as the main actor in transferring agricultural values to young people. Television is the most accessed mass media by young people. Young people still have the interest in working in the agricultural sector, not as a main job but as a side job.Keywords: attendance of mass media and parents, value of agriculture in the eyes of rural
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Podryadchikova, Ekaterina, Larisa Gileva, Aleksey Dubrovsky, and Elena Lobanova. "Use of geoinformation systems for forecasting and recognizing crisis situations in agriculture." E3S Web of Conferences 296 (2021): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129603004.
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This article covers the necessity of use of geoinformation systems for forecasting and recognizing crisis situations in agriculture. The method of creation of thematic maps was offered as a tool by the authors of the article, three thematic maps were obtained for functional zoning by the indicators of: financial state of agricultural production, ecological state expressed in monetary equivalent and forecast of crisis states in agriculture. The given method was proved within the boundaries of the 121 village councils of the central part of Novosibirsk region for 64 agricultural companies of different forms of organization.
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Theuvsen, Ludwig. "Risks and Risk Management in Agriculture." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 13, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2013.13.4.73.
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Agriculture has always been exposed to a wide spectrum of risks. But it is largely undisputed that farmers have faced growing risks in recent years. More volatile agricultural and input prices, climate change, ongoing discussions about the future of the Common Agricultural Policy, increasing difficulty in finding qualified farm workers, and growing criticism of modern intensive agriculture from the wider public and the mass media are just a few of the risks farmers have to cope with. Therefore, risk management has become highly relevant in agriculture. In this paper, we highlight the need for systematic risk management and outline a systematic agricultural risk management approach. Empirical results illustrate farmers’ risk perceptions and their preferred risk management strategies.
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ORELLANA, BRUNA BARBARA MACIEL AMORAS, Ailton Teixeira do Vale, Jorge Breno Palheta Orellana, Bruno Sant'Anna Chaves, and Alessandro César de Oliveira Moreira. "Caracterização CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS AGROINDUSTRIAIS DA REGIÃO DO DISTRITO FEDERAL PARA FINS ENERGÉTICOS." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 35, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2020v35n1p46-61.
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CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS AGROINDUSTRIAIS DA REGIÃO DO DISTRITO FEDERAL PARA FINS ENERGÉTICOS
BRUNA BARBARA MACIEL AMORAS ORELLANA¹, AILTON TEIXEIRA DO VALE², JORGE BRENO PALHETA ORELLANA³, BRUNO SANT'ANNA CHAVES4, ALESSANDRO CÉZAR DE OLIVEIRA MOREIRA5
¹Heko Tech Consultoria, SIG, Quadra 4, Lote 25, CEP 70610-440, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, bruna_amoras@hotmail.com
² Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, ailton.vale@gmail.com
³Heko Tech Consultoria, SIG, Quadra 4, Lote 25, CEP 70610-440, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, breno_jb@hotmail.com
4Laboratório de Bioenergia, Serviço Florestal Brasileiro, SCEN, Trecho 2, CEP 70818-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, bruno.chaves@florestal.gov.br
5Laboratório de Produtos Florestais, Serviço Florestal Brasileiro, SCEN, Trecho 2, CEP 70818-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, alessandro.moreira@florestal.gov.br
RESUMO: O Distrito Federal, apesar do seu restrito limite geográfico, tem apresentado potencial de crescimento e desenvolvimento de uma das agriculturas mais tecnológicas do país. As atividades agrícolas geram expressiva quantidade de resíduos que podem se tornar um passivo ambiental se não forem corretamente destinados. Visando contribuir para que o agronegócio da região do DF seja mais eficiente e sustentável, este trabalho objetivou caracterizar alguns resíduos agrícolas para seu aproveitamento energético. Utilizaram-se 10 tipos de resíduos, a fim de determinar o teor de umidade, análise imediata, análise química, granulometria, poder calorífico, densidade a granel e densidade energética. Os resíduos que apresentaram características energéticas mais aceitáveis foram: madeira de madeireira, madeira de construção civil, palha de milho e sabugo de milho. O feijão foi satisfatório, com ressalvas para o teor de cinzas. A quirela de milho e de sorgo não apresentou aptidão como fonte de energia devido ao excesso de amido.
Palavras-chave: agricultura, bioenergia, biomassa, centro-oeste, energias renováveis.
CHARACTERIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES FROM FEDERAL DISTRICT REGION FOR ENERGY PURPOSES
ABSTRACT: The Federal District, although restricted geographical limit, has shown potential for growth and development of one of the most technological agriculture in the country. Agricultural activities generate a significant amount of waste that can become an environmental liability if not properly disposed. Aiming to contribute to the DF region agribusiness be more efficient and sustainable, this paper aims to characterize some agricultural residues for energy use. It was used 10 types of residues, where the moisture content, immediate analysis, chemical analysis, granulometry, heating value, bulk density and energy density were verified. The residues that presented the most acceptable energy characteristics were: timber, construction timber, corn straw and corn cob. The beans were satisfactory, with caveats to the ash content. Quirela of corn and sorghum showed no aptitude as energy source due to excess starch.
Keywords: agriculture, bioenergy, biomass, midwest, renewable energy.
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Carbonera, Roberto, Duglas De Jesus, Nilvo Basso, Leonir Terezinha Uhde, Carlos Adalberto Sebastiany, and Augustinho Alcione Bottega. "EVOLUÇÃO, TIPOLOGIA DE SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO E ESTRATÉGIAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO AGRÍCOLA." Revista Agroecossistemas 12, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.18542/ragros.v12i2.7713.
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O desenvolvimento da agricultura faz emergir a diversidade de sistemas de produção. Diante disso, realizou-se o diagnóstico da agricultura do município de São Miguel das Missões, RS, que abriga o sítio arqueológico São Miguel Arcanjo, patrimônio cultural da humanidade. Estudou-se a evolução da agricultura, o zoneamento agroecológico, a caracterização dos sistemas de produção e a definição de estratégicas de desenvolvimento. Realizaram-se quarenta e cinco entrevistas semiestruturadas junto a unidades de produção no primeiro e segundo semestres de 2017. Foram utilizados, também, mapas temáticos e dados secundários. As unidades de produção familiar, com menos de 50 hectares, representam 76,4% dos estabelecimentos e ocupam 13,13% da área, enquanto as unidades de produção com mais de 200 hectares representam 9%, mas detém 68,5% da área agrícola. A agricultura evoluiu em cinco períodos de acordo com fatos ecológicos, técnicos e socioeconômicos, porém possui uma experiência de mais de duzentos anos de criação de bovinos de corte. Foram identificados catorze tipos de sistemas de produção, que representam a diversidade técnica e socioeconômica da agricultura. Entre os tipos, três são caracterizados como patronais de grande porte, seis patronais e familiares de médio porte e cinco tipos de agricultores familiares de pequeno porte. Dois tipos de agricultores familiares de pequeno porte não atingem o nível de reprodução social e um tipo pecuarista familiar encontra dificuldade de se viabilizar. Estes tipos deveriam ser prioridades de políticas públicas para auxiliar na superação de seus entraves de desenvolvimento.
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Anokhina, Marina. "Parameters of the strategy for managing the economic growth of agricultural production in Russia." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 3 (March 31, 2020): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/255/2019-agricecon.
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Agricultural economic growth requires management due to poor structurization. The study aimed to determine the parameters of the management strategy for the economic growth of agriculture in Russia. The research methodology relies on cognitive technologies of modelling the strategic alternatives of the economic development of the industrial complex using fuzzy cognitive logic. Static and dynamic analysis of the fuzzy cognitive maps on structural and dynamic indicators of agricultural economic growth in Russia allowed the forecast of the industry trends, influenced by various management factors. The option of an integrated management strategy for the economic growth of agriculture in Russia is proposed together with strategic maps, justified as a tool for its implementation. The created strategic alternative will allow the Russian agricultural and industrial complex to use the existing agricultural potential to achieve the target growth indicators and ensure sustainability.
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Busungu, Constantine, Anne Gongwe, Daniel L. Naila, and Laura Munema. "COMPLEMENTING EXTENSION OFFICERS IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND EXTENSION SERVICES: UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF MEDIA AS CHANGE AGENTS IN MODERN AGRICULTURE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 248–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i6.2019.802.
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In conventional agriculture, extension officers are regarded as change agents. They intervene to bring about change through influencing innovation, technology transfer and decision-making process in order to help improve the lives of the farmers and their families. Farmers in 21st century have opportunity of receiving the majority of information about agriculture through mass media outlets as a result technology advancement.
A case study design was employed design utilizing mixed research approach focusing on Magu district as study area. The study used both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected using purposive sampling from a sample of 148 farmers whereas the secondary data were collected from Magu District’s agriculture, irrigation and cooperative office. The data collection tools included questionnaire, focused group discussion and semi-structured interview methods. The aim of this study was to investigate how mass media is serving both extension officers and farmers to enhance agriculture knowledge and technology adaptation in the wake of few extension officers.
We found extension officer to farmer ratio to be 1:1172 and 1:500 for crop and livestock farmer respectively. This ratio falls short from World Bank recommended standard ratio of 1:200-500 as well as below the Tanzania ministry of agriculture’s standard of two extension officers per village. The rapid development of social media platforms gives the specialty crop industry the ability to speak directly to the public, informing consumers about food production and encouraging them to become agriculture advocates.
The impact of mass media among the farmers in enhancing productivity was moderate. This was easily analyzed by examining the theme content in mass media in the country and frequency of media usage by both farmers and extension officers. Amongst various mass media radio and television channels emerged as the most used, most dominant, relevant, low-cost medium and user friendly for farmer-to-farmer-extension and to expose rural communities to new agricultural technologies and ideas. Social media is the most recent form of digital communication and on a global scale and already this study reveal farmers particularly that farmer with high level of education and high-income level using social media for agriculture.
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Lucena, Rafael Reckziegel de, Paulo Donizete, and Henrique Ianaze. "Os desafios dos produtores e comerciantes de orgânicos no Mercado Kinjo Yamato de São Paulo." Revista Ingesta 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2596-3147.v1i2p221-222.
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A agricultura surgiu há mais de dez mil anos, conforme Ernesto Paterniani, em sua obra Agricultura sustentável nos trópicos (2001). Ela foi uma das ferramentas mais importantes para a obtenção regular de alimentos e, consequentemente, para o combate à fome. Chegamos à metade do século XX ainda com problemas de fome no mundo. No período pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, a fome se agravou ainda mais e justificou o início do chamado Pacote Tecnológico da Agricultura. Apesar da melhoria de produtividade, tal modelo tem sido contestado por causar danos ao meio ambiente e à saúde da população. José Lutzenber em seu artigo “O absurdo da agricultura” (2001) já alertava para os riscos do uso intensivo de agrotóxicos e da monocultura. A agricultura sustentável ressurge, então, como uma alternativa capaz de oferecer alimentos saudáveis e com minimização de impactos ambientais. A engenheira agrônoma Ana Maria Primavese, em seu artigo “Revisão do conceito de agricultura orgânica: conservação do solo e seu efeito sobre a água” (2003), apresenta os benefícios e as vantagens de uma agricultura agroecológica. Esta pesquisa propõe a elaboração de um estudo de caso utilizando a metodologia de pesquisa exploratória, apoiada na pesquisa de campo realizada no Mercado Municipal paulistano Kinjo Yamato, objetivando entender, perante os produtores de orgânicos e comerciantes, integrantes do cinturão verde de São Paulo, suas características, conexões e principais dificuldades em escoamento e venda de produção. Nesse mercado encontram-se apenas quatro bancas, mas que estão nessa região há mais de 20 anos e enfrentam muitas dificuldades desde as alterações na localização, comercialização da produção e até mesmo incertezas sobre a possibilidade de continuidade em função de processos licitatórios de responsabilidade da Prefeitura Municipal. No Brasil, a defesa de um modelo de agricultora ecológica e sustentável vem sendo feita desde a década de 1970 por pesquisadores como José Lutzenberger e Ana Maria Primavese, que por sua atuação denunciavam a agricultura baseada no uso de agrotóxicos que levariam ao esgotamento dos solos, poluição de mananciais hídricos e extinção de animais. Ainda assim, o consumo de agrotóxicos não para de crescer. Entre 2000 e 2017, o Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis apontou que o Brasil aumentou em 135% o uso de agrotóxicos. A agricultura orgânica é uma alternativa para equilibrar os absurdos da agricultura química. É neste contexto que assume importância conhecer a realidade dos produtores de orgânicos e contribuir para entender os entraves ao seu desenvolvimento. Nessa pesquisa exploratória, procuraremos compreender as dificuldades encontradas pelos produtores na comercialização de seus produtos no Mercado Kinjo. E assim contribuir para que também a gastronomia seja um elemento de apoio a agricultores agroecológicos, visando à sustentabilidade dos produtores e à saúde da população.
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Kingemin, Oscar Assa, Zachée Houessingbe, Alexis Hougni, Innocent Adédédji Labiyi, and Jacob Afouda Yabi. "Perception Paysanne de la Durabilité des Exploitations Cotonnières du Nord-Bénin." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 16 (June 30, 2023): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n16p49.
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Les convictions des agriculteurs et leur engagement sont nécessaires pour l’atteinte du développement durable. Pourtant les études de la perception des agriculteurs sur la durabilité agricole sont encore très peu représentées dans la littérature. Pour combler ce gap, cette étude s’est proposée d’analyser la perception paysanne de l’agriculture durable dans le Nord-Bénin. A cet effet, une enquête a été conduite auprès de 250 producteurs de coton choisis de façon aléatoire. L’analyse de contenu, le calcul de l’Indice Composite de Perception (ICP) et la régression linéaire multiple ont été utilisés pour analyser les données collectées. Les résultats montrent que les producteurs entendent par agriculture durable une agriculture qui accède facilement à la main d’œuvre (19,2%), à la terre (56,4%), à l’eau de surface (24,4%), qui ne souffre pas de la baisse de la fertilité des sols (86,8%) mais surtout qui génère des revenus croissant avec le temps (89,2%). La répartition de l’indice de perception a montré que la plupart des producteurs (83,2%) ont une bonne perception de l’effet des pratiques agricoles sur la durabilité de l’agriculture. Les producteurs pensent donc que les systèmes de production agricole actuels ne compromettent pas la durabilité de leurs exploitations. L’âge, l’appartenance à un groupement et les contraintes liées à la terre et au marché sont les facteurs qui déterminent la perception des producteurs de l’effet des pratiques agricoles sur la durabilité des exploitations. Ces résultats ainsi obtenus pourraient aider à mieux orienter les politiques et projets œuvrant pour l’atteinte d’un développement durable.
Farmers' beliefs and commitment are necessary for the achievement of sustainable development. However, studies of farmers' perceptions of agricultural sustainability are still very poorly represented in the literature. To fill this gap, this study proposed to analyze the farmers' perception of sustainable agriculture in North Benin. To this end, a survey was conducted among 250 randomly selected cotton producers. Content analysis, calculation of the composite index of perception and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data collected. The results show that producers understand sustainable agriculture to mean agriculture that has easy access to labor (19.2%), land (56.4%), and surface water (24.4%), that does not suffer from declining soil fertility (86.8%), and above all that generates income that increases over time (89.2%). The distribution of the perception index shows that most producers (83.2%) have a good perception of the effect of agricultural practices on the sustainability of agriculture. Therefore, producers believe that the current agricultural production systems do not compromise the sustainability of their farms. Age, group membership, and land and market constraints are the factors that determine producers' perceptions of the effect of farming practices on farm sustainability. These results could help to better orient policies and projects working towards sustainable development.
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Triches, Rozane Marcia, Joseane Carla Schabarum, and Giovana Paludo Giombelli. "DEMANDA DE PRODUTOS DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR E CONDICIONANTES PARA A AQUISIÇÃO DE PRODUTOS ORGÂNICOS E AGROECOLÓGICOS PELA ALIMENTAÇÃO ESCOLAR NO SUDOESTE DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ/Demand for products from family farms and conditions for the acquisition..." REVISTA NERA, no. 31 (August 17, 2016): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.47946/rnera.v0i31.4095.
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O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a demanda para alimentos da agricultura familiar e os fatores relatados pelos atores que frustram ou condicionam a aquisição de produtos orgânicos e agroecológicos pela alimentação escolar na região sudoeste do Paraná. Realizou-se um estudo a partir da análise de chamadas públicas de uma amostra representativa de municípios e entrevistas semiestruturadas em dois municípios, um que adquiria e outro que não adquiria alimentos orgânicos/ agroecológicos, com gestores, agricultores e consumidores. A maioria dos municípios analisados demandou mais que o mínimo de 30% para compra de produtos de agricultores familiares. Nenhuma chamada pública apresentou demanda por produtos orgânicos e agroecológicos, porém alguns municípios relataram a compra destes produtos. Verificou-se contradições entre os discursos, os quais baseiam-se no reconhecimento do modelo agroecológico pela sua virtuosidade ambiental e de saúde, mas descrédito quanto a sua viabilidade econômica. A compra de produtos da agricultura familiar está se consolidando, mas ainda falta conscientização, conhecimento, diálogos e políticas públicas que incentivem a aquisição de produtos ecológicos para a alimentação escolar.
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Ferreira, Danúbia Leite, Maria Christine Werba Saldanha, Emanoel Dias Silva, Daniel Ferreira da Silva, and Olivia Dayse Leite Ferreira. "Compreendendo o contexto socioeconômico e as estratégias de subsistência de agroecossistemas: Um caminho para a sustentabilidade na agricultura familiar." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 3 (February 19, 2022): e21311326354. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26354.
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O desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar sob a perspectiva agroecológica é uma alternativa para a produção agrícola sustentável. Trata-se de agroecossistemas que atuam de forma positiva para a segurança e a soberania alimentares, embora possuam restrições de recursos, que são um desafio para a sua subsistência. Quanto ao objetivo, neste estudo, avaliaram-se os aspectos ligados ao desempenho da agricultura familiar agroecológica, aplicada a um contexto brasileiro. Mais especificamente, analisaram-se o desdobramento socioeconômico e as dinâmicas de estratégias para a subsistência. O trabalho foi fundamentado em estudos de casos, explorando-se evidências empíricas em três agroecossistemas situados na região nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de métodos interacionais e observações sistemáticas, envolvendo uma equipe multidisciplinar com participação ativa dos agricultores. Os resultados apontaram a necessidade de se alavancarem financeiramente os agricultores familiares de base agroecológica, de forma a viabilizar o desenvolvimento de uma alternativa de produção sustentável. Além disso, identificou-se um contexto agrícola com poucos recursos e várias restrições, mas em que os agricultores resistem e persistem no uso de práticas agroecológicas. Por fim, as abordagens que buscam compreender a realidade dos agricultores, apontando os indicadores socioeconômicos e as estratégias de subsistências, podem ser uma base para a atuação eficiente de organizações e elaboração de políticas públicas que busquem promover uma agricultura sustentável.
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Pan, Brunelle Balico, Angélika Cristina Bissolotti Dos Santos, and Vanessa Veis Ribeiro. "Saúde Vocal de Agricultores: as diferenças entre a alta precisão e a agricultura familiar." Revista Baiana de Saúde Pública 39, no. 3 (December 13, 2015): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2015.v39.n3.a1537.
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Objetivo: Caracterizar e comparar a ocorrência de sinais laríngeos e sintomas vocais em agricultores de alta precisão e naqueles da agricultura familiar. Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico e descritivo, de caráter quantitativo. Participaram da pesquisa 40 agricultores, do sexo masculino, sendo 20 de alta precisão (média de 33,25 anos) e 20 da agricultura familiar (média de 33,30 anos). Todos os sujeitos responderam a um questionário composto por perguntas objetivas a respeito de autopercepção vocal. Os dados foram analisados descritiva e estatisticamente por meio de dois testes não paramétricos, a análise de variância (ANOVA) e o χ2 de Pearson, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Agricultores que fazem uso da agricultura familiar estão há um período mais longo nessa profissão, atuam por mais tempo diariamente, possuem maior quantidade de sintomas vocais e sinais laríngeos e índice superior de contato direto com agrotóxicos, comparados aos agricultores de alta precisão. Porém, não houve destaque na ocorrência de nenhum sintoma vocal ou sinal laríngeo específico para um tipo de agricultura em especial. Conclusões: Os resultados encontrados caracterizam o grupo em questão como de risco para o desenvolvimento de patologias vocais e laríngeas.
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Soares, Érika Aparecidade de Araújo, Saint Clair Lira Santos, Laís Kisly Costa Silva, José Eduardo do Nascimento Cardoso, and Zandra Lorenna Coutinho de Melo Costa. "Sistemas de produção de base ecológica: Uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento sustentável." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 8 (July 17, 2021): e59810817554. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17554.
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Quando nos referimos à Agroecologia, estamos focalizando um conjunto de princípios (unidade) e, quando tratamos de Agriculturas Ecológicas, nos remetemos às manifestações concretas ou à materialização daqueles conceitos (diversidade), mediante formas de manejo específicas. Esse conjunto de iniciativas/experiências, a partir de uma visão holística, que considera a complexidade e a relação entre os diversos processos que ocorrem nos agroecossitemas, configura um modelo de agricultura com base em princípios ecológicos de produção, que contrapõe à agricultura moderna. O presente artigo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico acerca dos principais sistemas de produção de base ecológica, com ênfase no sistema orgânico. Através de descritores previamente selecionados realizou-se uma busca ativa nas principais plataformas de pesquisa, por artigos, dissertações e teses que abordassem como tema principal ou secundário as principais formas de agricultura ecológica: Biodinâmica, Natural, Biológica e Orgânica. Muito além da ausência do uso de agrotóxicos, a adesão a uma agricultura de base ecológica, de forma mais específica, a agricultura de base orgânica, é expansiva e envolve questões sociais, ambientais e econômicas. Além de intrinsicamente defender o direito a vida e a saúde, de produtores e consumidores, a agricultura ecológica engaja a prática de uma economia solidária, valorizando os pequenos agricultores e contribuindo para sua independência, além de trazer consigo pontos importantes como sustentabilidade, preservação ambiental, respeito aos saberes locais e não desperdício de alimentos e recursos.
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Bila, Svitlana. "Agricultural production strategies: world experience." University Economic Bulletin, no. 45 (May 27, 2020): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-45-7-21.
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Actual importance of research theme: Combating hunger and providing the Earth’s population with sufficient amount of products is considered one of the strategic priorities of human civilization sustainable development by the UN up to 2030. The rapid growth of this planet’s human population in the 21st century, estimated at 7.6. billion people, leads to the global demand for production and foodstuff. Simultaneously, traditional strategies of extensive development conventional in the 20th century and “target” intensification of agriculture do not take expected positive effect nowadays. World economy requires for new strategies of agricultural production, as well as promoting ‘green revolution’ based on the ground of IT technology advances and “Industry 4.0.”. The generalization of world experience concerning development and implementing agricultural production strategies in the 21st century is of greater theoretical and practical importance for all countries which export agricultural production in mass scales, including Ukraine which focuses on the leadership in the world agricultural business. Thus, the urgency of the issue confirms the actual importance of this article. The problem statement. Foodstuff output in world economy is growing slowly and does not meet the increasing demand for food and agricultural products in industry in global scales. Under these conditions the manufacturers of agricultural products like farmers, agro-businesses and agro-holdings, as well as transnational corporation alter and modify agricultural strategies that were conventional in the 20th century. Among the new strategies transition to precision farming and innovational agriculture based on implementing IT technologies takes the leading role. The core and socio-economic consequences of such strategy implementation require further study. Analysis of latest studies and publication. The important contribution to the study of the core and dimensions of agricultural production strategies linked to innovation and investment development as well as to improvement property relations is made by such Ukrainian scholars as P. Makarenko, V. Pilyavskiy [1] and O. Shul’ga [2]. Foreign scientists like Smaller, C., andW. Speller, withH. Mirza, N. Bernasconi-Osterwalder, andG. Dixie [3] paid the specific attention to the study of strategic priorities concerning risks minimization and profit maximization by agro-businesses and TNC within the realization of agricultural contracts at world markets. Overseas researchers KeatingB., HerreroM., CarberryP. [4] emphasized on actual importance of compliance with strategy of foodstuff security in global environment in their studies. However, the issue of developing the strategy of precise agricultural production based on widespread use of innovation and IT technologies, research into socio-economic consequences accompanying their implementation in the 21st century remains poorly studied. Research challenge of general issue. The issue of studies the core and elements of agricultural production development process in world economy is highlighted in world economic literature pretty well. Nevertheless, the study of TNCs and agricultural businesses strategies and strategies concerning transition of TNCs to the development of precise agriculture is really meaningful. Besides, at present time the trends of direct foreign investments as for agricultural lands purchase and priorities analysis of their use by TNCs in developed and developing world countries are uncertain. Socio economic consequences of mass precise agriculture introduction for national economy in countries with agrarian specialization also require detailed researching. Problem statement, objective of research. The objective of research is to highlight the core and define the regularity of formation, as well as emphasize the basic expected socio-economic consequences of precise agriculture development strategy implementing on the grounds of generalization the world experience of agricultural TNC sactivity. To achieve the objective set the article aimed at solution the following tasks: to note the main ‘players’ at the world agricultural market and study the priorities of their economic activity; to study the core and the elements of ‘green revolution’ strategy, as well as strategy of transition to precise agricultural production based on implementing innovations and IT technologies; to define strategic goals of TNCs as for the use of acquiring land ( at the cost of direct foreign investments) on the grounds of generalization developed and developing countries experience; to point out the expected socio-economic consequences of mass implementation of precise agricultural production strategies by TNCs and national agro-businesses for the economy of the countries specialized in agriculture. Method and methodology of the study. While studying the world experience of implementation the precise agricultural production development strategies theoretical and empirical methods of scientific research were employed. Historical and logical methods, abstract and specific methods, methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as causal (cause-and-effect) method were applied in the article to define strategic priorities of agricultural business and agricultural TNC specialization, to point out expected socio-economic consequences of mass transition to precise agricultural production in the countries with agrarian specialization. Synergetic approach, method of expert estimates and casual methods were applied to ground “green revolution” strategy, as well as strategy of TNCs as for transition to precise agriculture based on innovations and IT technologies. The results of study. Agricultural production is presented by farmers, households, state agricultural sector, national agro-businesses and agro-holdings, international TNCs. As a rule, farms are focused on domestic market; they specialize in production of minor parties of manual crop production and horticulture, grow vegetables, fruit and berries, as well as they are engaged in poultry farming, beekeeping, dairy production, stockbreeding in rather small scales. The farmers in developed world countries, particularly EU countries, concentrate on organic production which is of high demand among middle-class representatives. In EU countries farming is traditionally supported by the state, as it bears both economic and social valuable functions, i.e. assists in rural development and creates workplaces in countryside. The main stakeholders at the mass agricultural market in the world are considered large national and international agro-holdings an TNCs specialized in agricultural production and its industrial processing. TNCs shaped the closed loop – from selection to agricultural production, from its processing to its manufacturing. At the cost of large production scales, as well as capital concentration and centralization it is the agricultural TNCs which leads in production and export of foodstuffs at world markets. TNCs ‘ leadership at world agriculture markets is grounded on ‘green revolution’ strategy implementing, which consists of such elements as innovations, bio-selection to produce performance breed, intensive growth in crop productivity, including the one using GMO which makes cropping insensitive to water shortage, high temperatures and droughts. Agrarian TNCs in the 21st century actively implement the strategies of transition to precise agriculture based on the use of innovations and IT technologies. As the world experience confirms, strategies of transition to precise agriculture combine the following innovations: astronaut and aviation technologies, unmanned technologies, unmanned aerial vehicles; mass transition to the use of apparatus to analyze the ground online; spreading of “agro-scouting” innovation technologies as for field information gathering concerning the condition and development of agriculture; implementation intellectual system of managerial decision-making support; introduction of monitoring and control auto-system and implementation of IT-system as for account of agriculture process elements. The development of precise agriculture for national world economies which are agriculture-based offers a lot of benefits, such as: increase in labor productivity in agriculture; the decrease in employment that saves working capital of agro-businesses; industrialization and technical renovation of agrarian sector which promotes the market for IT products, precise machine building; increase in commerce and export potential of the country, mainly, in the sphere of monostructural crop production (grain, corn, soya, raps, oilseeds etc.). Such strategies also provide revitalization of direct foreign investment processes by TNCsconcerning purchasing farmland in the developing countries with their further listing as raw materials supplier for TNCs. The latter shape and control international links of production value added to all kinds of agricultural products. Among the risks which implementation of precise agriculture strategies bear for national developing country’s economy which are agriculture-based the following should be mentioned: risks concerning decrease in farms and decline in production of labor-intensive small-scale agriculture products (vegetables, fruit, honey etc.); risks of jobs recession and, respectively, the number of rural population and others. There are also other risks linked to these processes like risks of growing volumes of ready foodstuffs import, chronic scarcity of state budget and increase in internal debt, enhancing migration processes etc. In case of falling world prices for foodstuffs and worsening global conditions for agriculture products, including agrarian raw materials, in particular, due to another world economic crisis, the abandonment of occasional farmland purchased by TNCs in developing agrarian countries, their further freezing and ceasing the processing for better times should not be excluded. Under such circumstances the risks of famine for countries which could lose the managerial control over own land resources are also a threatening exercise as for implementing such TNC strategy. The field of results application. International economic relations and world economy, development of agriculture competitive strategies in world countries and agrarian TNCs in world economy. Conclusions. Farms, agro-businesses, agro-holdings and agrarian TNCs are the economic centres of mass agriculture production in all world countries. Farms are mainly specialized in labour-intensive small-scale agriculture production like horticulture, gardening, bee-keeping etc. Large agro-businesses and agrarian TNCs choose the strategy of specializing in mass monostructural agriculture production such as crop production (grain, corn, soya beans and industrial crops). In developed world countries TNCs apply the strategy of farmlands multi-purpose use, including the goals aimed at development and processing livestock and crop production; at development of renewable energy and bio-energy. In developed world countries TNCs focus on processing all kinds of agriculture products and foodstuffs production with high value added. Purchasing of farmlands by TNCs in developing countries, in particular, at the cost of direct foreign investment, provides for implementation the strategy of purchased lands engagement, mainly, to develop crop production as a raw basis for their further processing in the native countries for TNCs. The general world trend of agrarian TNCs development is use of innovation technologies, transition to precise agriculture based on IT technologies, aviation and astronautic technologies, unmanned aerial vehicles and other innovations which positively impact labor productivity and mass industrial production profitability, as well as choose transition to monostructural agrarian specialization as a priority, but bear a set of social risks for developing countries’ economies. Transition of Ukrainian agro-businesses and agro-holdings to the strategy of precise agriculture development based on innovations and IT technologies provides Ukraine’s competitiveness at the world agrarian markets. This process should go hand-in-hand with land reform taking into account Ukrainian farming interests. Establishing industrial processing of agriculture raw products and production of ready foodstuffs with high value added should be strategic for Ukraine.
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Boess, Jürgen. "Use of geophysical methods to improve soil maps for precision agriculture." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 158, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2007/0158-0165.
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Sant´Ana, Antonio Lázaro, and Divanir Zaffani Sant´Ana. "Novos agricultores familiares da microrregião geográfica de Jales-SP: formas de acesso à terra e mudanças nas condições de vida." Cultura Agronômica: Revista de Ciências Agronômicas 29, no. 2 (July 13, 2020): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.32929/2446-8355.2020v29n2p183-203.
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As perspectivas da agricultura familiar motivam preocupações, devido à escassez de filhos dispostos a assumir a propriedade e ao fato de a sucessão acontecer cada vez mais tarde; mas não há pesquisas sobre como efetivamente tem ocorrido o acesso à terra e a formação de novas unidades familiares. Este trabalho adotou uma perspectiva inovadora ao investigar as características destes novos agricultores familiares, as formas de obtenção da propriedade e as possíveis mudanças ocorridas em suas vidas, na Microrregião Geográfica (MRG) de Jales-SP. O questionário foi aplicado a 65 agricultores familiares dessa Microrregião, que possuíam até 13 anos de gestão autônoma da propriedade. Para a definição da amostra da pesquisa utilizou-se dados do Censo Agropecuário do IBGE de 2006, de informantes chaves e da própria indicação dos agricultores (método bola de neve). A análise dos resultados baseou-se na estatística descritiva. Constatou-se que mais de 70% desses novos agricultores familiares da MRG de Jales, já trabalhavam na agropecuária, mas obtiveram a propriedade por meio de compra, utilizando recursos provenientes tanto de trabalho agrícola, como não-agrícola, o que são evidências do grande esforço de parceiros, trabalhadores rurais e também filhos de agricultores familiares para concretizar o sonho de ter seu pedaço de terra e dessa forma conquistar certa autonomia técnico-produtiva e de gestão da propriedade. A avaliação desses agricultores em relação às mudanças ocorridas em suas vidas e/ou em suas rendas, depois da aquisição ou ter assumido a propriedade de forma autônoma, foi variável, mas predominantemente positiva.
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Dahmer, Isabel, Sônia Beatris Balvedi Zakrzevski, and Vanderlei Secretti Decian. "Percepções de agricultores do Norte do Rio Grande do Sul sobre a Mudança Climática." Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental 17, no. 1 (September 6, 2022): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18675/2177-580x.2022-14345.
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A forma com que as sociedades e os indivíduos respondem à Mudança Climática, muitas vezes é dependente da percepção de suas causas e consequências. Este artigo descreve uma pesquisa desenvolvida com o objetivo de identificar e compreender as percepções de agricultores convencionais e agroecológicos, residentes no Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, sobre causas e repercussões da Mudança Climática. A investigação envolveu 120 agricultores – 60 agroecológicos e 60 convencionais. As informações foram obtidas por meio de uma entrevista semi-estruturada, cujos dados foram submetidos a um processo de análise de conteúdo e análise estatística (descritiva e ao teste de qui-quadrado). Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a televisão é a principal fonte de informação sobre o tema, sendo mais citada entre os agricultores com maior idade e menor nível de escolarização. A maioria, independentemente da forma de produção, atribui à ação humana a principal causa da Mudança Climática, mas possui uma compreensão limitada e algumas ideias inadequadas sobre as contribuições humanas para um clima em mudança. Percebe impactos da mudança climática à saúde, ao ambiente e à agricultura, mas reconhece com mais facilidade seus impactos à saúde humana. A idade e o nível de instrução influenciam as percepções dos agricultores sobre o tema.
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Bavec, Franc, Martina Bavec, Silva Grobelnik Mlakar, and Milojka Fekonja. "Sweet maize growth and yield response to organic and mineral fertilizers, N rates and soil water regimes." Agricultura 12, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2015): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agricultura-2016-0005.
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Abstract Sweet maize is an underutilized vegetable in European temperate areas, and its consumption is increasing. For better understanding of cultivation practices, this pot experiment aimed to determine the effects of different water regimes and nitrogen (N) rates calculated from N target values. N rates of 0 (control), 0.6 and 2 g N pot-1 were applied as organic by-products pumpkin cake and pig manure digestate, and mineral fertilizers CAN 27 and ENTEC®26. Treatments of water supply were based on measured soil matric potentials of 2.8 pF (drought stress), 2.6 pF (optimal water) and 2.4 pF (overwatered). In comparison to mineral fertilizers, pumpkin cake proved to be equal in effectiveness in plant height (155.8 cm), cob (85.8 g), green (124.9 g) and leaf mass per plant (44.2 g), or even better in root (72.3 g) and broom mass per plant (3.0 g). Yield parameters, cob mass (70.1 g), its length (6.3 cm) and diameter (2.0 cm), as well as the residual mineral N (59 mg N kg-1) significantly increased at the highest N rate. Significantly lower values of the evaluated morphological parameters and photosynthetic rates (at brooming and harvesting) were associated with drought stress. The matric tension of 2.6 pF was established as an appropriate water regime for sweet maize growth.
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Quedevez, Kátia Cristina Rodolpho, and Danilo Soares Monte-mor. "Capital social e fatores que influenciam o bem-estar dos agricultores familiares." COLÓQUIO 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26767/coloquio.v16i2.801.
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A agricultura familiar tem problemas associados ao bem-estar rural. A literatura científica apresenta elementos ligados aos cinco tipos de capital (econômico, humano, social, cultural e ambiental) como influenciadores na solução deste problema. Capital social é um conceito que tem sido explorado para mensurar o bem-estar em áreas rurais, mas há que se considerar os diferentes níveis de maturidade de capital social em que as comunidades se encontram. Esta pesquisa se propôs a identificar, à luz do conceito de capital social, fatores que influenciam a percepção de bem-estar de agricultores familiares em duas regiões agrícolas vizinhas e com diferentes níveis de maturidade de capital social, por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória quantitativa, com amostra de 417 agricultores. Os resultados apresentam evidências de que comunidades de agricultores familiares com nível mais baixo de amadurecimento de capital social consideram como entrave ao bem-estar rural o capital cultural. Comunidades com nível mais alto de amadurecimento de capital social percebem como entrave à sucessão familiar.
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Quedevez, Kátia Cristina Rodolpho, and Danilo Soares Monte-mor. "Capital social e fatores que influenciam o bem-estar dos agricultores familiares." COLÓQUIO - Revista do Desenvolvimento Regional 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26767/coloquio.v15i2.801.
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A agricultura familiar tem problemas associados ao bem-estar rural. A literatura científica apresenta elementos ligados aos cinco tipos de capital (econômico, humano, social, cultural e ambiental) como influenciadores na solução deste problema. Capital social é um conceito que tem sido explorado para mensurar o bem-estar em áreas rurais, mas há que se considerar os diferentes níveis de maturidade de capital social em que as comunidades se encontram. Esta pesquisa se propôs a identificar, à luz do conceito de capital social, fatores que influenciam a percepção de bem-estar de agricultores familiares em duas regiões agrícolas vizinhas e com diferentes níveis de maturidade de capital social, por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória quantitativa, com amostra de 417 agricultores. Os resultados apresentam evidências de que comunidades de agricultores familiares com nível mais baixo de amadurecimento de capital social consideram como entrave ao bem-estar rural o capital cultural. Comunidades com nível mais alto de amadurecimento de capital social percebem como entrave à sucessão familiar.