Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maintien de la légitimité'
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Nuʿaymī, Sulṭān Muḥammad Al. "Les opérations de maintien de l'ordre par les forces de police : problèmes récents de légitimité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0107/document.
Full textThe maintenance of order is one of the main tasks of the police force, public order being a prerequisite for life in society. For nearly ten years, the legitimacy of law enforcement has been in question because of large-scale protest movements for political reasons such as the Arab spring, but also in the name of economic, social and environment developments, in Western countries. The law enforcement operations respond to the overflowing challenges. They are not intended to reduce freedom of expression. They frame the gatherings in the interest of the participants and protect the society against the actions of violent elements. Internationally recognized principles of necessity and proportionality ensure the legitimacy of police interventions. Excessive use of force sometimes leads to questioning the legitimacy of the police and more broadly that of the state. While all countries periodically face regrettable acts, some resort systematically to repression to reduce political opposition or protect personal interests. Contestation of the overflowing of law enforcement operations then becomes a reason for protest, fueling a permanent disorder. The maintenance of order has become a political issue that poses complex legal and technical challenges for police forces. The legitimacy of policing depends on the decisions of the executive, but also on the way these operations are conducted on the field. Legitimacy determines the effectiveness of the maintenance of order
Alessandra, Pauline. "Tango avec le diable. Collaborer avec des adversaires comme stratégie de maintien de la légitimité d'une organisation contestée : le cas d'Air France face aux contestations environnementales du transport aérien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UMOND010.
Full textIn Europe, the escalation of climate protection movements has heightened the pressure on polluting companies that contribute to global warming. These organizations face increasing social pressures that challenge their societal license to operate. In response, they have adopted strategies to preserve their legitimacy. Existing literature explores various strategies, from justifying their societal roles to implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and collaborating with recognized stakeholders.However, these legitimate stakeholders can also become sources of criticism, often fueled by ideological motives—as seen with non-governmental organizations (NGOs)—or by market competition. Extensive research on NGO-firm relations and coopetition underscores the complexities of cultivating successful partnerships. Nevertheless, scant research has been done on these paradoxical collaborations as a strategy for maintaining legitimacy. Our research question is: How can a contested organization collaborate with an adversarial one to maintain its legitimacy?To investigate this "tango with the devil," we conduct a detailed case study of Air France, significantly affected by flight shaming. Utilizing participant observation, 38 interviews, and various secondary sources (company archives, press releases), we examine three initiatives contributing to the company's strategy to maintain legitimacy. The first initiative, an unsuccessful attempt to define Air France's core purpose, raises questions about the feasibility of collaborating with legitimate yet adversarial entities. The second is the company's CSR communications campaign, conducted in partnership with an NGO. The third investigates collaboration with SNCF, Air France's competitor in the domestic network. This case study demonstrates that adversaries can serve as valuable allies in maintaining a contested organization's legitimacy.This study contributes to the literature on maintaining legitimacy by illustrating that (1) self- legitimization strategies are ineffective for a contested organization's sustainability, making collaboration with legitimate stakeholders essential. It is feasible to (2) collaborate with adversaries without relying on legitimacy transfer techniques. However, (3) it is incumbent upon the contested organization to transform adversarial relationships into partnerships for these strategies to succeed.Moreover, this thesis also enhances our understanding of coopetition by showing how (1) legitimacy asymmetry can facilitate the evolution of coopetitive relationships. However, (2) rebalancing by the contested actor is necessary to render coopetition an effective strategy for maintaining legitimacy, and (3) this requires reshaping the narrative toward greater collaboration
Abuhamoud, Alshiabani. "L'ingérence pour la démocratie en droit international." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR1002.
Full textThe 2003 war against Iraq has focused attention on a problem that has been latent since the French Revolution in 1789. It is about the question whether international law allows states to intervene in the internal affairs of one another in order to overthrow non-democratic regimes and to establish democratic regimes in their place. The emergence of the United States as a superpower has led to a boost in the practice of this kind of intervention called the pro-democratic intervention. In believing that it has a manifest destiny and in believing in the universality of its principles, the United States has, since its creation, an interventionist foreign policy based on the right- supposedly universal- to intervene against despotic regimes. The war against Iraq is the latest example of a long list of American interventions in the internal affairs of other states considered as non-democratic states
Savas, Menent. "Règles d'engagement, intervention et normativité : éléments pour la construction d'un régime de l'intervention internationale." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020055.
Full textAfter the Second World War, multilateralism has become the legitimacy condition of interventions for human protection. Nevertheless, multilateralism creates problems of cooperation, command and control in a multinational force, which is composed of contingents having their own military cultures. Successive failures of the first half of the 1990s generate peacekeeping studies following an up-down path. Initially, they had proposed to create a “robust” doctrine that comprehends the drafting of firm Rules of Engagements (ROE), and in later times, they proposed to carry out the mandates without ambiguities for peace operations. Yet, as long as the configuration of the Security Council remains the same, the mandates will always be ambiguous, given that they are derived from the already ambiguous resolutions avoiding the risk of veto. Since every peace operation has its own particularities, the creation of a robust peacekeeping doctrine would not be efficient. ROEs are the directives issued by competent military authority that delineate the circumstances and limitations about the use of force. They are at the core of the peace operations and influence their legitimacy. Rather than a doctrine, the creation of a regime of ROE following a bottom-up path, and its internalization by peacekeepers, lead to a harmonization of their behaviors. It will then become possible to look for the emergence of a common perception between states about peacekeeping, and through this, a safe-efficient norm will emerge. This will secure a safe environment for soldiers and an efficient environment for the success of peacekeeping operations. The more awareness is created about problems and ambiguities concerning peace operations, the more willing will states become to carry out credible mandates through this safe-efficient norm
Rocton, Stéphane. "Légitimité et légitimation. Une théorie wébérienne de la légitimité du politique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040123.
Full textAcademic literature on the concept of "political legitimacy" shows a broad diversity. Terminological diversity (legitimacy, legitimation, support, trust, satisfaction, etc.), objects diversity (international organizations, national governments, institutions, leaders, public policy, etc.), and most importantly, theoretical diversity (values, interests, culture, ideology, effectiveness, deliberation, etc.) Consisting in a systematic analysis of the international and multidisciplinary literature (sociology, political science, economics, public administration), our study aims to show, beyond this diversity, the logical scheme that governs the construction of theories of legitimacy. Synchronically, we then claim we found the original and founding theory of Max Weber again, built on the conceptual couple legitimacy / legitimation. Diachronically, we expose and explain the extension of meaning which affects the concept of “legitimacy” since the "crisis" of the '70s
Rousseau, Pierre. "La légitimité de l'infraction." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT3016.
Full textThe justification theory is subject to a doctrinal controversy. The basis of this legitimization mechanism remains uncertain. However, it’s necessary to understand the basis of justification when it comes to the respective powers of the legislator and the judge in this field. In the event of a justified infringement, the issue of the mechanism that leads to a lack of criminal liability divides the commentators. Which component of the criminal liability system is affected by this legitimization mechanism ? Furthermore, the development of case law must be taken into consideration in order to provide an updated legitimacy theory. Is it still possible to state that justification must be prescribed by law, knowing that the judge can acquit the perpetrator of an infringement on the basis of Human rights? This development of case law seems to highlight a duality concerning the basis of legitimacy. The distinction between a justified infringement and an unjustified conviction should be made. Legitimization justification is based on the social value of the infringement and has therefore to be prescribed by law, because the determination of social value is of a political nature. However, legitimization-freedom is based on fundamental freedom. It arises from a proportionality test performed by the judge concerning the state interference. Then, illegitimacy can be seen as the component affected by these legitimization mechanism in the criminal liability system
Giannopoulos, Christos. "Légitimité et dévolution légale." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL20004.
Full textLegitimacy consists of the capacity of the system to engender and maintain the belief that the existing political institutions are the most appropriate for society. The legitimate family used to be defined by the institution of marriage. According to the doctrine of the European Court of Human Rights, the notion of family under this provision is not confined to marriage-based relationships and may encompass other de facto family ties where the parties are living together out of wedlock. A child born out of such a relationship is ipso jure part of that family unit from the moment and by the very fact of his birth. The Act n°2001-1035 of the 3rd December 2001 confirms the emancipation of the rights of the isuue of the instate those of the couple from the normative monopoly of marriage. Legitimacy no longer being a reference point any more in current Family Law has allowed neutrality, towards the various types of couple to become the essence of legality
Nasah, Kuate Mirande. "La légitimité du juge." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR30018.
Full textThe idea of democraty involves that the legitimacy of a power must come from election. Therefore the first conclusion that is drawn from this statement is that, the judge is not legitimate because he is not elected but nominated by the executive power. This conclusion is totally wrong because legitimacy can not just comme from election, there are others sources of legitimacy, every fonction must have her own sources of legitimacy. So, the comptetence of the judge, his relative independance, his impartiality and the rules of procedures that he follows are the fondaments of his legitimacy. But those criterias are unsufficient and unable to explain the transformation of the role of the judge. In fact, this transformation has also transform the question of legitimacy and the problem today is the one of the legitimacy of the production of social norms. This is due to the emergence of new judicial actors who appear on the judicial scene and solve conflicts as if the were the real masters of judicial power. We are definetely going to face new forms of regulation of conflicts and it will be quite interesting to interrogate ourselves on the new role of the judge in the postmodern society
Pasquet, Philippe. "La légitimité stratégique du désinvestissement." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0473.
Full textSoleimanian, Mohammad-Hadi. "La légitimité théocratique et la légitimité démocratique : l'organisation des pouvoirs dans le système constitutionnel iranien." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL20010.
Full textAccording to the 1979 constitution, Iran is an Islamic republic based upon Shiite Islam and run by Velâyat-e-Faqih which is indirectly elected by the people. It acknowledges the principle of representation through free general elections of the President of the Republic, the parliament and council and regional committees. It acknowledges all the liberties congruent with Islamic laws. An agency is in charge of determining whether the laws do nont break the constitution or the Islamic laws. This study will at the level of its legitimacy, theocratic and democratic
Labastida, Martín del Campo Julio. "Mexique : légitimité et changement de régime." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA089.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study recent politic changes in Mexico (1988-2000), changes being defined as a transition of an " authoritarian " government into a " democratic " one. The main hypothesis of this work is that this period is caracterized by a change of rules in the access to power, linked with a growing contest of the legitimacy of the post-revolutionnary political system. Elements of changing in the political practice and culture in Mexico are brought in the fore thanks to an analysis of new electoral behaviours and their social context
Valentin, Caroline. "La légitimité des artistes de cabaret." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20019.
Full textThis work wants to bring definitions and clarifications about the artists working in the cabarets of Toulouse. In order to discern the “processes of legitimization” the artists struggle to assert their social, cultural, artistic, professional legitimacy.Due to the mystery which floats around these workers’ status, their way of life, their timetable, their rituals and codes, their organization in networks, their social circles and their atypical careers, people have a tendency to put the label of “particular”, “different”, “bohemian” on them. So, on the basis of the prejudices and on the predominant stereotypes, we can wonder how these artists of music-hall can justify their activities, their status in comparison with the order arts and especially how they succeed in exporting their legitimacy in other relational spheres. The hypothesis shows that the legitimacy of the artists of the cabaret in Toulouse is neither acquired nor assured in any circles.It is also a question of assessing the cultural legitimacy of this group among the other arts. These professional artists propose shows in live and we can wonder what place they have in the hierarchy of art, noticing that arts turned out to be structured by conflicts of values. Based on the principle of intra-individual variations, we can debate about “Cultural Democracy” and the hierarchies of cultural values, and so reveal the legitimacy of “the arts of entertainment”.This work is an ethnosociological survey, in which the researcher is involved in, and he denounces the social problems he experiences in his daily life
Lapoutte, Alexandrine. "Gouvernance et légitimité : le modèle mutualiste." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0071/document.
Full textThis work concerns the mutualist governance. From a frame of analysis based on legitimacy theory, we tried to understand how appears legitimacy in mutual organisation context today. The proposal is that it exists inevitably a gap between the legitimacy built by managers and the legitimacy perceived by the stakeholders. Managers display then strategies of legitimization by a communication based on mutualist references. The mutualist model would become a management tool. In a phase of quantitative research with the involved stakeholders, we identify a common base shared between stakeholders, as well as a mutualist gap, which concerns the perception that the company masters its projet and contributes to the territory. A typology of the stakeholders is drawn up around a horizontal split. The qualitative analysis of speech reveals different patterns, based on communication, politics and management
Tcherkessoff, Pierre. "Cohérence et légitimité du ministère public." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020022.
Full textAt a time in which the institutions of the judiciary are at the heart of public debate, it is apparent that the status and role of the Public Prosecutor are key issues in judicial reform. Further to rulings from the European Court of Human Rights and inconsistencies within the French model itself, the office of the Public Prosecutor in France is undergoing a profound crisis of legitimacy. A theoretical assessment appears necessary in order to produce an appropriate and coherent model giving indisputable legitimacy to those representatives of society who are to protect public interest and individual freedoms. Such legitimacy is to be considered in light of the position of the Public Prosecutor in the apparatus of State, the procedures he must follow and the objectives he must pursue. Having highlighted the lack of statutory safeguards applicable to the office of the French Public Prosecutor, and considering its legitimacy within the judiciary, it appears that by the very nature of its various criminal, civil and commercial functions, and given the tasks entrusted to it, the office of Public Prosecutor must be fulfilled by members of the judiciary who benefit, as such, from the same statutory guarantees as judges
Suquet, Frédérique. "La légitimité démocratique de l' Union européenne." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10015.
Full textThe democratic legitimacy's notion deeply marked the 1991 Intergovernmental Conference on the Political Union, when most of proposals emphasized its development. The legitimacy, therefore, has not any degree, the power is endowed with it or not. So, the Maastricht treaty allowed the legitimacy's acquisition within the European Union thanks to the European citizenship creation, the expansion of the right to vote for the Members States' nationals and to the nomination process democratization of the Commision members. The acquisition is taking shape thanks to the subsidiarity, it brings fame with the codecision procedure and is guaranteed by the strengthening of political controls' powers on Parliament and citizens
Sarkis, Jean-Guy. "La légitimité dans un état pluri-confessionnel." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32005.
Full textThe present work refers to the general problem of the opportunity and the actuality of the notion of legitimacy concerning the specificity of the pluri-confessional lebanon state. Legitimacy is here apprehended in its relation with the religion. It is especially demonstrated how each of the three important monotheist religions refers to one of the weberian ideal-types of legitimacy : to judaism, the traditional model, to islam, the "charismatic" model, and to christianism, the rational model by reference to the thomist idea of common weal which was recovered by the doctrine of the church. It is easily demonstrated how this idea of common weal is the only one allowing various religions to live together in concord, and how it has inspired the institutional structures of the state of lebanon. The lebanese state may therefore be considered as structurally christian and not to be considered as founded on a demographic relation variable and conjonctural. The light primacy given to the christians in the political and administrative life of lebanon is not a supremacy, but on the contrary, tend to consider them as the authority which insures the idea of common weal and viability of the state. Yet this legitimacy suffers from attacks of the different confessions, which have, each one of them, a structural conception of its natural legitimacy. But if legality contributes to the establishment of the idea of common weal, legalism, tendancy as ancient as religion among orientals, contributes to maintain it. This study allows us to consider legality and legitimacy as two notions distincts but interdependants, and to make clear the cultural and humanist aspects of legitimacy
Farenc, Isabelle. "Le Maintien de l'équilibre postural." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003CHAMS017.
Full textThe aim of this research is to look at postural control from the effects of morphology and training (visual feedback and shooting). The thin subjects present larger movements of their centre of gravity and different postural synergies to those of corpulent individuals. Women have smaller amplitudes of oscillation than men. Some studies on visual feedback of the centre of pressure (VBF) has led to the discovery of some of the potential until not exploited. The increase of the representation scale of the trajectory generates a decrease of CG movements by improving the coorective processes. The last research topic on the efects of training reveals that postural behaviours present different characteristics depending on the acquired skills, the latter resulting from either a long training period (shooting), or from a VBF experimental protocol
Cauquil-Darrouy, Emmanuelle. "Légitimité d'origine et légitimité d'exercice : le baptême du pouvoir de l'Empire romain au Royaume de France, IVe-XIe siècles." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10077.
Full textDivine origin and a just government have been the ideological foundation of the power of princes since remote antiquity. The edict of Milan in 313 and the edict of Thessalonique in 380 have generated the Christianization of these ideological foundations. During the early middle ages, the prince had to claim the Christian origin of his power and exercise justice according to the prescriptions biblical, patristic and ecclesiastical, without making a distinction between the temporal and the spiritual. Christianism separated the divine and the human, and forbade the claim to a divine ancestry. On the other hand, biblical writings were bringing new ideals of kingship to Christian kings: they became rex et sacerdos. Paradoxically, the adoption of the new religion hasn't made away with the reference to mythological (Trojan legend) or imaginary origins (Auguste, Constantin or Theodose). These filiations, always repeated by Frankish kings have also served to decorate instruments of power. These instruments were endowed with an important function of legitimation. They were used for anointing more particularly, tangible manifestation of the divine choice of the francks. Their early adherence to orthodoxy allowed them to retake the role of the first Christian emperors, such Constantin or Theodose. Possessing the power of divine origin, the governants wanted to spread Christian justice to all parts of the earth. Charlemagne extended the frontiers and was appeared to have been elected to manage the ecclesia. Nevertheless they weren't the only ones who asserted divine election. Kings were opposed to ecclesiastics, who wanted to advise, supervise and restrict the action of princes. In order to remove the secular element from the church, the Latran's council opened the way to theological and political discussions, which was the prelude to a new repartition of power between church and state
Lemay, Anne-Marie. "Les paradoxes de l'État mexicain, légitimité et organisation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/MQ44671.pdf.
Full textKoch, Pierre. "La légitimité de la décision dans l'épistémê contemporaine." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX32033.
Full textThe classical theory of decision presents decision as a continuous process, hence as knowable as a phenomenon under the category of causality. A consequence of this is to make a free decision maker an impossible thing. In order to conceive a decision as something else than a "phenomenon", the philosophical concept of being is put in perspective in light of the theory of lacan and of the linguistic theories of jakobson and benveniste. Thus it remains possible to speak of a "free" decision, by defining it as an act carrying a meaning. Each of these two theories of decision refers to one of the two main paradigms of the contemporary episteme (foucault). The paradigm in which the classical theory of decision is thinkable is the one in which legitimacy is confered by syllogistic reasonning : this is shown to lead to the weberian and parsonian models ; intersubjectivity is expressed in terms of relation between objets ; and the legitimate rule of meaning is metonymy. In the other paradigm, in which a "free" is thinkable, intersubjectivity is thought in terms of relation between beings; metaphor, as a mode of intuition and of the access to the being, in as legitimate as metaphor. Globaly a model is proposed for intersubjectivity, social legitimacy and the functionning of the rational firm
André, Jean-Marie. "L'efficacité, une norme de légitimité pour l'assistance maladie." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21031.
Full textThe social security system must prove its effectiveness by meeting its given aims for the least cost. Using the methodology of evaluation of public policies, the thesis examines the French health insurance system. The preliminary chapter presents its micro-economics foundations and considers arguments which question its effectiveness. The thesis then explores three aspects of this topic: the effectiveness of the social cover, the effectiveness of the regulation of the health care system and the effectiveness of the health insurance management. The first part of the thesis shows that health insurance guarantees generally a good level of health care coverage, but this comes at a price for the public finances who questions its efficiency. This result also hides differences in the type of services received and differences coverage relating to the level of the insurees' income. The second part of the thesis examines the regulations around the health care service offered, good practice and behaviours in health care, and the resource allocation to the health services. It appears that, if the public system has real tools that enable changes to the insurance system, these tools are not always well used. Finally, the third part demonstrates the current operating costs are reasonable. Progress can occur by improving the services provided and, in particular, by enhancing good practice in health care utilisation. The conclusion presents propositions that could improve the control of expenditure and counter the tendency to regularly reduce social coverage
Weisbuch, Denis. "Contribution à l'étude de la légitimité des juges." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32016.
Full textThe question of judges legitimacy is certainly one of the most fundamental in modern democratic states. The two main systems in the democratic world (common law and civil law) have different traditions which gave specific solutions, but they share a common goal : the protection of Human Rights. This goal does not imply democratic legitimacy. Actually there are no reasons, neither theoretical nor pragmatic, to submit judges to any kind of election (I). But present institutions have to face an institutional paradox : judges has to be connected to the State, that suggest relations with the political power and judge's independence has to be insure (II). However in modern democracy there is no doubt that judges should have a fundamental place in the legal order. And they have such high position in constitutions. Because there is no real individual freedom if individual rights are not protect by an independent institution (III). (Full abstract inside)
Boulaabi, Abderraouf. "La légitimité du pouvoir dans la tradition islamique." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040303.
Full textThis study represents a new interpretation of the Islamic political history through the problem of legitimacy, according to three lines: the method of establishing of political power, the method of its execution, and the method of its transfer. We are studying also the process to awarding the legitimacy during the caliphate age, the Umayyad and Abbasids age, we carry out research into the bases of legitimate power, these bases, what we call the political final points of sharia are obtained thanks the rational deduction of mujahidin in the light of general interest of the umma. Therefore, these bases results from the junction of law and policy, legitimacy depends entirely on these bases
Abid, Lobna. "Anatomie de la légitimité des hôpitaux publics tunisiens." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0937/document.
Full textThis dissertation aims to analyze synoptically the legitimacy of Tunisian public hospitals. This hospital’s legitimacy is constructed internally and externally by both the employees and the patients, has been submitted to a spatial categorization in “intra-organizational legitimacy” and “extra- organizational legitimacy”. At intra-organizational level, Tunisian public hospitals have been subject of a reform that started a little over two decades; the study of their legitimacy could not be done without the knowledge of this event. In addition, given the professional characteristic of the public hospitals and their organization in several specialized services, we conducted a split of their legitimacy in “professional legitimacy” and “service’s legitimacy”. These sub legitimacies aggregated together helped restore the overall legitimacy of the hospital. The analysis of “intra organizational” was made using a qualitative analysis, by case studies in two Tunisian public hospitals. In the case of the reform’s legitimacy and the mechanisms that have served as support, we postulated the existence of a circular causality between institutionalization and legitimization, the second is a prerequisite to the first. The analysis conducted on all the mechanisms of reform have concluded to a weak institutionalization revealing a weak legitimacy. In the case of “professional legitimacy” and “service’s legitimacy”, the results showed a wide range of legitimacy at stake between and hospital services and a greater homogeneity within the same professional groups. These results attest to the discriminatory nature of the professional and service membership to judge the hospital’s legitimacy. At extra-organizational level, the hospital’s legitimacy refers to that developed by the patients. We considered two categories of patients: patients called “classic” that go to the hospital to obtain medical care and others hospital staff patients, who in their capacity as citizens may present themselves for treatment. Thus we distinguished between “profane extra-organizational legitimacy” and “expertal extra organizational legitimacy”. These two sub-legitimacies refer to “experiential legitimacy”. Both profane and expert patients will judge hospital’s legitimacy based on their personal experience. These two categories of extra-organizational legitimacy submitted to a hierarchical cluster analysis, showed significant differences, patients are more likely to judge legitimacy based on moral aspects, unlike staff who maintain intact their professional anchor paying more attention to technical and financial aspects
Vézina, Danielle. "Développement et maintien de l'obsession compulsion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26292.pdf.
Full textKhouma, Ousmane. "La légitimité du pouvoir de l'Etat en Afrique subsaharienne : essai sur la relation entre la reconnaissance internationale et la légitimité démocratique." Toulouse 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU10015.
Full textThe legitimacy can be defined as the quality which is assigned to a legal or political system that implies its acknowledgement as domination and the acknowledgement of its capacity to impose instructions to be obeyed. It comprises two aspects : the intrinsic legitimacy, the internal one. In democracy it can be achieved by the vote of electors. On the other hand, the extrinsic legitimacy is the international acknowledgement. Considering its singular history, the situation in Africa presents a close relationship between the two notions. Very early, the new independant African States gave up the classical political regimes to take up presidential regimes. They furthered the pre-eminence of the head of the state who is also the head of the one-party system. The cold war context futtered the principle of political regimes equal legitimacy. The principle of effectiveness got the edge on that of rulers' democratic legitimacy. Owing to the Estern bloc collapse and the international democratic claims, the principle of legitimacy came out again. The utmost political unsteadiness, the lack of economic development and the insufficient human rights protection are put foward by the Northern partners. They henceforth subject Africa to democratic conditions in order to establish new states governed by the rule of the law
Smets, Patrick. "La légitimité au quotidien: l'idéologie dans le discours managérial." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211100.
Full textKholti, Abdennaceur. "Recherches sur la notion de légitimité en droit international." Nancy 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN20013.
Full textLegitimacy - setting generally the problem of the "foundation" and the obligatory nature of the law - has always occupied a limited place in the legal analysis mainly because of its legally non - defined character. On the other hand, if, in the internal law, the problem of the legitimacy seems to find a solution in the existence of a higher organ liable to bring about the necessary meditations between the controls on legality and the appreciations on legitimacy, the situation is different in the international law in the sense that the states - main subjects law avail themselves of various legitimacy likely to lead to conflicts un case of need to appraise legal and political situations. This situation is manifest in the classic international law where legitimacy has always been considered as a property of the internal order of the states. But this apparent neutrality of the international law with regard to every model of legitimacy, is basically explained both by the appropriateness between legitimacy and legality, and the pre-eminence of the principle of effectiviness. Moreover, the changes which took place in the international society - materialized by the action of the newly independent states will break up this block of validity, by dissociating legitimacy and legality, and will thus call for a new legitimacy
Rist, Barbara. "La légitimité des assistantes sociales face aux pouvoirs politiques." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100058.
Full textBillaud, Stéphanie. "La légitimité, du droit interne au droit international privé." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010296.
Full textFeracci, Bruno. "La légitimité de l'Impôt de Solidarité sur la Fortune." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10046.
Full textSince his institution in 1989, and after a first abolition of two years, the French wealth tax arouses numerous questioning. Of these questioning ensues a recurring and more and more present debate within the French political class: is it necessary to keep such taxation in the French fiscal system? Qualified as wealth tax during its first appearance, this one owes his preservation to considerations so ideological as economic, due to the guarantee by its presence of a certain social and fiscal justice, and a direct financial basket which it brings to the State. So, the French wealth tax owes his survival to his capacity to make more contribute the richest, fact that makes it popular among the voters. Contrary to these considerations, this tax includes a lot of detractors, putting forward mainly because of colossal losses for the economy of the country, as a result of its power to pall the big fortunes, so French as foreign, with all the repercussions which ensue from it. The balance between these argumentations will be made in this thesis to know if yes or not the French Wealth tax is still justifiable in France
Badri, Karim. "Légitimité religieuse et transition démocratique : le cas du Maroc." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT4015.
Full textThe Moroccan political system is characterized by its complexity and specificity. It is a system that tries to reconcile, on the one hand, religious legitimacy and, on the other hand, modern institutions. Hassan II, dedicated craftsman of a democracy Moroccan-style, used this specificity to refute the accusations of international organizations and Western countries about violations of human rights, considering that a universal system of Government would only be possible if men and morals were similar the world over. At the end of the 1980s, pressed by internal social movements on the one hand and an international environment conducive to a democratic opening and respect for human rights on the other hand, the monarchy had undertaken an institutional and constitutional opening while still attempting to manage the design and the consequences of this process. These controlled openings finally resulted in the undermining of the Moroccan political class. Under the pressure of the protest of February 20, 2011, spurred by the Arab spring, King Mohamed VI launched a new constitutional reform. This initiative raised high hopes of a true democratic transition but disappointment was great when considering the advances and stumbling blocks which it carried with it. Indeed, the new Constitution endorsed, as usual, the primacy of the institution of the Monarchy in the Moroccan political system. Mohamed VI’s Morocco has certainly evolved toward a less authoritarian system, nevertheless, it is far from a constitutional, democratic, parliamentary or social monarchy
Selimbegovic, Leila. "Maintien de soi positif et rappel autobiographique." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H060.
Full textFirst, it is shown that self-enhancement facilitates recall of general autobiographical memories related to desirable attributes, and that self-protection facilitates recall of specific memories related to undesirable attributes. When recall of specific memories is imposed, self-enhancement facilitates access to memories related to desirable attributes, compared to self-protection. Second, it is shown that autobiographical recall of general memories of success increases performance compared to autobiographical recall of general memories of failure. In contrast, specific memories have no influence on performance. Finally, we show that in certain conditions, autobiographical recall can be inconsistent with a positive self-view. Thus, when stereotypes are applicable to the situation, individuals can recall memories of negative, rather than positive experiences. This can in turn impair performance
Espesson-Vergeat, Béatrice. "Le maintien du contrôle des sociétés commerciales." Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO33022.
Full textThe control of any capitalistic venture results from the holding of the capital thereof, i. E. From the ownership of the means of production as far as an individual business is concerned or from the control of the equity capital as far as a corporation, which is an independant legal entity, is concerned. When the ownership interests held in a corporation are not sufficient to confer or to keep control thereover, several other legal means can be contemplated in order to keep the control without holding a major ownership interest or to got financing without granting power to third parties. The maintaining of control over a corporation, based upon the separation between capital and power, can be performed through the use of proper securities, of specific contractual provisions between the shareholders or else through the choice of adapted legal structures
Demaret, Julie. "Le processus de construction de légitimité des contrôleurs de gestion." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997829.
Full textKnobloch, Karell. "L'urbaniste et ses métiers, délimitation d'un champ, légitimité des pratiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463808.
Full textPharo, Patrick. "Sens et légitimité : contribution à une phénoménologie du lien civil." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0057.
Full textThe studies assembled in this thesis raise the question of the relationship between the legitimacy of a political order and the meaning of human actions and passions; they attempt to show that the individual sense of good and evil is closely tied to that of civic good and evil. The method of investigation is a phenomenology of the civil bond, that is the analysis of the conceptual structures of mutual understanding this phenomenology specifies the principles, norms, forms, consequences, limits and morality of mutual understanding, in order to investigate the links between the meaning of a private experience and the constraints of common sense. The introductory report presents three successive stages of this research each stage scrutinizes the questions of meaning and legitimacy in relation to the poradoxes of a cultural theory of man. Tho first part of the report accounts for the original research grounds and criticizes the structuralist version of the cultural theory of man. The second part discusses the logical grounds of these paradoxes, namely in metasociological theories. The third part expounds the hypotheses raised by a phenomenology of the civil bond, and, in particular, it argues that a norm of mutual understanding constrains social relations and compels social agents to expect truth and good from one another
Billecoq, Julien. "Le rituel judiciaire : liturgie et légitimité du pouvoir de juger." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0008.
Full textLacombe, Séverine. "Les conditions de légitimité du don d'organes, à finalité médicale." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010341.
Full textMorel, Benjamin. "Le Sénat et sa légitimité. L'institution interprète d'un rôle constitutionnel." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN067.
Full textBased on political science and public law resources, this thesis aims at understanding the role of the French Second Chamber. It considers how this role could be a function of its legitimacy. This work is not, therefore, intended to address the question of the Senate legitimacy, but to understand how the institution's appraisal about this legitimacy leads it to interpret the norms which are applicable to it. The subjective judgment that the senatorial institution focuses on its legitimacy must thus be considered as an explanatory variable of the discrepancies between the law and its application, especially during critical junctures. Relying on an institutionalist approach, this work will analyze legitimacy as a constraint and as a freedom to define a role and to interpret norms. The institution is, in fact, forced since it obliges the Senate to comply with what it considers to be the legitimate interpretation of its role. In fact, the Senate stays free since it remains judge and mediator of these constraints provided that it follows the path dependency marked by history and law. Therefore, it is important to reconsider the institutional legitimacy as a straining structure of the decision allowing to explain the interpretation of the norms and the equilibrium of the political system
Calixte, Georges. "Décisions publiques et légitimité politique : contribution des politiques publiques sportives à la gestion stratégique de la légitimité politique.Incidences sur le management de la décision publique." Antilles-Guyane, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AGUY0101.
Full textThe stake in this thesis is to understand the rationality of the decision from a problem putting in motto the legitimacy political as condition of the public decision-taking. This research is driven by the hypothesis according ti which the public choices,which translate the political decision, enter a process aiming,on one hand,at reducing the environmental uncertainty wihich could threaten the political legimacy, on the other hand, to protect the resources necessary for the development of this legitimacy. From a methodological point of view it is the sports publics policies led by communities during the last 5 years which constituted our ground of study. They were more able to report the political decision to be the resultant. We opted for the comparative method from both spaces the Hérault and Guadeloupe. Around central categories of analysis drawn from the fied of the strategic analysis,we privileged the theorical pluralim by seeking the other categories stemming from the analysis of its capacity to be served as support in 4 strategies of legitimization: -The appropriation actually competence by the political actors. -The construction of repository of the public action -The control of the registration of the problems in the political diary. -The implementation of a network. Each of these strategies takes particular forms according to three rules of the game wich are :the respect for the privilleges of the political elected member,the contribution remuneration and the subsidiarity. The new governance base a durable development cannot save a management of connections between political actors towards these rules and strategies
Ducroquetz, Florence. "L'Union européenne et le maintien de la paix." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579597.
Full textDucroquetz, Florence. "L’Union européenne et le maintien de la paix." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL20008/document.
Full textSince 2001, the EU has conducted more than twenty military operations and civilian missions, and is now seen as one of the leading organizations in the field of peacekeeping. For a long time perceived as an intergovernmental organization, the establishment of an integrated structure for crisis management into the heart of the organization, as well as the delegation of this crisis management to the different European organs, have contributed to the gradual empowerment of the EU toward its member states. This process of becoming autonomous is also evident in the international legal order. A large set of rules thus applies to the EU due to its involvement in the international legal order, including rules relating to the international responsibility for regional organizations. The effective intervention of the European Union in the field of peacekeeping – as a regional organization– is in keeping with an unclear legal framework. However, the phenomen on of regionalization could have been interpreted as prejudicing the collective security system established by the UN Charter.Two aspects of the effective intervention of the European Union call for analysis : the conformity of its action to the UN framework and its contribution to the evolution of peacekeeping
Menouni, Rachid. "Maintien des prophages dans les génomes d' entérobactéries." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4008.
Full textBacteriophages are the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere. A majority of them are temperate phages that are able to integrate their genome into the host and replicate passively in a lysogenic state. Hosts frequently benefit from such massive gene acquisition through lysogenic conversion. As prophages may be beneficial to their hosts, we hypothesize that hosts adapted strategies for maintaining that gene source. Since prophages integrate into and excise from the host chromosome through site-specific recombination (SSR), we investigated whether regulation of SSR at the level of gene expression could be involved in the maintenance process. Our results suggest that lysogeny maintenance of a class of prophages, which all share a same unusual genetic organization, are controlled by the transcription termination factor Rho. Rho is not only involved in horizontally acquired gene silencing but also in prophage maintenance, which can be seen as an adaptation of the host to maintain prophage genes. For these prophages, whether defective or functional, their induction by the inactivation of Rho, involves a new pathway of lysogeny escape, which is independent of the classical pathway via the SOS response. This newly characterized interaction reflects the coevolution of host and viruses, which allows the acquisition of genes, and thus new properties, via horizontal transfer, while controlling the expression of deleterious genes
Bertrand, Raphaëlle. "Maintien à court terme de l'information chez l'enfant de 2 à 6 ans : oubli temporel et aide au maintien du but." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL023/document.
Full textWorking memory is an essential component of thought that is highly involved in learning and academic achievement. However, it is rarely studied in preschoolers, mainly because of a lack of suitable paradigms. Therefore, this thesis investigated the functioning of working memory in children between 2 and 6 years. For this purpose, two original paradigms were used. They were designed to be close to game situations which should help young children to focus their attention on the task. Firstly it was shown that the recall performance decreased over time, even in the absence of an interfering task. Children of this age therefore use a passive maintenance, i.e. without spontaneously implementing any strategy of maintenance. Furthermore, the decline of the information was similar through age. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that the rate of information forgetting did not vary between 2 and 6. Finally, none of these two factors, i.e. implementation of a strategy of maintenance and change in the speed of forgetting can explain the increase in memory capacity between 2 and 6 years of age. Secondly, it has been shown that the intrinsic characteristics of the task could lead to improved recall performance, perhaps by inducing a strategy of maintenance. Particularly, the implementation of a motor activity, i.e. walking during the retention period, has enabled these young children to counteract to some extent the temporal decay of information. Then, the implementation of a motor activity, by directing the attention of young children to a visual cue related to the goal of the task, help them to maintain in memory the purpose of the task. Attentional resources could be harnessed to improve performance of recall, perhaps by implementing a retention strategy
Troncin, Thierry. "Le redoublement : radiographie d'une décision à la recherche de sa légitimité." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140531.
Full textKatrougalos, Georges. "La crise de légitimité de l'administration : le cas de la Grèce." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010305.
Full textThe legitimation of the administration seems to be the quality of the administration whicht acts in accordance with the principal ideological values and the public interest, in an efficient way. The recent evolution of the concept towards the justification founded upon the methods of the public management and the participation can not hide the symptoms of its inherent crisis, such as the crisis of the administrative law. In addition of these universal features, the legitimation of the greek administration suffers because of the poor efficiency and the politisation of the public service
Chabot, Véronique. "Le théâtre de l'extrême contemporain dans la société : Obsolescence et légitimité." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030106.
Full textAt the twilight of the xxth century, in an era of technological interconnectioins, mediatisation and internationalisation, what are the place and the role of theatre in society ? on many levels, theatre appears as an art belonging to the past, not fitting man's current requirements. Its public is a tiny minority. But, as theatre doesn't adopt society's evolutionary characteristics, it can propose alternatives to the values society imposes on us. Here it finds its legitimacy. This research is about theatre over the last ten years and is based on first hand knowledge of performances belonging to the aesthetic field that georges banu calls "extremely contemporary". It concerns artists like jan fabre, reza abdoh or francois-michel pesenti, who have tried to question and to renew theatre's codes of conduct. A study of society is made through the analyses of contemporary philosophers, especially jean baudrillard, felix guattari and gilles lipovetsky. At a time of machine-like production of subjectivity and in the era of the "spectacle society", theatre experiments with the perception and offers the chance to discover the extreme subjectiveness. To the predominance of the image, it opposes the emotional experience of reception. Its own existence leaves room for resistance to a levelling out of social imagination. In a society that has lost its roots and its centre, one can discover anew the mythological function of theatre. This art is a place for dissatisfaction, insubordination, criticism and vigilance. On a political level, today's commitment is very far from the tumultuous commitment of the sixties and the seventies. Nowadays, commited art doesn't wander from the artistic field. It doesn't aim to change places with politics but aims to awake counsciousness and a desire to be in a world where "otherness" is respected
Simon, Charlotte. "Le service social du travail : des professionnelles en quête de légitimité." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL574.
Full textViñuales, Jorge Enrique. "Le juge face aux crimes internationaux : enquête sur la légitimité judiciaire." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0005.
Full textThe study explores the theoretical and historical sources of judicial legitimacy in the Western world. The starting point of the inquiry is provided by the current development of international criminal justice and, more specifically, the rise of the principle of universal jurisdiction. After an initial exploration of the delicate issues raised by universal jurisdiction with regard to judicial legitimacy, the author shows that, notwithstanding the myriad efforts to ground judicial legitimacy on popular sovereignty, the former cannot be utterly reduced to the latter. Universal jurisdiction thus provides a particular angle to observe the power of judges without succumbing to a democratic bias. What we see is a judiciary who benefits from a legitimacy of its own. Such legitimacy is not derived from the sovereign's, nor is it a mere portion of an indivisible sovereignty. Rather, it is a legitimacy on its own right, based upon a myth deeply rooted in Western cultures, according to which judicial pronouncements are vested with divine infaillibility. This would explain why judges are sought to decide issues that seems to be beyond human matters. Indeed, judicial legitimacy remains a powerful ressource irrespective of any link to popular sovereignty. This is why the judge can render justice over international crimes