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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Maintenance errors

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Academic literature on the topic 'Maintenance errors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Maintenance errors"

1

NECULA, Florin, and Sorin-Eugen ZAHARIA. "CAPTURING HAZARDS AND ERADICATING HUMAN ERRORS IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE." Review of the Air Force Academy 13, no. 3 (2015): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2015.13.3.27.

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Rankin, William L. "The Maintenance Error Decision Aid (MEDA) Process." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 22 (2000): 795–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402278.

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Maintenance and inspection errors have been the primary cause of six percent of aircraft accidents and have contributed to an additional nine percent of the accidents from 1982 through 1993. What can maintenance organizations do to reduce these types of errors? This paper discusses the development and evaluation of a maintenance error investigation process-the Maintenance Error Decision Aid (MEDA). MEDA was developed based on the following philosophy: maintenance technicians do not make errors on purpose; errors result from a series of related contributing factors, and; these factors are large

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Wee, Nam-Sook. "Optimal Maintenance Schedules of Computer Software." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 4, no. 2 (1990): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026996480000156x.

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We present a decision procedure to determine the optimal maintenance intervals of a computer software throughout its operational phase. Our model accounts for the average cost per each maintenance activity and the damage cost per failure with the future cost discounted. Our decision policy is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the expected total cost. Our model assumes that the total number of errors in the software has a Poisson distribution with known mean λ and each error causes failures independently of other errors at a known constant failure rate. We study the structures of the optim

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Illankoon, Prasanna, and Phillip Tretten. "Judgemental errors in aviation maintenance." Cognition, Technology & Work 22, no. 4 (2019): 769–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10111-019-00609-9.

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Virovac, Darko, Anita Domitrović, and Ernest Bazijanac. "The Influence of Human Factor in Aircraft Maintenance." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 29, no. 3 (2017): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v29i3.2068.

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Human factor is one of the safety barriers which is used in order to prevent accidents or incidents of aircraft. Therefore, the question is to which extent the error caused by human factor is included into the share of errors that are madeduring aircraft maintenance. In the EASA approved aircraft maintenance organisation, which includes in its working system the human factor as well, the tendency is to apply the approach by continuous monitoring and analysis of errors in aircraft maintenance. Such approach achieves advance prevention or reduction of the occurrence of harmful events, such as ac

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Roy, Sophie, Céline Eiden, Irina Rasanjison, Véronique Pinzani, and Hélène Peyrière. "Medication errors involving opioid maintenance therapy." Therapies 75, no. 3 (2020): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.therap.2019.07.007.

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Hobbs, Alan, and Ann Williamson. "Associations between Errors and Contributing Factors in Aircraft Maintenance." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 45, no. 2 (2003): 186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/hfes.45.2.186.27244.

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In recent years cognitive error models have provided insights into the unsafe acts that lead to many accidents in safety-critical environments. Most models of accident causation are based on the notion that human errors occur in the context of contributing factors. However, there is a lack of published information on possible links between specific errors and contributing factors. A total of 619 safety occurrences involving aircraft maintenance were reported using a self-completed questionnaire. Of these occurrences, 96% were related to the actions of maintenance personnel. The types of errors

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Chervak, Steven G., and Colin G. Drury. "Effects of job instruction on maintenance task performance." Occupational Ergonomics 3, no. 2 (2003): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2003-3204.

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Written documentation has been implemented in aviation maintenance errors so that documentation becomes an important safety issue. A restricted technical language for job instruction, Simplified English was tested to determine whether or not it reduced error rate in a maintenance task. Experienced and inexperienced participants performed on easy and a difficult maintenance task on a small internal combustion engine using three languages of job instruction: original, Simplified English and a hybrid. Task errors were reduced with Simplified English but increased with the hybrid version. While th

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Islam, Rabiul, Rouzbeh Abbassi, Vikram Garaniya, and Faisal I. Khan. "Determination of Human Error Probabilities for the Maintenance Operations of Marine Engines." Journal of Ship Production and Design 32, no. 04 (2016): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.2016.32.4.226.

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Human error is a crucial factor in the shipping industry and not to mention numerous human errors occur during the maintenance procedures of marine engines. Determination of human error probabilities (HEPs) is important to reduce the human errors and prevent the accidents. Nevertheless, determination of HEPs in the maintenance procedures of marine engines has not been given desired attention. The aim of this study is to determine the HEPs for the maintenance procedures of the marine engines to minimize the human errors and preclude accidents from the shipping industry. The Success Likelihood I

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Nkosi, Mfundo, Kapil Gupta, and Madindwa Mashinini. "Causes and Impact of Human Error in Maintenance of Mechanical Systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 312 (2020): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031205001.

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The concept of minimizing human error in maintenance is progressively gaining attention in various industries. The incorporation of human factors when solving engineering problems, particularly in maintenance, can no longer be ignored where high standards of performance are expected. The journey of improving maintenance performance through the reduction of human error begins with the understanding of causes and impact of human error in maintenance. This paper evaluates previous scholarly writings on human errors, to specifically establish the causes and impact of human error in maintenance. Th

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Maintenance errors"

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Abu, Hawwach Mohammed. "Human errors in industrial operations and maintenance." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Innovation och produktrealisering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54794.

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Within maintenance activities and industrial operations, human is subjected to different kind of stresses and situation that could result in mistakes and accidents. The human errors in maintenance and manufacturing are an unexplored latter such that a little focusis invested in this area. The report aims to widen up the understanding of the human error in maintenance and manufacturing area. Aviation and marine operations are the most sectors that are subjected to human errors according tothe literature. There aredifferent types of human error that have effect on quality and overall effectivity

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Balasubramanian, Prashanth. "Root cause analysis-based approach for improving preventive/corrective maintenance of an automated prescription-filling system." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references.

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Bayramyan, Anna. "Making success out of failures : A quantitative research in Failure culture and Quality improvement." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för kvalitets- och maskinteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-40261.

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Companies can draw valuable lessons from their failures, and use them for their improvementwork. A positive failure culture is however a necessary precondition. High reliabilityorganisations (HRO) are known for their effective way of tackling and using failures aspotential for improvements. The aims of the study were to evaluate failure culture in an ISO9001 certified company, after HRO standards and thereby withdraw improvementpossibilities. The study was conducted through a deductive quantitative method using asurvey for data gathering. With approximately 30 percent response rate, and using

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Maier, Carl. "Elektronisk plattform för förebyggande underhåll på utrustning." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18657.

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Preventive maintenance is a process employed to reduce probability of failure or degradation of equipment. When such a process is performed by humans without a computerized solution, human errors are bound to take place. A computerized solution could reduce human errors by automatically performing tasks which are prone to error. A React web and a React Native application are created to evaluate which framework is most suitable for use in a preventive maintenance process based on three criteria. The criteria are round-trip request times, lines of code and delivery time based on build size. Resu

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Slack, Sean Edward. "Essays on categorical and universal welfare provision : design, optimal taxation and enforcement issues." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15659.

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Part I comprises three chapters (2-4) that analyse the optimal combination of a universal benefit (B≥0) and categorical benefit (C≥0) for an economy where individuals differ in both their ability to work and, if able to work, their productivity. C is ex-ante conditioned on applicants being unable to work, and ex-post conditioned on recipients not working. In Chapter 2 the benefit budget is fixed but the test awarding C makes Type I and Type II errors. Type I errors guarantee B > 0 at the optimum to ensure all unable individuals have positive consumption. The analysis with Type II errors depend

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Ishihara, Yasuo. "Prediction of human error in rail car maintenance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10629.

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McCracken, Michael E. "Maintenance Error Information System (MEIMS) upgrade and training evaluation." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA387421.

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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2000.<br>Thesis advisors, Schmidt, John K. ; Brinkley, Douglas. "December 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-130). Also available in print.

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Fry, Ashley D. "Modeling and analysis of human error in Naval Aviation maintenance mishaps." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA381266.

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Saward, Justin R. E. "Individual Latent Error Detection (I-LED) in UK naval aircraft maintenance." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/417856/.

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System-induced human error is the most significant factor in aircraft accidents; for which errors are both inevitable and a frequent occurrence. Human error is a by-product of performance variability caused by system failures, for which undetected error becomes a latent error that can impact system safety and therefore contribute to a future undesired outcome. The phenomenon of Individual Latent Error Detection (I-LED) is proposed. ILED refers to the detection of workplace latent errors at some point post-task completion through the recollection of past activity by the individual who suffered

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Schmorrow, Dylan D. "A human error analysis and model of naval aviation maintenance related mishaps." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44430.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>Naval Aviation is in the midst of a major transformation as it attempts to come to terms with the demands of maintaining operational readiness in the face of diminishing budgets and reduced manning. Diminishing operating and procurement budgets mean that Naval Aviation is for the most part "making do" with existing aircraft. Over the past decade, one in four Naval Aviation mishaps were partially attributable to maintenance error. The present operating environment underscores the need to address maintenance error and its causes. The

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Books on the topic "Maintenance errors"

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Hang kong wei xiu cha cuo guan li li lun yu shi jian. Guo fang gong ye chu ban she, 2013.

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Gueson, Emerita T. Survival guide for HMO patients. ThereseVision Publications, 1997.

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Gueson, Emerita T. Do HMO's cut costs-- and lives?: Medical malpractice crisis in PA. AuthorHouse, 2006.

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James, Albert L. Why are contractors always late? American Book Business Press, 2007.

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Human reliability, error, and human factors in engineering maintenance: With reference to aviation and power generation. Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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S, Dhillon B. Human reliability, error, and human factors in power generation. Springer, 2014.

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McCracken, Michael E. Maintenance Error Information System (MEIMS) upgrade and training evaluation. Naval Postgraduate School, 2000.

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Office, General Accounting. Social security: Pension data useful for detecting supplemental security payment errors : report to the Secretary of Health and Human Services. The Office, 1986.

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Fry, Ashley D. Modeling and analysis of human error in Naval Aviation maintenance mishaps. Naval Postgraduate School, 2000.

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Wood, Brian P. Information management system development for the characterization and analysis of human error in Naval Aviation maintenance related mishaps. Naval Postgraduate School, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Maintenance errors"

1

Wakimizu, Toshiyuki, Atsuo Murata, Toshihisa Doi, Yutaka Yoshida, and Keisuke Fukuda. "Correlations Between Inspections, Maintenance Errors, and Accidents." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80713-9_61.

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Vega, Manuel A., Zhen Hu, and Michael D. Todd. "Effect of Inspection Errors in Optimal Maintenance Decisions for Deteriorating Quoin Blocks in Miter Gates." In Model Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, Volume 3. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77348-9_1.

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Thulasy, T. Nanthakumaran, Puteri N. E. Nohuddin, Norlizawati Abd Rahim, and Astuty Amrin. "Literature Survey on Aircraft Maintenance Issues with Human Errors and Skill Set Mismatch Using Document Mining Technique." In Advances in Visual Informatics. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90235-3_5.

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Yiannakides, Demetris, and Charalampos Sergiou. "Human Error." In Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429280887-7.

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Konersmann, Marco, and Michael Goedicke. "Same but Different: Consistently Developing and Evolving Software Architecture Models and Their Implementation." In Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering 2019. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58617-1_6.

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AbstractAs software architecture is a main driver for the software quality, source code is often accompanied by software architecture specifications. When the implementation is changed, the architecture specification is often not updated along with the code, which introduces inconsistencies between these artifacts. Such inconsistencies imply a risk of misunderstandings and errors during the development, maintenance, and evolution, causing serious degradation over the lifetime of the system. In this chapter we present the Explicitly Integrated Architecture approach and its tool Codeling, which remove the necessity for a separate representation of software architecture by integrating software architecture information with the program code. By using our approach, the specification can be extracted from the source code and changes in the specification can be propagated to the code. The integration of architecture information with the code leaves no room for inconsistencies between the artifacts and creates links between artifacts. We evaluate the approach and tool in a use case with real software in development and with a benchmark software, accompanied by a performance evaluation.

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Dhillon, B. S. "Human Reliability and Error in Maintenance." In Handbook of Maintenance Management and Engineering. Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-472-0_25.

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Dhillon, B. S. "Human Error in Power Plant Maintenance." In Springer Series in Reliability Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04019-6_10.

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Nicholas, Clive. "Human Error in Maintenance – A Design Perspective." In Handbook of Maintenance Management and Engineering. Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-472-0_26.

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Sakajo, Satoko, Wei Wu, and Tadashi Ohi. "Human Error Analysis Support System for Maintenance Works." In Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management. Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-410-4_4.

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Kimura, Mitsutaka. "Reliability Analysis of Congestion Control Scheme with Code Error Correction Methods." In Reliability and Maintenance Modeling with Optimization. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003095231-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Maintenance errors"

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Saull, John W. "Reducing Human Errors in Aircraft Maintenance." In Advances In Aviation Safety Conference & Exposition. SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-2665.

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Vetter, Arthur. "Detecting Operator Errors in Cloud Maintenance Operations." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cloudcom.2016.0110.

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Douce, C. R., and P. J. Layzell. "Evolution and errors: an empirical example." In Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance - 1999 (ICSM'99). 'Software Maintenance for Business Change' (Cat. No.99CB36360). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsm.1999.792647.

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Russell, S. G. "The factors influencing human errors in military aircraft maintenance." In International Conference on People in Control (Human Interfaces in Control Rooms, Cockpits and Command Centres). IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19990198.

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Bhatia, Arti, N. S. Mangat, and Tom Morrison. "Estimation of Measurement Errors." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2038.

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A check of the measurement ability of the tools used to assess the corrosion on a pipeline is an important aspect of a maintenance program. In this paper a statistical method of determining the errors of measurement instruments is examined.

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Rupakheti, Chandan R., and Daqing Hou. "Finding errors from reverse-engineered equality models using a constraint solver." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsm.2012.6405256.

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Patankar, Manoj S., and James C. Taylor. "Analyses of Organizational and Individual Factors Leading to Maintenance Errors." In Advances In Aviation Safety Conference & Exposition. SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-3005.

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Maillart, L. M., and S. M. Pollock. "The effect of failure-distribution specification-errors on maintenance costs." In Annual Reliability and Maintainability. Symposium. 1999 Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36283). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rams.1999.744099.

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Balkey, Joseph P. "Common Components of Human Error in Design, Maintenance, or Operations." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42761.

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Often, public reports of accidents only identify the last, obvious failure or immediate cause of the accident. If human error is the immediate cause or final failure, further assessment of accident contributors may stop, and an enhanced training program is often determined to be the primary solution for preventing further accidents of this type. However, in many cases, the accident is the final result of many inputs, decisions, actions and inactions. To demonstrate this characteristic of accidents, the 20 stories in a publication titled “Set Phasers on Stun” have been categorized into action e

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Bernard, Fabien, Raphael Paquin, and Kévin Dos-Santos. "Human Errors in Helicopter Maintenance: overview of recommendations for improving safety." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003617.

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The maintenance is defined as the second cause of aviation incidents or accidents. Indeed, 12% of all aviation accidents were due to human factors/ergonomics (HFE) issues during maintenance activity (Hobbs, 2000). However, regarding the aviation history, Human performance has been studied from the very beginning in the aviation field, especially regarding fixed wing accidents (Maurino et al., 1993; Wiener & Nagel, 1988). Initially, the reliability of machines was the primary concern, and many attempts were made to improve the technology of the devices (Maurino et al., 1993; Wiener & Na

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Reports on the topic "Maintenance errors"

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Smalley, Mauney, and Ash. L51770 Compressor Station Maintenance Cost Analysis. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010164.

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A comprehensive study of compressor maintenance data including capital and expense to identify the drivers for optimizing maintenance cost expenditures. Anonymous company comparisons which allow individual companies to compare their maintenance expenses to others in the industry, using various methods of normalization. Correlations by linear regression to characterize relationships between expense and various measures of size (deliveries, installed horsepower, horsepower hours, miles/KM of pipeline, capital value, number of units). This report provides information on the maintenance of compres

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George and Hawley. PR-015-11702-R01 Evaluation of Enhanced Diagnostics for Orifice Meters. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010795.

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A large installed base of orifice meters, many installed where newer technology meters are impractical, accounts for a significant fraction of the measured volume of natural gas in the United States. Ultrasonic meters are newer technology meters that provide integrated diagnostics to monitor the meters health and identify flow problems such as distorted velocity profiles and other operational issues. The need exists for similar diagnostics for orifice meters to identify operational causes of measurement errors (and possibly measure their magnitudes), allow users to perform orifice meter mainte

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George and Hawley. PR-015-10602-R01 Effects of Liquid Contamination on Ultrasonic Flow Meter Performance. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010787.

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A known cause of error in in-line ultrasonic meters is the presence of liquid contamination on transducer faces. These liquids can come from unconventional or poor-quality gas supplies, but compressor oil or glycol can also enter the natural gas stream due to problems with upstream equipment. It has been suspected that liquid contamination produces a fundamental measurement error in ultrasonic pulse transit time, which leads to biases in the measured sound speed of the gas and, ultimately, flow measurement errors. Operators presently observe such differences in measured sound speeds, but often

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Leis, Brian, Xian-Kui Zhu, and Tom McGaughy. PR-185-143600-R01 Assessment of Corrosion Model Error for Metal-loss Defects in Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011031.

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This project assessed the modeling error of current Level 1 corrosion criteria of ASME B31G and Modified B31G by quantifying the role of the shape factor (SF) and the bulging factor (BF) as causes for large scatter of failure predictions. The goal was to minimize the error and to reduce the conservatism in those corrosion assessment models and potentially reduce unwarranted maintenance efforts without increasing operator risk. Extensive elastic-plastic finite element analyses (FEA) were performed on corroded pipes in three-dimensional conditions for a wide range of corrosion defect shapes and

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Popov, Oleksandr O., Anna V. Iatsyshyn, Andrii V. Iatsyshyn, et al. Immersive technology for training and professional development of nuclear power plants personnel. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4631.

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Training and professional development of nuclear power plant personnel are essential components of the atomic energy industry’s successful performance. The rapid growth of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies allowed to expand their scope and caused the need for various studies and experiments in terms of their application and effectiveness. Therefore, this publication studies the peculiarities of the application of VR and AR technologies for the training and professional development of personnel of nuclear power plants. The research and experiments on various aspects o

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Zanker. PR-343-06604-R02 Smart USM Diagnostics - Phase 2. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010758.

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It has long been known that all ultrasonic flow meters, especially those that exploit multiple paths to achieve higher accuracies, are capable of extensive self-diagnosis. However, each manufacturer of the technology has tended to develop diagnostic tools peculiar to his particular device. This has led to a confusing mix of offerings that are not transportable between meters, and whose interpretations are not always consistent. This report addresses: � Verification of the Phase 1 models against available field data; � Implementation of field-tested methods offered by PRCI users; � Trending the

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Zhu, Xian-Kui, Tom McGaughy, and Brian Leis. PR-185-163609-R01 Model Error Assessment for Pipeline Metal-loss Defects Phase II. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011506.

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This project included seven, full-scale burst tests conducted on a single grade and size of pipe to evaluate a metal-loss defect assessment model developed under EWI Project No. 54922CSP, "Assessment of Corrosion Model Error for Metal Loss Defects in Pipelines" (PRCI Project EC-2-6). The goal of the modeling and full-scale test efforts was to minimize error and reduce the conservatism of Level-1 corrosion assessment models, with the eventual benefit of potentially reducing unwarranted maintenance efforts without increasing operator risk. Seven tests were performed on a recent vintage of API 5L

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Wilcox. PR-015-09200-R01A Compressor and Pump Station Incidents and Technology Gaps. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010956.

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In 2008, Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) took the initiative to identify the main causes of reportable incidents in compressor and pump stations. Data was gathered from several sources including the United States� Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Canada�s National Energy Board, and PRCI member companies. More than 1600 incidents were reviewed over an 18 year period (1990 to 2008). The incidents were evaluated based on their frequency of occurrence and the consequences of the incidents (injury, ignition, environmental impact, et

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