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Kuzminуkh, A. L., and S. I. Starostin. "The main activities of the State Automobile Inspectorate of the Vologda region in 1937–1991." Institute Bulletin: Crime, Punishment, Correction 13, no. 1 (May 13, 2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2076-4162-2019-13-1-35-43.
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At the moment in a society of great concern is the state of accidents on the roads. In this regard a significant scientific and public interest is the study of the historical experience of law enforcement agencies to ensure road safety. Within the framework of this article the authors on the basis of new archival documents reviewed the activities of the State Traffic Patrol Department of the Vologda Region in the years 1937–1991. The authors conclude that the role of State Traffic Patrol Department of the Vologda Region increased with the increase in the number of motor vehicles and the growth of the road network. Due to the specifics of the tasks performed, the State Traffic Patrol Department occupied a special place in the structure of the territorial bodies of internal affairs being the most mobile and technically equipped departmental unit. Its main functions were the fight against accidents, the development of technical standards for the operation of vehicles and its accounting, control over the preparation of the driver’s staff. Despite the growing complexity and intensity of work the staff of the State Traffic Patrol Department performed their professional tasks with honor and dignity, ensuring order on the roads.
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Thorpe, D. "Online Remote Construction Management trials in Queensland Department of Main Roads: a participant’s perspective." Construction Innovation 3, no. 2 (June 2003): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14714170310814855.
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Thorpe, D. "Online Remote Construction Management trials in Queensland Department of Main Roads: a participant's perspective." Construction Innovation 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1471417503ci048oa.
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Dique, David S., Jim Thompson, Harriet J. Preece, Guy C. Penfold, Deidré L. de Villiers, and Ros S. Leslie. "Koala mortality on roads in south-east Queensland: the koala speed-zone trial." Wildlife Research 30, no. 4 (2003): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02029.
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In 1995, the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, the Queensland Department of Main Roads and Redland Shire Council initiated the Koala Speed Zone Trial in the Koala Coast, south-east Queensland. The aim of the trial was to assess the effect of differential speed signs on the number of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) hit by vehicles in the Koala Coast from 1995 to 1999. On the basis of information collected by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service 1407 koalas were hit by vehicles in the Koala Coast during the five-year study (mean 281 koalas per year, range 251–315). Monitoring of vehicle speeds by the Queensland Department of Main Roads suggested that there was no significant reduction in vehicle speed during the trial period from August to December. Consequently, there was no evidence to suggest that a reduction in the number of koalas hit by vehicles occurred during the trial. Approximately 70% of koalas were hit on arterial and sub-arterial roads and approximately 83% did not survive. The location of each koala hit was recorded and the signed speed limit of the road was noted. Most koalas that were hit by vehicles were young healthy males. Pooling of data on koala collisions and road speed limits suggested that the proportion of koalas that survived being hit by vehicles was slightly higher on roads with lower speed limits. However, vehicle speed was not the only factor that affected the number of koalas hit by vehicles. It is suggested that habitat destruction, koala density and traffic volume also contribute to road-associated koala mortality in the Koala Coast.
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Xiong, Xiaoxia, Shuichao Zhang, and Lin Guo. "Non-motorized Vehicle Traffic Accidents in China: Analysing Road Users’ Precrash Behaviors and Implications for Road Safety." International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 11, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.110112.
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The paper aims to explore underlying patterns of non-motorized vehicle (NM, including both regular bicycles and e-bikes) traffic accident occurrences based on precrash behaviors. A quarter-year data of NM accidents was collected by Yinzhou Traffic Police Department of Ningbo, China. Descriptive statistics and Rough Set theory were used to examine rules within different types of NM accidents from temporal, spatial, and behavioral aspects. Some main findings include: behavior patterns of different parties involved vary across different accident types, levels of roads, and intersections; motorized vehicle’s illegal turning as well as NM’s reverse riding are the two key behaviors that deserve concern across all levels of roads and intersection; in addition, for higher level urban roads more attention should be focused on lane violations of motorized vehicles, and for branch roads and intersections prevention efforts could be directed to motorized vehicles’ illegal turning around and NM’s red-light running respectively. Results from this paper could facilitate related staff formulating more targeted policies to make roadways safer.
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Bouchedid, Michel B., and Dana N. Humphrey. "Permeability of Base Material for Maine Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1936, no. 1 (January 2005): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193600117.
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Cutting the cost of road maintenance and reducing life-cycle costs are the main reasons the FHWA has increased its emphasis on drainage in the pavement structural section. Good drainage requires that the base and subbase drain freely and relatively quickly. Poor drainage is thought to cause the Maine Department of Transportation (MaineDOT) to spend millions of extra dollars each year maintaining its state highways. Improved specifications and design policies for subbase material were developed by investigating the gradation and permeability of the subbase currently used by MaineDOT. Eight field projects were selected to investigate the permeability and gradation of subbase material for Maine roads. Results indicate that typical MaineDOT subbase gradations have excess fines and sand-size fraction compared with FHWA recommendations. The standard subbase currently used by MaineDOT has an average coefficient of permeability of 5.9 × 10−4 cm/s (1.7 ft/day) whereas the FHWA recommends a minimum coefficient of permeability of 0.35 cm/s (1,000 ft/day) for permeable base material. With multivariable regression analysis, an equation was determined to estimate subbase permeability from percent fines and coefficient of uniformity. Life-cycle cost savings of up to $244,000/km ($406,000/mi) of road can be achieved in Maine with the use of permeable base.
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Suwal, Arjun, and Santosh Kumar Shrestha. "Causes of Delays of Motorable Bridge Construction Under Postal Highway Projects, Department of Roads." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 2 (November 29, 2016): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v2i0.16101.
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<p>Successful completion of project can be linked up with timely completion of the project. This paper highlights on causes of delays in motor able bridge construction of Postal Highway Project under Department of Roads in Nepal. Out of 80 bridges under the project, 36 are completed and others are under construction. Questionnaires were distributed to 75 respondents from employers, consultants and contractors involved in Postal Highway Project. Data were analyzed based on 57 questionnaires received from questionnaire survey; interview with concerned Project Manager, Consultants, Contractors and progress reports. The main causes of delay are unusual low bid by contractors, lack of planned pre-execution of the project, delay in receiving clearances from various government authorities, poor site management and supervision by contractors due to large number of work in hand.</p><p><strong>Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management</strong>, Vol. 2, 2016, Page: 85-92</p>
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Awsarmal, Prashant, S. L. Hake, Shubham Vaidya, P. K. Bhandari, and M. P. Wagh. "Case Study for Road Safety Audit of Aurangabad City." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 06008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017006008.
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Efficient road network is a part-n-parcel of rapid industralization, urbanization and development of nation. While designing roads and highways, main emphasis is given on speed which will help to reduce time of journey and save fuel. But safety of drivers and passengers travelling along road is also important. In past, it was observed that while travelling, due to excess speed passengers safety was compromised. It will lead to accidents. It may cause severe injuries and loss of human life. Therefore it is important to check every aspect of vehicles as well as road during its design, construction and throughout the life of the road. Road safety audit is conducted to check performance of new road projects on grounds of offering maximum safety. Also checks are applied to study performance of existing roads to suggest repairs, rehabiliatation and maintenance work in order to improve condition of roads. During audit process, accident prone locations are identified. Past accident record from traffic department, Police department, hospitals etc are referred to understand damage that had occured. Even road geometry is investigated on technical basis. In present investigation, particular stretch of Beed Bypass Road passing through Aurangabad city in Maharashtra state, India was selected. On this road, accident sites where major accidents occurred in past were identified and investigated for different parameters. Based upon study, different causes of accidents and thereafter preventive methods were recommended during research work.
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Cancian, Glen, Wayne Pullan, and Gary Chai. "A Review of PMS Treatment Selection Techniques with Comparative Analysis with QTMR Technique." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 769–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.769.
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Treatment selection techniques used in Pavement Management Systems often rely on predefined priorities outlined by state road agency which are subject to priority and engineering judgement. These techniques can be implemented over multi-period planning horizons however doesnt necessarily provide the best possible works program. This paper presents an overview of Pavement Management Systems, then describes and analyses the four main categories of treatment selection techniques employed within these systems. An overview of the Pavement Management System implemented by the Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads and in particular its process of treatment selection is outlined. In addition a comparative analysis is then undertaken with each of these treatment selection categories.
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Bergantim, Rui, Mélanie A. G. Barbosa, Sara Peixoto da Silva, Bárbara Polónia, Hugo R. Caires, José E. Guimarães, and M. Helena Vasconcelos. "Measurable Residual Disease in Extracellular Vesicles from Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood of Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Proof-of-Concept Study." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 4712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-149398.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) treatment improved substantially in the last years, with unprecedented survival outcomes. However, even when achieving complete remission, patients ultimately relapse. Therefore, monitoring measurable residual disease (MRD) is crucial to assess treatment response and define the depth of patients' remission status. However, this currently still requires invasive bone marrow (BM) aspirates, which severely hinders real-time monitoring of the disease. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers of MRD in the peripheral blood (PB) of patients would allow a more frequent and minimally invasive monitoring of MRD. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are small particles (30-1000nm) shed by all cells, which are found in all biofluids including the BM and PB. These particles carry a specific cargo from their cell of origin, including proteins, enclosed by a lipidic layer. Therefore, they have been described as a possible source of cancer biomarkers, with potential to monitor MRD. AIMS: This study aimed to implement a protocol for the isolation of EVs from the BM and PB of MM patients at distinct stages of the disease (diagnosis and remission), in order to detect and compare the levels of known MRD biomarkers in their cargo. METHODS: The study was previously approved by the Ethical Committee of CHSJ and patient's consent was obtained. EVs from BM and PB Platelet-Poor Plasma (PPP) were isolated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and further concentrated by ultrafiltration (UF). Then, the EVs were characterized according to their size and concentration (by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis), morphology (by Transmission Electron Microscopy), protein concentration (Lowry protein assay) and presence of EV-associated protein markers (Western Blot - WB). In addition, 16 known MRD and MM biomarkers were analyzed by WB in the isolated EVs from PB and BM of seven patients, at two main stages of the disease - diagnosis versus response after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Clinical features regarding cytogenetics and immunophenotypic markers using multi-parameter flow cytometry (MFC) were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: The two-step protocol described allowed the isolation of size-resolved EVs from both PB and BM of MM patients. The EVs isolated (both from PB and BM) presented a size-range from 50 to 500nm and presented EV-associated protein markers, such as CD81 and CD63. Moreover, several MM MRD biomarkers (e.g. CD56, CD45, CD38 and light chain) were detected in the cargo of the EVs from BM and PB at diagnosis and complete remission. The biomarkers of MM and MRD detected in the cargo of PB EVs were mainly the same as the ones detected in the cargo of BM EVs. The complete remission after ASCT was mostly associated with a decrease in the expression of EV-associated MM markers in both the BM and the PB; however, in some patients a few of the markers persisted at this stage when compared to diagnosis. In fact, the expression of CD45 and HLA-DR persisted at the remission stage in 3 and 2, respectively, out of 5 patients presenting these markers at diagnosis. Moreover, an increased expression of CD56 was also detected at remission in 3 out of 7 patients. By correlating these data with patient's routine work-up it was found that patients with persistent CD45 didn't reach 10^-5 MRD negative by flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, this work suggests that it is possible to detect MM markers in EVs from either BM or PB of MM patients and compare their expression at different stages of the disease (diagnosis and remission after ASCT). Importantly, our results demonstrate the importance and potential of analyzing EVs cargo from PB, suggesting the possibility of using them for minimally invasive monitoring of MRD in MM patients. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The authors acknowledge Celgene/BMS for providing funding to this work (Project Looker - Grant_138800). The authors acknowledge Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Hematology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João and Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João. Disclosures Bergantim: Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Barbosa: BMS: Research Funding. Silva: BMS: Research Funding. Polónia: BMS: Research Funding. Caires: BMS: Research Funding. Guimarães: BMS: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding. Vasconcelos: BMS: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding.
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Ndou, Mathildah Mashudu, Jacob Tseko Mofokeng, and Dorcas Khosa. "Exploring the role of management in the implementation of talent management." Technium Social Sciences Journal 26 (December 9, 2021): 560–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v26i1.4887.
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The South African public sector institutions are faced with the challenges of proper implementation of talent management. The aim of this research is to explore the role of management in the implementation of talent management within the Department of Public Works, Roads and Infrastructure in the Limpopo Province. The inability by management to properly show their role in the management and implementation of talent management at all levels in the public sector has brought poor performance of duties by employees due to lack of motivation and low morale. A qualitative research approach was used. Purposive sampling was adopted using semi-structured interviews to gather data from participants. The findings revealed that challenges like career development, skills development, motivation, succession planning and remuneration packages including benefits allowances were the main limits which mainly prevented proper implementation of talent management in the Department.
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Richards, Jonathan. "Lyall Ford, Roads in the Wilderness: Development of the Main Road Network in Far North Queensland - the First 100 Years, Brisbane: Queensland Government Department of Transport and Main Roads, 2009, ISBN 9 7819 2071 9081, 405 pp., $40.00." Queensland Review 17, no. 1 (January 2010): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600005286.
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Kraatz, Simon, Heather J. Miller, Benjamin J. Poirier, Mahsa Moradi, and Jennifer M. Jacobs. "Potential Use of NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive Freeze–Thaw Tool to Assist in Minnesota Seasonal Load Restriction Timing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 5 (April 16, 2020): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120914623.
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The U.S. encompasses over 4 million roadway miles, with about half of them located in seasonal frost areas. Roads are especially susceptible to damage when the subsurface is saturated with water (i.e., spring thaw). Spring load restrictions (SLR) are important for maintaining the integrity of roads. Routine determinations of road freeze–thaw (FT) state are limited to vertically embedded temperature data probes (TDP). Although TDPs are valuable to departments of transportation for determining SLRs, TDPs only represent individual points within the road network and are costly to install and maintain. Recent updates to spaceborne technology and algorithms made physically based retrievals of FT conditions possible at improved accuracy and temporal resolution (every 3 days) and have potential use for assisting with SLRs. Although instruments such as NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) platform cannot resolve individual roads, past comparisons have shown good correspondence with TDPs. The main objective of this study is to provide information on the potential value of NASA’s SMAP FT tool to supplement other methods for making seasonal load restriction decisions. Results are compared against data and protocols by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) at 10 sites in Minnesota, over four winter seasons (2016–2019). Results show that even when a simple criterion is used—the date of the third consecutive thaw from the SMAP afternoon retrieval—those dates typically fell within a week of MnDOT road postings (61% of the time). In addition, SMAP FT typically matches TDP FT states throughout the year (79% of the time).
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Dhakal, Bhawani. "Assessment of Delay Factors and its Impacts on Selected Road Construction Supervised by Department of Road." Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture 6, no. 2 (May 14, 2021): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.202104.
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The objective of the study was to analyze the factors causing delay, their impacts, and the perception of local stakeholder towards the delay caused by delay causing factors. Questionnaire surveys were conducted and examination of records from concerned stakeholders within the research area has been carried out. The factors affecting the project delay were ranked using ‘five-point’ scale ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) and transformed to Relative Importance Index (RII). This study was carried out on the basis of literature review and the questionnaire survey on selected road to know the opinion of different parties involved. The questionnaire contained questions on delay causing factors identified through literature review and it came to eight groups and its impacts to five groups and perceptions of local stakeholder towards the delay caused by these delay factors into three groups on three roads i.e. Bharatpur-Meghauli road, Bharatpur-Bypass road, Baseni-Padampur road in Bharatpur Metropolitan City. The top five delay factors identified through the analysis of RII were political interference by political parties, timely payment to labors, local and political pressure, financial problem of the contractor and poor communication of consultant with other working parties. External factor was found to be the ranked one delay causing factors followed by labor factor, project factor, contractor factor and consultant factor. Time overrun cost overrun, wastages and under-utilization of human resources, cost inflation for equipment and materials due to extension of time and reputation of all parties’ involved in the projects were the impacts of delays. The SPI for all three roads was found less than 1 indicating all three projects were behind the schedule (time overrun). For the perception of local stakeholder towards the delay on road construction: accident on site, price inflation in goods and services, increase in noise pollution, increased in air pollution due to dust and particulates and human health were the top most main perceptions.
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Musiał, Paweł. "Police Academy in Szczytno, Poland." Internal Security 13, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2913.
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Traffic accidents are a very common cause of death or disability in people. They usually involve users of various vehicles on the road or pedestrians. They are also among the main problems of public health in Poland. Accidents cause many human tragedies every year. Every day, many people die on Polish roads for many different reasons. The motorcycle season tends to change its time-frame from year to year, taking the form of a year-round. Recklessness, non-compliance with road rules, excessive speed, bad weather conditions and mistakes made by car drivers cause many traffic accidents that involve motorcyclists. They result in severe multi-organ trauma or instant death of the victims. Modern technologies designed to improve the safety of motorcycles as well as the protections used in helmets and protective clothing are helpless in the face of traffic accident mechanisms. The author analyzed the data obtained from the Police Headquarters Road Traffic Department, showing the number of road incidents involving motorcyclists in 2019. The material shows the scale of accidents broken down into causes, number of road incidents in individual months and age of the perpetrators. The references to data from previous years show the problem of accidents on Polish roads and the position of Poland in the European statistics as a country with a high percentage of fatalities in traffic accidents.
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Zubareva, Anna M., Vladimir A. Glagolev, and Elena A. Grigorieva. "Characteristics of the spatial and temporal distribution of fire regime in ONE OF the most fire prone Region Of The Russian Far East." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 14, no. 2 (July 4, 2021): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2020-159.
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Wildfires affect the structure and distribution of vegetation all over the globe and have their own specifics in different regions. In this study, we considered the spatial and temporal distribution of fires in the Jewish Autonomous Region (JAR), which is the most fire-prone area of the Russian Far East. Using data from the Department of Natural Resources of the Jewish Autonomous Region, fires and burned areas for more than 40 years were analyzed. The average annual number of fires is near 100, and the average area of one fire is 134 hectares, which is significantly higher compared to other regions of Russia. The largest number of fires and fires with the greatest extent took place in 1975. The intra-annual distribution of fires is bimodal and depends on the climate characteristics of the region. Mapping of burning areas showed that most of the fires occurred near settlements and along roads. The main centers of fire ignition were areas with a large number of small fires (no more than 5 hectares), located within several types of locations: (1) asphalt and dirt roads, railroads and river valleys near settlements; (2) areas of former logging that have several large burned spots of more than 300 hectares; (3) plains with a high concentration of fires over a large region; and (4) small burned spots on the mountain slopes, along the field roads and small rivers. Regions with different degree of fire exposure were identified. Sedge-reed mixed grassy meadows and Agricultural land with shaded meadows are the plant formations most prone to wildfires. At the same time, more fires were detected in Cedar-deciduous forests as well as Oak and black birch forests. The findings are useful for environmental protection agencies in planning fire management strategies, optimizing the fire services and firefighting actions.
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Bala, Ramesh, Ghana Shyam Gautam, and Gautam Bir Singh Tamrakar. "Analysis of IRI value for assessment of optimum maintenance strategy for low traffic volume roads in Nepal." Journal of Science and Engineering 4 (April 3, 2017): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v4i0.22380.
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Road infrastructure is an important sector of economic activity for the development of a country. The road infrastructure is required to be maintained in proper condition to ensure its continuous utilization in proper manner. By proper maintenance of roads, continuous acceptability, a higher economy, safety and serviceability are gained. This research work was carried out through analysis of data collected from Department of Road (DoR) Nepal and surveyed through Google Earth. While analyzing data, data are categorized according to road type and pavement surface with spatial coverage. It mainly deals with the using of Road Economic Decision (RED) model, in which Highway Development and Management (HDM)-4 VOC model (Version 3.2) is used for computing coefficient of Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) and RED Main Economic Decision model is used to compute value of International Roughness Index (IRI) for optimum maintenance strategy for strategic road network of Nepal with low traffic volume. The outcome of analysis will help the concern authority to make good decision on making priority and economical selection of maintenance strategy for the road having specified range of IRI value depending on the pavement type, surface type and volume of vehicle with spatial coverage.
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Ji, Yang beibei, Rui Jiang, Ming Qu, and Edward Chung. "Traffic Incident Clearance Time and Arrival Time Prediction Based on Hazard Models." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/508039.
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Accurate prediction of incident duration is not only important information of Traffic Incident Management System, but also an effective input for travel time prediction. In this paper, the hazard based prediction models are developed for both incident clearance time and arrival time. The data are obtained from the Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads’ STREAMS Incident Management System (SIMS) for one year ending in November 2010. The best fitting distributions are drawn for both clearance and arrival time for 3 types of incident: crash, stationary vehicle, and hazard. The results show that Gamma, Log-logistic, and Weibull are the best fit for crash, stationary vehicle, and hazard incident, respectively. The obvious impact factors are given for crash clearance time and arrival time. The quantitative influences for crash and hazard incident are presented for both clearance and arrival. The model accuracy is analyzed at the end.
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Mattos, M. Beatriz C. "APPLICATION OF OIL SPILL ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY ANALYSES TO BRAZILIAN ROAD NETWORKS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-169.
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ABSTRACT Roads provide the main means of transportation in Brazil. According to data from the Brazilian Department of Infrastructure and Transport, 96.2% of the passenger transportation and 61.8% of the cargo transportation are based on road infrastructure. However, three quarters of the Brazilian roads are in terrible, unsatisfactory or generally inadequate condition. Poor road conditions are responsible for a great number of accidents with severe consequences for the population and the environment. Given the importance of this matter, there is a need to develop an intelligent system for automatic classification of social and environmental sensitivity maps in order to support actions that respond to emergencies and to help in transportation planning, especially considering the heavy movement of hazardous cargo, such as petroleum and its derivates. For this, tools such as GIS (Geographic Information System) allow social-environmental and traffic engineering characterization maps to be analyzed on a unified, georeferenced digital base. This way, administrators can estimate which stretches of the network are more environmentally sensitive and which pose greater risks, and therefore draw inferences on the most socially and environmentally vulnerable. Social and environmental vulnerability data not only help in the classification of the areas which pose the greater risks, but also make it possible to decide on emergency support points, creating a culture of prevention in the area of hazardous cargo transportation. The case study on the state of Rio Grande do Norte provides a measure of the importance of such work. The city of Natal - the state capital - and the Guamarí petrochemical facility are interconnected by 180 Km Road, on which more than 100 tanker trucks loaded with diesel and its derivates travel every day. This road is classified as in poor conditions and, according to the Brazilian Roads Police, it is one of the most dangerous. The relevance of this work is to show how information consolidated to a single database, georeferenced in a GIS, can assist planning for the safe transport of oil and hazardous cargos, benefiting not only the state'S population but the environment as a whole.
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Lobanova, Tatiana I., Elena N. Parovichnikova, Irina V. Galtseva, Vera V. Troitskaya, Julia O. Davydova, Nikolay M. Kapranov, Andrey N. Sokolov, Sergei M. Kulikov, and Valery G. Savchenko. "Primary Antigen Aberrations and Immunophenotype Shifts of Blasts in AML Patients during the Treatment and at the Time of Relapse." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 5183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-128650.
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Introduction. Presence of measurable by flow cytometry (FC) residual disease (MRD) is a well-known risk factor in AML patients (pts), which is associated with adverse prognosis. The main idea in MRD by FC is searching for leukemia-associated immunophenotype (LAIP) which is based on «different from normal (DfN) approach». DfN approach allows to capture any immuphenotypic (IP) shifts during the therapy. LAIP may change in 16-91% AML cases. There are some ELN recommendations for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which allows todetect "mandatory (most frequent)" aberrations. But each laboratory uses its own tactics for MRD detection, taking into account the capabilities and equipment, and approved standardized panel still does not yet exist. Aim. To find the most common and adverse IP aberrations of blast cells in the onset of AML, and to determine the frequency of IP shifts during treatment and in relapse. Patients and methods. From March 2016 to February 2018 71 newly diagnosed AML (18-79 y.o.) pts were included in the initial LAIP (before any treatment) detection in hematology department of National Research Center for hematology, Moscow, Russia. MRD was detected in bone marrows by FC with BD FACS Canto II. The standard panel included mAbs against CD19, CD7, CD2, CD38, CD65, CD66b, CD99 (FITC); CD56, CD15, CD11b, CD13 (PE); CD33 (APC); HLA-DR, CD14, CD16, CD117 (PerCP-Cy 5.5); CD45 (APC-H7) and CD34 (PE-Cy7). MRD was determined after 1st and 2nd treatment course and in relapse. Pts received different treatment strategy due to age, comorbid status, severe infectious complications and type of AML. Most common for 80% of pts was induction course «7+3». Next cycles differed by intensity. The threshold value of 0.01% was estimated for long-term prognosis in our research. Results. The distribution of aberrations of blasts in the AML onset is shown in pic. 1. The most common aberration was "reduced /absence expression": in 60% of pts it was observed in the combination CD34+/HLA-DRlow (HLA-DR-). The appearance of this aberration and its preservation during the course of therapy were also more common (10% - 15%) than others (pic 1). When analyzing the results of long-term survival, it was shown that low expression of CD38 and/or CD117, as well as increased expression of CD13 in combination with CD34+ on blast cells in AML onset, is associated with bad prognosis (pic.2). CD117 and CD38low are the earliest markers of progenitor cells and show the region for identifying stem cells and leukemic stem cell. When analyzing the remaining groups of aberrant combinations (overexpression, asynchronous and non-linear expression), no correlation with the long-term prognosis was revealed. From 15 relapses of AML, the change of the primary LAIP was detected in 40%. Of the 7 refractory AML pts, the change of primary LAIP was detected in 57%. Complete replacement of the primary LAIP - in 18% from those with relapse and refractoriness (pic 3). Conclusion. The immunophenotyping shifts in AML pts is a very common phenomenon. In our study 60% of LAIP in relapse remained the same and 43% was the identical in refractory pts. LAIP shifts during chemotherapy reflects the biology of the tumor and its low sensitivity to therapy, but eventually leads to relapse development. To cover all potential changes in the IP and early suspect the relapse development to change the tactics of therapy, it is necessary to use the complex standardized mAbs panel, which allows determining as many aberrancies, as possible. Figure Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Shrestha, R., SK Shrestha, SR Kayastha, N. Parajuli, D. Dhoju, and D. Shrestha. "A Comparative Study on Epidemiology, Spectrum and Outcome Analysis of Physical Trauma cases Presenting to Emergency Department of Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital and its Outreach Centers in Rural Area." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 11, no. 3 (May 3, 2015): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i3.12513.
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Background Physical trauma is one of the major cause of mortality and morbidity among young and active age group and its increasing trend is of main concern. There are only few studies concerning the spectrum of physical trauma in Nepal. Objective This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological spectrum, the extent, severity of the physical trauma and the outcome evaluation of patients with physical trauma over a period of one year in the emergency department of the Kathmandu University Hospital and compare the same parameters with those patients presenting to the various outreach centers of the hospital in the community. Methods Patient treatment files from the emergency department and the reports from various outreach centers were retrieved for a period of one year (May 2011 to April 2012). Epidemiological information, mode, type and anatomic location of injuries were recorded. Outcome evaluation was assessed by number of patients discharged from emergency department of the hospital or the outreach centers after the treatment, patients admitted for inpatient management and referred to other centers for further specialty management. Result In a period of one year, total 2205 (20%) of physical trauma cases presented to the emergency department and 1994 (6.12%) in the outreach centres. Most commonly involved age group in physical trauma both in Hospital set up and in Community set up were the young adults (15 to 49 years). Fall from height was the commonest mode of injury followed by road traffic accidents among the patients coming to the hospital while significant number of trauma patients coming to outreach centers were due to fall from height. In the hospital set up, 1525 (69.2%) of the cases were discharged while 537 (24.4%) needed inpatient management and 85 (3.8%) needed referral to other centers for the specialty management. In case of outreaches, half of the patients were discharged after the primary treatment and almost another half were referred to the hospital, mainly for need of further investigations. Conclusion Fall related injuries and road traffic accidents are the most common mode of trauma in the hospital set up and fall related injuries are the single most important mode of trauma seen in the outreaches. Mostly young adults in their active period of life are involved in physical trauma so appropriate preventive measures through public health approach should be included in comprehensive trauma management for reducing mortality and morbidity rates related to physical trauma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i3.12513 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2013; 43(3):241-246
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Mahikul, Wiriya, Ongvisit Aiyasuwan, Pashanun Thanartthanaboon, Wares Chancharoen, Paniti Achararit, Thakdanai Sirisombat, and Phathai Singkham. "Factors affecting bus accident severity in Thailand: A multinomial logit model." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): e0277318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277318.
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Bus accidents are a serious issue, with high rates of injury and fatality in Thailand. However, no studies have been conducted on the factors affecting bus accident severity in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Highways, Thailand over the 2010–2019 period. A multinomial logit model was used to evaluate the factors associated with bus accident severity. This model divided accidents into three categories: non-injury, injury, and fatality. The risk factors consisted of three major categories: the bus driver, characteristics of the crash, and environmental characteristics. The results showed that characteristics of the bus driver, the crash, and the environment where the crash occurred all increased the probability of bus accidents causing injury. These three main factors included driving on sloped roads (relative risk ratio [RRR] 3.03, 95% confidence level [CI] 1.73 to 5.30), drowsy driving (RRR 2.60, 95% CI 1.71 to 3.96), and driving in the wrong direction (RRR 2.37, 95% CI 1.77 to 3.19). Moreover, the factors that increased the probability of the accidents causing fatality were drowsy driving (RRR 3.40, 95% CI 2.07 to 5.57) and drivers not obeying or following traffic rules (RRR 3.02, 95% CI 1.95 to 4.67), especially in the northern part of Thailand (RRR 3.01, 95% CI 1.98 to 4.62). The results can provide a valuable resource to help road authorities in development targeting road safety programs at sloped roads in the northern part of Thailand. Stakeholders should increase road safety efforts and implement campaigns, such as raising public awareness of the risks of not obeying or following traffic rules and drowsy driving which could possibly reduce the risk of both injury and fatality.
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Obodai, Jacob, Paul Kitson Baffour Asamoah, and Joseph Edusei. "Cocoa Purchasing and the Issue of Insecurity in the Akontombra District in the Western Region of Ghana." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 34, no. 2 (August 31, 2018): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.321.
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The cocoa industry in Ghana is plagued with a number of challenges. Among such challenges is the issue of insecurity. This notwithstanding, there are limited scholarly findings on the nature and the underlying factors associated with these insecurity issues. This paper examined the cocoa industry in the Sefwi Akontombra District in the Western Region of Ghana and presents an analysis of the processes and procedures for cocoa purchasing in the district; the securityarrangements and mechanisms put in place during cocoa purchasing peak periods; the nature of access roads in cocoa growing areas in the district; and the influence of access roads on the insecurity of cocoa purchasing in the district. The study adopted a qualitative research approach and using a cross sectional study design, the case of OLAM Ghana Limited, a private licensed cocoa buying company operating in Sefwi Akontombra was examined. Primary data were gathered from purchasing clerks, drivers, warehouse keepers and officials of the company. Data from the District Command of the Ghana Police Service and the Department of Feeder Roads district office were solicited using interview guides. Non-participant observation and taking of photography were also employed as data capturing mechanism during the study. The study espoused content analysis in analysing the contents of the interviews and observational field notes in order to identify the main themes that emerge from the responses given by the respondents or the observation notes made. Inferences and implications were drawn then drawn from the analysis. The study found out that there was no security measure by OLAM Ghana Limited to ensure the safety of funds meant for cocoa buying, the storage and the transportation of cocoa beans in the study district. There was also no security arrangement during peak cocoa purchasing periods in the study district by key stakeholders within the cocoa sector in the district. Moreover, access road was further found out to be a major factor that accounts for some of the insecurity issues associated with cocoa purchasing activities in the Sefwi Akontombra District. The study thus recommends the development and adoption of security arrangements and mechanism by all stakeholders within the cocoa industry in the study district and the making of security issues a top priority by OLAM Ghana Limited.
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Cerutti, Elena, Paola Colagrande, Edoardo Provera, and Massimo Giusti. "A complicated case of deep vein thrombosis." Clinical Management Issues 5, no. 1 (March 15, 2011): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/cmi.v5i1.510.
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We report a case of a patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) associated to portal vein thrombosis (PVT), complicated by hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). The pathogenesis of DVT is multifactorial; among risk factors we can list: transitory situations (surgical interventions, infectious diseases with fever, traumas), acquired conditions (neoplasms, antiphospholipid syndrome) or genetically determined situations (thrombophilia). PVT of the sovrahepatic veins is responsible for 5-10% of portal hypertension cases in adults and can be associated to local or systemic infections. PVT is present in 10% of patients with cirrhosis and often associated to cancers. It can also complicate a surgery abdominal intervention. HAP is defined as pneumonia that appears for the first time within 48 h of hospital admission. In Internal Medicine Departments the incidence is 7-10 cases/1.000 of hospital admissions, with an important impact in terms of both mortality and morbility. An early diagnosis, together with a correct identification of microbiologic agents in cause, allows a suitable antibiotic therapy with consequent improvement of clinical prognosis and a meaningful reduction of mortality. Main risk factors are: age, hospital and department. An important variable to be considered is the onset of pneumonia. The later is the onset of HAP (5 or more days from the admission to hospital), the more often is associated to multidrug resistant (MRD) microorganisms, poorly responsive to antibiotic.
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Mahmood, Shaho Osman, Sanny A Sallam, Iman H Wahdan, Khalid Anwar Hama Ghareeb, Yahya Adil Hasan, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Fattah Hama Rahim Fattah, and Tareq H. Abdullah. "Survey on the Causes of Road Traffic Accidents in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq." International Electronic Journal of Medicine 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/iejm.2020.06.
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Background: Due to the stability and economic development in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, increase in the number of traffic crashes has been one of the serious challenges that local authorities have faced with. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of road traffic accidents (RTAs), road traffic injuries (RTIs), and their causes in Sulaimaniyah City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted based on the data collected from the Health Directorate/ MOH and the Traffic Department/ Ministry of Interior in Sulaimaniyah. A questionnaire was also used to collect required data from RTA casualties who were admitted to Sulaimaniyah Main Emergency Hospital during a 6-month period from January first till the end of June 2014. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0. Results: Based on the results obtained from Sulaimaniyah Main Emergency Hospital, there were 251 RTA victims in 2014 within the age range of 1 to 81 years. Moreover, RTAs led to the death of 270 and 280 individuals in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The main causes of RTAs were respectively over speeding (33%), the sudden appearance of a vehicle (13.9%), and vehicle slip (10.4%), speeding (48.7%), followed by drowsiness of the drivers (36.9%), and drunken driving (5.6%). Conclusion: In order to reduce RTAs, the overall quality of roads, quality of cars, and general driving skills should be improved. Moreover, for decreasing the rate of crashes inside the city, public transport modes such as tram or train should be prepared.
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Donaldson, Ross I., Patrick Shanovich, Pranav Shetty, Emma Clark, Sharaf Aziz, Melinda Morton, Tariq Hasoon, and Gerald Evans. "A Survey of National Physicians Working in an Active Conflict Zone: The Challenges of Emergency Medical Care in Iraq." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 2 (April 2012): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12000519.
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AbstractIntroductionThere has been limited research on the perspectives and needs of national caregivers when confronted with large-scale societal violence. In Iraq, although the security situation has improved from its nadir in 2006-2007, intermittent bombings, and other hostilities continue. National workers remain the primary health resource for the affected populace.ProblemTo assess the status and challenges of national physicians working in the Emergency Departments of an active conflict area.MethodsThis study was a survey of civilian Iraqi doctors working in Emergency Departments (EDs) across Iraq, via a convenience sample of physicians taking the International Medical Corps (IMC) Doctor Course in Emergency Medicine, given in Baghdad from December 2008 through August 2009.ResultsThe 148 physician respondents came from 11 provinces and over 50 hospitals in Iraq. They described cardiovascular disease, road traffic injuries, and blast and bullet injuries as the main causes of death and reasons for ED utilization. Eighty percent reported having been assaulted by a patient or their family member at least once within the last year; 38% reported they were threatened with a gun. Doctors reported seeing a median of 7.5 patients per hour, with only 19% indicating that their EDs had adequate physician staffing. Only 19% of respondents were aware of an established triage system for their hospital, and only a minority had taken courses covering ACLS- (16%) or ATLS-related (24%) material. Respondents reported a wide diversity of prior training, with only 3% having some type of specialized emergency medicine degree.ConclusionsThe results of this study describe some of the challenges faced by national health workers providing emergency care to a violence-stricken populace. Study findings demonstrate high levels of violent behavior directed toward doctors in Iraqi Emergency Departments, as well as staffing shortages and a lack of formal training in emergency medical care.Donaldson RI, Shanovich P, Shetty P, Clark E, Aziz S, Morton M, Hasoon T, Evans G. A survey of national physicians working in an active conflict zone: the challenges of emergency medical care in Iraq. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(2):1-9.
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Sundararajan, Komala Devi, Kamarudin Ambak, Basil David Daniel, Joewono Prasetijo, and Siti Zaharah Ishak. "Pedestrians’ involvement on safe crossing by using facilities based on extended theory of planned behaviour." MATEC Web of Conferences 250 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825002005.
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Malaysia is considered one of the countries experiencing rapid growth in motorization, automobile and transportation systems. Walking is a major mode of transportation in developing countries where most road user are pedestrians who spend significant time on roads and using the road facilities. Department of Road Safety (JKJR) Malaysia statistics recorded that pedestrian is the third highest category involved in traffic accident after the car and motocycle drivers. The potential cause of death to the pedestrian was lack of using crossing facilities and careless crossing. The main strategy can be used to reduce the severity of pedestrian fatalities by using proper safe crossing facilities. To have better understanding of pedestrian behaviour, extended theory of planned behaviour used to predict the behavioral intention and to increase the proper usage of crossing facilities among Malaysian pedestrians. Full structured models are proposed and to be tested so that, the significant predictor can be identified. In future works, a factor analysis, known as Structural Equation Model (SEM) will be used in modeling exercise. The hypothesis testing will be conducted to determine the significance of the constructs. Furthermore, it will have great significance for the future on how to better utilize and enhance the pedestrian to use crossing facilities.
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Savolainen, Peter T., and Andrew P. Tarko. "Safety Impacts at Intersections on Curved Segments." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1908, no. 1 (January 2005): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190800116.
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Indiana geometric design policy, consistent with national standards, allows for the design of intersections on superelevated curves if other solutions are prohibitively expensive. Consequently, the Indiana Department of Transportation (DOT) has built a number of such intersections. Following a series of fatal crashes at one of these intersections, Indiana DOT made a decision to avoid designing intersections on segments with steep superelevation. This design restriction calls for expensive alternatives, such as realigning roads or adding grade separations. This research was done to determine whether superelevated intersections were more hazardous than similar intersections located on tangents and, if so, to determine what combination of factors made this true. The research focused on two-way stop-controlled intersections where the mainline was a high-speed four-lane divided highway located on a superelevated curve. An attempt was made to analyze as many factors as possible by using appropriate comparison techniques. Negative binomial models were developed to determine the statistical relationship between crash occurrence and intersection geometric characteristics, including curvature of the main road. Crash severity and the joint impact of curvature with weather and lighting conditions were examined by using binomial comparisons of proportions. Research findings show significant increases in crash frequency and severity at intersections located on superelevated curves.
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Rita, Rita Gamasari. "النحت فى اللغة العربية و أبريفياسي فى اللغة الإندونسية." El-Jaudah : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.56874/faf.v1i1.87.
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Abstract: As for the main issue in this research, what is the object of the agreement and the difference between sculpture in Arabic and Abreviasi in Indonesian language? As for sculpting in the Arabic language, it is called abbreviation, it is the abbreviation of one or more words. The term carving in the Indonesian language is called Abreviasi. At the time of the hadith, the language needs sculpting and abreviasi to shorten speech and make it easier to pronounce. This research is very important for the research, especially for students of the Arabic Language Department. If they do not understand the sculpture well, it is difficult for them to understand the carved words and translate them into the Indonesian language well. As well as abreviasi in the Indonesian language and it is a phenomenon of linguistic that has expanded its use recently. This research is a desk-to-desk search. The research makes the agreement and the difference between sculpture in Arabic and abreviasi in the Indonesian language in terms of concept. As for the agreement in terms of the three types, and its difference is four. The agreement in terms of roads is seven, and the difference between them is eight.
الكلمات الأساسية: النحت، اللغة العربية
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Jaiswal, Vidhi, Anshula Neeraj Deshpande, Bhavna Dave, Seema Bargale, Poonacha Koodakandi S, and Bhavya Shah. "Retrospective Analysis of Demographic and Clinical profile of Pediatric Dental Patients Treated Under General Anesthesia." International Journal of Pedodontic Rehabilitation 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.56501/intjpedorehab.v7i1.268.
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Aim - To determine the demographic and clinical profile of children treated under general anaesthesia in last 7 years.
Methodology - A Medical-record department (MRD) based retrospective study was planned. Dental records all the pediatric patients treated under general anaesthesia in past 7 years (2012-2019) were reviewed and evaluated in the current retrospective analysis. For each patient, detailed clinical and demographic details were extracted and analysed using descriptive statistical analysis and chi-square test.
Results – In the current study, dental records of total 93 patients were included. These were divided into 2 groups – based on patient’s medical history, wherein group A included healthy children and group B included children with special health care with mean age of 5.40 ± 2.1 years and 10.3 ± 6.3 years respectively. Dental anxiety and un-cooperative behaviour (57%) were the main indication for treating pediatric patient under general anaesthesia and stainless-steel crown cementation was the most frequent procedure performed for both groups. Intra-group analysis showed significant association between age of the patient and need for dental treatment under general anaesthesia in group A (P ≤ 0.05). However, there was no significant difference and corelation found between gender and need for general anaesthesia. (P ≥ 0.05).
Conclusion -
According to the study, majority of the children treated under general anaesthesia were below 5 years and the major indication was un-cooperative behaviour. Stainless-steel crowns cementation was the most common treatment modality provided. It is important to emphasis more on prevention dental caries and thus avoid unnecessary exposure of children to general anaesthesia
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Marsik, Matthew, Forrest R. Stevens, and Jane Southworth. "Amazon deforestation: Rates and patterns of land cover change and fragmentation in Pando, northern Bolivia, 1986 to 2005." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 35, no. 3 (April 11, 2011): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133311399492.
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Much research has focused on deforestation in the Amazon, particularly with proximity to roads and population centers as proximate causes. This research presents the analysis of rates and patterns of land cover change in Pando, northern Bolivia, an area with most of its tropical humid forest still intact. Using a decision tree classifier, five forest/non-forest (FNF) classifications were created for 1986, 1991, 1996, 2000, and 2005 from 40 Landsat images that were preprocessed and mosaicked. FNF trajectory images were created for each date pair to indicate areas of stable forest and non-forest, and areas and rates of de/reforestation. Mean patch size, perimeter-area ratio, fractal dimension, and aggregation index metrics were calculated for the FNF trajectory images based on increasing buffer distances from road and along the main access road. In 2005, forest covered 95% of the area in Pando. Large areas of aggregated deforestation occur nearest the department capital of Cobija, along the border with Brazil, and about 50 km west and east of Cobija along the principal access road. Deforestation becomes patchier with increased distance from the population center and laterally from the road. Multiple non-linear relationships exist between the fragmentation metrics and distance from road. The results have implications for understanding and managing the spatial contiguity of these forests, which provide valuable ecological services as well as the livelihood base for many inhabitants.
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Gumenyuk, S. A., S. A. Fedotov, V. I. Potapov, and A. Yu Sysoev. "Experience of air medical teams of the Scientific and Practical Center for Emergency Medical Care of the Moscow City Health Department for 2015—2019." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 4 (December 13, 2020): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2020-0-4-60-68.
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Relevance. Due to busy roads of large cities and the resulting slow movement of ambulances with severely affected patients in need of specialized emergency care, new organizational technologies for medical evacuation support as well as modern means of transporting patients to qualified hospitals are required.Intention is to analyze activities of the aviation medical teams of the Scientific and Practical Center for Emergency Medical Care in Moscow in 2015-2019.Methodology. Using the automated information-analytical system “Disaster Medicine of the Moscow City”, activities of aviation medical teams over the last 5 years (2015-2019) were analyzed retrospectively in the Scientific and Practical Center of Emergency Medical Care. Ambulance helicopters are fully equipped to provide comprehensive intensive care for severely affected patients without noticeable deterioration of their condition, and utilization of this equipment was also assessed.Results and Discussion. Main stages of air ambulance formation in Moscow are described. Experience of aviation medical teams over the past 5 years in providing emergency medical care at the pre-hospital stage to those affected in emergency situations and severely ill patients is presented. The description of medical equipment of ambulance helicopters intended for providing emergency medical care to adults and children, including newborns, is given. The number of calls for aviation medical teams over the past five years is provided along with basic reasons and amount of night flights.Most often helicopters were used for transporting patients with severe concomitant and multiple injuries as a result of road accidents. Medical team composition of ambulance helicopters and the number of helipads on the territory of medical organizations of the city and the territories attached to Moscow are given.Conclusion. Based on the analysis of aviation medical teams activities, further ways to improve and develop the aviation medical service of the city of Moscow can be outlined to expand its use.
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Engbang, Jean Paul, Christian Beughuem Chasim, Bekolo Fouda, Mathieu Motah, Thomas Jim Kevin Moukoury, and Marcelin Ngowe Ngowe. "Epidemiology, diagnostic and management of abdominal trauma in two hospitals in the city of Douala, Cameroon." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20212266.
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Background: Abdominal trauma remains quite common in the general world and in developing countries in particular. The accidents in the public roads are the main cause and also the assumption of responsibility which remains questionable.Methods: It was a descriptive longitudinal study, carried out from 31 December 2018 to 19 April 2019, in Laquintinie and General hospital in Douala, Cameroon. Patients admitted for abdominal trauma and treatment in the emergency department, operating theater and visceral surgery were included in the study.Results: We found 21.2% (43 cases) of abdominal trauma in our series. Abdominal trauma mainly affected adults between 20 and 39 years old (27 cases, 63%) in our series. The male sex was most affected, with sex ration of 3.3. Road accidents occupy the first place with 34.9% (15 cases). Wounds in our series represented 27.9% (12 cases) and contusions 72.1% (31 cases). In fact, Abdomen without preparation was performed in 7.0% (3 cases) of cases, abdominal ultrasound in 48.8% (21 cases) and abdominal CT scan in 25.6% of patients (11 cases). The organs affected in order were the spleen, small intestine, colon, stomach and liver. We recorded postoperative complications with a morbidity of 11.6% with a single case of parietal suppuration and no death.Conclusions: In our context abdominal trauma remains quite frequent and concern particularly young people. The prevention of accidents on the public highway and the improvement of diagnostic and surveillance methods are the key for reducing this phenomenon leading to good management.
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Ababutain, Abdulaziz Y., and A. Graham R. Bullen. "Multicriteria Decision-Making Model for Selection of Build-Operate-Transfer Toll Road Proposals in the Public Sector." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1848, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1848-01.
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Governments in many countries have recently begun privatizing infrastructure sectors. Some of the forces that have been driving this movement are a scarcity of public resources, increase in the demand for services, political trend toward privatization, and expansion of global capital markets. The build–operate–transfer (BOT) approach has played a growing role in the implementation of infrastructure privatization. Because of the types, uncertainty, and high risk of BOT projects, the selection process is crucial. To date, decision makers in the public sector have lacked a set of complete selection criteria or a systematic process to help them make quality selections. The main objectives are to understand the details of toll road projects so that ( a) major criteria and variables related to toll roads can be identified and ( b) an integrated decision-making process model can be developed as a framework to help the public sector make quality decisions. The methodology includes development of a multicriteria decision-making model based on the analytical hierarchy process and validated by a case study of the California Department of Transportation privatization program. The model makes the selection process clear and allows it to be traced back by all parties. That fact will likely encourage the private sector to bid on BOT projects. A framework is developed that will enable the public sector to make better decisions when selecting BOT toll road proposals and to also save decision makers time and effort.
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MOHAMED, Azhar Salim, Pape Alassane Mbaye, Mbaye Fall, Aloise Sagna, Ndeye Aby Ndoye, Alou Diaby, Fatima Diallo, Oumar Ndour, and Gabriel Ngom. "Road traffic injuries among children in Dakar, Senegal." Medical Journal of Zambia 47, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.47.3.669.
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Introduction: Road traffic injuries (RTI) are a major public health problem and contribute significantly to the global burden. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of RTIs in children and to determine their socio-demographic and lesional characteristics.
Patients and methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study over a two-year period from January 2015 to December 2016 conducted at the Department of Pediatric Surgery at the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar. Included were all children under the age of 16 victims of a RTI. We studied various parameters relating to the victims (sex, age, education) and the accident (location and time of occurrence of the accident, circumstances and mechanism, duration of admission to the emergency unit, localization and type of lesion). The data was entered and processed using Microsoft Office Word and Excel 2010 software.
Results: Among the 425 cases received, 62.6% were boys and 37.4% girls. The average age of the children was 7.7 years. RTIs occurred mainly in pedestrian (63.8%) who wanted to cross the road. There were more accidents in the city-center area (64.9%) and during afternoons (61%). Lesions of the soft parts (wounds, contusion and decay) were predominated (89.6%) followed by fractures. The upper limbs were the main locations of trauma.
Conclusion: RTIs are common among children in Dakar. Boys crossing roads are the largest number of victims. Soft tissue trauma predominates and is mainly found on the thoracic limbs.
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Bonisile, Ngxito, Kahilu Kajimo-Shakantu, and Akintayo Opawole. "Assessment of alternative building technologies (ABT) for pre-tertiary school infrastructure delivery in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 30, no. 5 (August 5, 2019): 1152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-06-2018-0111.
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Purpose Anecdotal evidence indicates that there is a backlog in the pre-tertiary school infrastructure in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The purpose of this paper is to assess the adoption of alternative building technologies (ABT) for pre-tertiary educational infrastructure delivery with a view to providing empirical evidence that could guide policy responses towards its wider adoption. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a mixed methodology approach. This comprises a triangulation of a questionnaire survey and interviews. In total, 100 participants were randomly selected from 182 built environment professionals namely quantity surveyors, architects and engineers (electrical, mechanical, civil and structural) from the Department of Roads and Public Works (DRPW), who are currently involved in the Eastern Cape School Building Program (ECSBP). The questionnaire survey was supplemented by semi-structured interviews conducted with four top government officials (three from the Department of Education (DoE) and one from DRPW) who were also part of the questionnaire survey. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and phenomenological interpretation respectively. Findings The key findings showed that the level of adoption of ABT for pre-tertiary school infrastructure in the Eastern Cape province is primarily influenced and explained by perceptions that ABT offers inferior quality products compared to the conventional method, and limited awareness of its benefits. Research limitations/implications The study provides useful insights into the implications of the limited awareness of ABT as a an alternative technology for educational infrastructure delivery and policy responses towards its wider adoption and environmental sustainability. Originality/value Empirical evidence from this study indicates that the main motivation for the adoption of ABT is the limited government’s budget to cope with school infrastructural backlog, while environmental sustainability benefit is only secondary. Nonetheless, the realization that the backlogs in the provision of school infrastructure has resulted from sole reliance on the use of the conventional method is an indication of the potential that the adoption of ABT holds for minimizing of the backlog.
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Rodríguez Polo, Kelly Andrea, and Santiago Henao Pérez. "Safety performance functions in Dedicated Bus Lane of BRT on Caracas Avenue Corridor at Bogotá city." INGE CUC 15, no. 2 (October 8, 2019): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.15.2.2019.07.
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Introduction- Road safety is a global concern due to the fact that traffic accidents represent serious temporary and / or permanent damage to the health of those involved. On the other hand, the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems carries a large volume of passengers and during their operation; they are involved in this problem.
Objective- Accident prediction model implemented in the Highway Safety Manual 2010 or HSM is an alternative to evaluate the strategies that allow to reduce accidents in this type of systems. However, there is not specified safety performance functions (SPFs) developed for BRT systems. In the present work, the accident model of HSM is adapted by calibration of general SPFs expressions of the manual and also, SPFs were developed for BRTs installed on the central-line of main roads and use an exclusive lane of all other transport systems (both public or private) and mobility (e.g. bike paths).
Method / Results - Crashes reports and traffic volumes data supplied by the Department of Transportation of Bogotá were used. The model was calibrated using the safety performance functions (SPFs) of the HSM and a specific developed functions for the BRT conditions. These SPFs were developed using a negative binomial model in roadway segments and intersections.
Conclusions- Through the validation, it was found that the functions developed have a better fit than the established SPF of the HSM. The developed SPFs can be used as a tool to define safety performance guidelines of Bogotá's BRT corridors in the coming years.
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Kumar, M. Pramod, KM Gopinath, BN Roshan Kumar, and GA Gautham Balaji. "Closed Pan-talar Dislocation with Posterior Talar Process Fracture." Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 2 (2015): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10045-0009.
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ABSTRACT Total dislocation of the talus has been reported as 0.06% of all dislocations and 2% of all talar fractures. It usually occurs from considerable violence. Total dislocation of the talus is frequently an open injury, or the skin may be tented over the dislocated talus leading to skin slough. Closed total dislocation of talus with posterior process injury is rare. The functional prognosis is poor due to osteonecrosis of the talus which develops in the majority of cases. Review of literature reported successful closed reduction in cases of closed pan-talar dislocation under anesthesia. However, there were few cases where there was difficulty in closed reduction. Operative technique has also been described in different reports of similar cases. Case report We present a case of pan-talar dislocation of the left talus in a 25-year-old road accident victim, with posterior talar process fracture. Reduction of dislocation was attempted in emergency department by external manipulation. Reduction process failed, and hence planned for reduction under anesthesia. It required a open reduction after a unsuccessful closed reduction attempt. The talus after reduction was found to be unstable hence, stabilized with trans-calcaneotalar Steinmann pin. At 1-year follow-up, the right ankle was pain free and stable. Motion was satisfactory. The talus after a follow-up of 1 year did not show any signs of subluxation or avascular necrosis. Conclusion The main obstacle to closed reduction appeared to be talus had button holed through dorsal fascia. The talus after reduction was found to be unstable hence stabilized with trans-calcaneotalar Steinmann pin. The management of the associated fracture will depend on many factors, particularly displacement of the fracture fragments. How to cite this article Kumar MP, Gopinath KM, Kumar BNR, Balaji GAG. Closed Pan-talar Dislocation with Posterior Talar Process Fracture. J Med Sci 2015;1(2):32-35.
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Ningsih, Tina Amnah. "Kadar Karbon Monooksida di Udara pada Badan Jalan Kota Ambon." Jurnal Kesehatan Terpadu (Integrated Health Journal) 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32695/jkt.v10i2.45.
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Some types of air pollutants from motor vehicle exhaust gases are carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC), and others. The increase in the number of motorized vehicles will have a direct impact on the increasing concentration of CO exhaust emissions in the air. This study aims to determine the level of CO gas in the air on the road in Ambon City. The type of research used is descriptive. The sampling location was on the road of Jenderal Sudirman which is one of the main roads in Ambon City which often experiences congestion due to the dense flow of motorized vehicles, especially during the daytime. Measuring CO was done at one point with measurements twice with the duration of sampling for one hour. The results of the examination of CO levels in the air showed that CO levels were low in the morning at 5750 µg / Nm3. While CO levels during the day increased to 8900 µg / Nm3. Based on the results of measurements of CO levels on Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Sirimau District, Ambon City, it was stated that they met the requirements based on Government Regulation No. 41 of 1999 CO levels in the air with a duration of measurement for 1 hour, amounting <30,000 µg / Nm3. From the results of the research conducted suggested that one of them is the Department of Hygiene and Parks can carry out reforestation in the area of the road body to maintain CO levels that do not pass through the predetermined of Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC).
Keywords: CO levels, air quality, air quality in Ambon City
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Fernandes, Genevieve D., and Dr Nisha P. Naik. "Building Collapse: Factors and Resisting Mechanisms, a Review." International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE) 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijermce/09.08.a007.
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All through the ages in all human civilizations men have been engaged in construction activity, not only to build their dwellings and house their activities, but also roads, bridges to facilitate means of transport, and communication etc. The main concern in this activity was to ensure safety and reduce the collapse of the buildings and other structures. But even after taking all precautions it is impossible to guarantee the safety and collapse because of several unforeseen reasons like faulty constructions, design errors, overloading, soil liquefactions, gas explosion, material degradation, terrorist attacks and economic factors are also contributing to the collapse. It is also uneconomical to design the structure for unforeseen events unless they have reasonable chance of occurrence. In order to ensure the safety and prevent collapse, many guidelines have been framed by local bodies and government authorities in many countries like United States Department of Defence (DOD), United States General Service Administration (GSA) and Euro-Codes in European Nations. Some other practices are followed to incorporate redundancies in the structure like detailing, ductile designs, tying of elements at particular locations, provision of hinges and inter connections. It is also to be admitted that full proof safe design structure for accidental events cannot be prepared and implemented as it is uneconomical and the chances of such occurrences are less. This paper reviews past case studies of collapse of structures with an aim to develop an understanding of collapse mechanism. This study will definitely help to bring about a detailed improvement in the design to maximize the quality of the construction at a minimal cost.
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Sitou, Léonard, and Idriss M’bouka Milandou. "Etude De Surcreusement Des Pistes Rurales Ou Forestières, Sur Le Plateau Des Cataractes: Cas Des Routes Koubola - Kibossi Et Koubola – Bissinza (République Du Congo)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 21 (July 31, 2017): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n21p116.
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This article investigates the track overdeepening, a rare type of degradation that turns roads into trenches. He carried on two rural tracks south of Brazzaville, in the Pool Department, in the Republic of Congo, quantifying the phenomenon by the cubing method; describes the processes of formation and evolution through in situ observations; Highlights the vulnerability of the environment through the quantification of some variables representing its physical characteristics and, with the ArcGis 10.1 software, maps the phenomenon for a geo-referenced location of the main forms. Estimated at 13,724 tons of land loss on the first axis and 14,424 tons on the second road, the overcrowding is one of the forms of dramatic erosion of agricultural or forest tracks in the study area. Triggered by the bad treatment of the ruts, the processes of installation and evolution of this type of gully are favored by the sensitivity of the tracks themselves marked by apparent densities which vary between 1.7 and 1.8 g / centimeter cubic, with an average porosity (about 30%) and that of the geological formations in the clayey-clay ensemble with a high clay content (over 30%) which favors the process of overdeepening marked by the verticality or almost of the boundary walls. The mean of the erosivity index R is estimated at 6000 MJ.mm/ha.h.an, with an average annual height of 1400 mm characterizing the climatic aggressiveness of the zone and the slopes which reach and exceed the 25% , Are all aggravating factors. The prediction of this phenomenon requires a change in the method of treatment of the ruts and the stabilization of the forms already constituted and active, by that of the rolling surface and especially the walls by bio-mechanical methods.
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Tacuri Ortega, Christian, Felipe Calderón Peralvo, Julia Martínez Gavilanes, Chester Sellers Walden, and Omar Delgado Inga. "3 Elaboración del mapa de ruido de las calles de la ciudad de Cuenca, a de partir de características viales y densidad de tráfico." Universidad-Verdad, no. 73 (September 27, 2017): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33324/uv.v1i73.36.
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Debido al progresivo crecimiento del parque automotor en la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador, se evidencian congestiones por la sobresaturación del tráfico en las vías de la ciudad, las cuales colapsan en horas pico, ocasionando, como consecuencia, elevados niveles de ruido. Por esta razón, el presente artículo tiene como objeto modelar el ruido generado por el tráfico vehicular en las principales calles de la ciudad. Para ello se utilizará el modelo de predicción de ruido NMPB-Routes-96 en el software especializado en ruido “Datakustik CadnaA”; para el efecto se ha realizado un levantamiento de los datos requeridos por el software, además de validar, depurar y sistematizar la información de la geodatabase proporcionada por la Dirección Municipal de Tránsito y Transporte (DMT) del GAD municipal de Cuenca, en la cual hay información sobre las características viales y del parque auto motor de la ciudad.
Palabras clave: Ruido, mapa, CadnaA, nivel de presión sonora.
AbstractDue to the progressive growth of the car park in the city of Cuenca-Ecuador, there is evidence of congestion due to the over-saturation of traffic on the city’s roads, which collapse in peak hours, resulting in high noise levels, resulting in high noise levels. For this reason, this article aims to model the noise generated by vehicular traffic in the main streets of the city, using the noise prediction model NMPB-Routes-96 in the specialized noise software “Datakustik CadnaA”, for this purpose a survey of the data required by the software has been carried out, besides validating, debugging and systematizing of the geodatabase information provided by the Municipal Transit and Transport Department (DMT) of the municipal GAD of Cuenca , in which there is information about the road characteristics and of the automotive park of the city.
keywords: Noise, map, CadnaA, sound pressure level.
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Ma, Xiaoli, Yingying Xing, and Jian Lu. "Causation Analysis of Hazardous Material Road Transportation Accidents by Bayesian Network Using Genie." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (August 5, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6248105.
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With the increase of hazardous materials (Hazmat) demand and transportation, frequent Hazmat road transportation accidents had arisen the widespread concern in the community. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the risk factors’ implications, which would make the safety of Hazmat transportation evolve from “passive type” to “active type”. In order to explore the influence of risk factors resulting in accidents and predict the occurrence of accidents under the combination of risk factors, 839 accidents that have occurred for the period 2015–2016 were collected and examined. The Bayesian network structure was established by experts’ knowledge using Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. Parameter learning was conducted by the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm in Genie 2.0. The two main results could be likely to obtain the following. (1) The Bayesian network model can explore the most probable factor or combination leading to the accident, which calculated the posterior probability of each risk factor. For example, the importance of three or more vehicles in an accident leading to the severe accident is higher than less vehicles, and in the absence of other evidences, the most probable reasons for “explosion accident” are vehicles carrying flammable liquids, larger quantity Hazmat, vehicle failure, and transporting in autumn. (2) The model can predict the occurrence of accident by setting the influence degrees of specific factor. Such that the probability of rear-end accidents caused by “speeding” is 0.42, and the probability could reach up to 0.97 when the driver is speeding at the low-class roads. Moreover, the complex logical relationship in Hazmat road transportation accidents could be obtained, and the uncertain relation among various risk factors could be expressed. These findings could provide theoretical support for transportation corporations and government department on taking effective measures to reduce the risk of Hazmat road transportation.
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Suvittawat, Adisak. "Competitiveness of Thai Entrepreneurs: Key Success Factors of Logistics Business Operations." Information Management and Business Review 6, no. 6 (December 30, 2014): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v6i6.1126.
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The purpose of this study is to identify the key success factors that affect Thai entrepreneurial competitiveness in logistics business operations. Four main parameters and twelve variables were first identified from both a literature review and observations from the Thai context, and were then explored. The methodology of this research began with a literature review. Fifty entrepreneurs in the logistics sector then filled out questionnaires, which were analyzed using a mean and standard deviation (SD) model. Results showed that the responses were in the agreed level in which the mean=2.89 and SD=0.35. The mean of the variable Thailand Infrastructure is still incomplete, was 2.94. The mean of Fuel Prices still Continuously Increase, was 2.90; and the mean of Thai Entrepreneurs Mainly Use Road Transportation was 2.84. Responses showed the mean of the variable Thai Entrepreneurs Have Too Little Understanding of Effective Transportation System, was 3.04. The mean of Thai Entrepreneurs Lack Knowledge and Skills about Just-in-Time Concept, was 2.79; and the mean of the Logistics Management is Separately Managed, the Collaboration in each Department is Low, was 2.58. The mean of Domestic Laws and Regulations are not Competitive was 3.03. The mean of Cross-border Trade and Regulations need to be revamped, was 2.94; and the mean of International Transportation Rules must be changed, was 2.73. The mean of Thai Logistics Workforce Lacks Logistics Management Skills and Experience, was 3.45. The mean of Thai Logistics Workforce Productivity is Lower than Entrepreneurs’ Expectations, was 2.97 and the mean of English Proficiency of Thai Logistics Workforce is Low, was 2.73. Thai entrepreneurs need to improve their competitiveness by focusing on the key factors that affect logistics business success, such as figuring out how to cut operational management costs, improve ineffective inventory management and improve the quality of workforce skills and knowledge. Transportation costs are still high, and since these costs are influenced by Government policies, Thai entrepreneurs need the Government to establish plans for infrastructure investment, such as by focusing on rail transportation rather than relying on roads. This would help entrepreneurs to enhance their competitiveness and provide excellent customer service. Effective inventory management requires both upstream and downstream development because inventory management involves more than just one function, such as the purchasing department or workin-process responsibilities, so all functions should work together. Inventory management success requires good collaboration with suppliers, transportation providers, distributors, and customers.
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Erden, T., and M. Z. Coşkun. "Multi-criteria site selection for fire services: the interaction with analytic hierarchy process and geographic information systems." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2010): 2127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-2127-2010.
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Abstract. This study combines AHP and GIS to provide decision makers with a model to ensure optimal site location(s) for fire stations selected. The roles of AHP and GIS in determining optimal locations are explained, criteria for site selection are outlined, and case study results for finding the optimal fire station locations in Istanbul, Turkey are included. The city of Istanbul has about 13 million residents and is the largest and most populated city in Turkey. The rapid and constant growth of Istanbul has resulted in the increased number of fire related cases. Fire incidents tend to increase year by year in parallel with city expansion, population and hazardous material facilities. Istanbul has seen a rise in reported fire incidents from 12 769 in 1994 to 30 089 in 2009 according to the interim report of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Department of Fire Brigade. The average response time was approximately 7 min 3 s in 2009. The goal of this study is to propose optimal sites for new fire station creation to allow the Fire Brigade in Istanbul to reduce the average response time to 5 min or less. After determining the necessity of suggesting additional fire stations, the following steps are taken into account: six criteria are considered in this analysis. They are: High Population Density (HPD); Proximity to Main Roads (PMR); Distance from Existing Fire Stations (DEF); Distance from Hazardous Material Facilities (DHM); Wooden Building Density (WBD); and Distance from the Areas Subjected to Earthquake Risk (DER). DHM criterion, with the weight of 40%, is the most important criterion in this analysis. The remaining criteria have a weight range from 9% to 16%. Moreover, the following steps are performed: representation of criterion map layers in GIS environment; classification of raster datasets; calculating the result raster map (suitability map for potential fire stations); and offering a model that supports decision makers in selecting fire station sites. The existing 35 fire stations are used and 17 fire stations are newly suggested in the study area.
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K.C., Krishna, and Jayan Man Shrestha. "Maxillofacial injuries managed at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal: a 7 year retrospective study." Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jssn.v19i1.24548.
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Introduction: Of all the facial injuries, maxillofacial region is one most frequently involved. The maxillofacial region is most prone to trauma owing to its prominent position in the skull which gets involved easily in case of trauma. Facial injuries can have long term consequences in terms of esthetics and function. Few series have been studied in terms of incidence of facial trauma in Nepal.
Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all the patients admitted and treated at the surgery and dental department of the Tribhuvan University teaching hospital with the diagnosis of facial injuries over the period of 8 years (2008 to 2016). The characteristics of these injuries were analyzed. The causes of injury were classified as follows: traffic accidents, assaults, animal attacks, falls, sports and related to the disaster. Anatomically, fractures of the mandible were classified into following regions: symphysis, parasymphysis, canine, body, angle, condyle and fractures more than one site (multiple sites). Midface fractures were classified according to the Le fort classification into Le fort I, Le Fort II, Le fort III and ZMC.
Results: A total of 133 patients with facial fractures were treated between 2008 and 2016 which were retrospectively analyzed. The male: female ratio was 2:1 and the largest subgroup of patients were between 16 and 30 years of age. The most common cause of injury was road traffic accidents (62.4%) involving motorcycles or automobiles. Other common causes included, in descending order, falls (5.2%), animal attacks (5.2%) assaults (3.7%) and sports. Isolated mandibular fractures were most common (50.4%), followed by isolated Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures (18.8%). The percentage of fractures involving Le fort I was 8.3%, and that of isolated alveolar fractures was 9%.
Conclusion: RTAs remains the main cause for maxillofacial injuries where males were predominately affected, condition of the roads, traffic regulations and adverse weathers all contribute to the TRAs in developing countries like Nepal.
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Vilain, Pascal, Frédéric Pagès, Xavier Combes, Pierre-Jean Marianne Dit Cassou, Katia Mougin-Damour, Yves Jacques-Antoine, and Laurent Filleul. "Health Impact Assessment of Cyclone Bejisa in Reunion Island (France) Using Syndromic Surveillance." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 2 (February 27, 2015): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15000163.
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AbstractIntroductionOn January 2, 2014, Cyclone Bejisa struck Reunion Island (France). This storm led to major material damages, such as power outages, disturbance of drinking water systems, road closures, and the evacuation of residents. In this context, the Regional Office of French Institute for Public Health Surveillance in Indian Ocean (Cire OI) set up an epidemiological surveillance in order to describe short-term health effects of the cyclone.MethodsThe assessment of the health impact was based mainly on a syndromic surveillance system, including the activity of all emergency departments (EDs) and the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) of the island. From these data, several health indicators were collected and analyzed daily and weekly. To complete this assessment, all medical charts recorded in the EDs of Reunion Island from January 2, 2014 through January 5, 2014 were reviewed in order to identify visits directly and indirectly related to the cyclone, and to determine mechanisms of injuries.ResultsThe number of calls to the EMS peaked the day of the cyclone, and the number of ED visits increased markedly over the next two days. At the same time, a significant increase in visits for trauma, burns, and carbon monoxide poisoning was detected in all EDs. Among 1,748 medical records reviewed, eight visits were directly related to the cyclone and 208 were indirectly related. For trauma, the main mechanisms of injury were falls and injuries by machinery or tools during the clean-up and repair works. Due to prolonged power outages, several patients were hospitalized: some to assure continuity of care, others to take care of an exacerbation of a chronic disease. An increase in leptospirosis cases linked to post-cyclone clean-up was observed two weeks after the cyclone.ConclusionInformation based on the syndromic surveillance system allowed the authors to assess rapidly the health impact of Cyclone Bejisa in Reunion Island; however, an underestimation of this impact was still possible. In the near future, several lines of work will be planned by the authors in order to improve the assessment.VilainP, PagèsF, CombesX, Marianne Dit CassouPJ, Mougin-DamourK, Jacques-AntoineY, FilleulL. Health impact assessment of Cyclone Bejisa in Reunion Island (France) using syndromic surveillance. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(2):1-8
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Zufahrizzat, S., MY Nuruddin, O. Saifudin, and A. Rauf. "Acute Traumatic Posterior Shoulder Dislocation With Greater Tuberosity Fracture." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 5_suppl5 (May 1, 2020): 2325967120S0008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00081.
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INTRODUCTION: Posterior shoulder dislocation is a rare injury and represents 2-5% of all shoulder dislocation cases. Even less frequent , posterior fracture-dislocation represents 0.9 % of shoulder fracture dislocation. Mechanism of injury include a traumatic event with axial loading of the adducted , internally rotated arm or more commonly from violent muscle contraction following a seizure or electrocution injury. Delays in diagnosis it are common, estimating 50 % are missed and it can lead to chronic pain, stiffness and long-term functional disability. METHOD: A 44 years old male was brought to our emergency department following road traffic accident. He was riding a motorcycle when he was hit by car from the left side. He complained of severe pain and functional disability of his left shoulder. Radiographs revealed posterior shoulder dislocation (light bulb sign) with quiry greater tuberosity (GT) fracture. CT scan was performed to assess fracture displacement. U slab was then applied, and the patient was taken to operation theatre after a routine blood investigations. RESULT: The patient was placed in semi beach position under general anesthesia. Incision was made via transdeltoid approach. Intraoperatively, posterior dislocation of the humeral head was confirmed. GT fragment size 2.7 cm x 1.6 cmwas indentified and reduced with temporary Kirschner-wires. The reduction was confirmed under image guidance and final fixation achieved with two partially threaded 4.0 mm cannulated screws. The shoulder was then immobilized with a sling 2 weeks subsequently pendulum exercise and progressive range of motion exercise was started. DISCUSSION: Inadequate radiograph including axillary view and poor physical examination are the main factors of misdiagnosis.The physicalfindings that may present are shoulder locked in an internally rotated posititon with limited external rotation , prominent posterior shoulder and coracoid . Radiograph will showing positive rim sign , absence of the half-moon overlap , light-bulb sign, and the trough line. A delay in diagnosis and treatment of posterior shoulder dislocation or fracture-dislocation has increased risks of nonunion, subsequent humeral head collapse, avascular necrosis and post-traumatic arthritis. CONCLUSION: Posterior dislocation of shoulder associated with greater tuberosity fracture is a rare and frequently missed injury. A thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation should avoid the missed diagnosis. REFERENCES: Figueiredo A et al Posterior fracturedislocation of the shoulder: An often unrecognized traumatic injury Orthopedics, Traumatology and Sports Med Int Journal (2018) 1 :8-11
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Seymour, John F., Jenny Qun Wu, Relja Popovic, Barbara Eichhorst, Peter Hillmen, Thomas J. Kipps, Anton W. Langerak, et al. "Assessment of the Clonal Dynamics of Acquired Mutations in Patients (Pts) with Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (R/R CLL) Treated in the Randomized Phase 3 Murano Trial Supports Venetoclax-Rituximab (VenR) Fixed-Duration Combination Treatment (Tx)." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-147731.
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Abstract Introduction: In the MURANO trial (NCT02005471), fixed-duration VenR (2 yrs Ven + R for the first 6 mo) improved survival and rates of undetectable minimal residual disease (MRD) over bendamustine (Benda)-R in pts with R/R CLL. Novel recurrent mutations in BCL2 and family genes (eg BAX and PMAIP1 [encoding Noxa]) have been linked to Ven resistance. We analyzed MRD+ samples from VenR-treated pts in MURANO to assess the nature and frequency of acquired mutations in BCL2 family genes (marker of emergent Ven resistance) and TP53 (may negatively impact response to re-Tx). We also analyzed the impact of these mutations on time to next CLL Tx (TTNT) and subsequent response. Methods: Pts included in this analysis received up to 2 yrs of VenR and had, at any time, ≥1 CLL cell per 100 leukocytes (high MRD+) in peripheral blood. Deep next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed without cell selection using a custom targeted NGS panel, encompassing 87 cell death related genes (coding regions and selected promoters). A CD19-enriched pre-Tx sample, analyzed by whole-exome sequencing, was available for all pts for comparison. Data cutoff was May 8, 2020, for the MURANO main study and Oct 13, 2020, for the substudy (where pts received next-line VenR following progression after initial VenR Tx). TTNT was calculated using the main study Ven completion/discontinuation date and the date of the first subsequent CLL Tx. Results: 107 samples from 42 pts, collected 21-42 mo post-Tx initiation, were evaluable. No BCL2 mutations were identified (limit of detection - variant allele frequency [VAF] 1%). Acquired BAX and PMAIP1 mutations were seen in 4 and 2 pts, respectively. Discordance between VAF and CLL MRD, and lack of proportionality in results with serial testing, suggested presence of BAX mutations in the non-CLL compartment in some pts, with further testing of sorted populations needed to clarify the source. All BAX mutations identified have been predicted to lead to loss of protein function, including 4 frameshift mutations. PMAIP1 mutations included a frameshift mutation (T86fs) and a mutation affecting gene splicing, both suggesting a loss-of-function effect. Nineteen TP53 mutations in 15/42 pts were observed across longitudinal samples (8/19 mutations in 6 pts present at baseline, 11/19 in 11 pts newly acquired, and 2 pts with both baseline and acquired mutations). Co-occurrence of TP53mut with BAXmut or PMAIP1mut was observed in 3/15 and 1/15 pts, respectively; based on VAF and assuming heterozygosity, these were likely in different clones. After Ven cessation, 28/42 (66.7%) had received an additional anti-CLL Tx by the cutoff; 19 pts received Ven-based regimens (15 in the substudy; 4 received other Ven-containing regimens per investigators' choice), 8 pts received ibrutinib (Ibr) monotherapy and 1 pt received Benda. Of the 19 pts who received Ven-based regimens (median 22.6 mo [range 11.9-38.1] post-main study end of Tx), 8 had TP53mut (5 acquired, 3 baseline), with 5/8 (63%) responding (complete response, 3 pts; partial response [PR], 2 pts). Six/11 pts (55%) with TP53-wild-type (WT) responded, all PRs. Two pts with TP53mut received Ibr as next Tx (one responded) vs 6 TP53-WT pts (all responded). The one pt treated with Benda without response had coexisting TP53mut and BAXmut. One patient with BAXmut received Ven re-Tx without response, while in pts with BAXmut and PMAIP1mut, responses to Ibr were 100% (2/2 pts) and 50% (1/2 pts), respectively (Table). No association was apparent between acquired TP53mut and TTNT, median 784 days (d; range 248-1051) vs 617 d (range 302-1142) in TP53-WT pts. Pts harboring BAXmut (n=5) had a shorter median TTNT (305 d; range 248-874) than BAX-WT pts (678 d; range 302-1142). Conclusion: No acquired BCL2 mutations were found in this analysis of pts from MURANO who received fixed-duration VenR Tx and subsequently manifest high MRD+. This suggests that fixed-duration Tx may reduce the propensity for selection of BCL2 resistance mutations, although confirmation using orthogonal methodology with higher sensitivity is required. Acquired TP53 mutations, noted in ~40% of pts, did not preclude response to subsequent Tx (primarily Ven-based regimens). Consistent with the TP53-independent mechanism of Ven, Ven re-Tx may be effective for pts with MRD+ disease who have relapsed following initial fixed-duration VenR Tx. More data are needed to better understand the significance of BAX or PMAIP1 mutations. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Seymour: Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Mei Pharma: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Morphosys: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sunesis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Wu: Roche/GNE: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment. Popovic: AbbVie: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Eichhorst: Consultant Department I for Internal Medicine: Consultancy; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accomodation, expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accomodation, expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accomodation, expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accomodation, expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BeiGene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accomodation, expenses, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accomodation, expenses, Speakers Bureau; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Speakers Bureau; Hexal: Speakers Bureau; ArQule: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oxford Biomedica (UK): Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MSD: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; University Hospital of Cologne: Current Employment. Hillmen: University of Leeds: Current Employment; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria; SOBI: Honoraria. Kipps: European Research Initiative on CLL (ERIC): Honoraria; DAVA Pharmaceuticals: Speakers Bureau; Bionest Partner: Other; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other, Research Funding; Genetech: Honoraria, Other; Genentech-Roche: Consultancy; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Honoraria, Other; MD Anderson Cancer Center: Research Funding; Velos: Research Funding; CRIM: Research Funding; Indy Hematology Review: Other; TG Therapeutics: Other; Verstem: Other, Speakers Bureau; University of California, San Diego: Current Employment; Pharmacyclics/AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Breast Cancer Research Foundation: Research Funding; SCOR - The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society: Research Funding; National Cancer Institute/NIH: Honoraria, Research Funding; DAVAOncology: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other, Speakers Bureau; Oncternal Therapeutics, Inc.: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Other: Stock or other ownership, Patents & Royalties: Cirmtuzumab was developed by Thomas J. Kipps in the Thomas J. Kipps laboratory and licensed by the University of California to Oncternal Therapeutics, Inc., which provided stock options and research funding to the Thomas J. Kipps laboratory., Research Funding; Genentech/Roche: Honoraria; Moores Cancer Center: Current Employment; MedImmune Inc: Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Research Funding; Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Genentech, Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics LLC, an Abbvie Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene Corporation: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbott Laboratories: Consultancy, Research Funding. Langerak: Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Research Funding; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd/Genentech, Inc.: Research Funding; Erasmus MS, University Medical Center: Current Employment. Owen: Incyte: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Merck: Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria, Research Funding; Servier: Honoraria; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria. Dubois: Abbvie: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding. Mellink: Cytogenetic Field: Consultancy; Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, AUMC: Current Employment; Financial support related to microarray analysis of Murano samples: Research Funding. Van Der Kevie-Kersemaekers: Amsterdam University Medical Centers: Current Employment. Dunbar: AbbVie: Current Employment. Jiang: Genentech, Inc./F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current Employment; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Chyla: AbbVie: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Boyer: Roche: Current Employment. Thadani-Mulero: Roche: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Lefebure: Roche: Current Employment; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Harrup: AstraZeneca: Other: Advisory board. Kater: Genmab, LAVA: Other: Ad Board, Steering Committee; BMS, Roche/Genentech: Other: Ad Board, , Research Funding; Janssen, AstraZeneca: Other: Ad Board, steering committee, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Other: Ad Board, Research Funding.
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DIACHYNSKA, Olena. "FEATURES OF GREEN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN VINNYTSIA REGION." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 3 (43) (June 8, 2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-3-4.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the dynamics of the number of tourists in Vinnytsia region. After analyzing the statistics of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the Main Department of Statistics in Vinnytsia Region for 2004-2017, it has been shown that the number of Vinnytsia residents who traveled abroad in 2017 compared to 2004 increased by 14.6 times, and the number of domestic tourists decreased three times. The main reasons for the decline of domestic tourists are the financial crisis of 2007-2009, the Revolution of the Maidan in 2013-2014, terrorist acts and political and economic instability in Ukraine, aswell as the sharp increase in utilities bills in Ukraine. It is shown that the correlation between the number of tourists in Vinnytsia region, moving abroad (variable ) and income of the family (variabl ). For the data for 2004-2017, it can be described by a nonlinear model: For such a non-linear correlation, the correlation coefficient , means that when increasing family income by 1% compared with 2017, the number of tourists traveling abroad would increase by about 0, 735%. Green tourism is one of the factors of improvement of tourism industry in the region, rise of economic and social level of living in rural areas, in particular, creating new jobs, increasing incomes, preserving and enriching the cultural heritage, and advance in the infrastructure of the village. By the integral indicator of the development of rural green tourism that changes within the limits , ranking and grouping of the regions of Ukraine has been carried out according to three levels of development: high level ( , type of region's leaders), average level ( , region type average) and low level ( , type of region outsiders). According to the integral indicator of green tourism development in Vinnytsia region , it is classified as an average. Proposals for improvement of indicators of green tourism development in our region: 1) development of partnership relations between local self-government bodies, non-governmental organizations and agricultural enterprises; 2) formation of potential and stimulation of actual demand for rural tourism services; 3) development of innovative projects in the field of rural tourism development. Today, about 30 rural homesteads provide green tourism services. Of these, 2 farms have the third (the highest) category of the categorization system of the village bed base "Ukrainian hospitality estate" and 7 estates have a basic category. Four of the farmsteads of the Yampil district include: "The Magic Corner", "The Manor at Svetlana", "The Art Ladder", "The Ruffle" and one of the manor houses of Mohyliv-Podilsky: "The Comfort," are among the 100 best farmsteads of green tourism in Ukraine. A cozy rest in the picturesque Busha can be combined with the acquaintance wiht the two historical and cultural reserves "Historical Busha" and the geological "Haydamak Yar", were the history of Trypillian culture is presented. There workshops on oil painting, pysanka painting and manufacturing of motanka-dolls are offered. In order to improve the development of green tourism in Vinnitsa region it is necessary: - to use the experience of European countries in organizing green tourism; - to conduct scientific research on development of green tourism; - to develop innovative projects in the field of green tourism development; - to stimulate demand for green tourism services; - to develop partnership relations between owners of homesteads and authorities; - to improve the quality of services; - to improve transport links and the quality of roads.