Academic literature on the topic 'Main – Modèles mathématiques – Dissertation universitaire'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Main – Modèles mathématiques – Dissertation universitaire":
Loisel, François. "Analyse cinématique et biomécanique de la main et du poignet par modélisation personnalisée. Effet de lésions et d’instrumentations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023HESAE097.
The architecture of the hand and wrist is a complex set of articulations enabling the efficient execution of all the gestures of daily life.Precision of movement and transmission of effector forces require optimal joint congruence and bone cohesion ensured by an organized ligament system.Any trauma resulting in articular step off (fracture) or loss of bone cohesion (ligament rupture) is likely to produce pathological kinematics within these joints. The result is pain, decrease range of motion and impaired overall function. Knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to these disorders is essential on several levels: firstly, in a diagnostic context, to be able to identify and treat any injury, even a partial one. Secondly, to improve overall knowledge of the physiological and pathological kinematics of the hand and wrist. And lastly, as part of an innovation drive to propose new solutions (implants) to unresolved problems.The design of customized geometric and biomechanical models in the general context of the study of human joints provides answers to these types of questions. In preliminary work, linked to my Master's research and Stan Durand's thesis, biomechanical tests were carried out on anatomical parts to analyze the effect of a specific implant on the kinematic behavior of the wrist, and to design a method for personalized modeling of the hand and wrist using low-dose biplane X-rays.Following on from this project, this thesis has several objectives.The first objective is to validate our method of personalized hand and wrist modeling in living subjects, by comparing it with the reference technique of TDM segmentation.Secondly, we will apply this method to create a corridor of physiological displacement of certain carpal bones of interest (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum), between two reference positions (wrist in neutral position or closed fist) among a population of volunteers free of ligament lesions. This corridor of normality is useful for comparing physiological and pathological displacements in clinical practice.Indeed, the third objective is to compare carpal kinematic data from patients with infra-radiological ligament lesions with this corridor of normality. The aim is to assess the diagnostic capabilities of the customized model. By analyzing pre- and post-operative data, a feasibility study will also investigate the field of objective follow-up of surgical restoration by suture or ligament re-anchoring.The aim of such a study is therefore to use geometric, kinematic and biomechanical models of the hand and wrist to assess normal and pathological kinematics (diagnosis), and to analyze current surgical implants in order to propose areas for improvement
Briki, Amani. "Production de succinate par Corynebacterium glutamicum en microaérobiose : approches expérimentales et numériques, de l’échelle métabolique au bioréacteur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0082.
Succinate is a diacid used nowadays as a building block in the synthesis of various molecules of interest. It is mostly produced by chemical synthesis. A part of succinate is industrially produced using a microbiological process. Corynebacterium glutamicum, a well-known industrial producer of amino acids, is able to produce organic acids, in particular succinate, under micro-aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The aim of this work was thus to understand the physiological response of C. glutamicum 2262 to change in oxygen supply conditions. Both experimental and numerical tools have been implemented. The first step was to identify, experimentally, the parameters influencing the physiological response of C. glutamicum 2262 during batch and continuous cultures. This approach allowed to identify oxygenation level and residual glucose concentration as key parameters for organic acids production. The ratio OUR/GUR was also defined as a relevant indicator of the physiological state of C. glutamicum 2262. It was observed that organic acids were simultaneously produced during micro-aerobic phase corresponding to ratio below 1, whereas, above this value, a maximal growth was obtained. The maximal succinate production was obtained at the lower oxygenation level. Moreover, a re-consumption of the produced succinate was also observed when a threshold residual concentration of glucose was reached. Considering the influence of these two key parameters, a highly performant fed-batch process for the succinate production using a wild-type strain of C. glutamicum was defined. Then, a kinetic model was developed. This primary model was then generalized by integrating a correlation between kinetic parameters of model and oxygenation level. The results of both primary and generalized model simulation, showed an excellent agreement with the experimental data. The generalized model was then successfully transposed to a C. glutamicum mutant strain. In addition, a simplified metabolic model for C. glutamicum 2262 was constructed to understand the metabolic response of this bacterium in micro-aerobiosis. Both predicted production fluxes of lactate in microaerobiosis and of biomass synthesis during aerobiosis phase, under stationary conditions, agreed with the experimental data. This metabolic model was also able to predict, under dynamic conditions, the concentration profiles of the succinate during highly limited oxygen supply conditions
Champon, Isabelle. "Compréhension et modélisation des mécanismes de désactivation d’un catalyseur de méthanation de CO2 au sein d’un réacteur-échangeur milli-structuré à lit fixe." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF045.
Power-to-SNG aims at storing the renewable electric surplus as SNG (Substitute Natural Gas) via the CO2 methanation reaction with a solid catalyst. For the purpose of the SNG direct injection into the gas network, high conversion rates are needed. Nevertheless, over time, the catalyst deactivates and the SNG may no longer meet the gas network injection specifications. In this work, a methodology is developed to understand the main deactivation mechanisms of a commercial catalyst (Ni/Al2O3) in a milli-structured fixed-bed reactor-heat exchanger in order to model them. Deactivation is dealt with at different experimental scales. A kinetic model and deactivation laws are identified and subsequently implemented in an already existing multi-scale reactor model. Finally, the simulation results are compared with experimental deactivation results obtained at the scale of the milli-structured reactor
Guyot, Pauline. "Modélisation et analyse du signal électrocardiographique pour l'étude du système cardio-respiratoire. Application au syndrome d'apnées du sommeil." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0134.
The heart is at the center of the cardiorespiratory system and the electrocardiogram is one of the most standard medical exam to monitor it along with echocardiography. Electrocardiogram analysis is complex due to the various cardiac pathologies and the emergence of new measurement technologies allows the acquisition of longer but also noisier signals taken in a daily life context. Noise and the huge amount of processed data impose the development of more accurate and robust analytical methods. This thesis aims at developing a new modeling method of cardiac waves using a dictionary composed of skew normal distribution. It fully characterizes each wave (P, Q, R, S and T) through a small number of parameters. This modeling also permits the precise computation of the different classical intervals used in electrocardiography but also the classification of each beat to provide an accelerated reading of long signals and a diagnostic assistance. Finally, those analytical tools are used on two different subjects: the creation of an electrocardiogram simulator as part of the Hopital Virtuel de Lorraine project ; and the detection of sleep apnea syndrom on electrocardiogram signals and more particularly the Cheyne-Stokes respiration, a nocturnal respiratory pathology still not understood, primarily impacting patients with severe heart failure. The method is based on the extraction of signals correlated to respiration from the electrocardiogram signal and allows to graduate different levels of the Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Fahs, Amin. "Modeling of naturel convection in porous media : development of semi-analytical and spectral numerical solutions of heat transfer problem in special domains." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2021. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2021/Fahs_Amin_2021_ED269.pdf.
The problem of the porous square cavity is extensively used as a common benchmark case for Natural convection (NC) problem in porous media. It can be used for several numerical, theoretical, and practical purposes. All the existing high accurate solutions are developed under steady-state conditions. However, it is well known that the processes of NC in porous media occurs naturally in a time-dependent procedure, as boundary conditions can be variable in time. Also, the convergence of the steady-state solution is known to be difficult. To overcome this difficulty, the steady-state solution is often simulated as a transient solution that evolves until reaching the steady-state condition. These time-dependent modes are very efficient to detect the effects of the parameter variations on the physical process of NC, especially for the subject of interest in this thesis: the domain inclination level and hot wall temperature variation in time. For this purpose, three goals are identified in this Thesis: 1. Developing a time-dependent solution of natural convection in porous media using the Darcy model in two modes: Transient and unsteady. 2. Investigating the time-dependent behavior of natural convection in porous media having the domain inclination level as a variable parameter in two modes: Transient and unsteady. 3. Developing a time-dependent solution of natural convection in porous media using the Darcy-Lapwood-Brinkman model in two modes: Transient and unsteady. To do so, according to the high accuracy in the simply connected domains, one of the Galerkin spectral weighted residual method is chosen to develop a space-time dependent solution for NC problem in a square porous cavity. Applying the Fourier-Galerkin (FG) procedure, two configurations dealing with transient and unsteady regimes are considered where each solution is derived for a wide range of Rayleigh numbers with other special conditions. This work of thesis is explained in details as five chapters.The NC physical process with the time-dependent variations is described in the transient mode to reach the steady-state solution and for the unsteady mode during a one period using periodic sinusoidal boundary conditions on the cavity hot wall. Finally, the work of this thesis is described in details in five chapters; while the sixth and last chapter is devoted to the summary and conclusion.The results in this thesis work provide a set of high-accurate data that are published in three papers to be used for testing numerical codes of heat transfer in time-dependent configurations