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Claessen, H. J. M., Patrick Vinton Kirch, H. J. M. Claessen, Jarich O. Oosten, H. J. Duller, P. W. Preston, H. J. Duller, et al. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 142, no. 1 (1986): 145–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003373.
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- G.J. Abbink, Serena Nanda, Cultural anthropology, Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company (second edition), 1985, 398 pp. - H.J.M. Claessen, Patrick Vinton Kirch, The evolution of the Polynesian Chiefdoms, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge etc. Series: New Studies in Archaeology, edited by Colin Renfrew and Jeremy Sabloff, 1984. 314 pp., index, glossary, bibliography, maps, and figures. - H.J.M. Claessen, Jarich O. Oosten, The war of the gods. The social code in Indo-European myths, London etc.: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985. 175 pp., bibl., figs. - H.J. Duller, P.W. Preston, New trends in development theory. Essays in development and social theory, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1985, 200 pages. - H.J. Duller, M. Stiefel, Production, equality and participation in rural China, UNRISD, Geneva & Red Press, London, 1983, 172 pp., W.F. Wertheim (eds.) - M. Grijns, Kirsten Hastrup, Basisboek culturele antropologie. Bewerkt door Yme Kuiper & Nellejet Zorgdrager. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff, 1983, 353 pp., Jan Ovesen (eds.) - Simon Kooijman, Jelle Miedema, De kabar 1855-1980. Sociale structuur en religie in de Vogelkop van West-Nieuw-Guinea. Dissertatie Katholieke Universiteit van Nijmegan, Dordrecht 1984: ICG printing BV. Gelijktijdig verschenen als Verhandelingen 105 van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Leiden, Dordrecht 1984: Foris publications. - Adam Kuper, R.H. Barnes, Two crows denies it: A history of controversy in Omaha sociology, Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska press, 1984. - C.L.J. van der Meer, Steven Piker, A peasant community in changing Thailand, Anthropological research papers, no. 30, Arizona State University, 1983. - J. Miedema, Mark S. Mosko, Quadripartite structures: Categories, relations, and homologies in Bush Mekeo culture, Cambridge: University Press, 1985, XIII + 298 pp. - David S. Moyer, Rodney Needham, Against the tranquility of Axioms, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1983, xi + 182 pp. - Anke Niehof, Imke Swart, Die Traditionellen Grundlagen der Erziehung im Zentralen Java, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1983. (130 pp.) - J.H.B. den Ouden, R.S. Khare, The untouchable as himself. Ideology, identity and pragmatism among the Lucknow Chamars, Cambridge studies in cultural systems, Cambridge University Press, 1984. - Rien Ploeg, James A. Boon, Other tribes, other scribes; symbolic anthropology in the comparitive study of cultures, histories, religions, and texts, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. xiv + 303 pp., appendixes. - Frank N. Pieke, Rubie S. Watson, Inequality among brothers: Class and kinship in South China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. xiii + 193 pp., 3 maps. - Rien Ploeg, Durk Hak, Watching the seaside. Essays on maritime anthropology. A. H. J. Prins; Festschrift on the occasion of his retirement from the Chair of Anthropology, University of Groningen, University of Groningen, 1984, 251 pp., ill., diagr., Ybeltje Kroes, Hans Schneymann (eds.) - Rien Ploeg, Ladislav Holy, Actions, norms and representations. Foundations of anthropological inquiry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. VIII + 134 pp., Milan Stuchlik (eds.) - Rien Ploeg, Nancy L. Hamblin, Animal use by the Cozumel Maya, Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press, 1984. 206 pp. - Ronald H. Poelmeijer, Lilly Eversdijk Smulders, Een jaar bij de yogiýs van India en Tibet, Deventer 1983. - Ype H. Poortinga, Dean Peabody, National characteristics, Cambridge/Paris: Camnbridge University Press/Editions de la Maison des Sciences de lýHomme, 1985. - Karen Portier, Khin Thitsa, Nuns, mediums and prostitutes in Chiengmai: A study of some marginal categories of women (41 pp.). - Karen Portier, Signe Howell, Chewong women in transition: The effects of monetization on a hunter-gatherer society in Malaysia (34 pp.). - Karen Portier, Maila Stivens, Sexual politics in Rembau: Female autonomy, matriliny and agrarian change in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia (50 pp.) - R. de Ridder, Dennis Tedlock, The spoken word and the work of interpretation, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983. ix + 365 pp., 8 ill. - R. de Ridder, Dennis Tedlock, Popol Vuh, The definitive edition of the Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life and the Glories of Gods and Kings, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985. 380 pp., 32 ill. - G. van Roon, Dietmar Rothermund, Die Peripherie in der Weltwirtschaftskrise: Afrika, Asien und Lateinamerika 1929-1939, Paderborn: Ferdinand Schýningh, 1983, 295 pp. - Thilo C. Schadeberg, Gýnter Dabitz, Geschichte der erforschung der Nuba-Berge, Arbeiten aus dem Seminar fýr Výlkerkunde der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitýt Frankfurt am Main, Band 17, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1985. 280 pp., maps, tables, illus. - L. van Vroonhoven, Ger van Roon, Derde Wereld in depressie, Leiden: Nijhoff, 1985, 139 p. - Wim van Zanten, Nigel Phillips, Sijobang, sung narrative poetry of West Sumatra, Cambridge Studies in Oral and Literate Culture, no. 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. xi + 255 pp., photos, texts and translations, short glossary of Minangkabau words, Bibliography, index.
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Martinez, Gilbert A., and Fritz W. Krieger. "1984 Milk-Feeding Patterns in the United States." Pediatrics 76, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 1004–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.76.6.1004.
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This paper presents results of surveys conducted continuously during a period of years to assess the trend in the incidence of breast-feeding. From 1955 to 1984, questionnaires were mailed to a large nationally representative sample of mothers to determine the use of various milks for feeding infants during the first 6 months of life. Data from these surveys demonstrated the resurgence of breast-feeding both in incidence and duration through 1982. From 1982 through 1984, these increases continued but at a markedly reduced level.
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NEILSEN, G. H., and E. J. HOGUE. "EFFECT OF ORCHARD SOIL MANAGEMENT ON THE GROWTH AND LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF YOUNG DWARF RED DELICIOUS APPLE TREES." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-034.
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Bisbee Delicious apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) on Mailing 26 rootstock, planted in 1979 on an Osoyoos loamy sand were subjected, commencing in 1981, to five different orchard soil management treatments including full ground cover, early season vegetation control, total vegetation control, black plastic mulching and shallow tillage. All ground cover suppression treatments decreased leaf K and increased leaf Mg, leaf N and yield. With the exception of early season vegetation control, all ground cover suppression treatments decreased leaf P although P was adequate for initial growth. Declines in soil solution Ca, Mg, and K concentration, 1980–1983, were observed regardless of soil management method. Key words: Apples, M.26 rootstock, leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, fruit yield
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Costante, J. F., W. F. Mai, J. Aleong, and R. M. Klein. "Effects of Apple Rootstocks and Nematicides on Pratylenchus penetrans Populations and Apple Tree Growth." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, no. 3 (May 1987): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.3.441.
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Abstract ‘Rogers Red McIntosh’ (Malus domestica Borkh.) on Mailing Merton (MM)111, MM 106, Mailing (M) 26 and M 7a were planted within an old apple orchard site. The trees were trickle-irrigated and the sandy soil was treated with the nematicides Telone (C-17), Vorlex, or Nemacur 3. In 1984, data were collected from trees excavated at 50, 100, and 156 days after planting and from permanent trees in 1985 from plots treated with nematicides prior to planting. The numbers of Pratylenchus penetrans [(Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven] in soil and rootstocks from nematicide treatments and controls were well below reported damage levels and not considered a problem on this test site. M 111 and MM 106 roots and ‘McIntosh’ scion growth were superior to M 26 and M 7a counterparts regardless of soil treatment in 1984, while only the scions on MM 111 were larger than those on M 26 in 1985. ‘McIntosh’ scions grew 36% larger on Telone C-17-treated soil and 19% larger on Vorlex-treated soil than on untreated soil. Leaf and soil analyses showed no interaction with rootstocks and minor differences between soil treatments in both years. A soil replant bioassay revealed disease factor(s), including P. penetrans, present in untreated soil.
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Fallahi, Esmaeil, Daryl G. Richardson, and Melvin N. Westwood. "Influence of Rootstocks and Fertilizers on Ethylene in Apple Fruit during Maturation and Storage." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 110, no. 2 (March 1985): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.110.2.149.
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Abstract Internal ethylene of attached fruit of ‘Starkspur Golden Delicious’ apple as influenced by 6 rootstocks: Seedling, Mailing (M1) 1, Mailing Merton 106 (MM 106), M 7, OAR 1, M 26, at 2 levels each of soil-applied K and N were measured during maturation for 2 years (1980 and 1981). Ethylene evolution of detached fruit as a result of these treatments also was measured after 2.5 months of storage at 0°C in 1981. Internal ethylene in the attached fruit was less than 0.1 μl·liter-1 in late September and early October and began to rise between 9 Oct. and 15 Oct. Internal ethylene increased in all treatments, almost at the same time in 1980. In 1981, ethylene in the fruit on OAR 1 began to increase 9 days later than in the other rootstocks. However, levels of ethylene in the fruit were relatively low on OAR 1 and high on M 26 as compared to those on other rootstocks in late October 1980 and 1981 and during poststorage 1981 samplings. Ethylene levels in fruit from other rootstocks were similar. Because of these variable effects of rootstocks, and the effects of a low field temperature in reducing internal ethylene levels, field sampling of internal ethylene levels was an unreliable indicator of the proper harvest time, as measured by other maturity indices. No consistent influence of K or N applications was found in the internal ethylene of the attached fruit; however, high N applications increased ethylene evolution after storage.
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Martin, RJ, MG McMillan, and JB Cook. "Survey of farm management practices of the northern wheat belt of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 4 (1988): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880499.
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A survey of management practices on wheat farms in northern New South Wales was carried out on 50 farms between 1983 and 1985 and was supplemented by a questionnaire mailed to 750 growers in 1985. Information was collected on crop rotation, tillage practice, fertiliser use and weed control practices. Data were collected from 1 paddock on each farm and included: wheat grain yield and quality, available soil water and nutrients at sowing, wild oat density, and incidence of soil-borne diseases. The 3-year average grain yield in survey paddocks was 2.2 t/ha. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting grain yield and protein in 1985. Of the variation in wheat grain yield, 74% was explained by variation in available soil water at sowing, available soil nitrate at sowing, sowing date and wild oat density. Grain protein content declined with increasing available soil water and phosphate at sowing and with earlier sowing, but increased with available nitrate at sowing. Agronomic practices aimed at maximising wheat grain yield, in the presence of a deficiency ofavailable soil nitrate, are likely to result in a reduction of grain protein content. Likewise, responses to application of nitrogenous fertiliser are likely to be inversely related to available soil water at sowing. The mean gross margin for 1984 and 1985, based on $100/t of wheat grain, was $128. The mean gross margin for the least profitable 20% of paddocks was $37, and $253 for the top 20%. New varieties of wheat and herbicides were readily adopted by farmers. On the other hand, adoption of nitrogenous fertiliser use was slow, considering the widespread and long-standing deficiencies of nitrogen in cropping soils of the region. Crop rotation and tillage practices have changed only marginally since the late 1940s. The results of this survey indicate that the usefulness of soil testing for predicting fertiliser requirements could be improved by taking into account levels of available soil water, weed competition and sowing date and by using multiple regression analysis.
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Goldbeck, R. "Can a card mailing system help to reduce the waiting list at an alcohol problems clinic?" Psychiatric Bulletin 17, no. 10 (October 1993): 597–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.17.10.597.
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Non-attendance at new patient clinics is a well-known problem in psychiatry and particularly common in alcohol treatment units. Reported non-attendance rates in this field range from 12.3% (Addenbrooke & Rathod, 1990) to 52% (Wanberg & Jones, 1973). A number of factors may contribute to this failure to attend including a long waiting time, lack of consent to the referral (e.g. by the GP), postal and administrative problems and the nature of the disorder itself. Hyslop & Kershaw (1981) contacted patients who failed to attend an alcoholism referral clinic in an attempt to establish their reasons for non-attendance. Out of the 39 patients contacted 23 appeared to have good reasons for not attending while 16 gave poor reasons and refused the offer of a second appointment. Ways of increasing attendance at new patient clinics have included reduction of waiting time (Hyslop & Kershaw, 1981) and telephone and written prompts prior to the appointment (Bourgoyne et al, 1983; Grover et al, 1983).
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Fallahi, Esmaeil, D. G. Richardson, and Melvin N. Westwood. "Quality of Apple Fruit from a High Density Orchard as Influenced by Rootstocks, Fertilizers, Maturity, and Storage." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 110, no. 1 (January 1985): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.110.1.71.
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Abstract Fruit quality of ‘Starkspur Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) on 6 rootstocks [Seedling, Mailing (M) 1, M ailing Merton (MM) 106, M 7, OAR 1, M 26] grown in a high density orchard at 2 levels each of K and N was studied at 3 harvest dates and after 6 months of 0°C storage from 1980 to 1982. Fruit on OAR 1 rootstock had greater soluble solids, more yellow color at harvest and after storage and were relatively firmer at harvest, but were smaller than those from other rootstocks. Fruit on M 7 had lower soluble solids than most of the other rootstocks at harvest time. Fruit from MM 106 had a lower incidence of breakdown in storage than most others. Crop load influenced both harvest and storage quality. Fruit on M 26, which had a light crop in 1981, were larger, yellower, and had higher soluble solids, and also had more storage breakdown (about 20%) and bitterpit (about 12%) than other rootstocks. Rootstocks or fertilizers did not affect fruit respiration. Little effect of K fertilizer was found on any quality indices, whereas high N treatments produced greener fruit than did low N.
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Malone, Charles F., and Ida B. Robinson. "Survey Of Business Graduates: The Where And Why Of Job Selection." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 2, no. 3 (November 1, 2011): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v2i3.6570.
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What are business school graduates looking for in their first job? Are there differences between men and women in the relative importance of factors affecting the choice of an initial position? These questions should be of considerable importance to employers seeking to recruit recent business graduates.To assess the relative importance of various factors on the selection of an initial job, questionnaires were mailed to all 1982 through 1984 accounting graduates of an AACSB accredited undergraduate business program. Sixteen factors were listed on the survey instrument and participants rated these factors on a scale ranging from not important to very important. Respondents were also requested to rank their top three factors.
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Hoffman, Sanford R., Raffi M. Dersarkissian, Steven H. Buck, Gerald D. Stinziano, and Germaine M. Buck. "Sinus Disease and Surgical Treatment: A Results Oriented Quality Assurance Study." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 100, no. 6 (June 1989): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988910000609.
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The efficacy of sinus surgery continues to be an Issue of debate among otolaryngologists. In an attempt to address this controversy, a case-series study design was used to assess the perceived efficacy of sinus surgery in terms of the alleviation of sinus symptoms and overall health benefit. Self-administered questionnaires were mailed to 142 Individuals who had sinus surgery performed between January 1984, and December 1985. After one follow-up attempt, 114 questionnaires were completed and returned (80% response). Overall, a high percentage of cases reported postoperative Improvement in breathing difficulties (90%), nasal congestion (88%). headache/facial pain (85%). recurrent sinus Infections (83%), and postnasal drip (80%). In addition. 88% of cases reported the surgery to be of some overall health benefit. These results suggest that sinus surgery, as perceived by surgically treated Individuals, may be effective in the management of chronic sinus disease.
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Schedlbauer, Lewis M., and Kenneth A. Pass. "Cellulose Acetate/Citrate Agar Electrophoresis of Filter Paper Hemolysates From Heel Stick." Pediatrics 83, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.83.5.839.
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In 1965, New York State Public Health Law 2500-a was enacted, mandating the screening of all newborns for phenylketonuria. The law was amended in 1974 to include testing for six other conditions, one of which is homozygous sickle cell disease. Originally, all screening was done in four semiautonomous laboratories located in Erie County (Buffalo), Onondaga County (Syracuse), New York City, and Albany County (Albany). These laboratories were set up to receive, test, and report results of all specimens in their respective regions of the state. Between 1981 and 1985, all screening was centralized at the Wadsworth Laboratories of the New York State Health Department in Albany, where in 1986 the newborn screening laboratory tested more than 288,000 specimens. Hemoglobin is screened with the two-tier procedure of Garrick et al: alkaline electrophoresis on cellulose acetate followed by acid electrophoresis on citrate agar. METHODS/PROCEDURES The average daily volume of the New York State Newborn Screening Program is 1,200 specimens, but the number of specimens can range from 800 to 3,000 per day. Specimens are collected from infant blood obtained by heel stick on Schleicher and Schuell 903 filter paper. Medical personnel are advised to collect the specimen when the infant is three to five days of age and before any planned transfusion is administered. The specimens are air dried and mailed to the laboratory within 24 hours of collection. When received in the laboratory accessioning unit, the specimens are examined to determine their suitability for testing. Specimens are screened for sickle hemoglobin only if there is sufficient blood on the filter paper and the date of collection to date of laboratory receipt is less than 14 day.
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Joppolo, Giovanni. "Lucio Fontana, le Spatialisme, et les néo-avant-gardes en Italie autour de 1950." Studiolo 1, no. 1 (2002): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/studi.2002.1102.
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Lucio Fontana, der Spazialismo und die Neo-Avantgarde in Italien in den 1950 Jahren. Der Artikel setzt sich mit der Rekonstruktion der Geschichte des Spazialismo auseinander und mit der zentralen Rolle, die der italo-argentinische Künstler Lucio Fontana einnahm, der diese Bewegung zwischen Buenos Aires und Mailand gründete. Der hier gewählte methodische Ansatz berücksichtigt die neueren Beiträge der Historiographie, die Lucio Fontana und den italienischen Neo-Avantgardisten der Nachkriegszeit gewidmet sind. Es wird ein chronologischer Index der Manifeste und der programmatischen Texte der Bewegung des Spazialismo beigefügt, der die Jahre 1946-1958 umfaßt.
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NEILSEN, G. H., E. J. HOGUE, and B. G. DROUGHT. "THE EFFECT OF ORCHARD SOIL MANAGEMENT ON SOIL TEMPERATURE AND APPLE TREE NUTRITION." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-069.
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Soil temperature was measured from 1981 to 1985 at 0.2- and 1.0-m depths for four soil management treatments which included full ground cover, total vegetation control, shallow tillage and black plastic mulching in a high-density orchard planted to Bisbee Red Delicious (Malus domestica Borkh.) on Mailing 26 rootstock. Ground cover suppression treatments, especially black plastic mulching, increased degree day accumulations above 10 °C in all 5 yr at 0.2-m and in 3 yr at 1.0-m depths relative to full ground cover. However, these treatments also resulted in more extreme temperature fluctuations as characterized by higher summer maximum and lower winter minimum temperatures under black plastic mulching. Despite a potential for more extreme soil temperatures, apple yield was significantly higher under black plastic relative to full ground cover. For these two contrasting temperature treatments, leaf N and Mg concentrations were usually significantly higher under black plastic while leaf P and K were consistently higher and leaf Ca and Zn were occasionally higher under full ground cover. Most of these differences were, with the possible exception of leaf Zn, attributed to the competition for, or recycling of, nutrients by orchard floor vegetation. Mean monthly soil temperatures at the two depths under the four soil management treatments could be predicted by simple linear regression techniques from soil temperature measurements at the Summerland Research Station Meteorological Recording Site. Key words: Bisbee Delicious apples, degree days, ground cover, suppression, black plastic mulching, leaf nutrition
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Green, S. "A note on amino acid digestibility measured in pigs with pre-or post-valve ileo-rectal anastomoses, fed soya-bean, pea and meat meals." Animal Science 47, no. 2 (October 1988): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100003421.
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It is known that microbial activity in the hind-gut of pigs influences the amino acid composition of faeces (Mason, 1984), yet contributes little to protein nutrition (Just, Jørgensen and Fernández, 1985). This diminishes the extent to which amino acid digestibility determined by faecal collection from intact pigs adequately represents nutritional value. In order to minimize the interference of hind-gut microflora, pigs for digestibility trials have been surgically modified to create a by-pass of the large intestine by ileo-rectal anastomosis (e.g. Green, Bertrand, Duron and Maillard, 1987 and 1988). This involves transection of the ileum approximately 100 mm anterior to the ileo/caecal valve. The modification can be considered as an alternative to collecting digesta from cannulas fitted in the ileum. The attributes of ileo-rectal anastomosis are that all digesta, rather than spot samples, can be collected and the animals remain in good health for many months of trial work. There is, however, concern that because the anastomosis operation involves complete severance of the ileum, digestion in the ileum may be abnormal. Of particular concern is the by-pass of the ileo-caecal valve which is suspected to have a restraining rôle on digesta passage (Gazet and Kopp, 1964; Laplace and Borgida, 1976), and therefore a possible influence on digestibility. When using ileo-caecal valve, by fitting the anterior digesta, other workers have attempted to preserve a complete ileum, and functional ileo-caecal value, by fitting the anterior cannula immediately posterior to the valve (Laplace, 1986)
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Lee, B. Craig. "Infectious Diseases Training in Canada: One Size Does Not Fit All." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 12, no. 2 (2001): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/938156.
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PURPOSE:To evaluate training in infectious diseases, determining which components of the training program best prepare residents for their career choices and where improvements are needed.METHOD:A cross-sectional survey was mailed to all 14 physicians who had graduated from both the Adult and Paediatric Infectious Diseases Training Program at the University of Calgary from 1985 to 1998. Responses about the adequacy of training were measured using a Likert-type scale and a qualitative questionnaire.RESULTS:Of 14 mailed questionnaires, nine responses were received (64%). Two-thirds of respondents were in an academic setting, and seven (78%) graduates obtained postfellowship training. The specialists in academic settings were all engaged in multiple nonclinical activities. The clinical and diagnostic microbiological components of training received the highest scores in terms of adequacy of training.CONCLUSION:Graduates of the University of Calgary training program indicated an overall satisfaction with their training. However, improvements are needed in career counselling, health administration, antibiotic utilization, infection prevention and specialized outpatient clinics. Potential strategies for addressing these issues include didactic lectures, enhanced exposure to clinical outpatient settings and provision of designated faculty mentors.
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ABRAMS, RICHARD. "To the Editor." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 7 (October 2002): 1321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702226227.
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The report of Prudic and colleagues (2001, 31, pp. 929–934) on the results of a mailed questionnaire survey of ECT practices at a sample of New York City Metropolitan area hospitals is in the best tradition of professional self-evaluation, as exemplified by the influential survey conducted by Pippard & Ellam (1981) in the United Kingdom.
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Relf, Diane, Ellen Silva, and Virginia Nathan. "A Consumer Horticulture Computer Network for Extension Agents." HortTechnology 2, no. 2 (April 1992): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.2.251.
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In 1985 an extension consumer horticulture computer information system (HORT) was initiated on the Virginia Tech mainframe computer to mitigate the demands on agents' time while providing monthly professional updates and accurate, timely information for use in their local programs. Agents access the information through their office microcomputers, which are linked to the Virginia Tech mainframe computer. Agents can transfer the needed information onto a diskette for reference, immediate use, or further editing or print a hard copy on campus to be mailed to them. Slide sets or videotapes can be ordered from the Virginia Tech Learning Resource Center (LRC) on this system. The monthly releases are available at no charge to anyone in the land-grant system with a BITNET or Internet user identification number.
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Borysowa, Olga, and Denys Rudnik. "DIE ENTWICKLUNG DER IDEE „DES GERECHTEN KRIEGES“ IN DEN WERKEN DER MITTELALTERLICHEN CHRISTLICHEN DENKER." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 51, no. 2 (June 14, 2022): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/5125.
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In diesem Artikel, der auf die Analyse von mittelalterlichen christlichen Denkern basiert, werden die Grundlagen der christlichen Doktrin des „gerechten Krieges“ untersucht. Sie entstand im Mittelalter und blieb zum Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzil (1962–1965) ohne wesentlichen Änderungen. Aktualität besteht darin, dass derzeit viele bewaffnete Konflikte die religiösen Konnotationen haben, was auch für den modernen ukrainisch-russischen Krieg gilt, der unter der Devise der Ideologie von russischer Welt geführt wird. Solche Weihen von Kriegen und bewaffneten Konflikten durch religiöse Organisationen rufen die politischen und rechtlichen Konzepte hervor, die, man sollte glauben, in Vergessenheit geraten sind, aber in unser Zeit den neuen Inhalt erhalten. Der Hauptteil des Artikels zeigt, dass der Begriff „gerechter Krieg“ trotz in Antike entstand, die Architekten des Doktrin waren die mittelalterlichen christlichen Autoren – Ambrosius von Mailand, Aurelius Augustinus, Thomas von Aquin, Francisco de Vitoria. Im Artikel werden im Detail die Arbeit dieser Autoren im Bereich der Entwicklung der Doktrin untersucht, es wird betont, dass der Begriff „Doktrin“ der Teil des schöpferischen Erbe von Thomas von Aquin ist. Diese Doktrin ist die Grundlage der katholischen Kriegslehre, die viele Jahrhunderte unverändert bestand, geworden.
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Porretta, David L., Paul R. Surburg, and Paul Jansma. "Perceptions of Adapted Physical Education Graduates From Selected Universities on Attainment of Doctoral Competencies." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 19, no. 4 (October 2002): 420–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.19.4.420.
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Graduates from four adapted physical education doctoral programs (1980-1999) within the United States were surveyed to determine their perceptions on the extent to which they attained published competencies in the areas of research and adapted physical education. A survey was mailed to 109 doctoral program graduates. A total of 99 surveys (91%) were usable for data analysis. Competency data were analyzed separately across two 10-year time periods (1980-1989; 1990-1999). Respondents’ perceptions improved significantly in cumulative research competency scores from the first to the second time period. Responses for adapted physical education competencies were similar across both time periods. Follow-up analyses on responses for each of the separate 18 research and 20 adapted physical education competency statements resulted in significant improvement from 1980-1989 to 1990-1999 for eight research competencies and one adapted physical education competency. Results have implications for the future of adapted physical education doctoral training in the United States and beyond.
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Porretta, David L., Francis M. Kozub, and Fabio L. Lisboa. "Documentary Analysis of Survey Research in Adapted Physical Activity: 1984-1998." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 17, no. 3 (July 2000): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.17.3.286.
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Articles related to adapted physical activity appearing in professional journals (1984-1998) were analyzed. Of the 111 articles reviewed, 30 (27%), 39 (35%), and 42 (38%) were published during the 1984-1988, 1989-1993, and 1994-1998 time periods, respectively. Two thirds of the studies concerned conditions/demographics/practices rather than attitudes. Only 34 (31%) surveys were mailed as opposed to other forms of delivery (e.g., face to face interviews, telephone, etc.). While validity and reliability reporting increased over the three time periods, in total, only 59 (53%) reported validity and 62 (56%) reported reliability. A sample frame was clearly identified in only 43 (39%) studies. Only 7 (6%) articles addressed nonresponse bias, a critical element in survey research design. Future investigators need to report validity and reliability, clearly define sample frames, and account for nonresponse bias.
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Costante, J. F., W. F. Mai, and R. M. Klein. "Effects of Rootstock and Soil Type on Pratylenchus penetrans Populations in Apple Feeder Roots." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 110, no. 1 (January 1985): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.110.1.38.
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Abstract Sixteen nonbearing new and replanted ‘McIntosh’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards were surveyed in August of 1983. Rootstock and soil type influenced the number of nematodes [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb 1917) Sher and Allen] found in feeder roots of the 12 two-year-old orchards (P = 0.007). Mailing Merton (MM) 111 roots in clay had fewer P. penetrans (12.4/g) than MM 106 roots in clay (42.2/g) or roots of MM 111 in loam (93.2/g). Nematode populations in feeder roots increased with soil depth down to 24 cm. P. penetrans populations were not influenced by soil pH, organic matter, drainage, root conditions, tree vigor, herbicide management, or replant status.
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Levy, Gary J., Ronald G. Strauss, Heather Hume, Lynn Schloz, Mark A. Albanese, Janice Blazina, Alice Werner, et al. "National Survey of Neonatal Transfusion Practices: I. Red Blood Cell Therapy." Pediatrics 91, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.91.3.523.
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Neonatal blood component transfusion practices during 1989 were surveyed via a questionnaire developed by the Pediatric Hemotherapy Committee of the American Association of Blood Banks. Of 1790 questionnaires mailed, 452 were selected to form the database for this analysis because they were from institutions in which neonates were transfused. Nearly all institutions contained intensive care units directed by neonatologists and were involved in the management of high-risk infants. Results from institutions serving as the primary pediatric teaching hospital of a medical school were compared with those with no medical school affiliation. Thirty-six percent of primary pediatric teaching hospitals and 52% of hospitals with no medical school affiliation performed pretransfusion testing in excess of that required, resulting in additional blood loss in neonates. Sixty-six percent of primary pediatric teaching hospitals used fresh frozen plasma to adjust the hematocrit of red blood cell concentrates prior to transfusion (a practice increasing donor exposure), compared with only 29% of hospitals with no medical school affiliation. The usual indication for small-volume red blood cell transfusions in severely ill neonates was to maintain a desired hematocrit level, whereas for stable infants, red blood cell transfusions were given to treat symptomatic anemia, rather than to maintain a predetermined hematocrit. As found in 1985, neonatal transfusion practices in 1989 were variable. However, improvements have occurred since 1985 to suggest that further research and educational efforts may serve to promote even better neonatal transfusion therapy.
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GUICHOT REINA, Emilio. "Transparencia y acceso a la información en las entidades locales vascas." Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria, no. 107-II (April 28, 2017): 555–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.107.2017.2.14.
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LABURPENA: Lanak informaziora iristeko sarbidearen eta gardentasunaren erregulazioa aztertu du EAEko tokiko entitateetan. Hainbat araudi multzori erreparatu beharra nabarmendu du: estatu mailakoa, Gardentasunari, informazio publikoa eskuratzeko bideari eta gobernu onari buruzko abenduaren 9ko 19/2013 Legeak eta Toki-araubidearen oinarriak arautzen dituen apirilaren 2ko 7/1985 Legeak eratutakoa. EAE mailakoa, Euskadiko Toki Erakundeei buruzko apirilaren 7ko 2/2016 Legeak eratutakoa; horri, aurreikuspenen arabera, EAEko Sektore Publikoaren Gardentasunaren, Herritarren Partaidetzaren eta Gobernu Onaren Legea ere gehituko zaio etorkizunean. Eta toki-mailakoa, EAEko toki-erakunde ugarik onartutako eta onartuko dituzten ordenantzek eratutakoa; estatu mailako eta erkidego mailako multzoak errespetatuz, kasuan kasuko entitaterako antolakuntza-alderdiak zehaztu ahal dituzte, eta oinarrizko estatu mailako araudian eta garapen autonomikokoan aurreikusitako betebehar zabaletatik harago joan daitezke. Azterlanean jokoan dauden zenbait alderdi aztertu dira: gardentasunaren zentzua, Konstituzioan aitortzea eta gardentasuneko estatu-legearen aurretik izan duen lege garapena tokiko eta estatuko legedi orokorrean, estatuko eta erkidego mailako legeak onartzea eta kasuan kasuko aplikazio eremua, baita toki-erakundeen erabakitze esparrua ere, Euskadiko Toki Erakundeei buruzko Legea eta Gardentasuneko EAEko legearen proiektuarekin egokitzea, derrigortasunak, mugak, publizitate aktiboa, publizitate pasiboa edo informazio publikora sarbidea izateko eskubidea, bermeak, eta, azkenik, gardentasun-Legeen eta zinegotziek udal-informaziora iristeko daukaten sarbidearen arteko harremana. RESUMEN: El trabajo analiza la regulación de la transparencia y el acceso a la información en las entidades locales vascas. Pone de relieve la necesidad de atender a varios bloques normativos: el estatal, constituido por la Ley 19/2013, de 9 de diciembre, de transparencia, acceso a la información pública y buen gobierno, por una parte, y a la Ley 7/1985, de 2 de abril, reguladora de las Bases del Régimen Local, por otra. El autonómico vasco, integrado por la Ley 2/2016, de 7 de abril, de Instituciones Locales de Euskadi (LILE) y a la que previsiblemente se unirá la futura Ley de Transparencia, participación ciudadana y buen gobierno del sector público vasco. Y el local, constituido por las Ordenanzas que han ido e irán aprobando no pocas entidades locales vascas, que, respetando los bloques normativos estatal y autonómicos pueden concretar para su respectiva entidad aspectos organizativos e ir más allá de las amplias obligaciones ya previstas en la normativa básica estatal y de desarrollo autonómico. En el estudio se analizan los diversos aspectos en juego: el sentido de la transparencia, su reconocimiento en la Constitución y su desarrollo legal anterior a la Ley estatal de transparencia en la legislación estatal general y local, la aprobación de las leyes estatal y autonómicas y su u respectivo ámbito de aplicación, así como el ámbito de decisión de las entidades locales, la nueva regulación en la LILE y las dudas de encaje con el Proyecto de Ley vasca de transparencia, los obligados, los límites, la pu blicidad activa, el derecho de acceso a la información pública o publicidad pasiva,las garantías y, finalmente, la relación de las Leyes de transparencia con elacceso por los concejales a la información municipal. ABSTRACT: This work analyzes the regulation of transparency and the access to information within the Basque local governments. It highlights the need to pay attention to several legal systems: that of the State, with Act 19/2013 of December 9th, on transparency, access to public information and good governance on one hand and that of the Act 7/1985 of April 2nd, governing the bases of the local regime on the other. The Basque autonomous system with Act 2/2016 of April 7th on Local Entities of Euskadi (LILE) and which predictably will also be integrated with the future Act on transparency, citizen participation and good governance within the Basque public sector. And the local, with the ordinances approved and yet to be enacted by not few Basque local entities which if they do not interfere in State and Autonomous systems can specify for its own entity organizational issues and go beyond the broad obligations established by the State basic regulation and that of autonomous development. In this study the different aspects at stake are studied: the meaning of transparency, the acknowledgement by the Constitution and its legal development previous to the State Act on Transparency by the State general and local legislation, the approval of the State and Autonomous acts and their respective scope of application, together with the decision-making scope of local entities, the new regulation by the LILE and the doubts of fitting with the Basque bill on transparency, the persons concerned, the limits, the active advertisement, the right of access to public information or passive advertising, the guarantees and finally the relationship between the Acts of transparency with the access of councilmen and councilwomen to the municipal information.
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Vojtecky, Michael A., and Emil Berkanovic. "The Evaluation of Health and Safety Training." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 5, no. 4 (January 1985): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/j9xa-h2a1-8l4v-jnd9.
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A national survey of individuals responsible for health and safety training at the workplace was conducted by self-administered mailed questionnaires in 1982–83. This analysis examines the responses to the questions on evaluation. Descriptive data on the extent to which health and safety training programs are being evaluated, the types of evaluation that are done, and the technical approaches used are presented. Results suggest that the majority of current training programs are being evaluated in some way, but also that a substantial portion of these evaluations are not rigorous and do not validly assess the extent to which training is effective.
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Graber, Kim C., Amelia Mays Woods, Chad M. Killian, K. Andrew R. Richards, and Jesse L. Rhoades. "My, How You Have Changed, PETE: An Updated Demographic Profile of U.S. Teacher Education Faculty." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 39, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2018-0311.
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Purpose: The landscape of physical education has shifted in the 30 years since Metzler and Freedman’s seminal study examining the demographics of physical education teacher education faculty. Changes in the structure of physical education and academia justify an updated investigation, with particular emphasis on the gender and institutional affiliation of faculty. Methods: An expanded and validated version of Metzler and Freedman’s survey was e-mailed to 908 physical education teacher education faculty from 505 U.S. institutions. A response rate of 46.21% was achieved. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to examine differences based on gender and institutional affiliation. Results: Gender salary disparities have decreased, whereas teaching experience and qualifications of faculty have increased. Corresponding increases in research productivity were notably evident. Discussion/Conclusion: Faculty members remain predominately European American, publication output has increased, more institutions are hiring nontenure-track faculty, and perceptions of support for physical education are lower than in 1985.
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Petersen, Paul, Virginia Roberts, Marie Loughlin, and Patricia Ludwig. "Research Education in Undergraduate Occupational Therapy Programs." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 12, no. 3 (May 1992): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944929201200301.
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A literature review revealed the importance of research for advancing occupational therapy as well as its validation. To comply with the 1983 American Occupational Therapy Association Essentials (AOTA, 1983) and to create an atmosphere of inquiry within the profession, it has been necessary to introduce research at the undergraduate level. This paper reports the results of a survey distributed to all accredited undergraduate occupational therapy educational programs in the United States. Its purpose was to determine the extent to which research is taught to undergraduates. Of the 63 surveys mailed, 38 were returned, yielding a 60.3% response rate. The study results indicated that despite some areas of consistent teaching, there was considerable variability in topics covered. The following topics were examined in this study: statistical background (prerequisites), research course content, assignments/outcomes of research courses, statistical software utilization, behavioral objectives for research, program recommendations, and deterrents to meeting these recommendations. The paper closes with an examination of the two AOTA Essentials related to the instruction of research and suggestions for revising the 1993 Essentials.
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Archbold, D. D., G. R. Brown, and P. L. Cornelius. "Rootstock and In-row Spacing Effects on Growth and Yield of Spur-type ‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, no. 2 (March 1987): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.2.219.
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Abstract The effects of in-row spacing (1.8, 3.0, and 4.3 m) and rootstock [seedling, Mailing Merton (MM) 111, MM 106, and Mailing (M) 7] on growth and yield of ‘Redspur Delicious’ (RS) and ‘Goldspur Golden Delicious’ (GS) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) were studied over 14 years. Close in-row spacing generally reduced annual yield per tree of all scion-stock combinations. However, increased estimated yields per hectare resulted from close tree spacings, which compensated for the reduced yield per tree. RS/MM 106 generally had greater yield per tree than the others and exhibited greatest precocity. RS/seedling initially exhibited the lowest production per tree, although it eventually performed well. Of GS combinations, GS/M 7 generally performed best and GS/seedling poorest, although in early years the latter did well. Although a spacing × rootstock interaction on yield per tree or per hectare was not found in any year, significant spacing effects were first evident on clonal rootstocks (RS/MM 106, RS/M 7, GS/MM 111, GS/M 7). Cumulative production efficiency was affected by rootstock but not by spacing. RS and GS on MM 106 and M 7 were the most efficient, nearly twice that on seedling. Trunk cross-sectional area in 1984 was less on clonal than on seedling rootstocks. All combinations had smallest trunk size at the closest spacing.
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Kasting, Monica, and Susan Rawl. "84539 Developing a Multilevel Intervention to Increase Hepatitis C Virus Screening of Baby Boomers in Primary Care." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.551.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: This research will improve human health by increasing screening for hepatitis C virus, thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality from hepatitis C-related disease. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The worldwide incidence of liver cancer increased 75% from 1990 to 2015 due, in part, to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Individuals born 1945-1965 (baby boomers) have five times the prevalence of HCV infection compared to other birth cohorts, but fewer than 15% of this cohort have ever been screened. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Effective interventions to increase HCV screening among baby boomers are urgently needed. In partnership with a provider advisory board and a community advisory board, we will develop a multilevel intervention designed to increase HCV screening that will be delivered to both providers and patients in primary care. We will assess whether the intervention is feasible, acceptable, and usable from the perspectives of the target audiences (providers and patients) by conducting Concurrent Think Aloud (CTA) interviews with eight patients and eight providers. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: While the specific content of both intervention components will not be finalized until the completion of the study, we envision that the provider-level intervention will likely include a one-time educational session and monthly performance feedback provided via e-mail reporting each provider’s HCV screening rates. The patient-level intervention may include mailed reminder letters prior to a scheduled clinic visit informing them that HCV screening is recommended and a tablet-based in-clinic computer program to educate, engage, and activate patients to be screened. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: The goals of this project are to: 1) develop an acceptable, feasible, and usable multilevel intervention aimed at increasing HCV screening in primary care; and 2) understand the relationship between the intervention components and HCV screening; and 3) reduce HCV-related morbidity and mortality.
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LARSSON, HENRIK, CATHERINE TUVBLAD, FRUHLING V. RIJSDIJK, HENRIK ANDERSHED, MARTIN GRANN, and PAUL LICHTENSTEIN. "A common genetic factor explains the association between psychopathic personality and antisocial behavior." Psychological Medicine 37, no. 1 (October 19, 2006): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170600907x.
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Background. Both psychopathic personality traits and antisocial behavior are influenced by genetic as well as environmental factors. However, little is known about how genetic and environmental factors contribute to the associations between the psychopathic personality traits and antisocial behavior.Method. Data were drawn from a longitudinal population-based twin sample including all 1480 twin pairs born in Sweden between May 1985 and December 1986. The twins responded to mailed self-report questionnaires at two occasions: 1999 (twins 13–14 years old), and 2002 (twins 16–17 years old).Results. A common genetic factor loaded substantially on both psychopathic personality traits and antisocial behavior, whereas a common shared environmental factor loaded exclusively on antisocial behavior.Conclusions. The genetic overlap between psychopathic personality traits and antisocial behavior may reflect a genetic vulnerability to externalizing psychopathology. The finding of shared environmental influences only in antisocial behavior suggests an etiological distinction between psychopathic personality dimensions and antisocial behavior. Knowledge about temperamental correlates to antisocial behavior is important for identification of susceptibility genes, as well as for possible prevention through identification of at-risk children early in life.
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Pedersen, N. L., G. E. McClearn, R. Plomin, J. R. Nesselroade, S. Berg, and U. DeFaire. "The Swedish Adoption Twin Study of Aging: An Update." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 40, no. 1 (January 1991): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000006681.
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AbstractThe Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) is a longitudinal program of research in gerontological genetics which is currently in its fifth year. The base population is comprised of 351 pairs of twins reared apart and 407 matched control pairs of twins reared together who responded to a questionnaire (Q1) in 1984. Two additional stages of SATSA have recently been completed: a longitudinal follow-up questionnaire mailed out in 1987 (Q2) and extensive in-person testing (IPT1) which included a health examination and cognitive battery. A second wave of IPT was started in January 1989. A summary of some of the major findings from Q1 and a description of IPT1 are reported.
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Hayakawa, Kazuo, Kenji Kato, Miyuki Onoi, Cai Yang-Ping, Masao Kanamori, Syuichi Doi, Chisato Hayashi, Hiroyuki Kikuchi, Reiko Nishihara, and Kensuke Kadota. "The Osaka University Aged Twin Registry: Epigenetics and Identical Twins Discordant for Aging-Dependent Diseases." Twin Research and Human Genetics 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 808–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.9.6.808.
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AbstractThe Osaka University Aged Twin Registry (OUATR) is the largest adult twin registry in Japan. Since its establishment in 1974, the OUATR has conducted a number of studies with particular focus on the environmental contribution to physical–cognitive–mental aging, longevity and aging-dependent diseases in later adulthood. The registry consists of 12,000 pairs of Japanese twins born between 1900 and 1935. Two hundred and fifty pairs of twins have undergone comprehensive medical examination to date. Follow-up questionnaires have been mailed out on a regular basis, for the purpose of checking current vital statuses, health conditions, and so forth. The main objective of this longitudinal twin study is to contribute to the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases and the promotion of successful aging.
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Fujita, Yasuyuki, Yosikazu Nakamura, Kiyomi Sakata, Norihisa Hara, Masayo Kobayashi, Masaki Nagai, Hiroshi Yanagawa, and Tomisaku Kawasaki. "Kawasaki Disease in Families." Pediatrics 84, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.4.666.
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The rate of second-case Kawasaki disease occurring among 1788 siblings of children with the disease was derived from data obtained from questionnaires mailed to the members of the Japanese Association of Parents of Children With Kawasaki Disease. Within 1 year after the onset of the first case in a family, the overall second-case rate was 2.1% for siblings, as compared to an overall incidence of approximately 0.19% in the general population of children 0 to 4 years of age in Japan in the epidemic year 1982. For siblings younger than 1 year of age, it was 8.4%, and for those between 1 and 2 years of age, it was 9.3%. More than half (54.1%) of the second cases developed 10 days or less after the first cases occurred.
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Nuttall, Gregory A., Linda C. Stehling, Christopher M. Beighley, and Ronald J. Faust. "Current Transfusion Practices of Members of the American Society of Anesthesiologists." Anesthesiology 99, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 1433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200312000-00028.
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Background The last published survey of transfusion practices among members of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) was conducted in 1981. The ASA Committee on Transfusion Medicine conducted a new transfusion survey in 2002. Methods The survey was mailed to 2,500 randomly selected active ASA members. The previous survey was modified to incorporate questions based on the ASA Practice Guidelines for Blood Component Therapy. The chi-square test was used for comparisons. Two-tailed P values of 0.05 or less were considered as nonchance differences. Results A total of 862 survey responses were completed by anesthesiologists who provided or directly supervised anesthesia for patients who may have required transfusion. In a given week, 62% rarely or never transfused 3 or more units of blood to the same patient. The percentage of anesthesiologists who responded that it is never or rarely (1% or less of the time) necessary to cancel elective surgery because of unavailability of blood products was 96% in 2002. In 1981, 92% responded that it was rarely necessary, and 8% said that it was occasionally necessary. The percentage of anesthesiologists who required patients undergoing elective surgery to have a hemoglobin concentration of at least 10 g/dl decreased from 65% to 9% (P < 0.001). Before intraoperative erythrocyte transfusion, 89% of respondents performed hemoglobin or hematocrit determinations routinely or sometimes. Intraoperative autologous transfusion equipment availability increased from 39% to 95% (P < 0.001). Awareness of the ASA Guidelines was 72%. Conclusions Transfusion practices have changed considerably since 1981. Current transfusion practices are, in general, consistent with the ASA Guidelines.
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Habermann, Thomas M., Carol A. Janney, Matthew M. Clark, Teresa A. Rummans, Jeff S. Sloan, James R. Cerhan, Susan M. Geyer, and Randall J. Thomas. "A Pilot Study of Physical Activity Level and Mood among Long-Term Lymphoma Survivors." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 4692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.4692.4692.
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Abstract It has been well-documented in cardiac patients and in the general population that physical activity improves physical and mental health. Physical activity could also improve the health and quality of life of long-term lymphoma survivors, but little is known about physical activity in this group of patients. Using the Mayo Tumor Registry, we identified eligible patients who were 16 years or older at diagnosis, U.S. residents, first diagnosed with Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma from 1984–1998, diagnosed and/or initially treated at Mayo Clinic Rochester, and survived for 5 to 20 years (N=2,485). In October of 2004, we mailed a 23-page survey to 95 randomly selected patients; 7 were found to be ineligible (deceased or too ill). Of the 88 remaining patients, we were able to find a correct address for 82, and 57 completed a survey for a 70% participation rate. Physical activity was self-reported using the Godin (1985) Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Of the 54 patients with complete data for this report, the mean age at completion of the questionnaire was 60.8 years (26.1–86.7). The mean time since diagnosis was 12.0 years (6.3–19.9), and 52% survived more than 11 years. The histologies included 22 (39%) Hodgkin lymphoma, 21 (38%) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 3 (5%) follicular lymphomas, 1 (2%) high-grade lymphoma, 5 (9%) peripheral T-cell lymphomas, and 4 (7%) other. Regular fitness was reported by 21% of the respondents. This is lower than a recent report of adults aged 50 years and older, where approximately 40% of those free of chronic disability were attaining recommended daily physical activity levels. It is also lower than the expected 30% in patients with disabilities from the Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (Brown DR et al., Med Sci Sports Exerc2005;37:620–9). In addition, although not statistically significant, there were effect sizes observed suggesting that sedentary responders had higher levels of depression, higher anxiety levels, more distress, and lower quality of life (QOL) compared to physically active respondents. These finding need to be verified in a larger sample to obtain better estimates. In conclusion, levels of physical activity were lower than general population samples. These results also suggest that physical activity level may be related to improved mood and QOL in this population.
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Hietala, M., P. Aula, A. C. Syvänen, A. Isoniemi, L. Peltonen, and A. Palotie. "DNA-based carrier screening in primary healthcare: screening for aspartylglucosaminuria mutations in maternity health offices." Clinical Chemistry 42, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): 1398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.9.1398.
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Abstract Large-scale genetic screening programs are complex enterprises in which ethical, technical, medical, and socioeconomic aspects have to be handled with professional expertise. Establishment of automated, relatively robust, and inexpensive laboratory techniques is one step of this path. Here a pilot carrier-screening program for the mutations causing aspartylglucosaminuria was carried out for pregnant women in primary care maternity health offices. Women (1975) were tested before their 12th week of pregnancy, and 31 heterozygotes were detected. The sampling was based on dried blood strips, facilitating convenient handling and inexpensive mailing to the laboratory. The mutation detection technique, solid-phase mini-sequencing simplified by the use of scintillation microplates and automated equipment, proved to be rapid, simple, inexpensive, and reliable, with a low repeat rate (2.5%). In conclusion, we found that good collaboration between the primary healthcare unit, the laboratory, and counseling experts, combined with modern laboratory technology, facilitate reliable low-cost genetic testing.
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Verdoux, H., N. Takei, R. Cassou de Saint-Mathurin, and M. Bourgeois. "Analysis of the seasonal variation of schizophrenic births using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov type statistic." European Psychiatry 12, no. 3 (1997): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(97)80198-8.
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SummaryPrevious studies have shown that schizophrenic patients are more likely to be born in winter or early spring months than the general population. Data on 4,207 patients with a hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia were obtained from a mailed survey to public departments of adult psychiatry in metropolitan France. For each year from 1900 to 1965, the expected monthly number of schizophrenic births was calculated and any seasonal variation of live births in the general population was taken into account. Cumulative distributions of the observed and expected number of schizophrenic births were compared using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov type statistic. The seasonal distribution of schizophrenic births was significantly different from that of the general population (P < 0.01). An excess of schizophrenic births was found in the first half of the year, with a peak in April (+ 13%).
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KARAR, YASSER F. M., CHARLES K. BLEND, HODA S. MOHAMADAIN, REFAAT M. A. KHALIFA, and NORMAN O. DRONEN. "Unusual opecoelids from Red Sea triggerfishes with special reference to characteristic concepts of the Opistholebetinae Fukui, 1929 (Digenea: Opecoelidae)." Zootaxa 4834, no. 1 (August 18, 2020): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4834.1.1.
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Three digeneans belonging to the Opecoelidae are reported and described from triggerfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Balistidae) collected in the northern Red Sea off Egypt. Both Macvicaria longicirrata (Manter, 1963) Aken-Ova, Cribb & Bray, 2008 and Neopycnadena tendu (Bray & Justine, 2007) n. comb. were recovered from the intestine of the titan triggerfish, Balistoides viridescens (Bloch & Schneider)—each represents a new host record—and Gaevskajatrema balistes n. sp. was found parasitizing the lower intestine of the Picasso triggerfish, Rhinecanthus assasi (Forsskål). We continue to support synonymy of Gaevskajatrema ponticum (Koval, 1966) Machkevsky, 1990 with Gaevskajatrema perezi (Mathias, 1926) Gibson & Bray, 1982, not as a differentiated species. We adopt the restricted posterior extension of the ceca and vitellarium to the testicular zone, without extension of either into the post-testicular space, as diagnostic in distinguishing Gaevskajatrema. Gaevskajatrema balistes n. sp. differs from G. perezi based on its substantially smaller body size with fewer eggs, a longer cirrus-pouch reaching ovarian level and it parasitizes a distinct host group from a structurally and ecologically different ecosystem. Neopycnadena n. gen. is erected for Pseudopycnadena tendu Bray & Justine 2007 based on its possessing a large broadly oval cirrus-pouch with a massive field of prostatic cells occupying the entire volume of the cirrus-pouch, a wide, cup-shaped and thick-walled ejaculatory duct, distinct dorsal position of the excretory pore, the bifurcal dextral position of the genital pore, its report from a distinct host group and distant locality and its phylogenetic uniqueness compared with Pseudopycnadena fischthali Saad-Fares & Maillard 1986. Neopycnadena n. gen. is ecologically similar to opistholebetines in their life-cycles and morphology; however, phylogenetically separate from opistholebetines as well as from the Polypipapiliotrematinae Martin, Cutmore & Cribb in Martin, Sasal, Cutmore, Ward, Aeby & Cribb, 2018 and members of Clade [C] of Martin and colleagues, thus we conclude that Neopycnadena n. gen. is unique. Neopycnadeninae n. subfam. is proposed to accommodate Neopycnadena n. gen. We consider that the probable characterization of tetraodontiform specialist taxa (as indicated by the presence of a muscular post-oral ring) and the specificity of the Opistholebetinae Fukui, 1929 sensu stricto with a tetraodontiform host are no longer reliable characters differentiating Gaevskajatrema and Macvicaria Gibson & Bray, 1982. The nature of the post-oral structure is discussed and it is adopted to be a diagnostic feature at the generic level among taxa of the Opistholebetinae sensu latu. It is concluded that the expanded concept of the Opistholebetinae is more supported than the restricted one, Birendralebes Srivastava & Ghosh, 1972 remains incertae sedis within the Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925 rather than in the Opistholebetinae, and we provide a generic key to the Opistholebetinae.
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Arminen, Elina, Jan Hellgren, Samuli Hägg, Ilmari Leppihalme, Tytti Rantanen, Jarkko Toikkanen, and Lea Rojola. "Arvostelut." AVAIN - Kirjallisuudentutkimuksen aikakauslehti, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30665/av.74789.
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Elina Arminen Puheen vaikutelma roolirunossa Katja Seutu: Olla elävän sanat. Roolirunon laji Maila Pylkkösen teoksessa Arvo. Vanhaäiti puhuu runonsa Jan Hellgren Platsproblematik Satu Koho: Minun tuuleni, minun mereni. Koettu ja eletty paikka Joni Skiftesvikin martinniemeläisteoksissa Samuli Hägg Kun Suomi putos puusta Anna Helle: Jäljet sanoissa. Jälkistrukturalistisen kirjallisuuskäsityksen tulo 1980-luvun Suomeen Ilmari Leppihalme Vahvoja signaaleja Mukka-renessanssista! Elina Arminen: Keskeltä melua ja ääntä. Timo K. Mukan myöhäistuotanto, kirjallisuuskäsitys ja niiden suhde 1960-luvun yhteiskunnallis-kulttuuriseen keskusteluun Tytti Rantanen Marguerite Durasin voimakkaat hullut Sirkka Knuuttila: Fictionalising Trauma. The Aesthetics of Marguerite Duras’s India Cycle Jarkko Toikkanen Jälkiajatuksia Merja Polvinen: Reading the Texture of Reality: Chaos Theory, Literature and the Humanist Perspective Lea Rojola Kertomusten tutkimuksen vino maailma Samuli Hägg, Markku Lehtimäki & Liisa Steinby: Näkökulmia kertomuksen tutkimukseen
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Artola Kortajarena, Koldo. "Artzibarko aldaera deitu izanaren inguruan (5 - Hego-Esteribarko laginak: Ilurdotz-I)." Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 114 (October 22, 2019): 5–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv114.1.
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Oraingo saioan 1981 eta 1986 urteen arteko denboran Esteribarko Ilurdozko lagun bati bildu genizkion datu batzuk dakartzagu orriotara, aldizkari honen 103-104 eta 112-113 zk.etan ekarri lanei jarraipena emanez, beti ere, L. L. Bonaparteren euskalki-sailkapena gogoan. Berriemaile honen euskararekiko gaitasuna oso higatua bazegoen ere, inoiz-edo halakoxe maila eman zuelakoan gaude, suko txingarrak mugitzean nola, itzali-itxurakoa berpiztean bezala. Jakina, honen aurreko saioetan aipatu ditugun ergatiboaren erabilera traketsaeta aditz laguntzaileen pluraleko erak sarri singularrekoek ordezkatzea ohiko gauzak izan dira oraingo saio honetan ere, baina kanpotiko kutsadurarik, ordea, ez diogu nabaritu, hasieratik beretik harritu gintuen «ondo» hitza kenduta, ustez berriemaileak Urnietako eskola batean eman zuen denbora laburrean ikasia, nahiz azkenean, hain maiztasun handiz erabiltzen zuela ikusirik, arrazoizko zalantzaren bat izatera iritsi garen. Datu...
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Vanagunas, Stanley, and John Keshawarz. "Administrative Assistance Needs of Arkansas Local Governmment." American Review of Politics 5 (January 1, 1985): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1984.5.0.93-99.
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This is a summary of an Arkansas State University sponsored survey conducted in the Summer of 1983 whereby a sample of the state's county and city executives were asked about their administrative training and technical assistance needs and, generally, about the role of the universities in providing such services. Forty-nine percent (128) of the mailed questionnaires were returned. The respondents consist of 45 county and 83 city officials. Arkansas State University sponsored the study on the basis of strong evidence suggesting that academic programs in public administration are much improved through their systematic interaction with government practitioners (see bibliography). Consequently, the specific purpose of the study was to discover possible mutually productive links between ASU's program in public administration and the state's local government. The present research note reports on those aspects of the study which may be of interest to the overall Arkansas political science/public administration community.
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Latimer, Rebecca, Natalie Street, Kristin Caspers Conway, Kathy James, Christopher Cunniff, Joyce Oleszek, Deborah Fox, Emma Ciafaloni, Christina Westfield, and Pangaja Paramsothy. "Secondary Conditions Among Males With Duchenne or Becker Muscular Dystrophy." Journal of Child Neurology 32, no. 7 (April 9, 2017): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073817701368.
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Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy are X-linked neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive muscle degeneration. Despite the involvement of multiple systems, secondary conditions among affected males have not been comprehensively described. Two hundred nine caregivers of affected males (aged 3-31 years) identified by the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network completed a mailed survey that included questions about secondary conditions impacting multiple body functions. The 5 most commonly reported conditions in males with Duchenne were cognitive deficits (38.4%), constipation (31.7%), anxiety (29.3%), depression (27.4%), and obesity (19.5%). Higher frequencies of anxiety, depression, and kidney stones were found among nonambulatory males compared to ambulatory males. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was more common in ambulatory than nonambulatory males. These data support clinical care recommendations for monitoring of patients with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy by a multidisciplinary team to prevent and treat conditions that may be secondary to the diagnosis.
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Larsen, T. E., S. B. Mogensen, and I. Holme. "Seasonal variations of pigmented naevi. Intercorrelations of clinical and histological variables with special reference to seasonal variation." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 70, no. 2 (March 1, 1990): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555570115120.
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During 1984, junctional and compound naevi were registered significantly more often during the summer half-year (May-October) than the total number of naevi, which showed no seasonal variation. A series of 342 of these junctional and compound naevi have been the subject of a blind histological classification. Clinical information was obtained by a questionnaire mailed to the patients. The intercorrelations of 19 histological and 10 clinical variables were studied by chi 2-test. The seasonal variation of these variables was further studied by chi 2-test and by Hewitt's test. Patient's hair colour, eye colour and sex as well as mitoses and localization showed a significant correlation to season of the year. The trends of these findings, compared with the information about tumour duration, indicate a short-term latency effect of UV light on naevi which are excised during the summer half-year.
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Lewin, Beverly A., and Yonatan Donner. "Communication in Internet message boards." English Today 18, no. 3 (June 17, 2002): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607840200305x.
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A quantitative analysis of usage in Computer-Mediated Conversation (CMC).While commentators as ‘early’ as 1984 were predicting that the “organizational, social, and personal effects of computers will be deeply felt”, they could only speculate on the strength of its impact. As this account was being written, at the end of 2001, the effects of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) were fast overtaking our poor ability to measure them. There are many ways to communicate through computers: Usenet newsgroups, mailing lists, and message boards, which allow users to discuss specific topics with each other. (The term CMC allows for the possibility that some methods of communication, e.g., “chat rooms”, will not meet the definition of ‘mail’. The most popular method of CMC is e-mail. For those who have internet access, CMC is often their preferred choice of indirect (i.e., non face-to-face) communication, thanks to its speed, efficiency, and flexibility. Perhaps for these reasons, e-mail has already overtaken the telephone as the primary means of business communication.
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Harris, Catherine T., Philip J. Perricone, and Margaret Supplee Smith. "The Artist and Androgyny: A Study of Gender Identity in Visual Artists." Empirical Studies of the Arts 6, no. 1 (January 1988): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9p69-xcur-c3na-2dck.
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While art is an activity that is socially valued, the image of the artist as perceived by the public and expressed in the literature has rarely been studied empirically. The Adjective Check List is used to test one dimension of this issue—June Wayne's hypothesis that the artist is a stereotypical woman, focusing on the artist's view of himself/herself and artists in general. Data were gathered by means of a questionnaire mailed to 1753 artists who had been nominated for the national Awards in Visual Arts during the first five years of the program (1982–86). It was found that artists tend to have self-images which are androgynous in terms of sex stereotyping, while at the same time, they see artists in general as relatively masculine. It was also found that while artists tend to view their colleagues in favorable terms, they view themselves as individual artists significantly more favorably. The implications of these findings for the profession of art are discussed.
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Bøhn, Synne-Kristin H., Hanne C. Lie, Kristin V. Reinertsen, Sophie D. Fosså, Hege S. Haugnes, Cecilie E. Kiserud, Jon Håvard Loge, Torbjørn Wisløff, and Lene Thorsen. "Lifestyle among long-term survivors of cancers in young adulthood." Supportive Care in Cancer 29, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05445-6.
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Abstract Purpose To investigate lifestyle in a population-based sample of long-term (≥ 5 years since diagnosis) young adult cancer survivors (YACSs), and explore factors associated with not meeting the lifestyle guidelines for physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), and smoking. Methods YACSs (n = 3558) diagnosed with breast cancer (BC), colorectal cancer (CRC), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), or localized malignant melanoma (MM) between the ages of 19 and 39 years and treated between 1985 and 2009 were invited to complete a mailed questionnaire. Survivors of localized MM treated with limited skin surgery served as a reference group for treatment burden. Results In total, 1488 YACSs responded (42%), and 1056 YACSs were evaluable and included in the present study (74% females, average age at survey 49 years, average 15 years since diagnosis). Forty-four percent did not meet PA guidelines, 50% reported BMI ≥ 25 and 20% smoked, with no statistically significant differences across diagnostic groups. Male gender, education ≤ 13 years, comorbidity, lymphedema, pain, chronic fatigue, and depressive symptoms were associated with not meeting single and/or an increasing number of lifestyle guidelines. Conclusion A large proportion of long-term YACSs do not meet the lifestyle guidelines for PA, BMI, and/or smoking. Non-adherence to guidelines is associated with several late effects and/or comorbidities that should be considered when designing lifestyle interventions for YACSs.
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Thomsen, Rikke, Laust Høgedahl, and Trine Pernille Larsen. "Det offentlige arbejdsmarked under forandring." Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv 21, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tfa.v21i2.114726.
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Det danske arbejdsmarked er under forandring, og det gælder også den offentlige sektor. Det offentlige arbejdsmarked har således været vidne til en række omstruktureringer, økonomiske besparelser og et væld af reformer. Skiftende regeringer har siden 1983 arbejdet med forskellige ”moderniseringsprogrammer” og New Public Management inspirerede tiltag med det formål at effektivisere og få den offentlige sektor til ’at køre længere på literen’ (Ibsen et al., 2011; Konggaard & Rod, 2018; Ejersbo & Greve, 2014). Et af de seneste tiltag er blandt andet den siddende VLAK regeringens ’Sammenhængsreform: Borgeren først – en mere sammenhængende offentlig sektor’. Moderniseringsdagsordnen er blevet mere udtalt på bagkant af den internationale økonomiske krise, som ramte Danmark relativt hårdt tilbage i 2008, og den dagsorden har på forskellig vis haft indfl ydelse på de offentligt ansattes løn og arbejdsvilkår (Mailand & Hansen, 2016). Mere end hver tredje af den danske arbejdsstyrke arbejder i den offentlige sektor fordelt på stat, regioner og kommuner. Den relativt store offentlige sektor skyldes, at det i Danmark og i resten af norden fortsat er det offentlige, som er hovedleverandør af serviceydelser til borgere, der i vid udstrækning bygger på et medborgskabsprincip. Det betyder også, at omkring 2/3 af det samlede offentlige forbrug går til løn og arbejdsvilkår til offentligt ansatte. Offentlige ansattes løn og arbejdsvilkår er derfor et afgørende forhold i den offentlige økonomi, og siden 2008 er de offentlige ansattes løn og arbejdsvilkår blevet en integreret del af udgiftspolitikken (Høgedahl, 2019). I et større europæisk perspektiv betegnes denne politiske dagsordenen som ’austerity measures’ og har afstedkommet en række økonomiske besparelser, løntilbageholdenhed og i nogle tilfælde endda lønnedgang og forringelser af offentlige ansattes arbejdsvilkår særligt i de sydeuropæiske lande som fx Portugal, Spanien og Grækenland selvom også andre europæiske landes offentlige sektor har været ramt af lignende reformtiltag (Marginson, 2014; Crouch, 2015).
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Galaktionov, Kirill V., and Karl Skirnisson. "New data on Microphallus breviatus Deblock & Maillard, 1975 (Microphallidae: Digenea) with emphasis on the evolution of dixenous life cycles of microphallids." Parasitology Research 100, no. 5 (November 21, 2006): 963–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-006-0359-9.
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Kennedy, David W., Paul Shaman, Wei Han, Heather Selman, Daniel A. Deems, and Donald C. Lanza. "Complications of Ethmoidectomy: A Survey of Fellows of the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 111, no. 5 (November 1994): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989411100509.
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A survey regarding complications of sinus surgery was mailed to 6969 otolaryngologists; 3933 responses (56.44%) were obtained, and 3043 of these physicians (77.37%) reported that they performed ethmoidectomy. Completed questionnaires were available for review from 42.21% of all Academy fellows (2942 physicians). Responses were tabulated and summarized question by question. Physicians generally did not rate their residency training in ethmoidectomy highly. The survey confirmed that there has been a marked rise in the frequency of ethmoidectomy and in the amount of training in ethmoidectomy since 1985. Empirical complication rates were calculated for different procedures and time periods. Poisson regression models were then constructed to describe the rate of complications under varying conditions such as the type of surgery performed, time period, experience and training of the surgeon, and type of complication encountered. The models permitted determination of the statistical significance of variables in relation to Incidence of complications. The study did not demonstrate a clear and consistent statistical relationship between the incidence of complications, the type of surgery performed, and the quality of training. Moreover, physicians who provided data from record review tended to report higher rates than those who estimated responses. The majority of physicians discussed specific potential complications with their patients before surgery and routinely performed preoperative computed tomography. The study demonstrated that physicians who experienced complications at higher rates were more likely to discuss these complications with patients before surgery.
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Bergem, A. L. Mina. "Norwegian Twin Registers and Norwegian Twin Studies — An Overview." Twin Research 5, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.5.5.407.
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AbstractThe Norwegian Twin Registers include several sets of population-based sub-registers, and covers twin pairs born between 1895 and today. Except for the missing birth years 1960 to 1967, the register is almost complete. Most of the register contains information about both same-sexed and opposite-sexed twin pairs, except for twin pairs born between 1946 and 1960, where only same-sexed twins are registered. In a substantial part of the register, information about zygosity is obtained, mainly by a mailed questionnaire and in some cases supported by DNA testing. These are the birth years 1915 to 1960 and the birth years 1967 to 1979. Zygosity information is further obtained in the different twin studies derived from the twin register. In 1990 the whole register was made available in a computerized form. Several twin studies have been derived from the different parts of the register. In this article, studies from the two earliest parts of the register are reviewed and grouped by recruitment specifics. Finally, future plans for the register and twin studies are discussed.
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Zhao, Mengna, Ying Li, Xue Bai, Jia Feng, Xiufang Xia, and Fangfei Li. "Inhibitory Effect of Guava Leaf Polyphenols on Advanced Glycation End Products of Frozen Chicken Meatballs (−18 °C) and Its Mechanism Analysis." Foods 11, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 2509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11162509.
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The inhibitory effect of guava leaf polyphenols (GLP) on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) of frozen chicken meatballs (−18 °C) and its possible inhibitory mechanism was investigated. Compared with control samples after freezing for 6 months, acidic value (AV), lipid peroxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), A294, A420, glyoxal (GO), Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), pentosidine, and fluorescent AGEs of chicken meatballs with GLP decreased by 11.1%, 22.3%, 19.5%, 4.30%, 8.66%, 8.27%, 4.80%, 20.5%, and 7.68%, respectively; while free sulfhydryl groups the content increased by 4.90%. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between meatballs with GLP and TP in AV, A294, GO, and CML (p > 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that GO, CML, pentosidine, and fluorescent AGEs positively correlated with AV, TBARS, A294, and A420, while GO, CML, pentosidine, and fluorescent AGEs negatively correlated with free sulfhydryl groups. These results manifested GLP could inhibit AGEs formation by inhibiting lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, and Maillard reaction. The possible inhibitory mechanism of GLP on the AGEs included scavenging free radicals, capturing dicarbonyl compounds, forming polyphenol–protein compounds, and reducing the formation of glucose. Therefore, the work demonstrated that the addition of plant polyphenols may be a promising method to inhibit AGEs formation in food.