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Academic literature on the topic 'Mahananda rivers'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Mahananda rivers"

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Mukhopadhyay, Tanmay, and Soumen Bhattacharjee. "Study of the Genetic Diversity of the Ornamental Fish Badis badis (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) in the Terai Region of Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India." International Journal of Biodiversity 2014 (November 6, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/791364.

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Dwarf chameleon fish or Badis badis, a lesser known ornamental freshwater fish, has recently been included in the Indian threatened category of fish list. There are insufficient studies with regard to the assessment of genetic background of this ichthyofauna, especially in the western sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal, India, popularly known as the Terai. The present study is the first attempt to investigate the present status of the genetic background of this species in the Mahananda and Balason rivers, major streams of this region. Twenty-one selective RAPD primers generated 53 and 60 polymorphic fragments in the Mahananda and Balason populations, respectively. The proportion of polymorphic loci, Nei’s genetic diversity (H), and Shannon’s index (H′) were 0.4416, 0.1654±0.2023, and 0.2450±0.2907, respectively, in Mahananda river population and were 0.5041, 0.1983±0.2126, and 0.2901±0.3037, respectively, in Balason river population. Inbreeding coefficient and degree of gene differentiation were also calculated. The H and H′ were found to be 0.1601±0.1944 and 0.2363±0.2782, respectively, in overall Mahananda-Balason river system. Our study revealed considerable lack of genetic variation among the individuals of Badis badis. The genetic data obtained from the present study lend support to the view that there is a scope of stock improvement for this ichthyofauna.
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Mondal, Sujit, Shyamal K. Basu, and Monoranjan Chowdhury. "Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a new species from the eastern Himalaya, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 5 (March 26, 2019): 13605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4493.11.5.13605-13610.

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Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae or Palmae), a new species of rattan from the hilly slopes of Mukti and Mahananda rivers at Darjeeling District of West Bengal in the eastern Indian Himalaya, is described and illustrated. This species closely resembles two Indo-Myanmar species, C. erectus Roxb. and C. arborescence Griff. It, however, is distinguished by its short and extremely slender stem, spine ornamentation, pendulous, long-branched inflorescence, and minute fruits with fimbriate scales. A comparative study among C. pseudoerectus sp. nov., C. erectus Roxb., and C. arborescence Griff. is provided. Conservation status of this species is proposed as Endangered (EN) as per IUCN.
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Kirsanov, Dmitry, Subhankar Mukherjee, Souvik Pal, Koustuv Ghosh, Nabarun Bhattacharyya, Rajib Bandyopadhyay, Martin Jendrlin, et al. "A Pencil-Drawn Electronic Tongue for Environmental Applications." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 4471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134471.

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We report on the development of a simple and cost-effective potentiometric sensor array that is based on manual “drawing” on the polymeric support with the pencils composed of graphite and different types of zeolites. The sensor array demonstrates distinct sensitivity towards a variety of inorganic ions in aqueous media. This multisensor system has been successfully applied to quantitative analysis of 100 real-life surface waters sampled in Mahananda and Hooghly rivers in the West Bengal state (India). Partial least squares regression has been utilized to relate responses of the sensors to the values of different water quality parameters. It has been found that the developed sensor array, or electronic tongue, is capable of quantifying total hardness, total alkalinity, and calcium content in the samples, with the mean relative errors below 18%.
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Thokdar, Tanmay, and Snehasish Saha. "A micro scale study of Mahananda river bank erosion and temporal Land use land cover scenario with special reference to natural forest in the foothills of Darjeeling Himalaya, West Bengal, India." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 8, no. 10 (October 13, 2023): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2023.v08.n10.012.

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Bank erosion is an inevitable vestige of past to evident fluvial dynamics in relation to its discharge and velocities and work-load in view of its load washed or unwashed. The central idea is best suited to study the case of River Mahananda alias Mahanadi within the Upper Mahananda River basin area having similar kind of attestation of facts. The present study needed extraction of satellite imageries of Landsat from USGS sites associated with its processing and ultimately to frame out the temporal scenes through NDVI technique to visualize if the forest cover is at all influenced by bank erosion or not or for specific scales whatever is the reality. The inference registered heavy scouring along the hugging banks with temporal avulsions and bed aggradation. The rates of change of foothill forest areas and variation of cultivable areas for a period of 30 years initiating from 1990 is addressed to study here.
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Guha, Arindam, Priyom Roy, Swati Singh, and K. Vinod Kumar. "Integrated Use of LANDSAT 8, ALOS-PALSAR, SRTM DEM and Ground GPR Data in Delineating Different Segments of Alluvial Fan System in Mahananda and Tista Rivers, West Bengal, India." Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 46, no. 4 (October 19, 2017): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12524-017-0711-9.

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Sajina, Aliyamintakath Muhammadali, Deepa Sudheesan, Srikanta Samanta, Samir Kumar Paul, Sanjay Bhowmick, Subir Kumar Nag, Vikas Kumar, and Basanta Kumar Das. "Development and validation of a fish-based index of biotic integrity for assessing the ecological health of Indian Rivers Mahanadi and Kathajodi-Devi." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 25, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.025.02.25.

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Abstract India has a vast network of 14 major rivers and their tributaries, covering 83% of the drainage basin and accounting for 85% of the surface flow. Anthropogenic activities like damming, channel modification, water abstraction, sewage and effluent disposal, sand mining, unthoughtful exploitation of biotic resources, etc. are the major threats faced by the rivers in the country. Monitoring protocol of Indian rivers lacks an integrated approach based on judicious use of both abiotic and biotic components as well as a total lack of consideration for ecological health. Index of Biotic Integrity is a flexible multimetric index that can be modified and adapted to the various zoogeographic regions of the world. A fish-based multi-metric IBI was developed by modifying and incorporating metrics that are sensitive to the various ecological stressors faced by Indian rivers, fishes being excellent indicators of river health. The adapted IBI was validated and used to assess ecological health of two rivers—Mahanadi, and its distributary Kathajodi-Devi—flowing through central-eastern India. The study indicated that in River Mahanadi, around 25% of the freshwater river stretch was slightly impaired and the remaining 75% stretch was moderately impaired. In Kathajodi-Devi, most of the river stretches were in a moderately impaired condition, except at Italnga stretch where the river was severely impaired. The Index of Biotic Integrity scores estimated could reflect the ecological health of the rivers. The study shows that use of Index of Biotic Integrity is a useful and reliable approach to assess the health conditions of Indian aquatic resources warranting initiatives to be taken to implement and incorporate it into the country's water resource management.
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Ratha, Keshab Chandra. "Growing Industrialisation and its Cumulative Impacts: Insights from the Mahanadi River Basin." Social Change 49, no. 3 (September 2019): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085719863904.

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The Mahanadi river faces large-scale ecological disaster due to a variety of anthropogenic stresses. A prime factor is rapid industrialisation and coal-fired power generation plans that are being encouraged by the states of Odisha and Chhattisgarh. These are not only impacting the flow of the river’s waters and damaging the health of its basin but have also made the area susceptible to climate change. The industrial growth-based development has already polluted the Mahanadi to an irrecoverable extent. The over-allocation of water to industries has adversely effected the region’s irrigation and agriculture leading to a bitter contestation between industry and the farming community. As this comment emphasises, both state governments are taking advantage of the Mahanadi river for industrial use to maximise revenue generation but are at the same time are being insensitive to the adverse environmental and ecological consequences that such exploitation will surely lead to.
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Luhariya, Rupesh K., Kuldeep K. Lal, Rajeev K. Singh, Vindhya Mohindra, Arti Gupta, Prachi Masih, Arvind K. Dwivedi, Rakhi Das, U. K. Chauhan, and J. K. Jena. "Genealogy and phylogeography of Cyprinid fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) inferred from ATPase 6 and 8 mitochondrial DNA gene analysis." Current Zoology 60, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 460–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/60.4.460.

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Abstract ATPase 6/8 gene (842 bp) of mitochondrial DNA was sequenced in Labeo rohita samples (n = 253) collected from nine rivers belonging to four river basins; Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra and Mahanadi. Analysis revealed 44 haplotypes with high haplotype diversity (Hd) 0.694 and low nucleotide diversity (π) 0.001. The within population variation was larger (83.44%) than among population differences (16.56%). The mean FST value (0.166; P < 0.05) for overall populations revealed moderate level of genetic structuring in the wild L. rohita populations. The haplotype network presented a single clade for wild L. rohita population, from different rivers. Negative values for Fu’s index (FS), mismatch distribution analysis indicated period of expansion in L. rohita population. The time after recent expansion was estimated for each population, between 0.042 to 0.167 mya. The pattern of Isolation by Distance (IBD) was not significant (r = -0.113, P < 0.287), when all the sampling locations were compared (Mantel test), however, when an outlier (Indus, Brahmaputra and Mahanadi) was removed from the whole population set, a clear positive correlation between pairwise FST and geographic distance (Km) was seen. The analysis of data demonstrated that ATPase6/8 gene polymorphism is a potential marker to understand genetic population structure of wild L. rohita existing in different rivers. The study identified population substructure in wild L. rohita with common ancestral origin [Current Zoology 60 (4): 460–471, 2014].
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Choudhury, Sudhir Ranjan, Ajay K. Singh, Anupama Mahato, Ashutosh Anand, and Alok Kumar Chandrakar. "A Comprehensive Review of the Mahanadi River Basin in Chhattisgarh, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 04 (2023): 1648–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i04.031.

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The Mahanadi River is an interstate (Chhattisgarh and Odisha) river in India that flows for 851 kilometers, 357 of which are in Chhattisgarh. It is the lifeline of Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The Mahanadi River Basin (MRB) in Chhattisgarh covers an area of 75,136 km2 . This paper provides a detailed database on water demand and use, LULC changes, biodiversity, pollution status, and man-made structures, such as dams/ reservoirs, built in the Mahanadi river basin in Chhattisgarh. The significance of this overview paper stems from the fact that it improves river management and water distribution for various sectors in Chhattisgarh. Furthermore, it aids in the mitigation and adaptation to climate change, as well as the achievement of sustainable development goals.
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Laskar, Boni Amin, Dhriti Banerjee, Sangdeok Chung, Hyun-Woo Kim, Ah Ran Kim, and Shantanu Kundu. "Integrative Taxonomy Clarifies the Historical Flaws in the Systematics and Distributions of Two Osteobrama Fishes (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in India." Fishes 9, no. 3 (February 27, 2024): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes9030087.

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The taxonomy and geographical distributions of Osteobrama species have historically posed challenges to ichthyologists, leading to uncertainties regarding their native ranges. While traditional taxonomy has proven valuable in classification, the utility of an integrated approach is restricted for this particular group due to limitations in combining information from biogeography, morphology, and genetic data. This study addresses the taxonomic puzzle arising from the recent identification of Osteobrama tikarpadaensis in the Mahanadi and Godavari Rivers, casting doubt on the actual distribution and systematics of both O. tikarpadaensis and Osteobrama vigorsii. The research reveals distinctions among specimens resembling O. vigorsii from the Krishna and Godavari riverine systems. Notably, specimens identified as O. vigorsii from the Indian Museum exhibit two pairs of barbels, while those from the Godavari River in this study are identified as O. tikarpadaensis. Inter-species genetic divergence and maximum likelihood phylogeny provide clear delineation between O. vigorsii and O. tikarpadaensis. The study suggests that O. vigorsii may be limited to the Krishna River system in southern India, while O. tikarpadaensis could potentially extend from the Mahanadi River in central India to the Godavari River in southern India. Proposed revision to morphological features for both species, accompanied by revised taxonomic keys, aim to facilitate accurate differentiation among Osteobrama congeners. The data generated by this research provide a resource for future systematic investigations into cyprinids in India and surrounding regions. Further, the genetic diversity information obtained from various riverine systems for Osteobrama species will be instrumental in guiding aquaculture practices and formulating effective conservation action plans.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mahananda rivers"

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Ranjan, Vivek Kumar. "Search for molecular diversity of metallo-B-lactamase genes in eubacterial isolates of Karala and Mahananda rivers of West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4663.

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Kumar, Arvind. "Studies on oligotrophic bacteria of river Mahananda of northern West Bengal with special emphasis on mics of integrons." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1478.

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Bastia, Fakira. "Weathering Characteristics in the Mahanadi River Basin, India." Thesis, 2020. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/10141/1/2020_PhD_FBastia_513ER6001_Weathering.pdf.pdf.

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The processes of weathering and erosion are the most important natural events that reshape the surface of the earth and regulate geochemical cycling of elements. The study of processes involved in rock weathering, sediment formation and subsequent transfer of weathered materials by the river to the ocean is essential for understanding different earth surface processes. The transport of sediments by rivers to the oceans represents an important link between the terrestrial and marine ecosystem. Chemical weathering of rocks releases soluble products and produce solid residues, which control the land-ocean-atmospheric fluxes and earth’s climate. The geochemistry of river sediments gives information about the provenance characteristics and characteristics of weathering and erosion in a basin. Therefore, this thesis aims to study the spatio-temporal variation of the sediment discharge and erosion rate, geochemistry of water and sediments of the Mahanadi river basin, one of the biggest rivers in India to understand the weathering characteristics of the basin. The trend analysis study is conducted in the time series data (1981-2010) of water flux sediment discharge and rainfall (1990-2010) of the Mahanadi river to study the sediment load variation. The trend test result represents that the sediment load delivered from the Mahanadi river to the global ocean has decreased sharply at the rate of 0.42×106 tons/year between 1981 and 2010. Water discharge and rainfall in the basin show no significant decreasing trend except at only one tributary. The decline in sediment discharge from the basin to the Bay of Bengal is mainly due to the increase in the number of dams, which shows the increase from 70 to 253 during the period of 1980 to 2010. Over the past 30 years, the Mahanadi river discharges about 48.01±20 km3 of water and 14.52±12.7×106 tons of sediment annually to the Bay of Bengal whereas the mean erosional rate is 238±116 tons/km2/year. Based on the current data (2001–2010), sediment flux and water discharge to the ocean are 11.02±5×106 tons/year and 50.91±16 km3/year respectively; and ranking Mahanadi river second in terms of water discharge and sediment flux to the ocean among the peninsular rivers in India. The sediment load in the basin is mostly influenced by the variation in water discharge and relief. The results of hydrogeochemical study of the Mahanadi river basin reveal that the dissolved loads in the basin are dominantly controlled by rock weathering particularly chemical weathering of silicates and carbonates. The TDS in the basin is higher than the global average. The estimated chemical weathering rates based on the forward model are 44.94 tons/km2/year in monsoon and 2.45 tons/km2/year in pre-monsoon with annual average chemical weathering rate of 23.69 tons/km2/year. The contributions of silicate weathering rates in the basin are 32.15 and 1.55 tons/km2/year during monsoon and pre-monsoon period respectively. The estimated CO2 consumption rate associated with chemical weathering in the basin is 13.3×105 mol/km/year during monsoon and 0.66×105 mol/km/year during pre-monsoon period with an average annual rate of 6.91×105 mol/km/year which is higher than the global average and most Indian rivers. The net rate of CO2 consumption by silicate weathering is estimated to be approximately 4.78×105 mol/km/year. It is observed that the runoff and lithology are the major factors influencing chemical weathering in the basin. The geochemistry of sediment shows that they are mainly derived from felsic source rocks with a minor contribution from mafic and carbonate rocks. This is also evidenced from the ratio of Al2O3/TiO2, higher content of K2O and Rb along with the abundance of quartz, feldspar and variable quantity of dolomite and calcite in the sediments. Higher values of (La/Lu)N and LREE/HREE ratios suggest the presence of acidic source rock in the basin. The majority of sediments are chemically similar to arkose and litharenite sandstone. The values of the chemical index of alteration (CIA), index of compositional variability (ICV) and the ratio of Rb/Sr indicate most of the sediments are compositionally immature and undergone weak weathering. Positive Ce anomaly, as well as the ratios of Ni/Co and V/Cr, suggests oxidising environments of deposition. The sediments are deposited on a passive continental marginal setting with semi-arid to semi-humid climatic condition.
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Bhattacharjee, Anuran. "Environmental flows-detailed assessment of the rivers of mahanadi basin of india." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6334/1/212CE4485-19.pdf.

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Environmental flow (EF) is referred as the amount of water regarded as sufficient for shielding or maintaining the construction & function of an ecosystem and its dependent species. River systems attain zero flow due to construction of water Retaining Structures, Hydropower generating Structures, construction of bridges etc. which possess a tremendous and huge threat to the environment, ecology & aquatic life of the river systems. Thus, Environment Flow assessment is done in order to analyse and infer the natural flow regime of the river which is required to be in existence for the sustainability of the ecosystem. In the present work, we are going to assess the Environmental Flow of the Mahanadi River Basin based on the Tennant method, RVA (Range of Variability Analysis), Flow Duration curve (FDC) & Flow Indices method (i.e 7Q10, 7Q2 etc), FDC shift and Spatial Interpolation method (applied on FDC). Tennant (or Montana) method utilizes a percentage of the average annual Flow (MAF) for two separate six month periods to classify the various circumstances of flow, whereas RVA uses IHA (Indicators of hydrologic Alterations) applications, to determine low flow, high flow, maximum high flow etc. Flow Indices (Q95, Q90 etc.) and the 7Q10, 7Q2 methods are computed with which the different low discharges are determined for the eight stations covering the whole Mahanadi river basin. Environmental Management classes are categorised here such that by shifting the FDC for each and every station, the flow can be analysed from the extreme modified (very poor) flow to the high flow. Spatial Interpolation method using the Flow-Duration curve computes the discharge of the destination station using the value of the source station.
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Pandey, Pooja. "Impact of Climate Change on the Hydrology of Mahanadi River Basin." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6676/1/Pooja__M.Tech_(R)_Thesis.pdf.

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The increasing rate of global surface temperature is going to have significant impact on local hydrological regimes and thus on water resources, this leads to the assessment of water resources potential resulting from the climate change impacts. Main parameters that are closely related to the climate change are temperature, precipitation and runoff. Therefore, there is a growing need for an integrated analysis that can quantify the impacts of climate change on various aspects of water resources. The present work intends to determine climate change impact on the hydrological processes in the Mahanadi River Basin through:(1) Statistical analysis of historical and future climate trends, (2) use of General Circulation Models (GCM) for simulating the response of climate variables globally, accounting for the effects of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, (3) use of statistical downscaling technique to model the hydrology variables (e.g., precipitation) at a smaller scale based on large scale GCM outputs, (4) use of hydrological modelling for assessment of global climate change impacts. Statistical trend analysis has been done using Mann Kendall Test and Sen’s Slope Estimator to find out the magnitude of the trend for the historical and future records. Statistical downscaling model has been used to predict the future precipitation and temperature time series from the year 2011 to 2099 by using HadCM3 coupled model. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Multiple Linear Regression analysis has been used to predict the future runoff from the precipitation and temperature.
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Mohapatra, Laxmipriya. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis and Modelling of Water Quality in Mahanadi River Basin." Thesis, 2017. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/8755/1/2017_MT_LMahapatra.pdf.

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Water is life. But if the quality of water is poor, it may become poison. Scientists and researchers have opined that the quality of water available to a society is an important factor in determining the quality of life as a whole in the society. Urban, industrial and agricultural activities, increasing consumption of water resources as well as natural processes such as change in precipitation inputs, erosion etc. damage surface water quality. Therefore, assessment of surface water quality is required as it directly affects public health. In our study, we have selected Mahanadi river basin which lies predominantly in Chhatisgarh and Odisha. During the last few decades, many water quality monitoring programs are used for reliable estimates of the water quality in view of the temporal and spatial variations in hydrochemistry of river in this region. Eight gauging stations were selected in total for collecting the data for various water quality parameters viz.,pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Electrical Conductivity, Nitrogen as nitrate (NitrateN), Total Coli-form Bacteria(TC), Fecal Coli-form Bacteria(FC), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Nitrogen as ammonia (NH4-N), Total Alkali (TA) as CaCO3, Total Hardness (TH) as CaCO3. Analysis of water quality was done by PCA and PFA techniques. The spatial analysis was done using GIS interpolation technique of Inverse Distance Weighted method. Then a physical water quality model was created using SWAT. The coefficient of determination for the calibration period (1991-2000) was found to be 0.75 for the discharge at Tikarapara (selected outlet) and for validation period (2001-2010) R2 came to be 0.66 using SUFI2 which showed the model predicts the flow satisfactorily. For the water quality BOD and DO (important parameters as found by PFA) were selected for the calibration and validation. The R2 came out to be 0.863 and 0.726 for BOD and DO respectively in calibration period. And for validation period the values were 0.785 and 0.688 respectively.
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Guru, Nibedita. "Simulation of point and non-point source pollution in mahanadi river system lying in odisha, India." Thesis, 2012. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/4026/1/SIMULATION_OF_POINT_AND_NON-POINT_SOURCES_POLLUTION_OF_MAHANADI_RIVER_SYSTEM_LYING_IN_ODISHA%2CINDIA.pdf.

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Assessment of point and non-point source pollution in a river system plays an important role for proper water resources management/utilization/protection, reducing environmental/health degradation, suitable waste load allocation and decision-making for pollution monitoring networks. It has been observed that most of the water resources have been utilized for the disposal of municipal and industrial wastes since early days in addition to influx of non-point source pollution. To address the non-linearity, subjectivity, transfer and transformation rule of the pollutants and complexity of the cause-effect relationships between water quality variables and water quality status, development and use of water quality model is of utmost importance. Since the concentration of the quality constituents is reliant on the quantity of flow, entry of point and non-point source pollutants, reaction kinetics, etc., it is essential to supervise and use suitable mathematical models for predicting water quality variables. Owing to the random discharge of point and non-point pollution from various sources has not only rendered such water bodies eutrophic but also their advantageous uses such as water supply, irrigation, recharge of ground water, recreation and habitat for flora and fauna have been adversely affected. Oxygen-demanding substances are major contaminants in domestic and municipal wastewater. The main indicators of river pollution which deals with the oxygen domestic conditions of the river are Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO).To manage the quality of natural water bodies that are subjected to pollutant inputs; one must be able to predict the degradation in quality that results from such inputs. The non-point source pollution is another imperative variable responsible for increasing pollutant load in a stream/river. Recognizing the magnitude of assessing non-point source pollution in river system, copious studies intended at understanding the processes controlling nutrient concentration, fluxes in the river systems and the quantification of the nutrient loads of rivers have been proficient in past. In the present study, attempts have been made to use different water quality models for Mahanadi river system lying in Odisha, establish model parameters values and test the iv applicability of the model for different Spatio-temporal conditions. Different water quality data namely, discharge, BOD, DO, water temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, nitrate a Most commonly used BOD-DO model have been used to simulate the point source pollution at different reaches of Mahanadi river system lying in Odisha and model parameters deoxygenation coefficient (k1) and reaeration rate coefficient (k2) have been established. Various empirical equations used for estimating and reaeration rate coefficient were used and a modified equation suitable for estimating reaeration rate coefficient has been derived. Further, the Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network techniques was used to estimate for the analysis of point source pollution in terms of BOD and DO concentration and the neural network model is developed using the data collected from the upstream and downstream stations on Mahanadi river system lying in Odisha. The accuracy performance of training, validation and prediction of seasonal water quality parameters has been tested. Another important variable responsible for increasing pollutant load in the river system is non-point source pollution. For recognizing the importance of influx of nutrients (nitrate and ortho-phosphate) from non point sources and their simulation, an analytical model has been used and non-point source pollution entering the river has been estimated. To test the validity of generalized model and ANN model, different statistical errors, the root mean square error (RMSE), mean multiplicative errors (MME), correlation coefficient (R) were used.
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Yadav, Arvind. "Estimation and Forecasting of Suspended Sediment Yield in Mahanadi River Basin: Application of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms." Thesis, 2019. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/10035/1/2019_PhD_AYadav_512MN1006_Estimation.pdf.

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Rivers are dynamic geologic agents on earth and act as the main pathways for transport of continental materials to the ocean. Estimation and forecasting of suspended sediment yield (SSY) are essential towards understanding the mass balance between the ocean and land. The volume of SSY transported in a river provides important information about its morphodynamics, the hydrology of its drainage basin, and the erosion and sediment delivery processes operating within that basin. Estimation and forecasting of SSY is always a key factor during the evaluation of reservoir project, protection of fish and wildlife habitats, understanding of flood capacity, hydroelectric equipment longevity, planning and management of any river system. The SSY depends on number of variables and their inter-relationships which are highly nonlinear and complex in nature. Direct measurement of SSY is difficult and needs sufficient time and money. Additionally, it is difficult to estimation and forecasting of the SSY by using traditional mathematical models because they are incapable to handle the complex non-linearity and non-stationarity process. Thus, the aim of this study is to develop hybrid simple genetic algorithm based artificial neural network (GA-ANN) and genetic algorithm based multi objective optimization with artificial neural network (GA-MOO-ANN) models to estimate and forecast the SSY at eleven locations in the Mahanadi river basin, which is one of the largest rivers in India. All parameters associated with the models are optimized simultaneously using simple genetic algorithm and multi-objective genetic algorithm for estimation and forecasting of the SSY. Temporal information of monthly rainfall, temperature, water discharge, and suspended sediment yield during 1990-2010 along with rock type, relief and catchment area are used at all eleven gauging stations in Mahanadi river for the development of models. It is observed that water discharge and SSY show wide fluctuations whereas temperature and rainfall do not show much variation among different gauge stations in the basin. The performances of GA-MOO-ANN and GA-ANN models were compared to traditional artificial neural network (ANN), multiple linear regression (MLR), auto regressive (AR), multi variate auto regressive (MAR) and sediment rating curve (SRC) method for evaluating the estimation and forecasting capability of models on testing data set. The results suggested that the hybrid GA-MOO-ANN and GA-ANN models exhibited satisfactory performance and provided better results than the traditional ANN, MLR, AR and MAR models. The models are unable to estimate and forecast the SSY at gauge stations having very small catchment areas whereas performing satisfactory on locations having moderate to large catchment area. The models provide the best result at Tikarapara, the gauge station location in the extreme downstream, having the largest catchment area. If measurements of suspended sediment are not available in any river then the modelling approach can be potentially used for the estimation and forecasting of SSY at gauge or ungagged locations.
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Guru, Nibedita. "Flood Frequency Analysis of Partial Duration Series Using Soft Computing Techniques for Mahanadi River Basin in India." Thesis, 2016. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/8200/1/2016_Phd_512CE102_Flood.pdf.

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In flood frequency analysis, the modeling based on Annual Maximum Flood (AMF) series remains the most popular approach. An alternative approach based on the “partial duration series (PDS) or peaks over threshold (POT)” has been considered in recent years, which captures more information about extreme events by fixing appropriate threshold values. The PDS approach has lot of advantages, (i) it consist more peak events by selecting the appropriate threshold hence to capture more information regarding the flood phenomena. (ii) it analyses both, the time of arrival and the magnitude of peaks, (iii) it provides extra flexibility in the demonstration of floods and a complete explanation of the flood generating process. However, the PDS approach remains underused and unpopular due to the nonexistence of general framework regarding different approaches.The first objective of the present research work is to develop a framework in the above question on selection of an appropriate threshold value using different concepts and, to verify the independency and stationarity criteria of the extreme events for the modeling of the PDS in the Mahanadi river system, India. For the analysis, daily discharge data from 22 stations with record length varying between 10 and 41 years have been used with the assumption that the whole basin is homogeneous in nature. The results confirmed that the Generalized Pareto (GP) best described the PDS in the study area and also, show that the best PDS/GP performance is found in almost all the value of λ (2, 2.5 and 3). In the second phase, the analysis is done to carry out the regional flood frequency analysis in the Mahanadi basin and to apply the developed model to the respective homogeneous region. Regionalization is the best viable way of improving flood quantile estimation. In the regional flood frequency analysis, selection of basin characteristics, morphology, land use and hydrology have significant role in finding the homogeneous regions. In this work the Mahanadi basin is divided into homogeneous regions by using fifteen effective variables initially. However, it has been observed that the whole basin is not hydro meteorologically homogeneous. Therefore, Factor analysis has been introduced in finding suitable number of variables, and nine variables are found suitable for analysis. Hierarchical (HC) and K-Means Clustering (KM) techniques are used for finding out the possible number of clusters. Here, again the Generalized Pareto (GP) distribution best described the PDS in the study area. To test the homogeneity and to identify the best-fit frequency distribution, regional L-moment algorithm is used. A unique regional flood frequency curve is developed which can estimate the flood quantiles in ungauged catchments and an index flood is also specified concerning the catchment characteristics by using the multiple linear regression approach.
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10

Ganguly, Sourav. "A stable Strontium isotopic (δ88/86Sr) study of seawater from the Bay of Bengal, coastal groundwater from the Bengal Basin, and the Ganges, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, and Godavari rivers in India." Thesis, 2023. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/6143.

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Strontium (Sr) is an alkaline earth element that has four naturally occurring stable isotopes, 84Sr, 86Sr, 87Sr and 88Sr. During measurements of the radiogenic Sr isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr), which is a widely used tracer in Earth sciences, the instrumental mass dependent fractionation is corrected by assuming the 88Sr/86Sr ratio as 8.375209. However, with the recent advancements in mass spectrometry, it is now possible to resolve variations in the 88Sr/86Sr ratio (expressed as δ88/86Sr) in natural samples. In this study, a measurement protocol for stable Sr isotope ratio measurements was developed using a double spike thermal ionization mass spectrometry (DS-TIMS) technique and δ88/86Sr variability in depth-bound seawater, groundwater, and large rivers are investigated. The analytical technique for high precision TIMS measurements of δ88/86Sr was developed using a new Sr double spike (87Sr-84Sr); the single spikes used to prepare this double spike were less pure compared to the spikes reported in literature and hence the DS of this study is less expensive and differs in isotopic composition from DS used in previous studies. The robustness of the method was validated by measurements of multiple standards of different matrices (carbonate, silicate, seawater, and pure Sr) and the long-term external reproducibility of δ88/86Sr was less than ± 0.035 ‰ (2SD) which is comparable to, if not better than previous studies. The δ88/86Sr values are not affected by the nature of the loading filament (tantalum versus zone refined rhenium) or amount of Sr loaded on the filament; further, the δ88/86Sr values are invariant over a wide range of spike/sample ratios, consistent with modelling calculations for error propagations. The δ88/86Sr values, relative to the NIST SRM987 standard, are reported for an Alfa Aesar ICPMS Sr standard (0.101 ± 0.033 ‰), NASS-6 seawater (0.387 ± 0.034 ‰), JCp-1 coral carbonate (0.196 ± 0.006 ‰), JCt-1 clam shell (0.252 ± 0.004 ‰), BCR-2 basalt (0.264 ± 0.003 ‰), and NIST SRM987 (0 ± 0.023 ‰). The Bay of Bengal, which has crucial control on marine Sr budget, receives large influx of continental Sr through the Himalayan rivers in form of surface flow with additional contribution from groundwater discharge. The present study reports restricted variability in the δ88/86Sr values (0.373-0.411 ‰) of seawater samples collected from multiple depths (0-1500 m) in the Bay of Bengal with an average δ88/86Sr = 0.388 ± 0.025 ‰ (2SD), which overlaps with previous estimates of global seawater. The chemistry of coastal seawater can be significantly influenced by groundwater and interactions between Bengal Basin groundwater and the adjacent Bay of Bengal seawater are well documented. This thesis presents δ88/86Sr values, 87Sr/86Sr, as well as stable Ca isotope (δ44/40Ca) data for a set of groundwater samples collected from multiple depths (14-333 mbgl) from coastal aquifers in and around the Sundarbans delta, India. Significant variabilities were observed in 87Sr/86Sr, salinity, and cation concentrations across depths which indicate seawater incursion at shallower depths (14-42 mbgl) while deep aquifer samples (~333 mbgl) retained freshwater signature. A substantial variability in δ88/86Sr values (~0.542 ‰) was observed in these groundwater samples with shallow aquifer samples showing high δ88/86Sr (up to 0.666 ‰), which is higher than modern seawater (~0.388 ‰). These variations along with modelling results suggest appreciable amounts of precipitation of secondary carbonates in the saline groundwaters along with indications of seawater-freshwater mixing. The δ44/40Ca values of the same samples show similar trends as the δ88/86Sr values and are consistent with removal of solute Ca as aragonites or calcites (up to 45%). Rivers are major transport pathways of weathering-derived continental Sr to the oceans and play a major role in modulating the overall Sr budget among modern reservoirs. The δ88/86Sr values in seasonally and spatially resolved river water samples from the lower Ganges (Hooghly River) varied from -0.167 to 0.418 ‰ while those in seasonally distributed river water samples from the Brahmaputra, collected from Guwahati and Jorhat, range between 0.136-0.304 ‰. Spatially and seasonally resolved river water from the Mahanadi Basin display δ88/86Sr values between 0.263-0.638 ‰; few samples from coastal regions overlapped with Bay of Bengal δ88/86Sr values underscoring seawater intrusion. The Mahanadi Basin groundwater samples display δ88/86Sr values between 0.276-0.423 ‰, which overlap with compositions of the Mahanadi River water, consistent with riverwater-groundwater interactions. Seasonally resolved river water samples from the Godavari River, collected from Rajahmundry, showed δ88/86Sr variability between 0.174-0.640 ‰. Overall, the significant variability in δ88/86Sr values of these large rivers broadly overlap with global river water data and reflect varying sources, congruent versus incongruent chemical weathering, with implications for role of water mass mixing and secondary minerals, such as carbonates and clays in river waters.
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Books on the topic "Mahananda rivers"

1

Sarasvatī, Kūṭasthānanda. Śrī Sarasvatīmahānadī-nirṇayaḥ =: Shri Sarasvati mahanadi nirnay : the conclusion about the great river Sarasvati. Hoshiarpur, Punjab: Sadhu Sewa Munshi Ram Sood, 2000.

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Dāsa, Hemanta Kumāra. Mahānadī. Bhubaneśvara: Oḍiśā Sāhitya Ekāḍemī, 2008.

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Dāsa, Hemanta Kumāra. Mahānadī. Bhubaneśvara: Oḍiśā Sāhitya Ekāḍemī, 2008.

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Dāsa, Hemanta Kumāra. Mahānadī. Bhubaneśvara: Oḍiśā Sāhitya Ekāḍemī, 2008.

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Mahapatra, Sushanta Kumar. Water governance: A historical understanding of Mahanadi river basin, Orissa. Chennai: Madras Institute of Development Studies, 2005.

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Nayak, Jayanti Mala. Risk sources and management strategies of farmers: Evidence from Mahanadi River Basin of Odisha In India. Bengaluru: Institute for Social and Economic Change, 2019.

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Abbasi, S. A. Environmental impact of water resources projects: With special reference to Krishna, Mahanadi, and Godavari river basins. New Delhi: Discovery Pub. House, 1991.

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Brick temples of river Mahanadi. New Delhi: India Today Travel Plus, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mahananda rivers"

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Singh, Raj K., and Moumita Das. "Mahanadi: The Great River." In Springer Hydrogeology, 309–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2984-4_25.

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Rana, Narendra Kumar. "Analysis of Mahananda River Basin Using Geospatial Data." In Springer Hydrogeology, 239–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2984-4_19.

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Nayak, P. C., Poonam Wagh, B. Venkatesh, T. Thomas, and Roshan Srivastav. "Statistical Downscaling of Precipitation for Mahanadi Basin in India—Prediction of Future Streamflows." In Modern River Science for Watershed Management, 281–307. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54704-1_15.

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Acharya, Pratik, Tushar Kumar Nath, and Ram Babu Nimma. "Sediment Rating Curve and Sediment Concentration Estimation for Mahanadi River." In Intelligent Systems, 95–104. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6081-5_9.

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Kar, Anil Kumar, Anil Kumar Lohani, N. K. Goel, and G. P. Roy. "Development of a Fuzzy Flood Forecasting Model for Downstream of Hirakud Reservoir of Mahanadi Basin, India." In River System Analysis and Management, 211–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1472-7_11.

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Das, Abhijeet. "Water Criteria Evaluation for Drinking Purposes in Mahanadi River Basin, Odisha." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 237–60. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1388-6_20.

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Sharma, Ashutosh, and Priyank J. Sharma. "Spatio-Temporal Changes in the Streamflow Regimes Across Mahanadi River Basin." In Climate Change Impact on Water Resources, 141–55. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8524-9_12.

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Sahu, Jiteshwari, Manish Kumar Sinha, Nikhil Ghodichore, and Surykant Dewangan. "Study River Dynamics: Backwater Effect in the Upstream of Kelo Dam in Mahanadi River, Chhattisgarh, India." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 75–89. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1227-4_6.

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Ghosh, Arnab, Malabika Biswas Roy, and Pankaj Kumar Roy. "Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using the Frequency Ratio (FR) Model in the Mahananda River Basin, West Bengal, India." In Springer Climate, 73–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94395-0_3.

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Mitra, Suman, Mehebub Mondal, Khusbu Khatoon, Susmita Oraon, and Lakpa Tamang. "Assessing Human Control on Planform Modification over Floods: A Study of Lower Mahananda–Balason River System, India." In Springer Geography, 127–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21086-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mahananda rivers"

1

Samal, Pujarini, S. R. Singarasubramanian, Jyoti Srivastava, Manoj M C, Balakrishna Keshava, Nishitha D'Souza, Mohd Chauhan, and Sajid Ali. "Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human risk in the Mahanadi River sediments, India." In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.13942.

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Das, Abhijeet, Anuj Goya, and Atul Soni. "Use of water quality indices and its evaluation to verify the impact of Mahanadi river basin, Odisha." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUTURISTIC AND SUSTAINABLE ASPECTS IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY: FSAET-2021. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0153903.

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Das, Abhijeet. "Assessing Surface Water Quality for Drinking Water Supply using Hybrid GIS-Based Water Quality Index (WQI) in Mahanadi River Basin (MRB), Odisha, India." In 2nd International Conference on Modern Trends in Engineering Technology and Management. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.160.1.

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Surface water is an important source for drinking water supply in Mahanadi Basin, Odisha. The research was done to evaluate the water quality, that serves as the source of domestic water supply to many cities. Samples of water were taken from nineteen important sampling areas for a period of 2010-2023 and twenty water quality parameters were examined to determine the WQI, followed by Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) evaluation. Employing the Weighted Arithmetic (WA) Water Quality Index (WQI) and Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) WQI, this study finds areas where cumulative variables, such as sewage discharge, a falling water table, dilution, and surface runoff, that tends to cause water quality variations in a water body, over a given monitoring period, have had the greatest impact. The WA WQI and SWARA WQI in the study area ranges from 23.78 to 96.09 and 14.6 to 1065.2, respectively. Also, the river water ranged from excellent to very poor, encompassing excellent for approximately 15.8%, good for 68.4%, poor for 10.5% and very poor for 5.3% in case of WA WQI. While the general water quality, as per SWARA-WQI, it varied from excellent to extremely poor, comprising 84.21% excellent, 10.53% poor and 5.26% for extremely poor category. The overall WQI in the study area indicates that the surface water is safe and potable except few localized pockets in SP-(8), (9) and (19) blocks. The cause could be attributed to anthropogenic sources such as domestic sewage and agricultural runoff altered a few parameters– e.g., TKN and TC. Based on geostatistical results, Gaussian model produce a more accurate assessment as per nugget/sill ratio, ASE and RMSE. To delineate the feasible regions for drinking practices, MCDM models such as Compromise Programming (CP), Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA), and Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo), were adopted. Finally, the results demonstrated that WQI generated using both indexing strategies matched the outcomes of MCDM models. To sum up, it is advantageous and gives a clear image of water quality to combine physicochemical properties, WQIs, MCDM, and GIS technologies to evaluate surface water suitability for drinking and their controlling variables.
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