Journal articles on the topic 'Magnitudo di coda'

Pada Jumat, 28 September 2018, pukul 17.02.44 WIB terjadi gempabumi yang berpotensi tsunami di daerah Donggala. BMKG mengeluarkan parameter gempabumi dengan magnitudo 7.7, lokasi 0.18 LS dan 119.85BT atau 26 km dari Utara Donggala. Gempabumi dengan kedalaman 10 km tersebut terjadi dengan mekanisme sesar mendatar akibat aktivitas sesar Palu-Koro dan diikuti oleh ratusan gempabumi susulan. Sesar Palu-Koro melintang dari Selat Makasar sampai pantai utara Teluk Bone memotong jantung kota Palu hingga ke sungai Lariang, Donggala. Studi ini akan merelokasi hiposenter gempabumi Donggala beserta gempabumi pendahulu dan susulannya menggunakan metode hypoRelocate. Relokasi ini menggunakan waktu tempuh mutlak dari 599 gempabumi, beda waktu tempuh relatif dari 2.492 pasangan gempabumi dan waktu dari 11 tumpukan coda cross-correlogram untuk selanjutnya diinversi dengan simulated annealing. Metode ini memiliki kelebihan berupa berupa pengurangan ketergantungan hasil relokasi pada lokasi absolut katalog dengan menyisir waktu tempuh mutlak, pembatasan jarak relatif antargempabumi dengan menggunakan perbedaan waktu tempuh dan koreksi jarak antargempabumi berdasarkan tumpukan coda cross-correlogram. Hasil relokasi menunjukan episenter gempabumi lebih mengumpul atau terfokus daripada posisi awal dan membentuk kluster yang berwujud sebuah bidang dengan luas sekitar 250 km × 85 km. Sebagian besar episenter setelah direlokasi bergeser dengan jarak 15‒20 km dan perubahan kedalaman gempabumi dominan kurang dari 10 km. Arah pergeseran episenter tersebar merata secara acak namun arah barat lebih sedikit dominan. Relokasi menggunakan hypoRelocate menunjukkan peningkatan kualitas yang cukup baik dengan turunnya nilai total residual setelah relokasi. Hasil validasi relokasi hypoRelocate dengan peta citra satelit ALOS-2 mode ScanSAR dan ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 menunjukan bahwa hasil relokasi berada pada bidang sesar akibat gempabumi.

AbstrakPerencanaan struktur bangunan gedung tahan gempa sangat penting di Indonesia, mengingat sebagian besar wilayahnya terletak dalam wilayah gempa dengan intensitas moderat hingga tinggi. SNI gempa telah mengalami banyak perubahan dari waktu ke waktu. Semenjak diterbitkannya peraturan gempa Indonesia SNI 03-1726-2012, Indonesia telah mengalami beberapa kejadian gempa yang amat besar antara lain seperti gempa Mentawai pada tahun 2016 dengan kekuatan 7,8 magnitudo, gempa Lombok 2018 dengan kekuatan 7,0 magnitudo, gempa Palu 2018 dengan kekuatan 7,4 Magnitudo, dan gempa-gempa lainnya, sehingga standar peraturan gempa di Indonesia mengalami pembaharuan menjadi SNI 03-1726-2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh gaya gempa berdasarkan peraturan SNI 03-1726-2012 dan SNI 03-1726-2019 dengan meninjau besar gaya geser dasar, simpangan dan simpangan antar lantai. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan gaya geser dasar yang terjadi adalah sebesar 47% untuk arah Y dan 69% untuk arah X, perbandingan simpangan maksimum yang terjadi sebesar 1.17% untuk arah X dan 0.92% untuk arah Y, serta peningkatan simpangan antar lantai maksimum terjadi sebesar 0.6-1.2%. AbstractThe design of earthquake resistant building structure is very important in Indonesia, considering that most of the area is located in eartquakes areas with moderate to high intensity. Indonesian Code for earthquake has undergone many changes from time to time. Since Indonesian earthquake code SNI 03-1726-2013 has been published, Indonesia has experienced several large earthquakes, such as Mentawai eatchquake with magnitude of 7.8 in 2016, Lombok earthquake with magnitude of 7.0 in 2018, Palu earhquake with magnitude of 7.0 and 7.4 in 2018 and others, so that the earthquake code in Indonesia has been updated to SNI 03-1726-2019. This study aims to determine the effect of earthquake load based on SNI 03-1726-2019 and SNI 03-1726-2012 by observing the base-shear forces, drift and story drift. The result show that the differences of base shear forces are 47% for Y direction and 69% for X-direction, the maximum drift differences are 1.17% for X direction and 0.92% for Y direction, the increase percentage of story drift is 0.6-1.2%.

Beberapa metode ekstraksi fitur untuk sistem identifikasi pembicara memiliki kelemahan yaitu ketika dilingkungan berderau hasil akurasinya menurun. Metode ekstraksi fitur Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) merupakan metode ekstraksi sinyal suara yang peka terhadap derau. Metode MFCC menghasilkan akurasi yang tinggi ketika dilingkungan yang bersih. Sebaliknya ketika di lingkungan yang berderau akurasi yang dihasilkan turun drastis. Penelitian ini mengusulkan metode ekstraksi fitur menggunakan MFCC digabung dengan algoritma deteksi endpoint. Algoritma deteksi endpoint memisahkan daerah speech dan nonspeech. Daerah nonspeech biasanya lebih banyak berisi derau sehingga bisa dijadikan informasi derau. Informasi derau diekstrak dan menghasilkan magnitude frekuensi derau. Uji coba metode yang diusulkan menghasilkan nilai akurasi yang lebih tinggi pada semua tipe derau dan tingkat SNR. Akurasi yang dihasilkan oleh metode yang diusulkan lebih tinggi 14.69% dibanding metode MFCC, 6.4% dibanding metode MFCC+wiener, dan 2.74% dibanding metode MFCC+Spectral Subtraction (SS).

In this paper, a drive-by damage detection methodology for high-speed railway (HSR) bridges is addressed, to appraise the application of Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) to extract the Damage Index (DI). A finite element (FEM) 2D VTBI model that incorporates the train, ballasted track and bridge behavior is presented. The formulation includes track irregularities and a damaged condition induced in a specified structure region. The feasibility of applying cepstrum analysis components to the indirect damage detection in HSR by on-board sensors is evaluated by numerical simulations, in which dynamic analyses are performed through a code implemented in MATLAB. Different damage scenarios are simulated, as well as external excitations such as measurement noises and different levels of track irregularities. The results show that MFCC-based DI are highly sensitive regarding damage detection, and robust to the noise. Bridge stiffness can be recognized satisfactorily at high speeds and under different levels of track irregularities. Moreover, the magnitude of DI extracted from MFCC is related to the relative severity of the damage. The results presented in this study should be seen as a first attempt to link cepstrum-based features in an HSR drive-by damage detection approach.

Abstract Local tri-directional pattern (LtriDP) is a method of extracting local intensity features from each pixel based on direction. However, this method has not been able to provide good performance in extracting features for image retrieval. One reason that makes image retrieval performance worse is the effect of lighting. Lighting can cause large variations between images. This study proposed utilization of Histogram Equalization (HE). Histogram equalization is a functional method of stretching gray degrees and expanding image contrast. This will make variations in the gray level of the original image can be controlled. There are several main stages in this study, firstly query image and image dataset will be preprocessed with histogram equalization. After that, the image is extracted by a tri-directional pattern and magnitude pattern are searched. A tri-directional pattern will produce two histograms, while a magnitude pattern produces one histogram. The three histograms are combined or joint histogram is performed. Histogram that has been joint is a feature vector. The feature vector will be calculated using a similarity measurement Canberra. After that, an image similar to the query image will be obtained. The experiment was conducted using 3 face datasets namely ORL, BERN, and YALE. The average recall value was 0.422 for the ORL dataset, 0.50 for the BERN dataset, and 0.63 for the YALE dataset. The evaluation show, the proposed method can be used as a process of improving the quality of image datasets in the image retrieval system. Keywords: Image retrieval system, Local tri-directional pattern, Streching Image, Histogram Equalization, Similarity Measurement Canberra. Abstrak Local tri-directional pattern (LtriDP) merupakan salah satu metode ekstraksi fitur intensitas lokal dari setiap piksel berdasarkan arah. Namun, metode ini belum mampu memberikan performa yang baik dalam mengekstrak fitur untuk temu kembali citra. Salah satu alasan yang membuat performa temu kembali citra tidak baik adalah pengaruh pencahayaan. Pencahayaan dapat menyebabkan variasi besar antar citra. Penelitian ini mengusulkan pemanfaatan Histogram Equalization (HE). HE merupakan metode fungsional dalam peregangan derajat keabuan dan memperluas kontras citra. Hal ini akan membuat variasi level keabuan dari citra asli dapat terkendali. Ada beberapa tahapan utama dalam penelitian ini, yang pertama citra query dan citra dataset akan terlebih dahulu di preprocessing dengan histogram equalization. Setelah itu, citra tersebut diekstrak fiturnya, dicari pola tri-directional dan pola magnitude. Pola tri-directional akan menghasilkan dua histogram, sedangkan pola magnitude menghasilkan satu histogram. Ketiga histogram tersebut kemudian disatukan atau dilakukan joint histogram. Histogram yang telah dijoint merupakan vektor fitur. Vektor fitur tersebut akan dihitung rankingnya menggunakan pengukuran jarak canberra. Setelah itu, akan didapatkan citra yang mirip dengan citra query. Uji coba dilakukan dengan menggunakan 3 dataset wajah yaitu ORL, BERN, dan YALE. Nilai rata-rata recall yang di dapatkan 0,422 untuk dataset ORL, 0,50 untuk dataset BERN, dan 0,63 untuk dataset YALE. Dari hasil evaluasi tersebut, dapat disimpulkan metode yang diusulkan dapat digunakan sebagai proses peningkatan kualitas dataset citra pada system temu kembali citra. Keywords: Sistem Temu Kembali Citra, Local tri-directional pattern, Peregangan Kontras, Histogram Equalization, Perhitungan Jarak Canberra.

ABSTRACTThis research is based on the magnitude of children's interest in smartphone until they ignore to study. Most children who play smartphone are only for watching videos and playing games which are attractive to them. Therefore, the researcher designed an educative game Android-based application so they can play smartphone by not ignoring the development of reading skill. The purpose of this research is to describe the design of development, appropriateness, and product testing.This research uses the Design Based Research (DBR) method developed by Reeves. Data collection is done by observation, expert judgment, and documentation techniques. The setting and subject of this research are 6 kindergarten children in group B Nyimas Oyoh Kindergarten and 2 children from the researcher’s home. The Educative game android-based application development uses Adobe Flash Player for the main software. After validating, phase I trial, revision, and phase II trial, this educative game is appropriate to be used to facilitate reading skill of children aged 5-6 years.The research produced product that is an educative game learning with Uvi in application installed at smartphone with a minimum version of Jelly Bean, and a guide book on educative game learning with Uvi. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena besarnya ketertarikan anak pada smartphone sehingga mengabaikan belajar. Kebanyakan anak yg bermain smartphone hanya untuk menonton video-video dan bermain permainan yang menarik bagi anak. Oleh karena itu, peneliti merancang educative game berbasis aplikasi android agar anak dapat bermain smartphone dengan tidak mengabaikan perkembangan keterampilan membacanya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan rancangan pengembangan, kelayakan, dan uji coba produk. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Design Based Research (DBR) yang dikembangkan oleh Reeves. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, expert judgment, dan dokumentasi. Setting dan subjek penelitian ini adalah 6 orang anak kelompok B TK Nyimas Oyoh dan 2 orang anak dari lingkungan rumah. Pengembangan Educative game berbasis aplikasi android ini menggunakan Adobe Flash Player sebagai software utamanya. Setelah melakukan validasi, uji coba tahap I, revisi, dan uji coba tahap II, educative game ini layak digunakan dalam memfasilitasi keterampilan membaca anak usia 5-6 tahun. Penelitian ini menghasilkan produk berupa educative game belajar Bersama Uvi dalam bentuk aplikasi yang dapat digunakan di perangkat keras berupa smartphone dengan versi minimal Jelly Bean, dan buku panduan penggunaan educative game belajar bersama Uvi.

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya hubungan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa Dengan Hasil Belajar PAK Di Kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Sumbul Kabupaten Dairi Tahun Pembelajaran 2020/2021, dengan hipotesis terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara Kepercayaan Diri Siswa Dengan Hasil Belajar PAK Di Kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Sumbul Kabupaten Dairi Tahun Pembelajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif inferensial, dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Sumbul yang berjumlah 86 orang dengan sampel berjumlah 65 orang. Data dikumpulkan dengan angket tertutup sebanyak 31 item yang disusun oleh penulis berdasarkan indikator variabel sesuai teori ahli. Uji coba angket dilakukan kepada 21 siswa yang bukan responden penelitian, dan telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara Kepercayaan Diri Siswa Dengan Hasil Belajar PAK Di Kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Sumbul Kabupaten Dairi Tahun Pembelajaran 2020/2021 dengan koefisien korelasi rhitung rtabel atau 0,612 0,244 dan uji signifikan hubungan diperoleh thitungttabel sebesar 6,148 2,000, dengan demikiandapat disimpulkan Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima .Katakunci : Hasil belajar, Kepercayaan diri Abstract This study aims to determine the magnitude of the relationship between Student Confidence and PAK Learning Outcomes in Class VII Sumbul, Dairi District, 2020/2021 Learning Year, with the hypothesis that there is a positive and significant relationship between Student Confidence and PAK Learning Outcomes in Class VII SMP Negeri 4 Sumbul Regency. Dairi Academic Year 2020/2021. This study used an inferential descriptive quantitative approach, with a population of all students of class VII SMP Negeri 4 Sumbul, totaling 86 people with a sample of 65 people. Data were collected using a closed questionnaire of 31 items compiled by the author based on variable indicators according to expert theory. Questionnaire trials were conducted on 21 students who were not research respondents, and had tested their validity and reliability. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant relationship between Student Confidence and PAK Learning Outcomes in Class VII SMP Negeri 4 Sumbul Dairi Regency 2020/2021 Learning Year with a correlation coefficient r count r table or 0.612 0.244 and a significant correlation test is obtained t count t table of 6, 148 2,000, thus it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted.Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Self-Confidence

Abstract. The Italian earthquake waveform data are collected here in a dataset suited for machine learning analysis (ML) applications. The dataset consists of nearly 1.2 million three-component (3C) waveform traces from about 50 000 earthquakes and more than 130 000 noise 3C waveform traces, for a total of about 43 000 h of data and an average of 21 3C traces provided per event. The earthquake list is based on the Italian Seismic Bulletin (http://terremoti.ingv.it/bsi, last access: 15 February 2020​​​​​​​) of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia between January 2005 and January 2020, and it includes events in the magnitude range between 0.0 and 6.5. The waveform data have been recorded primarily by the Italian National Seismic Network (network code IV) and include both weak- (HH, EH channels) and strong-motion (HN channels) recordings. All the waveform traces have a length of 120 s, are sampled at 100 Hz, and are provided both in counts and ground motion physical units after deconvolution of the instrument transfer functions. The waveform dataset is accompanied by metadata consisting of more than 100 parameters providing comprehensive information on the earthquake source, the recording stations, the trace features, and other derived quantities. This rich set of metadata allows the users to target the data selection for their own purposes. Much of these metadata can be used as labels in ML analysis or for other studies. The dataset, assembled in HDF5 format, is available at http://doi.org/10.13127/instance (Michelini et al., 2021).

Seismic status in Bangladesh has been investigated using earthquake data recorded by the global network of USGS during 1980 to 2016. Seismicity parameters such as magnitude completeness Mc, b-value and a-value are being estimated. It has observed that the overall b-value in and around Bangladesh is of 0.84 which is seemed to be seismically active zone. As, reliable b-value assessment can lead to better seismic hazard analysis, reliable magnitude of completeness Mc can lead to b-value assessment of an area, this work has dealt and estimated magnitude of completeness Mc using various techniques for the whole region for a reliable estimation. Estimated Mc is obtained to be around 3.9-4.7, which lead to b-value of 0.93. Spatial variations of Mc and b-value have been investigated for 1ox1o horizontal and vertical rectangular regions for the study area between 18-29°N and 84-95°E. Estimated Mc and b-value along with b-value are then averaged for the common regions in the pair of horizontal and vertical regions. Results are then being presented in the form of maps. The findings resemble as, the Mc is low at the border line of N-W Bangladesh, and a line from Cox’s bazaar to Sylhet through Hill tracts. Remain parts belong to the Mc value of 4.1-4.2, thus the b-value obtained is varying from 0.68 to 1.2, where, the value is higher at region in Chittagong and Barisal division that extends toward north through part of Dhaka to Sylhet and lower at Rajshahi, Rangpur and part of Khulna division, while a-value is varying from 5.0 to 7.2 mostly from west to east.ReferencesAbercrombie R.E., and Brune J.N., 1994. Evidence for a constant b-value above magnitude 0 in the southern San Andreas, San Jacinto, and San Miguel fault zones and at the Long Valley caldera, California. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(15), 1647-1650.Aki K., 1965. 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Inadvertent changes in magnitude reported in earthquake catalogs: Their evaluation through b-value estimates. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 85, 1858-1866..Zuniga F.R., and Wiemer S., 1999. Seismicity patterns: Are they always related to natural causes? Pure Appl. Geophys., 155(2), 713-726.

Learning in the 21st century requires students to have skills, knowledge and abilities in the fields of technology, media and information. This research is a development research that aims to see the magnitude of the increase in student learning outcomes who are taught using Prezi-based learning media with the ASSURE model. This development research has produced a product in the form of Prezi-based learning media that has been validated by experts and users. Learning resources are designed according to student characteristics and based on user needs analysis. The results of content validation in the field of study for Prezi media are 96 percent, in the very appropriate category, 98 percent in learning design experts in the very appropriate category, linguists 94 percent in the very appropriate category. Educator user test of 80 percent product is very feasible. The average small group learning outcomes for the pre-test was 48.50, while the post-test was 83.50. In the field test, the average learning outcomes for the pre-test were 47.14 while the post-test was 85.71. So it can be concluded that there was an increase in learning outcomes in the small group by 72.2 percent with high qualifications and in the field trial an increase in learning outcomes by 82 percent with very high qualifications. The conclusion from the research and development of Prezi-based learning media is feasible to use and proven to improve student learning outcomes. Recommendations made based on the results of this study are the use of technology-based media so as to improve student learning outcomes. Pembelajaran di abad 21 menuntut siswa untuk memiliki keterampilan, pengetahuan dan kemampuan di bidang teknologi, media dan informasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk melihat besarnya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa yang diajar menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis Prezi dengan model ASSURE. Penelitian pengembangan ini telah menghasilkan produk berupa media pembelajaran berbasis Prezi yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli dan pengguna. Sumber belajar dirancang sesuai dengan karakteristik siswa dan berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan pengguna. Hasil validasi isi bidang kajian untuk media Prezi adalah 96 persen, pada kategori sangat sesuai, ahli desain pembelajaran 98 persen pada kategori sangat sesuai, ahli bahasa 94 persen pada kategori sangat sesuai. Uji pengguna pendidik produk 80 persen sangat layak. Rata-rata hasil belajar kelompok kecil untuk pre-test adalah 48,50, sedangkan post-test adalah 83,50. Pada uji lapangan rata-rata hasil belajar pre-test 47,14 sedangkan post-test 85,71. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar pada kelompok kecil sebesar 72,2 persen dengan kualifikasi tinggi dan pada uji coba lapangan terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar sebesar 82 persen dengan kualifikasi sangat tinggi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian dan pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis Prezi layak digunakan dan terbukti dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Rekomendasi yang dibuat berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini adalah penggunaan media berbasis teknologi sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.

Pengaruh Disiplin Rohani Keluarga Kristen terhadap Tingkah Laku Anak Usia 10-11 Tahun Pada Jemaat Gereja HKBP Paronan Nagodang Ressort Laguboti Tahun 2020.Novita SimbolonInstitut Agama Kristen Negeri (IAKN) Tarutungnsimbolon054@gmail.comAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh disiplin rohani keluarga Kristen terhadap tingkah laku anak usia 10-11 Tahun Pada Jemaat gereja HKBP Paronan Nagodang Ressort Laguboti Tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian Sampel dengan jumlah sampel 31 orang. Uji coba dilakukan kepada 31 responden di luar sampel, yaitu di Gereja HKBP Paronan Nagodang Ressort Laguboti. Uji validitas instrument dengan menggunakan rumus koefisien korelasi product moment Pearson diperoleh semua angket valid.Dari hasil uji signifikan hubungan, diperoleh bahwa yaitu dengan demikian dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variable X dan Variabel Y yaitu hubungan yang signifikan antara Disiplin Rohani Keluarga Kristen dengan Tingkah Laku Anak Usia 10-11 Tahun. Dari uji koefisien determinasi diperoleh dari nilai determinasi ( dapat diketahui persentase pengaruh Disiplin Rohani Keluarga Kristen terhadap Tingkah Laku anak Usia 10-11 Tahun Pada Jemaat Gereja HKBP Paronan Nagodang Ressort Laguboti Tahun 2020 adalah : %. Dari hasil hipotesa diperoleh nilai sebesar 65,64 dan jika dikonsultasikan dengan =65,64, maka yaitu 65,64 4,17.. Maka dari ketentuan tersebut ditolak dan diterima yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara Disiplin Rohani Keluarga Kristen terhadap Tingkah Laku anak Usia 10-11 Tahun Pada Jemaat Gereja HKBP Paronan Nagodang Ressort Laguboti Tahun 2020.Kata Kunci : Disiplin Rohani, Tingkah Laku Anak Usia 10-11 Tahun.The Effect of Christian Family Spiritual Discipline on the Behavior of Children Aged 10-11 Years Old in the HKBP Paronan Nagodang Ressort Laguboti Church in 2020.Abstract This study aims to determine the magnitude of the influence of Christian family spiritual discipline on the behavior of children aged 10-11 years at the HKBP Paronan Nagodang Ressort Laguboti church in 2020. This study used a sample study with a sample size of 31 people. The trial was carried out on 31 respondents outside the sample, namely in the HKBP Paronan Nagodang Ressort Laguboti Church. Test the validity of the instrument using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient formula. All questionnaires are valid. From the results of the significant relationship test, it is found that there is a significant relationship between the X variable and the Y variable, namely a significant relationship between the Spiritual Discipline of the Christian Family and the Behavior of Children aged 10-11 Years. From the test of the coefficient of determination obtained from the value of determination (it can be seen that the percentage of the influence of the Spiritual Discipline of the Christian Family on the Behavior of Children aged 10-11 Years in the HKBP Paronan Nagodang Ressort Laguboti Church in 2020 is:%. From the results of the hypothesis a value of 65.64 is obtained and if it is consulted with = 65.64, it is 65.64 4.17. Therefore, this provision is rejected and accepted, namely that there is a positive and significant influence between the Spiritual Discipline of the Christian Family on behavior. The behavior of children aged 10-11 years at the HKBP Paronan Nagodang Ressort Laguboti Church congregation in 2020.Keywords: Spiritual Discipline, Behavior of Children aged 10-11 Years.

Abstract. The lack of long and reliable time series of solar spectral irradiance (SSI) measurements makes an accurate quantification of solar contributions to recent climate change difficult. Whereas earlier SSI observations and models provided a qualitatively consistent picture of the SSI variability, recent measurements by the SORCE (SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment) satellite suggest a significantly stronger variability in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral range and changes in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) bands in anti-phase with the solar cycle. A number of recent chemistry-climate model (CCM) simulations have shown that this might have significant implications on the Earth's atmosphere. Motivated by these results, we summarize here our current knowledge of SSI variability and its impact on Earth's climate. We present a detailed overview of existing SSI measurements and provide thorough comparison of models available to date. SSI changes influence the Earth's atmosphere, both directly, through changes in shortwave (SW) heating and therefore, temperature and ozone distributions in the stratosphere, and indirectly, through dynamical feedbacks. We investigate these direct and indirect effects using several state-of-the art CCM simulations forced with measured and modelled SSI changes. A unique asset of this study is the use of a common comprehensive approach for an issue that is usually addressed separately by different communities. We show that the SORCE measurements are difficult to reconcile with earlier observations and with SSI models. Of the five SSI models discussed here, specifically NRLSSI (Naval Research Laboratory Solar Spectral Irradiance), SATIRE-S (Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstructions for the Satellite era), COSI (COde for Solar Irradiance), SRPM (Solar Radiation Physical Modelling), and OAR (Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma), only one shows a behaviour of the UV and visible irradiance qualitatively resembling that of the recent SORCE measurements. However, the integral of the SSI computed with this model over the entire spectral range does not reproduce the measured cyclical changes of the total solar irradiance, which is an essential requisite for realistic evaluations of solar effects on the Earth's climate in CCMs. We show that within the range provided by the recent SSI observations and semi-empirical models discussed here, the NRLSSI model and SORCE observations represent the lower and upper limits in the magnitude of the SSI solar cycle variation. The results of the CCM simulations, forced with the SSI solar cycle variations estimated from the NRLSSI model and from SORCE measurements, show that the direct solar response in the stratosphere is larger for the SORCE than for the NRLSSI data. Correspondingly, larger UV forcing also leads to a larger surface response. Finally, we discuss the reliability of the available data and we propose additional coordinated work, first to build composite SSI data sets out of scattered observations and to refine current SSI models, and second, to run coordinated CCM experiments.

AbstractThe era of the introduction of free markets and free competition has changed the direction of business, trade and service transaction activities which previously shifted to electronic and online media known as E-Commerse. This has taken a lot of time, both in terms of efficiency over a wide range. However, the frequency of disputes is also violated. Disputes that occur can lead out of non-litigation (outside the Court) or are often called Alternative Dispute Resolution (APS). Unfortunately, the obligation of the disputing parties directly in the implementation of conventional APS is certainly difficult. So that we need a solution that can be done quickly, cheaply and effectively without hindering the business activities of the parties. One of the breakthroughs is using the online APS model or known as the Online Dispute Resolution (ODR). The magnitude of the potential for e-commerce disputes over several parts. In the Market Place itself, the factors that cause disputes between sellers and buyers in electronic transactions include: a) inappropriate quality of goods; b) the information provided is scanty, c) unsuitable goods, d) fraud. B) Tax (cybertax), C) Audit trail D) There is no global law that regulates the internet E) Privacy 2) Potential disputes The ODR concept is regulated in detail and firmly, but that does not mean it cannot be regulated in Indonesia, because Indonesia provides freedom to contract and choose the dispute resolution forum. This can be seen in Article 1338 of the Civil Code and in Article 18 of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Regarding the implementation of online mediation, it is contained in the rules of Article 5 paragraph (3) PERMA No. 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Courts. Meanwhile, the loophole for conducting online arbitration can be seen from the provisions of Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution Article 4 paragraph (3). Electronic documents and the validity of documents and electronic signatures have been regulated in Article 5 of the ITE Law.Keywords: ODS Review, Methods, Dispute Resolution AbstrakDimulainya era pasar bebas dan persaingan bebas telah merubah arah aktifitas transaksi bisnis, dagang, jasa yang sebelumnya konvensional beralih ke media elektronik maupun online yang dikenal dengan E-Commerse . Hal ini telah membawa banyak kemudahan, baik dari segi efisiensi waktu dalam jangakauan yang luas . Namun hal ini juga memicu meningkatnya frekuensi sengketa. Sengketa yang terjadi dapat diselesaikan melalui mekanisme nonlitigasi (diluar Pengadilan) atau sering disebut Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (APS). Sayangnya keharusan para pihak yang bersengketa untuk bertemu secara langsung dalam pelaksanaan APS konvensional tentu menyulitkan. Sehingga diperlukan sebuah metode penyelesaian sengketa yang dapat dilakukan dengan cepat, murah dan efektif tanpa menghambat kegiatan bisnis para pihak. Salah satu terobosannya dengan menggunakan model APS online atau dikenal dengan istilah Online Dispute Resolution (ODR). Besarnya potensi sengketa e-commerse terjadi atas beberapa bagian. Didalam Market place sendiri faktor-faktor yang sering menyebabkan sengketa antara penjual dan pembeli dalam transaksi elektronik, antara lain: a)kualitas barang yang tidak sesuai; b) informasi yang diberikan sedikit, c) barang tidak sesuai, d) penipuan. B) Pajak (cybertax), C) Audit trail D)Belum ada undang-undang global yang mengatur internet E)Privacy 2)Potensi sengketa Konsep ODR memang belum diatur secara rinci dan tegas, namun bukan berarti tidak dapat diperlakukan di Indonesia, karena Indonesia memberikan kebebasan berkontrak dan memilih forum penyelesaian sengketanya. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada Pasal 1338 KUH Perdata dan pada Pasal 18 Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Mengenai pelaksanaan mediasi online terdapat dalam aturan Pasal 5 ayat (3) PERMA No. 1 tahun 2016 tentang Prosedur Mediasi di Pengadilan. Sedangkan celah untuk melakukan arbitrase online dapat dilihat dari ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 Tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Pasal 4 ayat (3). Dokumen elektronik dan sahnya suatu dokumen serta tanda tangan elektronik, telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang ITE Pasal 5

Disiplin belajar dapat dilihat dari ketaatan (kepatuhan) peserta didik terhadap aturan (tata tertib) yang berkaitan dengan kegitan belajar mengajar di sekolah, yang meliputi waktu masuk dan keluar sekolah, kepatuhan peserta didik dalam berpakaian, kepatuhan peserta didik dalam mengikuti kegiatan sekolah. Disiplin belajar tidak timbul dengan sendirinya, akan tetapi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya yaitu faktor lingkungan sekolah dari kepemimpinan guru karena apabila kepemimpinan baik, maka akan berpengaruh terhadap perbuatan yang positif dan begitu pula sebaliknya, seperti halnya kepemimpinan dan disiplin belajar peserta didik di MTS Tarbiyatul Huda Pancawati Bogor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepemimpinan guru, tingkat disiplin belajar dan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh kepemimpinan guru terhadap disiplin belajar peserta didik.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian yaitu peserta didik kelas VII DAN VIII MTS Tarbiyatul Huda Pancawati Bogor yang terdiri dari 2 kelas yang berjumlah 133 peserta didik. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 58 peserta didik yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik Proporsional Random Sampling. Variabel penelitian meliputi kepemimpinan guru sebagai variabel bebas dan disiplin belajar sebagai variabel terikat. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, angket dan dokumentasi. Uji prasyarat analisis menunjukkan bahwa data berdistribusi normal dan linear sehingga teknik pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara kepemimpinan guru terhadap disiplin belajar peserta didik. Hal ini diperoleh melalui perhitungan analisis uji t yang menghasilkan thitung (117,884) > ttabel (1,672) maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima artinya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kepemimpinan guru terhadap disiplin belajar peserta didik. Besarnya sumbangan pengaruh yang diberikan variabel X (Kepemimpinan Guru) terhadap variabel Y (Disiplin Belajar) adalah 99,6% sedangkan 0,04% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian. Bertitik tolak pada hasil penelitian, maka semua pihak baik guru dan orang tua hendaknya memperhatikan dan meningkatkan kepemimpinan dan bimbingan kepada peserta didik sehingga peserta didik dapat mencapai prestasi belajar yang diharapkan.Kata kunci: disiplin belajar peserta didik, kepemimpinan guru.THE EFFECT OF TEACHER LEADERSHIP ON LEARNING DISCIPLINE OF STUDENTSAbstractThe Effect of Teacher Leadership on Learning Discipline of students in MTS Tarbiyatul Huda Bogor. The discipline of learning from the adherence (compliance) learners against the rules (code of counduct) related to the teaching and learning activitis in schools, which include the time in and out of school, the students dressed in compliance, compliance learners in the following activities of the school. The discipline of learning does not arise by several factors, one of which, namely environmental factors of school teacher’s leadership because when good leadership, it will be a positive effect on the deed and vice versa, as well as leadership and discipline the learners learn in MTS Tarbiyatul Huda Pancawati Bogor this research aims to know the level of teacher’s leadership, the level of discipline of study and to find out whether or not there is the effect of teacher’s leadership against the didiscipline of learning to learners. This research is quantitative research. The population in the study i.e learners class VII and VIII MTS Tarbiyatul Huda Pancawati Bogor. Which consists of 2 classes that amounted to 133 students. Sampel research as much as 58 leaners in specified using proportional random sampling. Variabel research include leadership of a teacher as free variable, and the variable learning as related disciplines. Using data collection techniques of observation, interview, question form, and documentation. Tes prasyrat analiysis of the date indicates that the Gaussian and linear hypothesis testing techniqus so that using simple regression. This study showed that: the existence of significant influence among the leadership of teacher against a disciplined learning through calculation analysis test T which yields thitung (117,884) > ttabel (1,672). Then the H0 is rejected and accepted H1 there is influence significant techer leadership against disciplined learning learners. The magnitude of contribution of the influence of the variabel X (teacher’s leadership) against the variabel Y (study discipline) is 99,6% Whereas 13.6% are influenced by other factors not addressed in the study starting on the dotted research result, then all parties both teachers and parents should improve leadership and guidance to the students so that students can achieve the expected learning achiements.

Abstract. Mobile payment payment methods are increasing along with the increasing use of electronic money, a popular payment method is the QR Code payment system. The use of the existing QR Code is considered inefficient because it can only be accessed by one payment application and is a closed loop that only allows electronic money users to transact at merchants who can only use 1 PJSP. Seeing these problems, Bank Indonesia made an innovation in the QR Code payment model, namely the launch of the Indonesian Standard (QRIS) Quick Response Code payment system. QRIS is a national standardized payment system that can be accessed by all types of payment applications. This study aims to determine the public's preference or interest in the implementation of QRIS as a digital payment transaction tool. This research analysis method uses quantitative methods with a descriptive approach. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling or a purposive sample, as many as 102 respondents were users of a QR Code-based digital payment system. This study uses primary and secondary data. The measurement scale used is the Likert scale. Based on the results of the regression, it was concluded that the acceptability & cognizability, elasticity of supply, portability, divisibility, and scarcity factors had a significant influence on the decision to use QRIS, while the other factors obtained. The magnitude of the influence of these factors is able to give an influence of 40.1% on the decision to use QRIS for transactions. Abstrak. Metode pembayaran mobile payment semakin meningkat seiring meningkatnya penggunaan uang elektronik, metode pembayaran yang populer yaitu sistem pembayaran QR Code. Penggunaannya QR Code yang sudah ada dinilai kurang efisien karena hanya dapat diakses oleh satu aplikasi pembayaran dan bersifat closed loop yang hanya memungkinkan pengguna uang elektronik bertransaksi di merchant yang hanya bisa menggunakan 1 PJSP. Melihat permasalahan tersebut Bank Indonesia membuat inovasi dalam model pembayaran QR Code yaitu diluncurkannya sistem pembayaran Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS). QRIS merupakan sistem pembayaran berstandarisasi nasional yang dapat diakses oleh seluruh jenis aplikasi pembayaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui preferensi atau minat masyarakat terhadap pemberlakuan QRIS sebagai alat transaksi pembayaran digital. Metode analisis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik penentuan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling atau sampel bertujuan, yaitu sebanyak 102 orang responden pengguna sistem pembayaran digital berbasis QR Code. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Skala pengukuran yang digunakan yaitu skala Likert. Berdasarkan hasil regresi diperoleh kesimpulan yaitu pada faktor acceptability & cognizability, elasticity of supply, portability, divisibility, dan scarcity memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan penggunaan QRIS, sedangkan faktor lainnya diperoleh hasil berpengaruh tidak signifikan. Besaran pengaruh dari faktor tersebut mampu memberikan pengaruh sebesar 40,1% terhadap keputusan penggunaan QRIS untuk bertransaksi.

<p>The typical earthquakes occurring at Mt. Vesuvius are Volcano-Tectonic. On July 20, 2003, an unusual earthquake with low and narrow frequency content was detected. The seismograms presented an emergent onset and a nearly monochromatic spectrum at all stations of the Osservatorio Vesuviano (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) seismic network. The event was located at about 4 km b.s.l. close to the crater axis and an equivalent duration magnitude of 0.6 was estimated. The nature of this event was investigated by comparing its features with those of two typical Volcano-Tectonic earthquakes occurred inside the same source volume. We compared the spectral content calculating the spectrograms and the coda patterns using the Hilbert Transform. A Seismic Moment Tensor inversion was performed on the low frequency earthquake. The focal mechanisms for the two Volcano-Tectonic earthquakes were estimated with a classical technique and resulted compatible with the stress field acting on the volcano. Taking into account the clear differences with the typical Volcano-Tectonic events as well as the peculiarities retrieved from our analyses (monochromatic, low frequency spectral content, and sustained coda) and also some geochemical observations, we classify the unusual low frequency seismic event detected at Mt. Vesuvius as Long Period earthquake and propose that its origin could be linked to a pressure drop in the deep hydrothermal system.</p>

ABSTRACTMechanic characteristics of hard mortar are: compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and adhesion power. In the meantime, at Building Material Laboratory of Civil Engineering, State Polytechnic of Jakarta, test of tensile strength and adhesion power of mortar cannot be conducted because of the absence of the test equipment.This research aims to provide electric motor-powered equipment for tensile strength test of mortar in order to complete the equipment at Building Material Laboratory of Civil Engineering, State Polytechnic of Jakarta. The particular aim of the research is to make prototype of mortar tensile strength test equipment.In this research a prototype of motor-powered mortar tensile strength test equipment and the specimens, to test the performance of the equipment, were prepared. By examining the obstacles and shortcomings, this equipment is a development of the previous research by Muhtarom Riyadi and the team, 2015. The specimens, as the sample to test the equipment, were prepared by the ratio of one part of cement and three part of fine aggregate, with the total number of the specimens of 50 pieces.By analyzing the result of observation in trial period, the equipment could function as it should be. The magnitude of maximum tensile strength that causes the mortar specimens to break depends on the quality, age, and tensile area of mortar, which magnitude can be observed in manometer or scale with the unit of kilogram.Keywords: equipment, tensile, mortar, electric motorABSTRAKSifat mekanis mortar keras antara lain kuat tekan, kuat lentur, kuat tarik dan daya lekat. Sementara ini di Laboratorium bahan bangunan Jurusan Teknik Sipil Politeknik Negeri Jakarta untuk uji kuat tarik dan daya lekat mortar belum bisa dilaksanakan karena belum adanya peralatan untuk melakukan pengujian.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat alat uji tarik mortar menggunakan tenaga penggerak motor listrik guna melengkapi peralatan yang diperlukan di Laboratorium bahan bangunan Jurusan Teknik Sipil Politeknik Negeri Jakarta. Target khusus yang ingin dicapai adalah membuat prototype alat uji tarik mortar.Dalam penelitian ini akan dibuat prototipe alat uji tarik mortar menggunakan tenaga motor listrik dan cetakan benda ujinya, sekaligus untuk menguji kinerjanya. Alat ini merupakan pengembangan oleh peneliti yang terdahulu Muhtarom Riyadi dan anggotanya, 2015), dengan mencermati kendala dan kekurangannya maka penelitian ini merupakan penyempurnaan penelitian sebelumnya Sebagai sampelnya dibuat benda uji tarik mortar dengan perbandingan 1 bagian semen berbanding 3 bagian pasir, sedangkan jumlah benda uji dibuat sebanyak 50 buah.Hasil pengamatan selama uji coba maka alat alat uji tarik mortar menggunakan tenaga penggerak motor listrik dapat berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Besarnya gaya tarik maksimum yang menjadikan benda uji tarik mortar putus tergantung dari mutu mortar, umur serta luas penampang tarik yang nilainya dapat diamatai pada manometer atau timbangan berat dengan satuan kilogramKata kunci : Alat, uji, tarik, mortar, motor listrik