Relevant bibliographies by topics / Magnets

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Magnets'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Magnets"

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Dong, S. X., B. Li, B. S. Zhang, X. Q. Wang, and G. Y. Feng. "Design of A Permanent Quadrupole Magnet with Adjustable Magnetic Field Gradient." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2687, no. 2 (2024): 022029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2687/2/022029.

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Abstract As compared to traditional magnets, permanent magnets can effectively reduce energy consumption and eliminate the impact of current ripple and the water cooling system on beam current. The use of permanent magnets in accelerators has become a new trend as permanent magnet technology has advanced. In HALF (Hefei Advanced Light Facility), we have designed a permanent magnet based on the quadrupole magnet, and the central magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet can be adjusted, indicating that single or multiple permanent magnets can be developed to replace different sizes of quadrupole magnets in accelerators, greatly improving systematization. The magnet’s mechanical design has been finalized, and the prototype of the permanent magnet will be manufactured and tested soon.
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Nagai, Keita, Naohiro Sugita, and Tadahiko Shinshi. "Batch Fine Magnetic Pattern Transfer Method on Permanent Magnets Using Coercivity Change during Heating for Magnetic MEMS." Micromachines 15, no. 2 (2024): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15020248.

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In magnetic microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs), permanent magnets in the form of a thick film or thin plate are used for structural and manufacturing purposes. However, the geometric shape induces a strong self-demagnetization field during thickness–direction magnetization, limiting the surface magnetic flux density and output power. The magnets must be segmented or magnetized in a fine and multi-pole manner to weaken the self-demagnetization field. Few studies have been performed on fine multi-pole magnetization techniques that can generate a higher surface magnetic flux density than segmented magnets and are suitable for mass production. This paper proposes a batch fine multi-pole magnetic pattern transfer (MPT) method for the magnets of MEMS devices. The proposed method uses two master magnets with identical magnetic patterns to sandwich a target magnet. Subsequently, the coercivity of the target magnet is reduced via heating, and the master magnet’s magnetic pattern is transferred to the target magnet. Stripe, checkerboard, and concentric circle patterns with a pole pitch of 0.3 mm are magnetized on the NdFeB master magnets N38EH with high intrinsic coercivity via laser-assisted heating magnetization. The MPT yields the highest surface magnetic flux density at 160 °C, reaching 39.7–66.1% of the ideal magnetization pattern on the NdFeB target magnet N35.
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Amjadian, Mohsen, and Anil K. Agrawal. "Planar arrangement of permanent magnets in design of a magneto-solid damper by finite element method." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 7 (2020): 998–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20905968.

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This article studies the energy dissipation mechanism of a proposed magneto-solid damper using a three-dimensional finite element model developed in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The energy dissipation mechanism of the magneto-solid damper dissipates energy through combined actions of friction and eddy current damping. The key components of the magneto-solid damper are a steel plate, two copper plates placed on two sides of the steel plate in parallel, and two planar arrays of permanent magnets each one placed between the steel plate and one of the copper plates. These arrays are kept away from the steel and copper plates through narrow gaps; the gaps between them and the steel plate are filled with thin friction pads made of non-magnetic materials. The attractive magnetic interaction between the permanent magnet arrays and the steel plate provides the normal force for the friction developed between the friction pads and the steel plate when the permanent magnet arrays move relative to the steel plate. The motion of the permanent magnet arrays relative to the copper plates, on the other hand, provides the eddy current damping. The main contribution of this article is to optimize the pole arrangement of the permanent magnets and demonstrate that how the optimum pole arrangement can affect the energy dissipation capacity of the magneto-solid damper. The analysis results show that, for a given number and size of the permanent magnets, alternate arrangement of the poles of permanent magnets along the direction of their motion is the most optimal case resulting in large and smooth hysteresis force–displacement loops. This pole arrangement has also been used to find the optimum size of the steel and copper plates by addressing edge and skin effects in the design of the damper.
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Kaňuch, Ján, and Želmíra Ferková. "Design and simulation of disk stepper motor with permanent magnets." Archives of Electrical Engineering 62, no. 2 (2013): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2013-0022.

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Abstract In this paper the design and the magneto-static simulation of axial-flux permanent- magnet stepper motor with the disc type rotor is presented. Disk motors are particularly suitable for electrical vehicles, robots, valve control, pumps, centrifuges, fans, machine tools and manufacturing. The brushless machine with axial flux and permanent magnets, also called the disc-type machine, is an interesting alternative to its cylindrical radial flux counterpart due to the disk shape, compact construction and high torque density. This paper describes a design of four phase microstepping motor with the disc type rotor. The FEM modeling and the 3D magneto-static simulation of the disk stepper motor with permanent magnets is being subject of the article, too. Disc rotor type permanent magnet stepper motor for high torque to inertia ratio is ideal for robotics and CNC machines.
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Zhang, Yuyang, Yonggang Leng, Hao Zhang, et al. "Comparative study on equivalent models calculating magnetic force between permanent magnets." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing and Special Equipment 1, no. 1 (2020): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jimse-09-2020-0009.

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PurposeAn appropriate equivalent model is the key to the effective analysis of the system and structure in which permanent magnet takes part. At present, there are several equivalent models for calculating the interacting magnetic force between permanent magnets including magnetizing current, magnetic charge and magnetic dipole–dipole model. How to choose the most appropriate and efficient model still needs further discussion.Design/methodology/approachThis paper chooses cuboid, cylindrical and spherical permanent magnets as calculating objects to investigate the detailed calculation procedures based on three equivalent models, magnetizing current, magnetic charge and magnetic dipole–dipole model. By comparing the accuracies of those models with experiment measurement, the applicability of three equivalent models for describing permanent magnets with different shapes is analyzed.FindingsSimilar calculation accuracies of the equivalent magnetizing current model and magnetic charge model are verified by comparison between simulation and experiment results. However, the magnetic dipole–dipole model can only accurately calculate for spherical magnet instead of other nonellipsoid magnets, because dipole model cannot describe the specific characteristics of magnet's shape, only sphere can be treated as the topological form of a dipole, namely a filled dot.Originality/valueThis work provides reference basis for choosing a proper model to calculate magnetic force in the design of electromechanical structures with permanent magnets. The applicability of different equivalent models describing permanent magnets with different shapes is discussed and the equivalence between the models is also analyzed.
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Wang, Yichao, Peng Gao, Xuan Luo, and Houxiang Han. "Electro-Magnetic and Stress Analysis of a −400 T2/m High-Field Gradient Magnet with a Room-Temperature Bore Size of 200 mm." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (2024): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14051744.

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High-field-strength gradient superconducting magnets have been widely used in many fields. With advancements in technology, the demand for large-aperture magnets is gradually increasing, but there is relatively little research on the design and stress–strain of large-aperture gradient magnets. This article presents the design and analysis of a superconducting magnet characterized by a high field strength of 10 T, a strong gradient of −400 T2/m, and a large room-temperature bore of 200 mm. The aim of this project is to establish an experimental setup for the growth of Ga1−xInxSb crystals. The study starts with an overview of the development process and applied research related to strong-gradient magnets. The study employs a magneto–electric force coupling method based on generalized stretching to theoretically optimize the gradient coil pre-stress parameters through orthogonalization parameter scanning. In addition, an analysis of the stress distribution in both the magnet coil and the mandrel is carried out. The results indicate that the stress and strain values for both the gradient coils and the frame are within the allowable range of their respective materials. The magnets can be designed to operate stably in theory. This article may provide a reference for designers in related fields in optimizing the design and stress–strain analysis of large, strong-gradient magnets.
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Mills, Allan. "William Gilbert and ‘Magnetization by Percussion’." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 65, no. 4 (2011): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2011.0014.

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In his De Magnete William Gilbert claims that it is possible to make a magnet by hammering a red-hot bar of wrought iron arranged north–south on an anvil. This is contrary to modern ideas concerning the ‘Curie temperature’ (770°C for carbon steel), and to the recognized susceptibility of steel magnets to mechanical abuse. It has proved impossible to replicate Gilbert's technique experimentally. Only lengthy cold hammering of hardened carbon steel specimens on a large ferrous anvil produced weak permanent magnets.
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Sun, R. X., Z. G. Deng, Y. F. Gou, et al. "Feasibility of low-cost magnetic rail designs by integrating ferrite magnets and NdFeB magnets for HTS Maglev systems." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 25n26 (2015): 1542043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215420436.

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Permanent magnet guideway (PMG) is an indispensable part of high temperature superconducting (HTS) Maglev systems. Present PMGs are made of NdFeB magnets with excellent performance and cost much. As another permanent magnet material, the ferrite magnet is weak at magnetic energy product and coercive force, but inexpensive. So, it is a possible way to integrate the ferrite and NdFeB magnets for cutting down the cost of present PMGs. In the paper, the equivalent on magnetic field intensity between ferrite magnets and NdFeB magnets was evaluated by finite element simulation. According to the calculation results, the magnetic field of the PMG integrating ferrite magnets and NdFeB magnets can be increased remarkably comparing with the pure ferrite PMG. It indicates that low-cost PMG designs by integrating the two permanent magnet materials are feasible for the practical HTS Maglev system.
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Chang, Sungwoo, Noboru Niguchi, Je-Hoon Lee, and Katsuhiro Hirata. "Improvement of Torque Performance and Energy Density of PM-Type Vernier Motor Utilizing Saddle Coil and Salient Pole." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062818.

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In electric motors, the use of rare-earth magnets has been increasing rapidly. A stronger magnet force of the magnet enables the motor’s higher performance, resulting in the most high-performance motors generally using rare-earth magnets. However, these magnets have two crucial disadvantages: the potential restrictions on the supply of rare-earth magnetic materials and the sharp fluctuation in price. Thus, many recent researches focus on developing high-performance electric motors and reducing the use of critical rare-earth magnets. By increasing the torque density of the motor, we can reduce the use of permanent magnets. Focusing on this point, and we presented a double half permanent magnet (DHPM)-type vernier motor. This paper proposed a new saddle coil permanent magnet vernier motor with improved performance compared to its predecessor. The main feature of the proposed motor is that the permanent magnet and coil in the stator of a DHPM-type vernier motor is replaced by salient poles and saddle coils, respectively. We also investigate its characteristics through various simulations.
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Sirimanna, Samith, Thanatheepan Balachandran, and Kiruba Haran. "A Review on Magnet Loss Analysis, Validation, Design Considerations, and Reduction Strategies in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors." Energies 15, no. 17 (2022): 6116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176116.

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Eddy current losses in magnets are a major consideration in the rotor design of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). Stator design choices and the use of modern inverters with high switching frequency introduce harmonics that can contribute to significant losses in the magnets, causing the rotor to heat up. In typical PMSMs, the lack of rotor cooling can cause the magnet’s performance to degrade at high temperatures and eventually demagnetize. This review examines a large number of studies analyzing magnet eddy current losses using analytical methods and finite-element analysis. In some of these studies, magnet segmentation is carried out to reduce the losses; however, their loss-reduction effects depend highly on the type of PMSM and the mix of stator harmonics. Magnet segmentation without considering these effects can, in fact, increase the magnet losses, in addition to the extra manufacturing efforts. Multiple design analysis show the influence of rotor–stator geometric features on magnet losses. Although measuring magnet eddy current losses for these motor designs is a tedious task, authors have proposed calorimetric and loss segregation-based techniques to provide validation. This paper addresses magnet loss modeling techniques, PM material considerations, magnet segmentation effectiveness, motor and stator design effects, and experimental validation to inform motor designers about the costs and benefits of rotor designs that minimize rotor losses.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Magnets"

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Marcellini, Moreno. "Magnetic Ordering in Layered Magnets." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialfysik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8604.

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The preparation of layered magnets needs the knowledge of growth techniques which are focused on the growth of Fe/V(001) superlattices. Such films have been structurally investigated by X-rays reflectivity and diffraction. The magnetic investigations have been carried out by magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE), Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometry and polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR). This latter technique has been used in cooperation with the Institute Laue Langvin (Grenoble, France) and Ruhr Universität (Bochum, Germany). The cross-over in universality class is shown in a series of layered magnets where a δ-doping layer of Fe has been embedded between two layers of Pd showing that the magnetization depends on the effective magnetic thickness of the polarized Pd. A model for the cross-over has been developed in terms of magnetic excitations. The interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) mediated by a non-magnetic spacer has been reviewed focusing the attention on the recent theoretical and experimental works based on Fe/V(001) superlattices. The IEC can be tailored at will by reversibly alloying of the spacer with H: this has been proved in Fe/V(001) double layers showing that in the two dimensional limit, the universality class is not affected by the coupling. The magnetic order-disorder transitions in Fe/V(001) superlattices do not seem to belong to any universality class. A phenomenological model which accounts for the effective coupling at the boundaries has been developed. The influence of the inherent ordering temperatures of single magnetic layers has been investigated in Fe/V(001) superlattices proving that the weakest ferromagnetic layer affects the overall magnetic ordering. A new kind of layered magnet has been developed to increase the effect of the boundaries. PNR measurements show that the universality class depends on which length-scale is investigated.
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Riley, Melissa Alessandra. "The use of magnets in biomedical applications." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364498.

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Etzkorn, Stephen J. "Magnetic relaxation in organic-based magnets." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1044548603.

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Thesis (Ph. D)--Ohio State University, 2003.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 134 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Arthur J. Epstein, Dept. of Physics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-134).
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Klešč, Tania. "Neodimio magnetų eksperimentinis tyrimas." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130821_115730-10514.

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Bakalauro darbą „ Neodimio magnetų eksperimentinis tyrimas“ sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, išvados, priedai ir literatūros sąrašas. Šio darbo apimtis 30 puslapių. Darbe yra 26 paveikslėliai ir 1 lentelė.Įvade iškeliama darbo problema, tikslai ir uždaviniai. Pirmajame skyriuje pateikta literatūros analizė. Antrajame skyriuje aprašoma eksperimento metodika. Trečiajame skyriuje pateikti sistemų su neodimio magnetais tyrimo rezultatai. Ketvirtajame skyriuje pateikta eksperimento rezultatų analizė. Darbo pabaigoje pateiktos išvados apibendrinančios atliktą darbą ir pateikti pasiūlymai, kur būtų galima panaudoti neodimio magnetus.<br>The final bachelor‘s work “Experimental analysis of neodymium magnets” consist of introduction, four chapters, conclusions and references. The work consists of 30 pages. There are 26 images and 1 table.Problem of the research along with objectives and goals are provided in the introduction of this work. The first chapter provides analysis of literature. The second chapter is about methodology of experiment. The third chapter provides the results of systems of neodymium magnets. The fourth chapter provides analysis of the experiment results. At the end of the work there are conclusions and suggestions about neodymium magnets usage.
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Krupskaya, Yulia. "Magnetic Properties of Molecular and Nanoscale Magnets." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-73289.

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The idea of miniaturizing devices down to the nanoscale where quantum ffeffects become relevant demands a detailed understanding of the interplay between classical and quantum properties. Therefore, characterization of newly produced nanoscale materials is a very important part of the research in this fifield. Studying structural and magnetic properties of nano- and molecular magnets and the interplay between these properties reveals new interesting effects and suggests ways to control and optimize the respective material. The main task of this thesis is investigating the magnetic properties of molecular magnetic clusters and magnetic nanoparticles recently synthesized by several collaborating groups. This thesis contains two main parts focusing on each of these two topics. In the first part the fundamental studies on novel metal-organic molecular complexes is presented. Several newly synthesized magnetic complexes were investigated by means of different experimental techniques, in particular, by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Chapter 1 in this part provides the theoretical background which is necessary for the interpretation of the effects observed in single molecular magnetic clusters. Chapter 2 introduces the experimental techniques applied in the studies. Chapter 3 contains the experimental results and their discussion. Firstly, the magnetic properties of two Ni-based complexes are presented. The complexes possess different ligand structures and arrangements of the Ni-ions in the metal cores. This difffference dramatically affffects the magnetic properties of the molecules such as the ground state and the magnetic anisotropy. Secondly, a detailed study of the Mn2Ni3 single molecular magnet is described. The complex has a bistable magnetic ground state with a high spin value of S = 7 and shows slow relaxation and quantum tunnelling of the magnetization. The third section concentrates on a Mn(III)-based single chain magnet showing ferromagnetic ordering of the Mn-spins and a strong magnetic anisotropy which leads to a hysteretic behavior of the magnetization. The last section describes a detailed study of the static and dynamic magnetic properties of three Mn-dimer molecular complexes by means of static magnetization, continuous wave and pulse electron spin resonance measurements. The results indicate a systematic dependence of the magnetic properties on the nearest ligands surrounding of the Mn ions. The second part of the thesis addresses magnetic properties of nano-scaled magnets such as carbon nanotubes fifilled with magnetic materials and carbon-coated magnetic nanoparticles. These studies are eventually aiming at the possible application of these particles as agents for magnetic hyperthermia. In this respect, their behavior in static and alternating magnetic fifields is investigated and discussed. Moreover, two possible hyperthermia applications of the studied magnetic nanoparticles are presented, which are the combination of a hyperthermia agents with an anticancer drug and the possibility to spatially localize the hyperthermia effffect by applying specially designed static magnetic fifields.
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Henderson, John. "SPIN QUANTUM DYNAMICS IN MOLECULAR MAGNETS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3535.

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Molecular magnets are ideal systems to probe the realm that borders quantum and classical physics, as well as to study decoherence phenomena in nanoscale systems. The control of the quantum behavior of these materials and their structural characteristics requires synthesis of new complexes with desirable properties which will allow probing of the fundamental aspects of nanoscale physics and quantum information processing. Of particular interest among the magnetic molecular materials are single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) molecular wheels in which the spin state of the molecule is known to behave quantum mechanically at low temperatures. In previous experiments the dynamics of the magnetic moment of the molecules is governed by incoherent quantum tunneling. Short decoherence times are mainly due to interactions between molecular magnets within the crystal and interactions of the electronic spin with the nuclear spin of neighboring ions within the molecule. This decoherence problem has imposed a limit to the understanding of the molecular spin dynamics and the sources of decoherence in condensed matter systems. Particularly, intermolecular dipolar interactions within the crystal, which shorten the coherence times in concentrated samples, have stymied progress in this direction. Several recent works have reported a direct measurement of the decoherence time in molecular magnets. This has been done by eliminating the dephasing created by dipolar interactions between neighboring molecules. This has been achieved by a) a dilution of the molecules in a liquid solution to decrease the dipolar interaction by separating the molecules, and b) by polarizing the spin bath by applying a high magnetic field at low temperatures. Unfortunately, both approaches restrict the experimental studies of quantum dynamics. For example, the dilution of molecular magnets in liquid solution causes a dispersion of the molecular spin orientation and anisotropy axes, while the large fields required to polarize the spin bath overcome the anisotropy of the molecular spin. In this thesis I have explored two methods to overcome dipolar interactions in molecular magnets: a) studying the dynamics of molecular magnets in single crystals where the separation between magnetic molecules is obtained by chemical doping or where the high crystalline quality allows observations intrinsic to the quantum mechanical nature of the tunneling of the spin, and b) studying the electronic transport through an individual magnetic molecule which has been carefully placed in a single-electron transistor device. I have used EPR microstrip resonators to measure Fe17Ga molecular wheels within single crystals of Fe18 AFM wheels, as well as demonstrating, for the first time in a Single Molecule Magnet, the complete suppression of a Quantum Tunneling of the Magnetization transition forbidden by molecular symmetry.<br>Ph.D.<br>Department of Physics<br>Sciences<br>Physics PhD
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Sun, Fei. "Transformation Optics for Controlling DC Magnetic Field." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-155326.

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Based on the form-invariant of Maxwell’s equations under coordinate transformations, we extend the theoryof transformation optics to transformation magneto-statics, which can design magnets through coordinatetransformations. Some novel DC magnetic field illusions created by magnets (e.g. rescaling magnets,cancelling magnets and overlapping magnets) are designed and verified by numerical simulations. Ourresearch will open a new door to designing magnets and controlling DC magnetic fields.<br><p>QC 20141105</p>
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Varghese, Philip. "Magnet design considerations for superconductive magnetic energy storage." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02052007-081238/.

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Melander, Emil. "Optical and magneto-optical diractometer for studies ofpatterned magnets." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32898.

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A MOKE setup was constructed and measurements have been performed in order to verify the versatility of this equipment. The quadrupole air core coils are capable of delivering a maximum magnetic eld of 13 mT in longitudinal, transversal as well as polar MOKE. The diractometer enables re　ective scans (Kerr eect) from 20 to 90 degrees and transmissive scans (Faraday eect) from 0 to 90 degrees (optical convention). The combined equipment that constitutes of these two parts enables thorough characterization of optical, magnetical and magneto-optical phenomena which will be of great benet for studies of patterned nano-magnets. The setup is designed to reveal the in　uence of optical eects coupled to various structures like plasmon resonance and plasmonic band gaps into the magnetic and magneto-optical properties of patterned nanostructures.
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Poole, A. L. "Magnetism in frustrated magnets revealed by neutron polarimetry." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1302402/.

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The work in this thesis uses neutron polarimetry and representational analysis to illuminate complex magnetic structures. The combination of these techniques is particularly suited to examining magnetic materials that have frustrated magnetic order and domain structures. The materials that are investigated in depth are Er2Ti2O7 and MnWO4. Er2Ti2O7 is a member of the pyrochlore family of materials and exhibits the classic signs of geometric frustration. The material has been proposed as an XY antiferromagnet that selects a specic basis vector ground state due to an order-by-disorder transition. The previous experimental work could not fully determine the precise details of the ground state and hence was not able to fully conrm the proposed theory. The structure was examined using neutron polarimetry and representational analysis to try and determine the magnetic order at low temperature. MnWO4 is an example of a magnetic material with complex order and frustration that arises due to competing exchange interactions. The material has a cycloidal magnetic structure that breaks the inversion symmetry and gives rise to dierent k-domains. The population of these dierent domains is intrinsically linked to the electronic polarization of the material, such that when one domain is populated MnWO4 has a spontaneous electric polarization and is belongs to the multiferroic family of materials. By using representation analysis the number of parameters that is required to describe the magnetic structure is greatly reduced and the link between inversion symmetry breaking and multiferroicity may be better understood. This thesis aims to identify the structures of both Er2Ti2O7 and MnWO4 as well as develop the interpretation of the polarimetry techniques.
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Books on the topic "Magnets"

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J, Jennings Terry. Magnets. Black Rabbit Books, 2009.

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Martinez, Ricci Andres, ed. Mighty magnets. Magic Wagon, 2009.

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Montgomery, T. B. Design of magnets and electromagnets. Lindsay Publications, 1996.

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Santrey, Laurence. Magnets. Troll Associates, 1985.

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ill, Raff Anna, ed. Magnets push, magnets pull. Holiday House, 2017.

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Steve, Parker. Magnets. Gareth Stevens Pub., 1998.

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J, Jennings Terry. Magnets. Gloucester Press, 1990.

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Bell, Robert. Magnets. Western Pub. Co., 1995.

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Sadler, Wendy. Magnets. Raintree, 2006.

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J, Jennings Terry. Magnets. Macmillan/McGraw-Hill School Pub. Co., 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Magnets"

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Trout, S. R. "Magnetic Testing of Bonded Magnets." In Bonded Magnets. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1090-0_8.

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Buschow, K. H. J., and F. R. de Boer. "Permanent Magnets." In Physics of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48408-0_12.

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Tangoulis, Vassilis, and Nikolia Lalioti. "Magnetic Modeling of Single-molecule Magnets." In Single-Molecule Magnets. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527809929.ch3.

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Grönefeld, M. "Review on Bonded Magnets." In Bonded Magnets. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1090-0_1.

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Popov, A. G., T. Z. Puzanova, A. S. Ermolenko, D. V. Gunderov, G. I. Raab, and V. V. Stolyarov. "Pr-Fe-B-Cu Alloys Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing as Materials for Anisotropic Bonded Magnets." In Bonded Magnets. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1090-0_10.

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Kobe, S., S. Novak, P. J. McGuiness, and Z. Yuan. "Rheological Properties of Coated RE-TM Powders." In Bonded Magnets. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1090-0_11.

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Walter, Richard, and Brandon Verbrugge. "Permanent Magnets in Power Tools." In Bonded Magnets. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1090-0_12.

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Cannesan, N., and I. R. Harris. "Aspects of NdFeB HDDR Powders: Fundamentals and Processing." In Bonded Magnets. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1090-0_2.

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Gutfleisch, O., G. Drazic, C. Mishima, and Y. Honkura. "Anisotropy Mechanism in HDDR Processed NdFeB." In Bonded Magnets. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1090-0_3.

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Panchanathan, V., and D. F. Davis. "Extruded and Calendered Bonded Magnets — An Overview." In Bonded Magnets. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1090-0_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Magnets"

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Wong, Denise, Jeremy Wang, Edward Steager, and Vijay Kumar. "Control of Multiple Magnetic Micro Robots." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47683.

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A magnetic micro robot is a microscopic magnet that is controlled by a system of electromagnetic coils that generate a magnetic field to manipulate the magnetic robot. A major challenge for manipulating multiple magnets at microscale is that the applied field affects the entire workspace, making it difficult to address individual magnets. In this paper, we propose a system where electromagnetic coils are close to the magnets being manipulated to exploit spatial non-uniformities in the magnetic field. Our model considers the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coils and the magnetic fields present from neighboring magnetic robots to generate the desired force on each magnet. This approach is demonstrated on a macroscopic, one-dimensional system with two magnets controlled by two electromagnets using visual feedback control. Additionally, simulation results for a linear system with three magnets and three electromagnets are shown. While demonstrated at the macroscale, our results suggest that our methods can be extended for microscale manipulation, where it is advantageous to control multiple identical magnets with global fields.
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Victoria, Patricia Iglesias, Weimin Yin, Surendra K. Gupta, and Steve Constantinides. "Microstructural Characterization of Sm-Co Magnets." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37106.

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Samarium cobalt permanent magnets have been widely used for their excellent intrinsic magnetic properties such as very high Curie temperature, high anisotropy fields and most importantly excellent temperature coefficients of induction and coercivity. These materials have continuing industrial interest especially for applications operating at elevated temperatures and in the presence of high demagnetizing fields, such as particle accelerators, high frequency traveling wave tubes (TWTs), servo-motors and automotive and aerospace applications. An area of opportunity for improving performance of SmCo magnets is increasing magnet toughness — resistance to fracture. Like all other sintered rare earth magnetic materials, SmCo magnets are based on intermetallic compounds which are intrinsically brittle and can crack in the course of fabrication, machine work, and installation in the application. Increased toughness would also reduce handling sensitivity of magnetized magnets. For many years, studies on SmCo magnets have been focused on their magnetic properties, but the mechanical characteristics, strengthening and toughening mechanisms have been rarely reported. Understanding the phase and structural transformations induced in the SmCo magnets during the manufacturing process offers insight into potential modifications — chemical or processing-related. In this study, microstructural characterizations of 1:5 and 2:17 Sm-Co magnets were carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopes. In scanning electron microscopy (SEM), backscattered electron imaging and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis were used to investigate different phases and oxides. Finally, crystal structure of the magnets was studied using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The study correlates the microstructure characterization with the thermal processing history of different grades of SmCo magnets.
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Saasen, Arild, Benny Poedjono, Geir Olav Ånesbug, and Nicholas Zachman. "Removal of Magnetic Contamination in Drilling Fluids: Effect on Directional Drilling." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18719.

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Abstract Magnetic debris in a drilling fluid have a significant influence on the ability of the drilling fluid to maintain its function. Down hole logging can suffer from poor signal to noise ratios. Directional drilling in areas close to the magnetic North Pole, such as in the Barents Sea, Northern Canada or Russia can suffer because of magnetic contamination in the drilling fluid. Magnetic particles in the drilling fluid introduce additional errors to the magnetic surveying compared to those normally included in the ellipsoid of uncertainty calculation. On many offshore drilling rigs, there is mounted ditch magnets to remove metallic swarf from the drilling fluid. These magnets normally only remove the coarser swarf. In this project, we use a combination of strong magnets and flow directors to significantly improve the performance of the ditch magnets. This combination, together with proper routines for cleaning the ditch magnets, significantly helps to clean the drilling fluid. Through the combined use of flow directors and ditch magnets, it was possible to extract more than five times as much magnetic contamination from the drilling fluid as normal compared with other proper ditch magnet systems. This is verified by comparing the ditch magnet efficiencies from two drilling rigs drilling ERD wells in the North Sea area. In the paper, it is discussed how the accuracy of directional drilling and well position effected by various interferences can be improved by the use of a drilling fluid with minimal effect to the MWD measurement.
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Fujita, Etsunori, Noritoshi Nakagawa, Norio Soga, Yumi Ogura, Eiji Sugimoto, and Shigeyuki Kojima. "An Experimental Study for Collision Stimulus Device Using a Magneto-Spring." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21642.

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Abstract An experimental device that utilizes a magneto-spring and collision forces for a single-degree-of-freedom stimulus is proposed. By way of an actuator, the experimental device that was created in order to test the response created by a magneto-spring stimulus force arising from an impact force, applies a displacement stimulus to the magnet on one side, changing the distance between the magnets as well as the faced surface area of the magnets. The moving mass that, which supports the loaded mass and the magnet on other side, provides kinetic energy via the actuator and the magneto-spring. When the moving mass impact on impact plate, the impact plate turn over the motion of direction. This collision stimulus device is composed of a mechanisms having low damping, and being vibration device using a magneto-spring, it was verified through analysis and experimental studies to be a highly efficient shaker mechanism. In addition, when the stimulus energy from the shock vibration experiment is low, due to loaded mass move a quasi-zero spring constant or a low magnetic field gradient, it is thought that by generating anti-phase and a large relative displacement from a low frequency, a highly efficient shock stimulus mechanism can be achieved, even by applying the momentary impulse input as a disturbance, the magneto-spring, constant of non-linear characteristics and strong spring constant, elastic energy is used to create a symmetrical triangular shock wave. On one hand, the relation between the inputs and outputs that use variations in the magnetostatic energy created by changes in the distance between the repulsed magnets and the faced surface area was verified by studying the amount of work created by the magneto-spring stimulus energy of a repulsed magnet system during one vibration cycle of the moving mass attached to a moving magnet and a fixed magnet. It is seen that the input/output energy characteristics of the magneto-spring stimulus force are a highly efficient mechanism due to mageto-spring move in a strong magnetic field gradient. However, it is seen that mechanical amplification mechanism that utilizes a magneto-spring and collision forces are a highly efficient mechanism due to mageto-spring move in a low magnetic field gradient. The collision stimulus device using a quasi-zero spring constant and a elastic energy of magneto-spring changes sinusoidal wave, that vibration device applies, into a symmetrical triangular shock wave found in a large collision force and amplified amplitude, due to external disturbance which acts as a trigger, a elastic energy of magneto-spring and distance between impact plates optimized. However, it was realized that when a force greater than the prescribed amount is applied as resistance. As a results, the vibration energy is diminished, a shock wave change a symmetrical sinusoidal wave due to loaded mass move in a low magnetic field gradient or a quasi-zero spring constant.
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Song, Pan, Xiaoying Tang, ShaoJun Wang, Bin Ren, Yantian Zuo, and Jielu Wang. "A Study on the Magnetic Distribution of Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets in Pipeline in Line Inspection Tool." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84529.

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The pressure pipeline in line inspection technology is the most effective nondestructive testing method to detect the quality of buried oil and gas pipelines at present. In line inspection tool usually uses magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technology to detect the change of leakage magnetic field to detect pipeline defects. Permanent magnets magnetize the wall of the pipeline as an excitation. During the detection process, the magnetic field performance of permanent magnets is required to be high. At the same time, the magnetic performance of the permanent magnet in the magnetic cleaning pipe also determine the cleaning effect inside the pipeline. In this paper, the magnetic distribution of permanent magnets is studied and the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets with the best magnetic properties are taken as the objects. The finite element simulation is used to optimize the shape of the permanent magnets with better magnetic distribution, and the magnetic intensity factors of the preferred cylindrical permanent magnets are analyzed. In addition, three experiments of the influence of temperature, the influence of the ferromagnetic combination, and the influence of the environment medium are conducted. As a result, the relationship between the magnetic intensity of the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets and the factors is obtained. The conclusion is of great significance to the design and research of permanent magnetic circuit in line inspection magnetization device.
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Poskovic, Emir, Marta Ceroni, Fausto Franchini, et al. "The Implementation Of A Novel Approach To The Rare Earth Magnets Recycling." In Euro Powder Metallurgy 2023 Congress & Exhibition. EPMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59499/ep235765549.

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Rare Earth magnets have been used in different industrial sectors: household utilities, automotive applications, informatics sensors, etc. Rare Earth magnets show the best magnetic performance, predominantly in the case of Neodymium magnets. However, the economic aspect concerning the raw magnetic materials affects many of the magnet devices, mainly considering the instability of the raw material market. For these reasons, recycling NdFeB magnets is considered a promising solution. Different techniques are available, but they are generally expensive or very dangerous. This work proposes a new approach to recycling the NdFeB sintered magnets using a particular mechanical technique without using Hydrogen, resulting in a safer, less complicated and cheaper process than chemical methods. Based on an impact mill, the process has been performed to grind the magnets recovered from the hard disks. The operation was conducted in a vacuum. Finally, some bonded magnets with recycled powder have been prepared and characterized.
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Curtin, Paul R., Steve Constantinides, and Patricia Iglesias Victoria. "Fracture Toughness of Samarium Cobalt Magnets." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53435.

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Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) magnets have been the magnet of choice for a variety of industries for many years due to their favorable magnetic properties. Their high coercivity, combined with a low temperature coefficient, make them the ideal permanent magnet for demanding high temperature applications. One of the biggest concerns with rare earth magnets is their brittleness. Samarium Cobalt magnets in particular are prone to fracturing during machining and assembly. In manufacturing, great care must be taken to avoid chipping or fracturing these magnets due to their brittle nature. There are two main grades of Samarium Cobalt magnets, 1:5 and 2:17. These ratios define the nominal ratio of rare earth to transition metal content. In this paper, an investigation is performed on the fracture toughness of permanent magnets based on the Samarium Cobalt 2:17 composition. Various techniques are used to characterize the microstructure of the material, and quantify the material properties. Optical microscopy is used to characterize the grain structure of the material and quantify the porosity of the material after sintering. By comparing the average grain size and fracture toughness of several samples, grain size was shown to not affect fracture toughness in standard material. Latent cracks in defective material showed no preference to follow grain boundaries, oxides inclusions or voids. River marks in fracture surfaces are seen through scanning electron microscopy, confirming the transgranular cracking pattern seen by Li et al [1]This suggests that the toughness of the material is an inherent property of the main phase, not of grain boundaries or contaminants. Samarium Cobalt magnets exhibit both mechanical and magnetic anisotropy due to the alignment of their crystal structure in the manufacturing process. Using Palmqvist indentation crack techniques, the magnetic orientation of the grains was seen to greatly influence the direction of crack propagation from the tip of the indenter. Measurements of fracture toughness using this technique produce highly scattered data due to this anisotropic nature of the material. Specimens loaded with the indenter axis parallel to the direction of orientation show normal Palmqvist cracks, while specimens loaded perpendicular to the direction of magnetization exhibit crack propagation initiating from the faces of the indenter. To better quantify the material’s brittleness, fracture testing is performed on specially prepared samples to obtain an absolute measure of fracture toughness (K1c). Results show that SmCo is measurably weaker than other magnetic materials such as neodymium iron boron magnets[2]. Furthermore, neither relative concentration of Samarium nor source of raw material show notable effect on the fracture toughness of the material.
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Eirich, Max, Yuji Ishino, Masaya Takasaki, and Takeshi Mizuno. "Active Stabilization of Repulsive Magnetic Bearing by Using Independent Motion Control of Permanent Magnets." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35134.

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This paper investigates the control system design of magnetic forces using independent motion control of permanent magnets. In the permanent magnet bearing system, the radial motions of the rotor are passively supported by repulsive forces between ring-shape permanent magnets. The experimental results demonstrate that non contact levitation is achieved by independently PD controlled axial motion of permanent magnets driven by voice coil motors (VCM).
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Sun, Shuailing, and Yonggang Leng. "Investigation of a Novel Tri-Stable Cantilever Beam With Two Magnets." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22003.

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Abstract The conventional non-linear tri-stable cantilever beams (TCBs) consisting of permanent magnets have the disadvantages of many magnets and complex parameters. In this paper, a novel TCB is proposed, which contains only two magnets, a ring magnet and a rectangular magnet. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the magnetic force and the system potential function, it is proved that this TCB can have tri-stable characteristics, which provides an effective and simplified design approach for constructing a TCB. The dynamics analysis of this TCB with different structural parameters reveals the mechanism of excitation intensity, potential well depth and potential well spacing on the response of the system.
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von Lockette, Paris. "Fabrication and Performance of Magneto-Active Elastomer Composite Structures." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7590.

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This works discusses the use of magneto-active elastomer (MAE) as an active material for use in origami engineering and other applications where transformation of a composite structure between target shapes is desired. Magneto-active elastomer, as the name implies, consists of magnetic powders dispersed in an elastomer (polymer) fluid which is subsequently cured in the presence of a magnetic field to produce a net remanent magnetization in the cured solid. Having their own internal magnetization, MAE materials are affected by both magnetic forces, due to gradients in local field, as well as magnetic torques resulting from the cross product of the field and the magnetization. In this fashion, patches of MAE material, distributed throughout a non-magnetic elastomeric structure, act as distributed actuators producing deformed shapes. The use of rare-Earth magnets as the magnetic actuation elements is also investigated. The work highlights experimental efforts to develop structures with integrated MAE patches and rare-Earth magnets of varying magnetization orientations using multi-step casting processes and 3D printing techniques. Initial results show success at generating active structures having locally oriented MAE patches and magnets in accordion, water bomb and and Miru fold patterns.
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Reports on the topic "Magnets"

1

Hatanaka, K., and T. Katayama. Magnetic Field Analysis of Helical Magnets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1149820.

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Carcagno, Ruben. MQXFA Magnets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2376961.

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Blackmore, W. J. A., P. A. Goddard, F. Xiao, et al. Magnetic exchange disorder in low-dimensional quantum magnets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1343725.

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Gallo, Charles. Improved Magnetic Refrigerators with Hi-Tc Superconducting Magnets. Defense Technical Information Center, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb207026.

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Willen, E. H. Magnets for RHIC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119275.

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Wang, Xijie, and C. Sylvester. Quadrupole magnets measurement. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6063843.

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Wipf, Stefan L., and Henry L. Laquer. Superconducting Permanent Magnets. Defense Technical Information Center, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada218944.

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Izquierdo Bermudez, S., G. Sabbi, and A. Zlobin. Accelerator Technology Magnets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1898869.

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Andreescu, R., and M. J. O'Shea. Hard Magnetic Properties of Multilayered SmCo/Co Permanent Magnets. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398436.

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Emma, P. Electro-Magnetic Quadrupole Magnets in the LCLS FEL Undulator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839676.

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