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Journal articles on the topic 'MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FINISHING'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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1

KORDONSKY, W. I., I. V. PROKHOROV, G. GORODKIN, S. D. JACOBS, B. PUCHEBNER, and D. PIETROWSKI. "Magnetorheological Finishing." Optics and Photonics News 4, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.4.12.000016.

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2

KORDONSKI, W. I., and S. D. JACOBS. "MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FINISHING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 23n24 (October 30, 1996): 2837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296001288.

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The technology of finishing for optics, ceramics, and semiconductors is one of the most promising uses of the magnetorheological effect. It perfectly coupled with computer control, allowing in quantity production the unique accuracy and quality of a polished surface to be achieved. The polishing process may appear as follows. A part rotating on the spindle is brought into contact with an magnetorheological polishing (MRP) fluid which is set in motion by the moving wall. In the region where the part and the MRP fluid are brought into contact, the applied magnetic field creates the conditions necessary for the material removal from the part surface. The material removal takes place in a certain region contacting the surface of the part which can be called the polishing spot or zone. The polishing process comes to the program-simulated movement of the polishing spot over the part surface. The mechanism of the material removal in the contact zone is considered as a process governed by the particularities of the Bingham flow in the contact zone. The problem like the hydrodynamic theory of lubrication is treated for plastic film. As this takes place the shear stresses distribution in the film is obtained from the experimental measurements of the pressure distribution in the contact spot. Reasonable correlation between calculated and experimental magnitudes of the material removal rate for glass polishing lends support to the validity of the approach.

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3

Li, Yao Ming, Xing Quan Shen, and Ai Ling Wang. "Nano-Precision Finishing Technology Based on Magnetorheological Finishing." Key Engineering Materials 416 (September 2009): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.416.118.

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Surface roughness is normally regarded as an important criterion for assessing the quality of optic elements; surface roughness of a high-quality optic element is required to be less than RMS1nm. In this paper, a series of experiments has been conducted on the sample magnetorheological finishing machine by using self-prepared magnetorheological liquid as finishing liquid, to assess the removing efficiency of magnetorheological finishing. Optimization of technological parameters enables the authors to obtain a glass-ware with an ideal surface roughness of RMS0.56nm. Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is an advanced technology for processing optic elements that has been developed in recent years. The technology polishes optic elements by using viscoplastic soft media produced by the MRF liquid under the variation of gradient magnetic field. Better than traditional polishing method in shape precision, surface roughness and inner surface destruction, MRF is an ideal technology for obtaining super-precision optic surface.

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4

Saraswathamma, K. "Magnetorheological Finishing: A Review." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/spl.2.2014.30.

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5

Kordonski, William, and Stephen Jacobs. "Model of Magnetorheological Finishing." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 7, no. 2 (March 1996): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x9600700202.

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6

Grover, Vishwas, and Anant Kumar Singh. "Modeling of surface roughness in the magnetorheological cylindrical finishing process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 233, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408917746354.

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The magnetorheological cylindrical finishing process is developed for fine finishing of the internal surface of cylindrical objects. The process uses smart fluid known as magnetorheological polishing fluid. This fluid consists of carbonyl iron (CI) and silicon carbide (SiC) abrasive particles mixed in the base fluid. The magnetorheological cylindrical finishing process consists of an internal finishing tool, which induces magnetic field over its outer surface due to which CI particles experience magnetic force and form chains between the magnetized tool outer surface and inner surface of the cylindrical workpiece. The CI particles push SiC abrasive particles towards the inner surface of the cylindrical workpiece and with the movement of finishing tool inside the cylindrical workpiece, finishing is performed in the process. In the present work, a mathematical model is developed for calculating the change in surface roughness values in the magnetorheological cylindrical finishing process after consideration of forces as acting on SiC particles. To validate the proposed mathematical model, the experimentation is performed by the magnetorheological cylindrical finishing process for finishing the internal surface of cylindrical hardened ferromagnetic steel workpiece. Results of both i.e. mathematical modeling and experimentation are found to be in close agreement with least percentage error of 1.28%. The developed mathematical model is helpful in predicting the process performance, which proves to be useful for industries dealing with internal finishing like injection molding, gas, and liquid pipes, etc.

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7

Yin, Feng Ling, Bing Quan Huo, and Li Gong Cui. "Software Function Design for Measurement and Control System of a Magnetorheological Machine Tool." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1408.

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In order to improve the machining accuracy of workpieces, we developed the magnetorheological finishing system. Taking the measurement and control system of the magnetorheological finishing system as the research target, we introduced the overall function design of the measurement and control system firstly, and then introduced the function of each module, including the multi-module control for circulatory system, parameter setting for the circulatory system, condition monitoring for the circulatory system, ribbon calibration, tool setting, anti-collision control of the finishing wheel and finishing spots collection. The developed measurement and control system of the magnetorheological finishing system can effectively guarantee the high-precision machining of machine tools.

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8

Kang, Gui Wen, and Fei Hu Zhang. "Optics Manufacturing Using Magnetorheological Finishing." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.274.

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Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a novel precision optical machining technology. Owing to its flexible finishing process, MRF can eliminate subsurface damage, smooth rms micro roughness and correct surface figure errors. The finishing process can be easily controlled by a computer. Through proper designing of numerical control, sphere and asphere optics can be machined by magnetorheological finishing with high quality. Optical sphere is machined using dwell time algorithm and surface shape 2 pt. PV has been improved from 0.17um to 0.07um.

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9

Sharma, Anand, and M. S. Niranjan. "Magnetorheological Fluid Finishing of Soft Materials: A Critical Review." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 4, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35121/ijapie201901138.

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Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) is one of the precision finishing processes and recently commercialized method for finishing of various materials like optical glasses, metals, non-metals etc. This method utilizes a suspension consisting of a fluid carrier which can be water or oil, both magnetic and non-magnetic particles and stabilizing agents. Rheological behavior of this mixture of magnetorheological (MR) fluid with abrasives changes under the influence of magnetic field which in turn regulates the finishing forces during finishing processes. Present study critically reviews the MRF process used for achieving nano-level finishing of soft materials and the advancements made in this process

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10

Zhang, Fei Hu, Gui Wen Kang, Zhong Jun Qiu, and Shen Dong. "Magnetorheological Finishing of Glass Ceramic." Key Engineering Materials 257-258 (February 2004): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.257-258.511.

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11

Sun, Huan Wu, Shu Cai Yang, and W. H. Li. "Study on Magnetorheological Surface Finishing." Key Engineering Materials 259-260 (March 2004): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.259-260.653.

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12

Kordonski, W., and A. Shorey. "Magnetorheological (MR) Jet Finishing Technology." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 18, no. 12 (December 2007): 1127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x07083139.

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13

Singh, Anant Kumar, Sunil Jha, and Pulak M. Pandey. "Magnetorheological Ball End Finishing Process." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 27, no. 4 (April 2012): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2011.551911.

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14

Kordonski, William, and Don Golini. "Progress Update in Magnetorheological Finishing." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 14n16 (June 30, 1999): 2205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299002320.

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In magnetorheological finishing (MRF), magnetically stiffened magnetorheological (MR) abrasive fluid flows through a preset converging gap that is formed by a workpiece surface and a moving rigid wall, to create precise material removal and polishing. Theoretical analysis of MRF, based on Bingham lubrication theory, illustrates that the formation of a core attached to the moving wall results in dramatically high stress on the workpiece surface. A correlation between surface stress on the workpiece and material removal is obtained. A unique attribute of the MRF process is its determinism. MRF has been successfully implemented to polish optical surfaces to very high precision. MRF reduces the surface micro roughness of optical materials to ≤ 10A. Figure errors are corrected to a fraction of a wavelength of light and subsurface damage is removed. A wide range of optical surface shapes, including aspheres, has been polished on many different materials. Other applications in precision finishing are being considered, including integrated circuits and advanced ceramics.

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15

Niranjan, Mahendra, Sunil Jha, and R. K. Kotnala. "Ball End Magnetorheological Finishing Using Bidisperse Magnetorheological Polishing Fluid." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 29, no. 4 (April 2014): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2014.892609.

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16

Khatri, Neha, Suman Tewary, Xavier J. Manoj, Harry Garg, and Vinod Karar. "Magnetorheological finishing of silicon for nanometric surface generation: An experimental and simulation study." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 11 (April 24, 2018): 2456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18770869.

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Silicon mirrors are essential for guiding the X-ray beam and focusing it to a specific location. These mirrors using total internal reflection require super smooth surface finish due to small wavelength of X-ray. Magnetorheological finishing is a computer-controlled technique used in the production of high-quality optical lenses. This process utilizes polishing slurries based on magnetorheological fluids, whose viscosity changes with the change in magnetic field. In this work, polishing potential of silicon mirrors by magnetorheological finishing process is examined to achieve nanometric surface finish for X-ray applications. The individual effect of parameters such as magnetizing current, working gap, rotational speed on surface roughness is investigated, and optimized parameters are identified. To investigate the physical essence underlying magnetorheological finishing process, the molecular dynamics simulations are used. Molecular dynamics simulation is used to study the atomic-scale removal mechanism of single-crystalline silicon in magnetorheological finishing process and attention is paid to study the effect of gap between the tool and the workpiece on surface quality. The outcome is promising and the final surface roughness achieved is as low as 6.4 nm. The surface quality is analyzed in terms of arithmetic roughness, power spectral density, and image analysis of scanning electron microscopy for uniform evaluation.

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17

Yang, Zhi Qiang, Zhong Da Guo, and Wei Guo Liu. "Clitella Magnetorheological Finishing Method and Equipment." Key Engineering Materials 552 (May 2013): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.552.227.

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Clitella magnetorheological finishing is a processing ultra-smooth surface method, which has high processing efficiency and relatively low precision machine tool mechanical structure. This paper introduced processing methods that use a clitella magnetorheological finishing technology to achieve an arbitrary radius of curvature of the spherical optical parts. The paper design the device and use this device to process experiments. The experimental results have shown that this method can process optical parts.

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18

Kang, Gui Wen, and Fei Hu Zhang. "Research on Material Removal Mechanism of Magnetorheological Finishing." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.133.

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Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a novel precision optical machining technology. MRF utilizes magnetic particles, nonmagnetic polishing abrasives in carrier fluid, and a magnetic field to finish optical materials. Owing to its flexible finishing process, MRF eliminates subsurface damage, corrects surface figure errors and the finishing process can be easily controlled by computer. To achieve deterministic finishing, it’s necessary to know the mechanism of material removal. Different magnetorheological fluids are used to finish optical glass on the same machining condition. The material removal and surface quality are examined after finishing with no polishing abrasive, aluminium oxide and cerium oxide. The results show that the hardness of polishing abrasive is not the main factors to affect material removal.

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19

Myataza, Odwa, and Khaled Abou-El-Hossein. "Design and Development of Magnetorheological Fluid Machine for Flat Surface Finish." Materials Science Forum 1013 (October 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1013.27.

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Surface finishing of glass and ceramics flats is difficult to perform using already existing traditional processes because of the brittle nature of these materials. In order to make traditional processes be able to accommodate these materials, relatively expensive aiding devices and approaches are required. The newly developed magnetorheological (MR) fluid finishing offers a solution to this problem at a relatively low cost. Magnetorheological fluids have been used in mechanical engineering applications because of the rheological behavior they possess under a magnetic field which enables the manipulation and pressure of loose abrasives on the machined surfaces and perform cutting action. This paper describes the design and development of an MR fluid machine-tool for flat surface finishing. The design presented herewith includes the design of the mechanical aspects of the ball-end tool machine and its support structure for a three-axis motion system. The objective of this study is realized based on utilizing a magnetic field, magnetorheological fluid and CNC router design to perform flat surface finishing.

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20

Singh, Manpreet, and Anant Kumar Singh. "Theoretical investigations into magnetorheological finishing of external cylindrical surfaces for improved performance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 24 (June 20, 2020): 4872–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220931550.

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Fine finishing entails increased percentage contact area, less friction, and less wear. The magnetorheological finishing is a precision process to obtain the fine finishing on the workpiece surface for improved functional applications. So, the rotary rectangular core-based magnetorheological finishing process is utilized for the precise finishing of the cylindrical external surfaces. The rotary-rectangular shaped tool core tip surface provides the uniformly magnetic flux concentration that further benefit to offer the uniform fine finishing on the cylindrical work-part's external surface. In this work, a theoretical model is developed to predict the reduction in the surface asperities during the magnetorheological finishing of the external cylindrical surfaces. The rotational speed of the rectangular tool core on the rotating cylindrical work-part enhances the relative speed of active abrasives, which decreases the pitch, helix angle, and increases the helical path length. These results enhance the uniform precise finishing on the cylindrical work-parts and also enhances the process performance. For validation of the theoretical roughness model, the experiments have been performed on the cylindrical external surface of the H13 die steel workpiece. The percentage error between the experimentally obtained Ra value and theoretical Ra value is found to be −4.76% to 3.06%, which shows the good agreement between the theoretical model and experimental results. It also shows the practicality and accuracy of the present process while finishing the H13 die steel and it is useful for many industrial applications.

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21

Gu, Yan, Mingshuo Kang, Jieqiong Lin, Ao Liu, Bin Fu, and Penghui Wan. "Non-resonant vibration-assisted magnetorheological finishing." Precision Engineering 71 (September 2021): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2021.03.016.

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22

Peng, Xiaoqiang. "MATERIAL REMOVAL MODEL OF MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FINISHING." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 40, no. 04 (2004): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2004.04.067.

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23

Sidpara, Ajay, Manas Das, and V. K. Jain. "Rheological Characterization of Magnetorheological Finishing Fluid." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 24, no. 12 (December 21, 2009): 1467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426910903367410.

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24

Shafrir, Shai N., John C. Lambropoulos, and Stephen D. Jacobs. "Toward Magnetorheological Finishing of Magnetic Materials." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 129, no. 5 (March 9, 2007): 961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2738540.

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Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a precision optical finishing process traditionally limited to processing only nonmagnetic materials, e.g., optical glasses, ceramics, polymers, and metals. Here we demonstrate that MRF can be used for material removal from magnetic material surfaces. Our approach is to place an MRF spot on machined surfaces of magnetic WC-Co materials. The resulting surface roughness is comparable to that produced on nonmagnetic materials. This spotting technique may be used to evaluate the depth of subsurface damage, or deformed layer, induced by earlier manufacturing steps, such as grinding and lapping.

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25

Cheng, Haobo, Zhijing Feng, Yingwei Wang, and Shuting Lei. "Magnetorheological Finishing of SiC Aspheric Mirrors." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 20, no. 6 (November 1, 2005): 917–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/amp-200060417.

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26

Kordonski, William I., Aric B. Shorey, and Marc Tricard. "Magnetorheological Jet (MR JetTM) Finishing Technology." Journal of Fluids Engineering 128, no. 1 (April 17, 2005): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2140802.

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Conformal (or freeform) and steep concave optics are important classes of optics that are difficult to finish using conventional techniques due to mechanical interferences and steep local slopes. One suitable way to polish these classes of optics is by using a jet of abrasive/fluid mixture. The energy required for polishing may be supplied by the radial spread of a liquid jet, which impinges a surface to be polished. Such fluid flow may generate sufficient surface shear stress to provide material removal in the regime of chemical mechanical polishing. Once translated into a polishing technique, this unique tool may resolve a challenging problem of finishing steep concave surfaces and cavities. A fundamental property of a fluid jet is that it begins to lose its coherence as the jet exits a nozzle. This is due to a combination of abruptly imposed longitudinal and lateral pressure gradients, surface tension forces, and aerodynamic disturbance. This results in instability of the flow over the impact zone and consequently polishing spot instability. To be utilized in deterministic high precision finishing of remote objects, a stable, relatively high-speed, low viscosity fluid jet, which remains collimated and coherent before it impinges the surface to be polished, is required. A method of jet stabilization has been proposed, developed, and demonstrated whereby the round jet of magnetorheological fluid is magnetized by an axial magnetic field when it flows out of the nozzle. It has been experimentally shown that a magnetically stabilized round jet of magnetorheological (MR) polishing fluid generates a reproducible material removal function (polishing spot) at a distance of several tens of centimeters from the nozzle. The interferometrically derived distribution of material removal for an axisymmetric MR Jet™ , which impinges normal to a plane glass surface, coincides well with the radial distribution of rate of work calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. Polishing results support the assertion that the MR Jet finishing process may produce high precision surfaces on glass and single crystals. The technology is most attractive for the finishing of complex shapes like freeform optics, steep concaves, and cavities.

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27

Yin, Shao Hui, Heng Ning Tang, Jian Wu Yu, Kun Tang, Feng Jun Chen, Zhi Qiang Xu, and Jian Bo He. "Fabrication of Micro Aspheric Mould Integrated Ultra-Precision Grinding and Magnetorheological Finishing." Advanced Materials Research 135 (October 2010): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.135.134.

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This paper deals with one-point parallel grinding and magnetorheological finishing (MRF) polishing of micro glass lens mould. Firstly,the analysis and experiment of one-point parallel grinding are conducted on micro-aspheric mould with 10mm in diameter , after grinding ,the results show that the form accuracy of the micro aspheric mould are 2.538 μm in PVand 0.645 μm in RMS, also the subsurface damages and residual grinding marks are left ;And then , the magnetorheological finishing experiment is counducted, the form accuracy achieves 0.892 μm in PV and 0.287 μm in RMS ,after finishing, the surface quality was improved.

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28

Yang, Zheng Min, Hong Ping Hu, and Yu Bin Gao. "The Research in Algorithm for MRF Forming Dwell Time of Optical Components." Advanced Materials Research 102-104 (March 2010): 750–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.102-104.750.

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Magnetorheological finishing technology is a new generation of high-precision optical accessory polishing and processing methods. It presents a MRF dwell time algorithm that can quickly calculate the resident time during magnetorheological processing of the rotational optical parts. A magnetorheological forming polishing experiment on a prototype has been carried out on BK9 glass parts of 20mm rotary symmetrical face shape. The algorithm can improve the surface shape precision of the workpiece from 6.5um to 0.61um. Emulational and experimental results show that the surface shape error of a spherical polished workpiece is convergent by this method, which is also, applies to magneto-rheological finishing of non-spherical and planar workpiece.

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29

Wang, Bo, Feng Shi, Guipeng Tie, Wanli Zhang, Ci Song, Ye Tian, and Yongxiang Shen. "The Cause of Ribbon Fluctuation in Magnetorheological Finishing and Its Influence on Surface Mid-Spatial Frequency Error." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050697.

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In the high-power laser system, the mid-spatial frequency error of the surface of the high-power laser component will affect the normal operation of the high-power laser system. In order to improve the mid-spatial frequency error of the high-power laser component after magnetorheological finishing, the causes and influencing factors of the ribbon fluctuation in magnetorheological finishing are studied, and the influence of different ribbon fluctuation on the mid-spatial frequency error of the surface is studied. Firstly, the influence of different ribbon fluctuations on the mid-spatial frequency error of the machined surface is simulated by a computer. Secondly, the magnetic field in the circumferential direction of the polishing wheel, the fluctuation amount and frequency of the magnetorheological polishing ribbon are measured, and then the causes of the fluctuation of the magnetorheological polishing ribbon are analyzed. Moreover, through the principle of a single variable, the influence of process parameters on the fluctuation of magnetorheological polishing ribbon is explored. Finally, the fused silica component is scanned uniformly under the process parameters of magnetorheological polishing ribbon fluctuation of 40 μm, 80 μm, 150 μm, and 200 μm. The experimental results show that the greater the ribbon fluctuation, the greater the surface mid-spatial frequency error of the component, and the ribbon fluctuation is approximately linear with the RMS of the PSD2 in the mid-spatial frequency band on the surface of the component. Therefore, the fluctuation of the ribbon can be controlled by controlling the magnetorheological processing parameters, and the mid-spatial frequency band error on the surface of the high-power laser component can be significantly reduced by optimizing process parameters after magnetorheological finishing.

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30

Mangal, S., and M. Kataria. "Characterization of Magnetorheological Finishing Fluid for Continuous Flow Finishing Process." Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 11, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 1751–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jafm.11.06.28928.

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31

Iqbal, Faiz, Zafar Alam, Dilshad Ahmad Khan, and Sunil Jha. "Automated insular surface finishing by ball end magnetorheological finishing process." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 37, no. 4 (November 8, 2021): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2021.2001502.

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32

Kang, Gui Wen, and Fei Hu Zhang. "Research on Material Removal of Magnetorheological Finishing." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.285.

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Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a novel precision optical machining technology. Owing to its flexible finishing process, MRF can eliminate subsurface damage, smooth rms micro roughness and correct surface figure errors. The finishing process can be easily controlled by a computer. Material removal model in MRF is established. According to Preston equation in optical machining, mathematic model of material removal rate in MRF rotating at fixed rate is established through hydrodynamic analysis of the MR fluid flow in the polishing zone. The validity of the model is examined by the experimental results.

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33

Paswan, Sunil K., and Anant K. Singh. "Analysis of finishing performance in rotating magnetorheological honing process with the effect of particles motion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 235, no. 4 (January 26, 2021): 1104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408921990132.

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The particles used in magnetorheological polishing (MRP) fluid are the key components of the magnetorheological (MR) finishing processes. The rotational magnetorheological honing (R-MRH) process is recently developed as a highly productive MR finishing process which is used for finishing the internal surface of the industrial cylindric components. The involvement of micron-sized abrasive particles of MRP fluid in the finishing operation results in the invisible observation of the finishing mechanism which enables the urge of analyzing the motion of the particles during the present R-MRH process. Therefore, the effect of motions of the MRP-fluid’s particles is analyzed for nano-finishing performance on the inside surface of the cylindric workpieces. The motions performed by active abrasive particles on the inside surface of the rotating hollow cylindric workpiece cause a higher finishing rate. The effects of particle motions on the reduction in surface roughness and improvement in surface morphology confirm the usefulness of the R-MRH process. The surface finish with the effect of the particles' motions of the MRP-fluid in the R-MRH process on the stationary workpiece’s inner surface is achieved upto 100 nm from 420 nm of the initial ground surface in 60 min of finishing. Whereas, the same aforementioned surface of the rotating workpiece is finished upto 50 nm from the same initial ground surface in only 40 min of finishing with the effect of the particles' motions of the MRP-fluid. The improvement in the surface finish is also noticed through the scanning electron micrographs in this work. The significant change in surface finish obtained in experimentations confirms the integrity of the analytical study conducted for understanding the effects of motions of particles while finishing with the R-MRH process.

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34

Zhang, Yun, Jing Shan Zhao, and Yu Yue Wang. "Perpendicular Axis Magnetorheological Finishing of Spherical Optics." Advanced Materials Research 628 (December 2012): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.628.161.

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Magnetorheological Finishing, MRF can achieve deterministic results on different surface shapes such as flat surfaces, spherical surfaces and aspheric surfaces. MRF can also overcome many drawbacks of the conventional polishing process. The schedule uncertainties driven by edge roll and edge control are virtually eliminated with the MRF process. This paper presents a polishing wheel that combines rotation motion with revolution motion while renewing the MR fluid. Stable removal characteristic can be obtained by using the composite-rotation wheel. This paper also presents some recent results of the deterministic finishing typified by the tool and its MR fluid circulation system. An example of finishing a square optical workpiece with spherical surface will be reviewed.

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35

Zhang, Fei Hu, Xing Bin Yu, Yong Zhang, Yong Yong Lin, and Dian Rong Luan. "Experimental Study on Polishing Characteristics of Ultrasonic- Magnetorheological Compound Finishing." Advanced Materials Research 76-78 (June 2009): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.76-78.235.

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Concave aspheric surface with small radius is difficult to be fabricated by most of existing technologies for optical manufacture. Ultrasonic- magnetorheological compound finishing (UMC finishing) is a new technology for the ultra-precision machining of concave aspheric surface with small radius and freeform surface. The principle and experimental deviece used in UMC finishing are introduced. Main technological parameters in UMC finishing include the magnetic flux density, the gap between the polishing tool head and the workpiece, the rotational speed of polishing tool head and so on. The technology experiment of UMC finishing for optical glass K9 is conducted, and the influence of main technological parameters on the material removal rate has been studied by analysis of experimental results. The analysis of removal profile curve of UMC finishing spots prove that the material removal function of UMC finishing meet the surface error convergence requiement in computer control precise optical surface machining. The part surfaces after UMC finishing are measured by an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and the surface roughness Ra is 1.591 nm after polishing for 10 min. It is demonstrated that the polishing capability of the technology is excellent.

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Kumar, Mayank, Tharra Bhavani, Sunil Rawal, and Ajay Sidpara. "Magnetorheological Finishing of Chemically Treated Electroless Nickel Plating." Magnetochemistry 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2022): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8120184.

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Electroless nickel plating with a nanofinished surface is used in space mirrors, automobile parts, aircraft components, optical instruments, and electronic equipment. Finishing of these components using conventional finishing techniques is limited due to size, shape, material, and process constraints. This work reports the nanofinishing of electroless nickel-plated surfaces using a magnetorheological finishing process where the surfaces are pre-treated with chemicals. The chemicals used in this work are hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydrofluoric acid (HF). The effect of exposure time and concentration on the microhardness and roughness is studied to understand the surface chemistry after chemical treatment. The hydrogen peroxide forms a passivated layer, and it helps in easy material removal. Hydrofluoric acid improves surface quality and also helps in the removal of contaminants. The finished surface is characterized to understand the effect of chemical treatment on the finishing rate and surface topography. Normal and tangential forces are mainly affected by the hardness and surface condition after the chemical treatment. The best combination of parameters (chemical treatment with 1% HF for 30 min) was obtained and finishing was carried out to obtain a nanofinished surface with its areal surface roughness (Sa) reduced to 10 nm.

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Sato, Takashi, Chun Wai Kum, and Seow Tong Ng. "Micro-Cracks Removal on Edge Surface of Thin Glass Sheet Using Magnetorheological Finishing." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.553.

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Micro-cracks on the edge surface of thin glass edge sheet have been identified as a key factor of catastrophic glass breakage. Hence, their removal will strengthen the thin glass substantially. This paper studies the glass edge finishing using magnetorheological finishing (MRF). The thin glass sheet edge is finished by shear force exerted by magnetorheological fluid, which is magnetically held by a specially designed magnetic wheel tool. All micro-cracks can be removed from the edge surface and the surface roughness improves from Ra 0.5 μm to Ra 0.03 μm.

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Pattanaik, Laxmi Narayan, and Himanshu Agarwal. "Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) of a Freeform Non-magnetic Work Material." Journal for Manufacturing Science and Production 15, no. 3 (September 15, 2015): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmsp-2014-0034.

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AbstractOne of the newly developed methods for obtaining super-finished shiny surfaces for non-magnetic freeform jobs is magnetorheological finishing (MRF). MRF is an advanced finishing process in which the grinding force is controlled by magnetic field. The material removal in MRF is governed by the magnetorheological (MR) fluid which mainly consists of carbonyl iron (CI), abrasive particles, carrier fluids and additives. It is a precision-finishing process that can finish complicated geometries or difficult-to-approach regions. MRF process is capable of giving nanometre-scale surface finish. The process makes use of an MR fluid as a tool that acts as a flexible magnetic abrasive brush that provides finishing action. The relative motion between the finishing medium and the work can be obtained either by rotating the work, rotating the finishing medium or both. In the present paper, a set-up has been developed for MRF application using a pillar-drilling machine. Experiments were conducted to finish freeform jobs of copper alloy using the developed process. The effects of various process parameters, viz composition of the MR fluid, rotational speed of work and vessel containing MR fluid, mesh size of abrasives on surface finish, were explored.

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39

Kang, Gui Wen. "Discussion on Laser Cleaning of Optical Surface Machined by Magnetorheological Finishing." Advanced Materials Research 135 (October 2010): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.135.409.

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Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a novel precision optical machining technology. Owing to its flexible finishing process, MRF can eliminate subsurface damage, smooth rms micro roughness and correct surface figure errors. Through proper designing of numerical control, sphere and asphere optics can be machined by magnetorheological finishing with high quality. Owing to it’s excellence in optical manufacturing, MRF has gained more and more application in industry. Under most conditions the optical surface after MRF would have certain contaminant particles and this would affect its working ability in future use. Formerly the polished workpiece is cleaned by flowing water or ultrasonic cleaning and the contaminat particles couldn’t be totally removed. Laser cleaning is brought forward in this paper and good results could be anticipated.

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40

Zhang, Feihu. "Research on magnetorheological finishing of optical glass." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering (English Edition) 15, supp (2002): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/cjme.2002.supp.175.

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Hao, Lanfang, Zhongling Liu, Shixu Li, Ruiyu Zhu, and Xuli Zhu. "Analysis on affecting factors of magnetorheological finishing." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1750 (January 2021): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1750/1/012067.

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Hashmi, Abdul Wahab, Harlal Singh Mali, Anoj Meena, Irshad Ahamad Khilji, Chaitanya Reddy Chilakamarry, and Siti Nadiah binti Mohd Saffe. "Experimental investigation on magnetorheological finishing process parameters." Materials Today: Proceedings 48 (2022): 1892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.355.

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43

Hashmi, Abdul Wahab, Harlal Singh Mali, Anoj Meena, Irshad Ahamad Khilji, Chaitanya Reddy Chilakamarry, and Siti Nadiah binti Mohd Saffe. "Experimental investigation on magnetorheological finishing process parameters." Materials Today: Proceedings 48 (2022): 1892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.355.

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Miao, Chunlin, Shai N. Shafrir, John C. Lambropoulos, Joni Mici, and Stephen D. Jacobs. "Shear stress in magnetorheological finishing for glasses." Applied Optics 48, no. 13 (April 29, 2009): 2585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.48.002585.

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Salzman, S., H. J. Romanofsky, G. West, K. L. Marshall, S. D. Jacobs, and J. C. Lambropoulos. "Acidic magnetorheological finishing of infrared polycrystalline materials." Applied Optics 55, no. 30 (October 12, 2016): 8448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.55.008448.

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Li, Longxiang, Ligong Zheng, Weijie Deng, Xu Wang, Xiaokun Wang, Binzhi Zhang, Yang Bai, Haixiang Hu, and Xuejun Zhang. "Optimized dwell time algorithm in magnetorheological finishing." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 81, no. 5-8 (May 14, 2015): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7263-3.

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47

Mutalib, N. A., I. Ismail, S. M. Soffie, and S. N. Aqida. "Magnetorheological finishing on metal surface: A review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 469 (January 16, 2019): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/469/1/012092.

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48

Kordonski, William, and Sergei Gorodkin. "Material removal in magnetorheological finishing of optics." Applied Optics 50, no. 14 (May 4, 2011): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.50.001984.

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Ranjan, Prabhat, R. Balasubramaniam, and V. K. Jain. "Analysis of magnetorheological fluid behavior in chemo-mechanical magnetorheological finishing (CMMRF) process." Precision Engineering 49 (July 2017): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2017.02.001.

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Luo, Hu, Shao Hui Yin, and Feng Jun Chen. "A Novel TEM Sample Preparation by Using Micro Magnetorheological Finishing." Materials Science Forum 874 (October 2016): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.874.167.

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A novel TEM sample preparation method is proposed in this paper, which utilizes magnetorheological finishing to thin TEM sample. It can effectively reduce subsurface damage caused by mechanical lapping. A magnetorheological polishing tool is designed to meet TEM sample thinning requirements. Thinning testis conducted on Φ3mm single crystal silicon. Polished surface is observed by using transmission electron microscope, and high-resolution microscopy image of single crystal silicon can be achieved.

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