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Journal articles on the topic 'Magnetorheological finishing process'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

KORDONSKI, W. I., and S. D. JACOBS. "MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FINISHING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 23n24 (October 30, 1996): 2837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296001288.

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The technology of finishing for optics, ceramics, and semiconductors is one of the most promising uses of the magnetorheological effect. It perfectly coupled with computer control, allowing in quantity production the unique accuracy and quality of a polished surface to be achieved. The polishing process may appear as follows. A part rotating on the spindle is brought into contact with an magnetorheological polishing (MRP) fluid which is set in motion by the moving wall. In the region where the part and the MRP fluid are brought into contact, the applied magnetic field creates the conditions necessary for the material removal from the part surface. The material removal takes place in a certain region contacting the surface of the part which can be called the polishing spot or zone. The polishing process comes to the program-simulated movement of the polishing spot over the part surface. The mechanism of the material removal in the contact zone is considered as a process governed by the particularities of the Bingham flow in the contact zone. The problem like the hydrodynamic theory of lubrication is treated for plastic film. As this takes place the shear stresses distribution in the film is obtained from the experimental measurements of the pressure distribution in the contact spot. Reasonable correlation between calculated and experimental magnitudes of the material removal rate for glass polishing lends support to the validity of the approach.

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2

Singh, Anant Kumar, Sunil Jha, and Pulak M. Pandey. "Magnetorheological Ball End Finishing Process." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 27, no. 4 (April 2012): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2011.551911.

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3

Grover, Vishwas, and Anant Kumar Singh. "Modeling of surface roughness in the magnetorheological cylindrical finishing process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 233, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408917746354.

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The magnetorheological cylindrical finishing process is developed for fine finishing of the internal surface of cylindrical objects. The process uses smart fluid known as magnetorheological polishing fluid. This fluid consists of carbonyl iron (CI) and silicon carbide (SiC) abrasive particles mixed in the base fluid. The magnetorheological cylindrical finishing process consists of an internal finishing tool, which induces magnetic field over its outer surface due to which CI particles experience magnetic force and form chains between the magnetized tool outer surface and inner surface of the cylindrical workpiece. The CI particles push SiC abrasive particles towards the inner surface of the cylindrical workpiece and with the movement of finishing tool inside the cylindrical workpiece, finishing is performed in the process. In the present work, a mathematical model is developed for calculating the change in surface roughness values in the magnetorheological cylindrical finishing process after consideration of forces as acting on SiC particles. To validate the proposed mathematical model, the experimentation is performed by the magnetorheological cylindrical finishing process for finishing the internal surface of cylindrical hardened ferromagnetic steel workpiece. Results of both i.e. mathematical modeling and experimentation are found to be in close agreement with least percentage error of 1.28%. The developed mathematical model is helpful in predicting the process performance, which proves to be useful for industries dealing with internal finishing like injection molding, gas, and liquid pipes, etc.

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4

Kang, Gui Wen, and Fei Hu Zhang. "Optics Manufacturing Using Magnetorheological Finishing." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.274.

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Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a novel precision optical machining technology. Owing to its flexible finishing process, MRF can eliminate subsurface damage, smooth rms micro roughness and correct surface figure errors. The finishing process can be easily controlled by a computer. Through proper designing of numerical control, sphere and asphere optics can be machined by magnetorheological finishing with high quality. Optical sphere is machined using dwell time algorithm and surface shape 2 pt. PV has been improved from 0.17um to 0.07um.

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5

Mangal, S., and M. Kataria. "Characterization of Magnetorheological Finishing Fluid for Continuous Flow Finishing Process." Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 11, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 1751–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jafm.11.06.28928.

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6

Iqbal, Faiz, Zafar Alam, Dilshad Ahmad Khan, and Sunil Jha. "Automated insular surface finishing by ball end magnetorheological finishing process." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 37, no. 4 (November 8, 2021): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2021.2001502.

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7

Sharma, Anand, and M. S. Niranjan. "Magnetorheological Fluid Finishing of Soft Materials: A Critical Review." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 4, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35121/ijapie201901138.

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Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) is one of the precision finishing processes and recently commercialized method for finishing of various materials like optical glasses, metals, non-metals etc. This method utilizes a suspension consisting of a fluid carrier which can be water or oil, both magnetic and non-magnetic particles and stabilizing agents. Rheological behavior of this mixture of magnetorheological (MR) fluid with abrasives changes under the influence of magnetic field which in turn regulates the finishing forces during finishing processes. Present study critically reviews the MRF process used for achieving nano-level finishing of soft materials and the advancements made in this process

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8

Hashmi, Abdul Wahab, Harlal Singh Mali, Anoj Meena, Irshad Ahamad Khilji, Chaitanya Reddy Chilakamarry, and Siti Nadiah binti Mohd Saffe. "Experimental investigation on magnetorheological finishing process parameters." Materials Today: Proceedings 48 (2022): 1892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.355.

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9

Hashmi, Abdul Wahab, Harlal Singh Mali, Anoj Meena, Irshad Ahamad Khilji, Chaitanya Reddy Chilakamarry, and Siti Nadiah binti Mohd Saffe. "Experimental investigation on magnetorheological finishing process parameters." Materials Today: Proceedings 48 (2022): 1892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.355.

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10

Khatri, Neha, Suman Tewary, Xavier J. Manoj, Harry Garg, and Vinod Karar. "Magnetorheological finishing of silicon for nanometric surface generation: An experimental and simulation study." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 11 (April 24, 2018): 2456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18770869.

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Silicon mirrors are essential for guiding the X-ray beam and focusing it to a specific location. These mirrors using total internal reflection require super smooth surface finish due to small wavelength of X-ray. Magnetorheological finishing is a computer-controlled technique used in the production of high-quality optical lenses. This process utilizes polishing slurries based on magnetorheological fluids, whose viscosity changes with the change in magnetic field. In this work, polishing potential of silicon mirrors by magnetorheological finishing process is examined to achieve nanometric surface finish for X-ray applications. The individual effect of parameters such as magnetizing current, working gap, rotational speed on surface roughness is investigated, and optimized parameters are identified. To investigate the physical essence underlying magnetorheological finishing process, the molecular dynamics simulations are used. Molecular dynamics simulation is used to study the atomic-scale removal mechanism of single-crystalline silicon in magnetorheological finishing process and attention is paid to study the effect of gap between the tool and the workpiece on surface quality. The outcome is promising and the final surface roughness achieved is as low as 6.4 nm. The surface quality is analyzed in terms of arithmetic roughness, power spectral density, and image analysis of scanning electron microscopy for uniform evaluation.

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11

Yang, Zhi Qiang, Zhong Da Guo, and Wei Guo Liu. "Clitella Magnetorheological Finishing Method and Equipment." Key Engineering Materials 552 (May 2013): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.552.227.

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Clitella magnetorheological finishing is a processing ultra-smooth surface method, which has high processing efficiency and relatively low precision machine tool mechanical structure. This paper introduced processing methods that use a clitella magnetorheological finishing technology to achieve an arbitrary radius of curvature of the spherical optical parts. The paper design the device and use this device to process experiments. The experimental results have shown that this method can process optical parts.

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12

Kang, Gui Wen, and Fei Hu Zhang. "Research on Material Removal Mechanism of Magnetorheological Finishing." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.133.

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Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a novel precision optical machining technology. MRF utilizes magnetic particles, nonmagnetic polishing abrasives in carrier fluid, and a magnetic field to finish optical materials. Owing to its flexible finishing process, MRF eliminates subsurface damage, corrects surface figure errors and the finishing process can be easily controlled by computer. To achieve deterministic finishing, it’s necessary to know the mechanism of material removal. Different magnetorheological fluids are used to finish optical glass on the same machining condition. The material removal and surface quality are examined after finishing with no polishing abrasive, aluminium oxide and cerium oxide. The results show that the hardness of polishing abrasive is not the main factors to affect material removal.

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13

Singh, Manpreet, and Anant Kumar Singh. "Theoretical investigations into magnetorheological finishing of external cylindrical surfaces for improved performance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 24 (June 20, 2020): 4872–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220931550.

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Fine finishing entails increased percentage contact area, less friction, and less wear. The magnetorheological finishing is a precision process to obtain the fine finishing on the workpiece surface for improved functional applications. So, the rotary rectangular core-based magnetorheological finishing process is utilized for the precise finishing of the cylindrical external surfaces. The rotary-rectangular shaped tool core tip surface provides the uniformly magnetic flux concentration that further benefit to offer the uniform fine finishing on the cylindrical work-part's external surface. In this work, a theoretical model is developed to predict the reduction in the surface asperities during the magnetorheological finishing of the external cylindrical surfaces. The rotational speed of the rectangular tool core on the rotating cylindrical work-part enhances the relative speed of active abrasives, which decreases the pitch, helix angle, and increases the helical path length. These results enhance the uniform precise finishing on the cylindrical work-parts and also enhances the process performance. For validation of the theoretical roughness model, the experiments have been performed on the cylindrical external surface of the H13 die steel workpiece. The percentage error between the experimentally obtained Ra value and theoretical Ra value is found to be −4.76% to 3.06%, which shows the good agreement between the theoretical model and experimental results. It also shows the practicality and accuracy of the present process while finishing the H13 die steel and it is useful for many industrial applications.

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14

Paswan, Sunil K., and Anant K. Singh. "Analysis of finishing performance in rotating magnetorheological honing process with the effect of particles motion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 235, no. 4 (January 26, 2021): 1104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408921990132.

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The particles used in magnetorheological polishing (MRP) fluid are the key components of the magnetorheological (MR) finishing processes. The rotational magnetorheological honing (R-MRH) process is recently developed as a highly productive MR finishing process which is used for finishing the internal surface of the industrial cylindric components. The involvement of micron-sized abrasive particles of MRP fluid in the finishing operation results in the invisible observation of the finishing mechanism which enables the urge of analyzing the motion of the particles during the present R-MRH process. Therefore, the effect of motions of the MRP-fluid’s particles is analyzed for nano-finishing performance on the inside surface of the cylindric workpieces. The motions performed by active abrasive particles on the inside surface of the rotating hollow cylindric workpiece cause a higher finishing rate. The effects of particle motions on the reduction in surface roughness and improvement in surface morphology confirm the usefulness of the R-MRH process. The surface finish with the effect of the particles' motions of the MRP-fluid in the R-MRH process on the stationary workpiece’s inner surface is achieved upto 100 nm from 420 nm of the initial ground surface in 60 min of finishing. Whereas, the same aforementioned surface of the rotating workpiece is finished upto 50 nm from the same initial ground surface in only 40 min of finishing with the effect of the particles' motions of the MRP-fluid. The improvement in the surface finish is also noticed through the scanning electron micrographs in this work. The significant change in surface finish obtained in experimentations confirms the integrity of the analytical study conducted for understanding the effects of motions of particles while finishing with the R-MRH process.

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15

Jha, Sunil, and Vijay Kumar Jain. "Parametric analysis of magnetorheological abrasive flow finishing process." International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management 13, no. 2/3/4 (2008): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmtm.2008.016779.

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16

Das, Manas, V. K. Jain, and P. S. Ghoshdastidar. "Analysis of magnetorheological abrasive flow finishing (MRAFF) process." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 38, no. 5-6 (June 21, 2007): 613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-007-1095-8.

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17

Ranjan, Prabhat, R. Balasubramaniam, and V. K. Jain. "Analysis of magnetorheological fluid behavior in chemo-mechanical magnetorheological finishing (CMMRF) process." Precision Engineering 49 (July 2017): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2017.02.001.

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18

Kordonski, William, and Don Golini. "Progress Update in Magnetorheological Finishing." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 14n16 (June 30, 1999): 2205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299002320.

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In magnetorheological finishing (MRF), magnetically stiffened magnetorheological (MR) abrasive fluid flows through a preset converging gap that is formed by a workpiece surface and a moving rigid wall, to create precise material removal and polishing. Theoretical analysis of MRF, based on Bingham lubrication theory, illustrates that the formation of a core attached to the moving wall results in dramatically high stress on the workpiece surface. A correlation between surface stress on the workpiece and material removal is obtained. A unique attribute of the MRF process is its determinism. MRF has been successfully implemented to polish optical surfaces to very high precision. MRF reduces the surface micro roughness of optical materials to ≤ 10A. Figure errors are corrected to a fraction of a wavelength of light and subsurface damage is removed. A wide range of optical surface shapes, including aspheres, has been polished on many different materials. Other applications in precision finishing are being considered, including integrated circuits and advanced ceramics.

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19

Kumari, Chinu, and Sanjay Kumar Chak. "A review on magnetically assisted abrasive finishing and their critical process parameters." Manufacturing Review 5 (2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2018010.

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Magnetically assisted abrasive finishing (MAAF) processes are the precision material removal processes that have been applied to a large variety of materials from brittle to ductile and from magnetic to non magnetic. The MAAF process relies on a unique “smart fluid”, known as Magnetorheological (MR) fluid. MR fluids are suspensions of micron sized magnetizable particles such as carbonyl iron, dispersed in a non-magnetic carrier medium like silicone oil, mineral oil or water. The MAAF processes overcome the limitation of abrasive flow machining by deterministically control the abrading forces by applying magnetic field around the workpiece. MAAF process is divided into two parts; one is magnetorheological finishing (MRF) and another is magnetorheological abrasive flow finishing (MRAFF). The MRAFF process gives better results as compared to results of MRF because it has additional reciprocating motion of MR fluid. In this article the attempt has been made to review various technical papers related to MRF and MRAFF. The experimental setups, process parameters, MR fluid, modeling & optimization and applications are discussed in this paper. This review article will be useful to academicians, researchers and practitioners as it comprises significant knowledge pertaining to MAAF.

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20

Kang, Gui Wen, and Fei Hu Zhang. "Research on Material Removal of Magnetorheological Finishing." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.285.

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Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a novel precision optical machining technology. Owing to its flexible finishing process, MRF can eliminate subsurface damage, smooth rms micro roughness and correct surface figure errors. The finishing process can be easily controlled by a computer. Material removal model in MRF is established. According to Preston equation in optical machining, mathematic model of material removal rate in MRF rotating at fixed rate is established through hydrodynamic analysis of the MR fluid flow in the polishing zone. The validity of the model is examined by the experimental results.

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21

Pattanaik, Laxmi Narayan, and Himanshu Agarwal. "Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) of a Freeform Non-magnetic Work Material." Journal for Manufacturing Science and Production 15, no. 3 (September 15, 2015): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmsp-2014-0034.

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AbstractOne of the newly developed methods for obtaining super-finished shiny surfaces for non-magnetic freeform jobs is magnetorheological finishing (MRF). MRF is an advanced finishing process in which the grinding force is controlled by magnetic field. The material removal in MRF is governed by the magnetorheological (MR) fluid which mainly consists of carbonyl iron (CI), abrasive particles, carrier fluids and additives. It is a precision-finishing process that can finish complicated geometries or difficult-to-approach regions. MRF process is capable of giving nanometre-scale surface finish. The process makes use of an MR fluid as a tool that acts as a flexible magnetic abrasive brush that provides finishing action. The relative motion between the finishing medium and the work can be obtained either by rotating the work, rotating the finishing medium or both. In the present paper, a set-up has been developed for MRF application using a pillar-drilling machine. Experiments were conducted to finish freeform jobs of copper alloy using the developed process. The effects of various process parameters, viz composition of the MR fluid, rotational speed of work and vessel containing MR fluid, mesh size of abrasives on surface finish, were explored.

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22

Sidpara, Ajay, and V. K. Jain. "Nano–level finishing of single crystal silicon blank using magnetorheological finishing process." Tribology International 47 (March 2012): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2011.10.008.

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23

Wang, Bo, Feng Shi, Guipeng Tie, Wanli Zhang, Ci Song, Ye Tian, and Yongxiang Shen. "The Cause of Ribbon Fluctuation in Magnetorheological Finishing and Its Influence on Surface Mid-Spatial Frequency Error." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050697.

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In the high-power laser system, the mid-spatial frequency error of the surface of the high-power laser component will affect the normal operation of the high-power laser system. In order to improve the mid-spatial frequency error of the high-power laser component after magnetorheological finishing, the causes and influencing factors of the ribbon fluctuation in magnetorheological finishing are studied, and the influence of different ribbon fluctuation on the mid-spatial frequency error of the surface is studied. Firstly, the influence of different ribbon fluctuations on the mid-spatial frequency error of the machined surface is simulated by a computer. Secondly, the magnetic field in the circumferential direction of the polishing wheel, the fluctuation amount and frequency of the magnetorheological polishing ribbon are measured, and then the causes of the fluctuation of the magnetorheological polishing ribbon are analyzed. Moreover, through the principle of a single variable, the influence of process parameters on the fluctuation of magnetorheological polishing ribbon is explored. Finally, the fused silica component is scanned uniformly under the process parameters of magnetorheological polishing ribbon fluctuation of 40 μm, 80 μm, 150 μm, and 200 μm. The experimental results show that the greater the ribbon fluctuation, the greater the surface mid-spatial frequency error of the component, and the ribbon fluctuation is approximately linear with the RMS of the PSD2 in the mid-spatial frequency band on the surface of the component. Therefore, the fluctuation of the ribbon can be controlled by controlling the magnetorheological processing parameters, and the mid-spatial frequency band error on the surface of the high-power laser component can be significantly reduced by optimizing process parameters after magnetorheological finishing.

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24

Shafrir, Shai N., John C. Lambropoulos, and Stephen D. Jacobs. "Toward Magnetorheological Finishing of Magnetic Materials." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 129, no. 5 (March 9, 2007): 961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2738540.

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Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a precision optical finishing process traditionally limited to processing only nonmagnetic materials, e.g., optical glasses, ceramics, polymers, and metals. Here we demonstrate that MRF can be used for material removal from magnetic material surfaces. Our approach is to place an MRF spot on machined surfaces of magnetic WC-Co materials. The resulting surface roughness is comparable to that produced on nonmagnetic materials. This spotting technique may be used to evaluate the depth of subsurface damage, or deformed layer, induced by earlier manufacturing steps, such as grinding and lapping.

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25

Zhang, Yun, Jing Shan Zhao, and Yu Yue Wang. "Perpendicular Axis Magnetorheological Finishing of Spherical Optics." Advanced Materials Research 628 (December 2012): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.628.161.

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Magnetorheological Finishing, MRF can achieve deterministic results on different surface shapes such as flat surfaces, spherical surfaces and aspheric surfaces. MRF can also overcome many drawbacks of the conventional polishing process. The schedule uncertainties driven by edge roll and edge control are virtually eliminated with the MRF process. This paper presents a polishing wheel that combines rotation motion with revolution motion while renewing the MR fluid. Stable removal characteristic can be obtained by using the composite-rotation wheel. This paper also presents some recent results of the deterministic finishing typified by the tool and its MR fluid circulation system. An example of finishing a square optical workpiece with spherical surface will be reviewed.

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26

Cheng, Hao Bo, Jing Feng Zhi, and Yong Bo Wu. "Process Technology of Aspherical Mirrors Manufacturing with Magnetorheological Finishing." Materials Science Forum 471-472 (December 2004): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.6.

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27

Yang Hang, 杨航, 宋书飘 Song Shupiao, 张帅 Zhang Shuai, 甘欢 Gan Huan, 黄文 Huang Wen, and 何建国 He Jianguo. "Response Time of Flow Transient Process of Magnetorheological Finishing." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 57, no. 3 (2020): 032201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop57.032201.

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28

Yang, Hang, Changguo Yan, Yunfei Zhang, and Wen Huang. "Migrating magnetorheological finishing process plans between different optical materials." Optical Engineering 59, no. 01 (January 10, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.59.1.015103.

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29

Singh, Gagandeep, Anant Kumar Singh, and Prince Garg. "Development of magnetorheological finishing process for external cylindrical surfaces." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 32, no. 5 (August 17, 2016): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2016.1221082.

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30

Houshi, Mohannad Naeem. "A Comprehensive Review on Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process." Advanced Engineering Forum 18 (September 2016): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.18.1.

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In the nanotechnology era, the need for products with high quality and surfaces with free-from damage has become an urgent necessity. Many components in the precision industries such as electronics, automobile, medical, and aviation require high surface finish to meet their functional requirements, such as, reducing fluid flow resistance, friction, optical losses and increase fatigue strength. However, the scale of such surface quality cannot be achieved by traditional finishing methods. To overcome these limitations, many advanced finishing processes have been developed such as abrasive flow finishing, magnetorheological fluid finishing, magnetic float polishing, and chemical mechanical polishing and magnetic abrasive finishing. Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) is one of advanced finishing processes which offers superior surface finish over conventional finishing processes, because of its self-adaptability to finish of different geometric shapes, its a gentle tool which does not impact workpiece surface, its capability to polish advanced engineering materials and its low cost. This article has been focused on MAF, as well as reviewing of advanced finishing processes. The recent researches and challenges of MAF have been discussed as well.

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31

Ranjan, Prabhat, R. Balasubramaniam, and V. K. Suri. "Development of chemo-mechanical magnetorheological finishing process for super finishing of copper alloy." International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management 27, no. 4/5/6 (2013): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmtm.2013.058909.

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32

Das, Manas, V. K. Jain, and P. S. Ghoshdastidar. "NANO-FINISHING OF STAINLESS-STEEL TUBES USING ROTATIONAL MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL ABRASIVE FLOW FINISHING PROCESS." Machining Science and Technology 14, no. 3 (November 2010): 365–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10910344.2010.511865.

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33

Kumar, Mayank, Tharra Bhavani, Sunil Rawal, and Ajay Sidpara. "Magnetorheological Finishing of Chemically Treated Electroless Nickel Plating." Magnetochemistry 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2022): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8120184.

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Electroless nickel plating with a nanofinished surface is used in space mirrors, automobile parts, aircraft components, optical instruments, and electronic equipment. Finishing of these components using conventional finishing techniques is limited due to size, shape, material, and process constraints. This work reports the nanofinishing of electroless nickel-plated surfaces using a magnetorheological finishing process where the surfaces are pre-treated with chemicals. The chemicals used in this work are hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydrofluoric acid (HF). The effect of exposure time and concentration on the microhardness and roughness is studied to understand the surface chemistry after chemical treatment. The hydrogen peroxide forms a passivated layer, and it helps in easy material removal. Hydrofluoric acid improves surface quality and also helps in the removal of contaminants. The finished surface is characterized to understand the effect of chemical treatment on the finishing rate and surface topography. Normal and tangential forces are mainly affected by the hardness and surface condition after the chemical treatment. The best combination of parameters (chemical treatment with 1% HF for 30 min) was obtained and finishing was carried out to obtain a nanofinished surface with its areal surface roughness (Sa) reduced to 10 nm.

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34

Kang, Gui Wen. "Discussion on Laser Cleaning of Optical Surface Machined by Magnetorheological Finishing." Advanced Materials Research 135 (October 2010): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.135.409.

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Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a novel precision optical machining technology. Owing to its flexible finishing process, MRF can eliminate subsurface damage, smooth rms micro roughness and correct surface figure errors. Through proper designing of numerical control, sphere and asphere optics can be machined by magnetorheological finishing with high quality. Owing to it’s excellence in optical manufacturing, MRF has gained more and more application in industry. Under most conditions the optical surface after MRF would have certain contaminant particles and this would affect its working ability in future use. Formerly the polished workpiece is cleaned by flowing water or ultrasonic cleaning and the contaminat particles couldn’t be totally removed. Laser cleaning is brought forward in this paper and good results could be anticipated.

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35

Singh, Gagandeep, and Arvind Jayant. "Investigation of Process Parameters of a Novel Magnetorheological Finishing Process for External Cylindrical Surfaces." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 9, no. 3 (April 28, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_009-003_001132.

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The recent rise in the demand for high precision, close tolerances, and super surface finish quality of components and part assembly modules in the competitive manufacturing industrial environment for the enhanced working life and functional requirements of machines globally. Three revolving curved tip tools based magnetorheological process is designed and developed to fine finish the external cylindrical surfaces of soft and hard materials. The effect of the key operational machining parameters on the surface roughness of a newly developed magnetorheological process was carried out using a one factor at a time method. The magnetizing current, the revolving speed of the tools, the rotational speed of the workpiece, workpiece traverse speed are the parameters that have been considered for this purpose. The experimentation has been performed on the aluminium workpiece because of its broad applicability, such as manufacturing shafts, rods, pistons, and other circular components. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the range of essential control parameters for the newly developed finishing process. The percentage reduction in Ra, Rq, and Rz values are 69.64%, 58.21%, and 54.48%, respectively, after 60 minutes of finishing at magnetizing current 2A, the revolving speed of the tools 30 RPM, the rotation speed of the workpiece 600 RPM and feed 10 cm/min.

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Gheisari, R., A. A. Ghasemi, M. Jafarkarimi, and S. Mohtaram. "Experimental studies on the ultra-precision finishing of cylindrical surfaces using magnetorheological finishing process." Production & Manufacturing Research 2, no. 1 (January 2014): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21693277.2014.945265.

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Kordonski, William I., Aric B. Shorey, and Marc Tricard. "Magnetorheological Jet (MR JetTM) Finishing Technology." Journal of Fluids Engineering 128, no. 1 (April 17, 2005): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2140802.

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Conformal (or freeform) and steep concave optics are important classes of optics that are difficult to finish using conventional techniques due to mechanical interferences and steep local slopes. One suitable way to polish these classes of optics is by using a jet of abrasive/fluid mixture. The energy required for polishing may be supplied by the radial spread of a liquid jet, which impinges a surface to be polished. Such fluid flow may generate sufficient surface shear stress to provide material removal in the regime of chemical mechanical polishing. Once translated into a polishing technique, this unique tool may resolve a challenging problem of finishing steep concave surfaces and cavities. A fundamental property of a fluid jet is that it begins to lose its coherence as the jet exits a nozzle. This is due to a combination of abruptly imposed longitudinal and lateral pressure gradients, surface tension forces, and aerodynamic disturbance. This results in instability of the flow over the impact zone and consequently polishing spot instability. To be utilized in deterministic high precision finishing of remote objects, a stable, relatively high-speed, low viscosity fluid jet, which remains collimated and coherent before it impinges the surface to be polished, is required. A method of jet stabilization has been proposed, developed, and demonstrated whereby the round jet of magnetorheological fluid is magnetized by an axial magnetic field when it flows out of the nozzle. It has been experimentally shown that a magnetically stabilized round jet of magnetorheological (MR) polishing fluid generates a reproducible material removal function (polishing spot) at a distance of several tens of centimeters from the nozzle. The interferometrically derived distribution of material removal for an axisymmetric MR Jet™ , which impinges normal to a plane glass surface, coincides well with the radial distribution of rate of work calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. Polishing results support the assertion that the MR Jet finishing process may produce high precision surfaces on glass and single crystals. The technology is most attractive for the finishing of complex shapes like freeform optics, steep concaves, and cavities.

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Zhuang, Xulong, Mingming Lu, Jiakang Zhou, Jieqiong Lin, and Weixing Li. "Improved magnetorheological finishing process with arc magnet for borosilicate glass." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 37, no. 4 (November 18, 2021): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2021.2006222.

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Singh, Anant Kumar, Sunil Jha, and Pulak M. Pandey. "Parametric analysis of an improved ball end magnetorheological finishing process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 226, no. 9 (August 16, 2012): 1550–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405412453805.

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Singh, Anant Kumar, Sunil Jha, and Pulak M. Pandey. "Mechanism of material removal in ball end magnetorheological finishing process." Wear 302, no. 1-2 (April 2013): 1180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2012.11.082.

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Das, Manas, V. K. Jain, and P. S. Ghoshdastidar. "Fluid flow analysis of magnetorheological abrasive flow finishing (MRAFF) process." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 48, no. 3-4 (March 2008): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2007.09.004.

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Sidpara, Ajay, and V. K. Jain. "Experimental investigations into forces during magnetorheological fluid based finishing process." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 51, no. 4 (April 2011): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2010.12.002.

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Bedi, Talwinder Singh, and Anant Kumar Singh. "A new magnetorheological finishing process for ferromagnetic cylindrical honed surfaces." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 33, no. 11 (January 19, 2017): 1141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2016.1269925.

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Ranjan, Prabhat, R. Balasubramaniam, and V. K. Suri. "Modelling and simulation of chemo-mechanical magnetorheological finishing (CMMRF) process." International Journal of Precision Technology 4, no. 3/4 (2014): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijptech.2014.067743.

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Khan, Dilshad Ahmad, Sunil Jha, Zafar Alam, and Faiz Iqbal. "Constant work gap perpetuation in ball end magnetorheological finishing process." International Journal of Precision Technology 8, no. 2/3/4 (2019): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijptech.2019.10022608.

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Sidpara, Ajay, and V. K. Jain. "Theoretical analysis of forces in magnetorheological fluid based finishing process." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 56, no. 1 (March 2012): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2012.01.001.

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Jayant and V. K. Jain. "Analysis of finishing forces and surface finish during magnetorheological abrasive flow finishing of asymmetric workpieces." Journal of Micromanufacturing 2, no. 2 (April 9, 2019): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516598418818260.

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Magnetorheological abrasive flow finishing (MRAFF) is an advanced hybrid process for producing ultrafine finished surfaces. Such surfaces reduce frictional forces and thereby minimize wear and tear to increase functional lifetime of the components. In the present research work, a model has been developed for simulating the results of MRAFF process. First, magnetic field is simulated and then a detailed study on the rheology of the magnetorheological polishing (MRP) fluid is conducted to develop a viscosity model for the flow of non-Newtonian shear thinning fluid. To calculate the forces acting in the process of material removal, the flow of MRP fluid around an asymmetric workpiece (knee joint) in a spatially varying magnetic field is simulated. Finishing forces exerted by the abrasive particles on the workpiece surface are analysed to develop a model for predicting surface roughness. A methodology has been proposed to evolve a variable correction factor to determine active abrasive particles at different locations on the workpiece surface for accurate simulation of surface finish operation. It is found that the magnetic field greatly influences the process performance by governing the viscosity of the MRP fluid and the distribution of the abrasive particles in the medium. During finishing of an asymmetric workpiece, the surface finish obtained at different locations on the workpiece surface is different. The developed model is capable to predict final surface finish within the acceptable accuracy when compared with the experimental results.

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Xu, Chao, Xiaoqiang Peng, Hao Hu, Junfeng Liu, Huang Li, Tiancong Luo, and Tao Lai. "Nano-Precision Processing of NiP Coating by Magnetorheological Finishing." Nanomaterials 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2023): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13142118.

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NiP coating has excellent physicochemical properties and is one of the best materials for coating optical components. When processing NiP coatings on optical components, single-point diamond turning (SPDT) is generally adopted as the first process. However, SPDT turning produces periodic turning patterns on the workpiece, which impacts the optical performance of the component. Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a deterministic sub-aperture polishing process based on computer-controlled optical surface forming that can correct surface shape errors and improve the surface quality of workpieces. This paper analyzes the characteristics of NiP coating and develops a magnetorheological fluid specifically for the processing of NiP coating. Based on the basic Preston principle, a material removal model for the MRF polishing of NiP coating was established, and the MRF manufacturing process was optimized by orthogonal tests. The optimized MRF polishing process quickly removes the SPDT turning tool pattern from the NiP coating surface and corrects surface profile errors. At the same time, the surface quality of the NiP coating has also been improved, with the surface roughness increasing from Ra 2.054 nm for SPDT turning to Ra 0.705 nm.

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Li, Yao Ming, Xing Quan Shen, and Ai Ling Wang. "Research on Material Removal Modeling and Processing Parameters of Magnetorheological Finishing." Advanced Materials Research 102-104 (March 2010): 746–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.102-104.746.

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Magnetorheological Finishing(MRF) is an advanced optical manufacturing technology, It is a kind of deterministic process. It conquers the defections such as low-efficiency and low-grade surface quality of the traditional method. Deduced from the hydrodynamic lubrication theory of the Bingham plastic flow, the material removal model of MRF is established. The reliability of the model is verified by the experiment. finally, we get the mean Preston coefficient by the theoretical curve and the actual measured curves, the value will be applied to optical components of the computer-controlled MRF operation. Through the magnetorheological finishing experiments , the results that compared with the experimental results in good agreement prove that our proposed model is reasonable.

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Li, Xiaoyuan, Qikai Li, Zuoyan Ye, Yunfei Zhang, Minheng Ye, and Chao Wang. "Surface Roughness Tuning at Sub-Nanometer Level by Considering the Normal Stress Field in Magnetorheological Finishing." Micromachines 12, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080997.

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Although magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is being widely utilized to achieve ultra-smooth optical surfaces, the mechanisms for obtaining such extremely low roughness after the MRF process are not fully understood, especially the impact of finishing stresses. Herein we carefully investigated the relationship between the stresses and surface roughness. Normal stress shows stronger impacts on the surface roughness of fused silica (FS) when compared with the shear stress. In addition, normal stress in the polishing zone was found to be sensitive to the immersion depth of the magnetorheological (MR) fluid. Based on the above, a fine tuning of surface roughness (RMS: 0.22 nm) was obtained. This work fills gaps in understanding about the stresses that influence surface roughness during MRF.

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