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Journal articles on the topic 'Magneto-optical garnet'

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Published: 17 September 2022

Last updated: 18 September 2022

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1

FERNANDEZ-GARCIA, LUCIA, MARTA SUAREZ, and JOSE LUIS MENENDEZ. "OPTICAL AND MAGNETO-OPTICAL ACTIVITY ON PARTIALLY SINTERED Y3Fe5O12 MATERIALS." Functional Materials Letters 03, no. 04 (December 2010): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604710001329.

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The optical and magneto-optical activities of yttrium iron garnet are shown to depend on the sintering stage. Low density yttrium iron garnet presents a lower optical activity than the high density garnet. The magneto-optical activity decreases at energies in which the optical transitions are associated to crystal field, indicating a relationship between the optical activity and the distortion of the structure. Finally, a calculation routine has been given to obtain the different elements of the dielectric tensor in bulk materials.

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2

Simion, B. M., R. Ramesh, E. Marinero, R. L. Pfeffer, and G. Thomas. "Microstructural and magneto-optical characterization of ferrimagnetic multilayered thin-film rare-earth iron garnet heterostructures." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 898–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010017222x.

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The continuous demands of the computer industry for increased reliability, portability, and density of storage media, has opened a new chapter in the magnetic recording research, by focusing on the viability of magneto-optical materials for storage. Several materials are considered presently to be at the forefront of this new quest: ternary rare-earth transition-metal alloys (such as GdTbFe or TbFeCo), garnets, and Co/Pt or Co/Pd mutilayers. Of these, the ferrimagnetic garnets, due to their relatively flexible structure, may accommodate a large number of substituting ions, allowing thus for a very good control of their magnetic and magneto-optical properties. The good results obtained during thegrowth of epitaxial superconducting oxide thin films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), has encouragedus to try this novel deposition technique in the growth of multilayered heteroepitaxial ferrimagneticiron garnet thin films.Superlattice heterostructures consisting of alternating single crystalline ferrimagnetic yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) and bismuth-iron-garnet (BIG) thin film layers, as well as alternating YIG and europiumsubstituted BIG (EBIG), were deposited on single crystalline (111) paramagnetic gadolinium-galliumgarnet (GGG) substrates.

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3

Nur-E-Alam, Mohammad, Mikhail Vasiliev, Kamal Alameh, and Viacheslav Kotov. "Physical Properties and Behaviour of Highly Bi-Substituted Magneto-Optic Garnets for Applications in Integrated Optics and Photonics." Advances in Optical Technologies 2011 (August 2, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/971267.

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Rare-earth and Bi-substituted iron garnet thin film materials exhibit strong potential for application in various fields of science and frontier optical technologies. Bi-substituted iron garnets possess extraordinary optical and MO properties and are still considered as the best MO functional materials for various emerging integrated optics and photonics applications. However, these MO garnet materials are rarely seen in practical photonics use due to their high optical losses in the visible spectral region. In this paper, we report on the physical properties and magneto-optic behaviour of high-performance RF sputtered highly bismuth-substituted iron garnet and garnet-oxide nanocomposite films of generic composition type (Bi, Dy/Lu)3(Fe, Ga/Al)5O12. Our newly synthesized garnet materials form high-quality nanocrystalline thin film layers which demonstrate excellent optical and MO properties suitable for a wide range of applications in integrated optics and photonics.

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4

Mansurova, M., and O. V. Kolokoltsev. "Spectral Domain Magneto-Optical Magnetometry." Solid State Phenomena 190 (June 2012): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.190.373.

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In this work we present a new concept for measuring high intensity pulsed magnetic fields (h (t)) through the spectral analysis of spin excitations in a saturated yttrium-iron garnet (YIG) thin film grown on a gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrate. The spectrum of spin excitations, generated in the sample by picosecond h (t), was determined with the help of a magnetooptical (MO) Faraday probe in the guided wave regime of lightwave propagation. This technique, compared to the standard MO cells, allows one to avoid saturation effects because the amplitude of h (t) is measured in the frequency domain, and allows us to realize the analysis in real time taking advantage of strong a MO signal.

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5

Kotov, V., M. Nur-E-Alam, M. Vasiliev, K. Alameh, D. Balabanov, and V. Burkov. "Enhanced Magneto-Optic Properties in Sputtered Bi- Containing Ferrite Garnet Thin Films Fabricated Using Oxygen Plasma Treatment and Metal Oxide Protective Layers." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 5113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225113.

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Magneto-optic (MO) imaging and sensing are at present the most developed practical applications of thin-film MO garnet materials. However, in order to improve sensitivity for a range of established and forward-looking applications, the technology and component-related advances are still necessary. These improvements are expected to originate from new material system development. We propose a set of technological modifications for the RF-magnetron sputtering deposition and crystallization annealing of magneto-optic bismuth-substituted iron-garnet films and investigate the improved material properties. Results show that standard crystallization annealing for the as-deposited ultrathin (sputtered 10 nm thick, amorphous phase) films resulted in more than a factor of two loss in the magneto-optical activity of the films in the visible spectral region, compared to the liquid-phase grown epitaxial films. Results also show that an additional 10 nm-thick metal-oxide (Bi2O3) protective layer above the amorphous film results in ~2.7 times increase in the magneto-optical quality of crystallized iron-garnet films. On the other hand, the effects of post-deposition oxygen (O2) plasma treatment on the magneto-optical (MO) properties of Bismuth substituted iron garnet thin film materials are investigated. Results show that in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum (at 532 nm), the O2 treated (up to 3 min) garnet films retain higher specific Faraday rotation and figures of merit compared to non-treated garnet films.

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6

Grishin, A. M., and S. I. Khartsev. "All-Garnet Magneto-Optical Photonic Crystals." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 32, no. 2_2 (2008): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/msjmag.32.140.

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7

Itoh, Akiyoshi. "Garnet Films for Magneto-Optical Recording." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 28, S3 (January 1, 1989): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.28s3.15.

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8

Gualtieri, D. M. "Magneto‐optical waveguides of aluminum garnet." Journal of Applied Physics 73, no. 10 (May 15, 1993): 5626–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353618.

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9

Abe, M., and M. Gomi. "Magneto-optical recording on garnet films." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 84, no. 3 (March 1990): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(90)90099-c.

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10

Ishida, Eiichi, Kengo Miura, Yuya Shoji, Tetsuya Mizumoto, Nobuhiko Nishiyama, and Shigehisa Arai. "Magneto-optical switch with amorphous silicon waveguides on magneto-optical garnet." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 55, no. 8 (July 7, 2016): 088002. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjap.55.088002.

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11

Suzuki, Takao, and Hossein Nuri. "Novel magneto-optical recording materials: Bi-substituted garnet films." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 776–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100088191.

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For future high density magneto-optical recording materials, a Bi-substituted garnet film ((BiDy)3(FeGa)5O12) is an attractive candidate since it has strong magneto-optic effect at short wavelengths less than 600 nm. The signal in read back performance at 500 nm using a garnet film can be an order of magnitude higher than a current rare earth-transition metal amorphous film. However, the granularity and surface roughness of such crystalline garnet films are the key to control for minimizing media noise.We have demonstrated a new technique to fabricate a garnet film which has much smaller grain size and smoother surfaces than those annealed in a conventional oven. This method employs a high ramp-up rate annealing (Γ = 50 ~ 100 C/s) in nitrogen atmosphere. Fig.1 shows a typical microstruture of a Bi-susbtituted garnet film deposited by r.f. sputtering and then subsequently crystallized by a rapid thermal annealing technique at Γ = 50 C/s at 650 °C for 2 min. The structure is a single phase of garnet, and a grain size is about 300A.

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12

Hashimoto, Ryosuke, Toshiya Itaya, Hironaga Uchida, Yuya Funaki, and Syunsuke Fukuchi. "Properties of Magnetic Garnet Films for Flexible Magneto-Optical Indicators Fabricated by Spin-Coating Method." Materials 15, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031241.

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Non-destructive testing using a magneto-optical effect is a high-resolution non-destructive inspection technique for a metallic structure. It is able to provide high-spatial resolution images of defects. Previously, it has been difficult to fabricate flexible magneto-optical sensors because thermal treatment is necessary to crystallize the magnetic garnet. Therefore, it was not possible to apply magneto-optical imaging to complicated shapes in a test subject, such as a curved surface. In this study, we developed a new process for deposition of the magnetic garnet on the flexible substrate by applying the magnetic garnet powders that have already undergone crystallization. In this new process, as it does not require thermal treatment after deposition, flexible substrates with low heat resistance can be used. In this paper, we report our observations of the optical properties, magnetic hysteresis loop, crystallizability and density of the particles on the flexible substrate deposited by the spin-coating method.

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13

Shoji, Yuya, and Tetsuya Mizumoto. "Silicon Waveguide Optical Isolator with Directly Bonded Magneto-Optical Garnet." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030609.

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Silicon waveguide optical isolators were fabricated by direct bonding of magneto-optical (MO) garnet. The technique allowed efficient MO phase shift owing to the use of single-crystalline garnet and negligibly thin interlayer on the silicon core layer. A Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) provided optical isolation utilizing the MO phase shift. High isolation, wide bandwidth, and temperature-insensitive operations had been demonstrated by tailoring the MZI design. Also, transverse electric (TE)–transverse magnetic (TM) mode converters were integrated to control operating polarization. In this paper, we reviewed these progresses on silicon waveguide optical isolators.

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14

Mikhailova, T. V., Yu E. Vysokikh, A. N. Shaposhnikov, V. N. Berzhansky, S. Yu Krasnoborodko, M. F. Bulatov, D. V. Churikov, A. Karavainikov, and V. I. Belotelov. "Crystallization Double-Layer Magneto-Active Films for Magnetophotonics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2091, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2091/1/012049.

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Abstract Magneto-optics, magnetophotonics and magnetoplasmonics stay at the edge of scientific interests last years due to their unique features to manage the light and electromagnet field. Bi-substituted iron garnet (Bi:IG) is one of most promising magneto-optical material for these applications in order to its high efficiency in visible and infrared spectra. The possibility to integrate Bi:IG films to silicon semiconductor process leads to creation nanoscale hight performance magneto-optical devices. Bi:IG structures of different composition might be deposited by vacuum deposition on different substrates. The investigation of crystallization process of Bi:IG double-layer films at a different process parameter on gadolinium gallium garnet and fused quartz substrates allowing to determine dependences and suggestions for integration Bi:IG to semiconductor process or multicomponent optical nanostructures.

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15

SHIMOKAWA, K., H. DOHNOMAE, T. MUKAI, N. KAWAMURA, T. TAMAKI, R. SATO, M. KAJIURA, and T. NOMURA. "POLYCRYSTALLINE GARNET BILAYER FILMS FOR MAGNETO-OPTICAL RECORDING." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 17, S_1_MORIS_92 (1993): S1_85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.17.s1_85.

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16

SHIMOKAWA, K., H. DOHNOMAE, T. MUKAI, H. YAMADA, H. MATSUDA, and M. DAIMON. "MAGNETO-OPTICAL GARNET DISKS WITH ULTRA-FINE GRAINS." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 19, S_1_MORIS_94 (1995): S1_33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.19.s1_33.

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17

Stadler, B. J. H., and A. Gopinath. "Magneto-optical garnet films made by reactive sputtering." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 36, no. 6 (2000): 3957–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.914347.

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18

Kalashnikova, A. M., V. V. Pavlov, A. V. Kimel, A. Kirilyuk, Th Rasing, and R. V. Pisarev. "Magneto-optical study of holmium iron garnet Ho3Fe5O12." Low Temperature Physics 38, no. 9 (September 2012): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752105.

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19

Ansari, N., S. I. Khartsev, and A. M. Grishin. "Multicolor filter all-garnet magneto-optical photonic crystals." Optics Letters 37, no. 17 (August 22, 2012): 3552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.003552.

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20

Shimokawa, K., H. Dohnomae, T. Mukai, H. Yamada, H. Matsuda, and M. Daimon. "Nanocrystalline garnet disks for magneto-optical recording media." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 154, no. 2 (April 1996): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(95)00594-3.

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21

Pappas, Spiridon D., Philipp Lang, Tobias Eul, Michael Hartelt, Antonio García-Martín, Burkard Hillebrands, Martin Aeschlimann, and Evangelos Th Papaioannou. "Near-field mechanism of the enhanced broadband magneto-optical activity of hybrid Au loaded Bi:YIG." Nanoscale 12, no. 13 (2020): 7309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr00198h.

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22

Gizhevskiĭ, B. A., Yu P. Sukhorukov, E. A. Gan’shina, N. N. Loshkareva, A. V. Telegin, N. I. Lobachevskaya, V. S. Gaviko, and V. P. Pilyugin. "Optical and magneto-optical properties of nanostructured yttrium iron garnet." Physics of the Solid State 51, no. 9 (September 2009): 1836–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783409090121.

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23

Mikhailova, T. V., Yu E. Vysokikh, A. N. Shaposhnikov, V. N. Berzhansky, S. Yu Krasnoborodko, A. S. Lutovinov, M. F. Bulatov, and D. V. Churikov. "Crystallization of Bi-substituted iron garnet bi-layers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2086, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2086/1/012044.

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Abstract Magneto-optical (MO) structures are widely used for different application in the fields of magnetoplasmonics, magneto-optics, photonics e.t.c. Bi-substituted iron garnet (Bi:IG) is high-performance MO material. Integration of Bi:IG films to silicon semiconductor technology gives new opportunities to create nanoscale hight performance MO devices. Vacuum sputtering deposition allows to fabricate Bi:IG structures on different substrate types. Authors investigate crystallization process of Bi:IG bi-layers in a different process parameter (different layers composition and its thickness, temperature and time of annealing) using gadolinium gallium garnet GGG and fused quartz SiO2 substrates to determine dependences which impact on crystallization.

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24

Berzhansky, Vladimir N., Tatyana V. Mikhailova, Andrey V. Karavainikov, Anatoly R. Prokopov, Alexander N. Shaposhnikov, Yuriy M. Kharchenko, Irene M. Lukienko, et al. "Microcavity One-Dimensional Magnetophotonic Crystals with Double Layer Bi-Substituted Iron Garnet Films: Optical and Magneto-Optical Responses in Transmission and Reflection." Solid State Phenomena 230 (June 2015): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.230.241.

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Optical and magneto-optical spectra in transmission and reflection and their features for microcavity one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals with double layer bismuth-substituted iron garnet films are considered. At the first presented the experimental results of magnetic circular dichroism investigations in microcavity one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals.

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25

Erokhin, S. G., L. D. Deych, A. A. Lisyansky, and A. B. Granovsky. "Magneto-Optical Effects in Excitonic One-Dimensional Structures." Solid State Phenomena 152-153 (April 2009): 503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.152-153.503.

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We present results of a theoretical investigation of magneto-optical properties in one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals containing a quantum well defect. In contrast to garnet based magnetophotonic crystals, our proposed structures can be tuned not only by the magnetic field but also by the electric field, illumination, and irradiation. The developed algorithm can be applied to arbitrary magneto-optical effects in multiple quantum well periodic structures. Using this algorithm we demonstrate that the Fabry-Perot exciton resonator structure significantly enhances the Faraday effect and can be used as a highly efficient modulator of light.

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26

Nur-E-Alam, Mohammad, Mikhail Vasiliev, Kamal Alameh, and Viacheslav Kotov. "Synthesis of high-performance magnetic garnet materials and garnet-bismuth oxide nanocomposites using physical vapor deposition followed by high-temperature crystallization." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 11 (July 7, 2011): 1971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-02-02.

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Bi-substituted iron garnet (Bi:IG) compounds synthesized in thin film form are the best semi-transparent magneto-optical (MO) materials for applications in magnetic recording, optical sensors, and photonics. These materials can possess attractive magnetic properties and the highest specific Faraday rotation in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions, if the deposited layers contain a high volumetric fraction of the garnet phase and possess high-quality surfaces and microstructure. In this paper, we study the effects of various deposition and annealing process parameters on the properties of Bi:IG and garnet-oxide nanocomposite films of several composition types fabricated using radio-frequency (RF) sputtering deposition followed by high-temperature isothermal crystallization. We also investigate the kinetics of garnet phase formation within a garnet-Bi-oxide nanocomposite material.

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27

Simion, B. M., R. Ramesh, and G. Thomas. "Preparation of cross section samples of ferrimagnetic iron garnet thin films for EM structural characterization." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 514–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100138944.

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Ferrimagnetic iron garnet thin film multilayered heterostructures were deposited by pulsed laser deposition on paramagnetic [111]-oriented single crystalline GdGa-garnet (GGG) substrates. Bismuth and rare-earth substituted iron garnet thin films are being presently considered as good potential candidates for the next generation of thermo-magneto-optical (TMO) permanent memories, due to their improved magneto-optical (MO) response to the green laser radiation. As reported previously, improved magnetic and MO properties were shown by multilayered Y3Fe5O12/Bi3Fe5O12 (YIG/BIG) and Y3Fe5O12/Eu1Bi2Fe5Ol2 (YIG/EBIG) heterostructures when compared to their single layer counterparts. The present study tries to elucidate the relationship between the films microstructure and their improved properties. Along with x-ray structural characterization, scanning electron microscopy for topographical characterization and analytical transmission electron microscopy for chemical and microstructural analysis are being used.Due to the brittleness of both films and substrates, conventional cross section sample preparation becomes extremely difficult. Samples under roughly 20 μm thickness break under the lowest load of the dimpler.

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28

Mikhailova, T. V., S. V. Osmanov, and V. O. Boyko. "Magneto-Optical Spectra of Magnetic Photonic Crystal with Composite (SiO₂-Au) Layer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2086, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2086/1/012156.

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Abstract The resonant enhancement of magneto-optical effects due to structure modes arising at the boundary of magnetic photonic crystal [TiO2 / SiO2] m / iron garnet / SiO2 / (SiO2-Au), in which the upper layer (SiO2-Au) is a composite layer of SiO2 with metallic Au nanoscale inclusions, and iron garnet is a bi-layer of composition Bi1.0Lu0.5Gd1.5Fe4.2Al0.8O12 / Bi2.3Dy0.7Fe4.2Ga0.8O12, has been considered by modelling of 4×4 transfer matrix method.

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29

Murzina, T. V., I. E. Razdolski, O. A. Aktsipetrov, A. M. Grishin, and S. I. Khartsev. "Nonlinear magneto-optical effects in all-garnet magnetophotonic crystals." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 321, no. 7 (April 2009): 836–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.11.066.

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Razdolski, I. E., T. V. Murzina, S. I. Khartsev, A. M. Grishin, and O. A. Aktsipetrov. "Magneto-optical switching in nonlinear all-garnet magnetophotonic crystals." Thin Solid Films 519, no. 16 (June 2011): 5600–5602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2011.03.113.

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31

Man, Peiwen, Fengkai Ma, Tao Xie, Jingxin Ding, Anhua Wu, Liangbi Su, Huanying Li, and Guohao Ren. "Magneto-optical property of terbium-lutetium-aluminum garnet crystals." Optical Materials 66 (April 2017): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2017.02.011.

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32

Grishin, A. M., and S. I. Khartsev. "Waveguiding in All-Garnet Heteroepitaxial Magneto-Optical Photonic Crystals." JETP Letters 109, no. 2 (January 2019): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364019020012.

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GRISHIN, A. M., and S. I. KHARTSEV. "WAVEGUIDING IN ALL-GARNET HETEROEPITAXIAL MAGNETO-OPTICAL PHOTONIC CRYSTALS." ПИСЬМА В ЖУРНАЛ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЗИКИ 109, no. 1-2 (2019): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0370274x19020024.

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34

Dolgova, T. V., A. A. Fedyanin, O. A. Aktsipetrov, K. Nishimura, H. Uchida, and M. Inoue. "Nonlinear magneto-optical Kerr effect in garnet magnetophotonic crystals." Journal of Applied Physics 95, no. 11 (June 2004): 7330–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1667838.

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35

Zimnyakova, Polina E., Daria O. Ignatyeva, Dolendra Karki, Andrey A. Voronov, Alexander N. Shaposhnikov, Vladimir N. Berzhansky, Miguel Levy, and Vladimir I. Belotelov. "Two-dimensional array of iron-garnet nanocylinders supporting localized and lattice modes for the broadband boosted magneto-optics." Nanophotonics 11, no. 1 (November 4, 2021): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0534.

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Abstract We demonstrate a novel all-dielectric magnetophotonic structure that consists of two-dimensional arrays of bismuth substituted iron-garnet nanocylinders supporting both localized (Fabry–Perot-like) and lattice (guided-like) optical modes. Simultaneous excitation of the two kinds of modes provides a significant enhancement of the Faraday effect by 3 times and transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect by an order of magnitude compared to the smooth magnetic film of the same effective thickness. Both magneto-optical effects are boosted in wide spectral and angular ranges making the nanocylinder array magnetic dielectric structures promising for applications with short and tightly focused laser pulses.

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36

Kotov, V. A., V. G. Shavrov, A. F. Popkov, M. Vasiliev, K. Alameh, M. Nur-E-Alam, L. N. Alyabyeva, D. E. Balabanov, V. I. Burkov, and M. K. Virchenko. "Magneto-Optic Properties of Ultrathin Nanocrystalline Ferrite Garnet Films in the 8K to 300K Temperature Interval." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (July 22, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7605620.

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A study of the initial stages of crystallization in RF magnetron-sputtered ferrite garnet films is reported, in which a series of ultrathin Bi2Dy1Fe4Ga1O12 layers is fabricated and characterized. The spectral and temperature dependencies of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of these films are studied in the temperature range from 300 K down to 8 K. Measured magneto-optical properties are reported in the spectral range between 300 and 600 nm. In ultrathin garnets at temperatures below 160 K, we found that between 360 and 520 nm, the spectral MCD dependencies were typical of bismuth-substituted garnets with high levels of gallium dilution in the tetrahedral sublattice. The MCD signal strength measured at its 440 nm peak grows linearly with reducing temperature between 160 K and 8 K. This observed temperature dependency of MCD differed dramatically from these measured in thicker (3.7 nm) nanocrystalline garnet films. The peak MCD signal at 440 nm in these 3.7 nm-thick samples grows linearly from 215 K down to 100 K, resembling the same dependency seen in 1.7 nm films. In thinnest layers of thickness 0.6 nm, no MCD signals were observed at any temperature in the range between 8 and 300 K.

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37

Snetkov, Ilya L., Ryo Yasuhara, Aleksey V. Starobor, Evgeniy A. Mironov, and Oleg V. Palashov. "Thermo-Optical and Magneto-Optical Characteristics of Terbium Scandium Aluminum Garnet Crystals." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 51, no. 7 (July 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2015.2431611.

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38

Lee, Jin Yi, Ji Seong Hwang, and Tetsuo Shoji. "Numerical Analysis of Magneto-Optical Eddy Current Imaging Using FEM." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 1451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1451.

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Magnetic-optical film (hereafter, MO film) is a bismuth-doped iron garnet film grown on a gadolinium gallium garnet substrate by liquid phase epitaxial method. Because an MO film has physical characteristics such as Faraday rotation and magnetic anisotropy, the distribution of its external magnetic field can be visualized. The MOI (Magneto-Optic/Eddy Current Imager) was developed to detect far-side cracks and corrosions in aluminum alloy materials on an aircraft. The detection probability of 2.5mm-length cracks is 90/95% when the MO film and the induced area current are used. However, the quantitative evaluation algorithm for quantifying crack shapes and sizes has yet to be proposed. This paper investigates a quantitative evaluation algorithm for magnetic optical eddy current imaging by using the finite element analysis methods (FEM) and experimental results. The MOI including a primary induction coil was simulated by FEM software. The position, depth, shape, and the induction current frequency, lift-off were simulated and examined. A simplified quantitative evaluation algorithm for MOI is proposed by using the analysis results.

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39

Wei, Zixuan, Wei Yan, Jun Qin, Longjiang Deng, and Lei Bi. "Dysprosium Substituted Ce:YIG Thin Films for Temperature Insensitive Integrated Optical Isolator Applications." Materials 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051691.

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Magneto-optical isolators are key components in photonic systems. Despite the progress of silicon-integrated optical isolators, the Faraday rotation of silicon-integrated magneto-optical materials, such as cerium-doped yttrium iron garnet (Ce:YIG), show a strong temperature dependence, limiting the temperature range for integrated nonreciprocal photonic device applications. In this work, we report dysprosium substituted Ce:YIG thin films (Dy2Ce1Fe5O12, Dy:CeIG) showing a low temperature coefficient of Faraday rotation. A temperature insensitive range of the Faraday rotation is observed in between 25 °C to 70 °C for this material, compared to 20% variation of the Faraday rotation in Ce:YIG thin films. A Dy:CeIG based temperature insensitive silicon-integrated optical isolator operating in the temperature range of 23 °C to 70 °C is experimentally demonstrated.

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Portela, Gianni, Miguel Levy, and Hugo E. Hernandez-Figueroa. "Magnetless Optical Circulator Based on an Iron Garnet with Reduced Magnetization Saturation." Molecules 26, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 4692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154692.

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A three-port circulator for optical communication systems comprising a photonic crystal slab made of a magneto-optical material in which an magnetizing element is not required to keep its magnetic domains aligned is suggested for the first time. By maximizing the incorporation of europium to its molecular formula, the magneto-optical material can remain in the saturated magnetic state even in the absence of an external DC magnetic field. Two- and three-dimensional simulations of the device performed with full-wave electromagnetic solvers based on the finite element method demonstrate that, at the 1550 nm wavelength, the insertion loss, isolation, and reflection levels are equal to or better than −1 dB, −14 dB, and −20 dB, respectively. Since its operation does not require an electromagnet or a permanent magnet, the suggested circulator is much more compact, being able to reach footprints in the range of three orders of magnitude smaller, when compared to other circulator designs referred to in the literature and the presented results can be useful for the design of other nonreciprocal devices with reduced dimensions for optical communication systems.

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Abiade, Jeremiah. "Garnet/SOI Magneto-Optical Devices Fabricated by Direct Wafer Bonding." MRS Bulletin 29, no. 6 (June 2004): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2004.112.

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42

Kaneuji, T., N. Adachi, and T. Okuda. "Stoichiometry and Magneto-optical Properties of Bismuth Iron Garnet Films." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 26, no. 4 (2002): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.26.336.

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43

Chetvertukhin, A. V., A. I. Musorin, T. V. Dolgova, H. Uchida, M. Inoue, and A. A. Fedyanin. "Transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect in 2D gold–garnet nanogratings." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 383 (June 2015): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.12.062.

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44

Kučera, M., R. Gerber, and B. J. Teggart. "Magnetization reversal in coupled magneto-optical BiDy-iron garnet films." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 219, no. 2 (September 2000): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(00)00447-9.

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Shono, K., H. Kano, N. Koshino, and S. Ogawa. "Microstructure of sputtered garnet films for magneto‐optical recording media." Journal of Applied Physics 63, no. 8 (April 15, 1988): 3639–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340668.

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Kahl, S., and A. M. Grishin. "Enhanced Faraday rotation in all-garnet magneto-optical photonic crystal." Applied Physics Letters 84, no. 9 (March 2004): 1438–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651324.

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Shono, K., H. Kano, N. Koshino, and S. Ogawa. "Magneto-optical recording of sputtered garnet films using laser diode." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 23, no. 5 (September 1987): 2970–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1987.1065485.

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Valette, P., P. Bernstein, and H. Le Gall. "Magneto‐optical analysis of domain‐wall oscillations in garnet films." Journal of Applied Physics 61, no. 8 (April 15, 1987): 4210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338477.

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49

Pashkevich, M., A. Stupakiewicz, A. Kirilyuk, A. Stognij, A. Maziewski, and Th Rasing. "Magneto-optical spectroscopy of surface/interfaces in Co/garnet heterostructures." Applied Surface Science 305 (June 2014): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.02.185.

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50

Defang, Shen, Du Tengda, Zhou Yong, Zhang Minjuan, Cheng Bin, and Zhang Weizhu. "Magnetic and magneto-optical properties of Bi-substituted garnet films." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 135, no. 2 (July 1994): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(94)90353-0.

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