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1
Hsieh, Min-Fu, Feng-Sheng Hsu, and David G. Dorrell. "Winding Changeover Permanent-Magnet Generators for Renewable Energy Applications." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 48, no. 11 (November 2012): 4168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2012.2196266.
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Xie, Jiaping, Weisi Zhang, Lihong Wei, Yu Xia, and Shengyi Zhang. "Price optimization of hybrid power supply chain dominated by power grid." Industrial Management & Data Systems 119, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 412–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-01-2018-0041.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of renewable energy on the power supply chain and to study whether the renewable generator or the power grid that purchases power from the power spot market is better when the actual generation of renewable energy is insufficient. The authors want to compare and analyze the different power supply chain operation modes and discuss the optimal mode selection for renewable energy generator and power grid in different situations. Design/methodology/approach This paper studies the grid-led price competition game in the power supply chain, in which the power grid as a leader decides the price of transmission and distribution, and generators determine the power grid price. The renewable energy power generator and the traditional energy power generator conduct a price competition game; on the other hand, the power grid and power generators conduct Stackelberg games. The authors analyze the power supply of single power generator and two power generators, respectively, and research on the situation that the renewable energy cannot be fully recharged when the actual power generation is insufficient. Findings The study finds that both renewable and traditional power grid prices decline as price sensitivity coefficient of demand and installed capacity of renewable energy generators increase. Power grid premium decreases as the price sensitivity coefficient of demand increases, but rises as the installed capacity of renewable energy generator increases. When there is a shortage of power, if the installed capacity of renewable energy is relatively small and price sensitivity coefficient of demand is relatively large, the grid purchases the power from power spot market and shares cost with renewable energy generators, leading to higher expected profits of the renewable energy generators. On the contrary, the renewable energy generators prefer to make up power shortage themselves. For the power grid, purchasing the power by the renewable energy generators when there is a power shortage can bring more utility to the power grid when the installed capacity of renewable energy is lower and the demand price sensitivity coefficient is higher. When the installed capacity of renewable energy is high and the price sensitivity coefficient of demand is moderate, or the installed capacity of renewable energy is moderate and the demand price sensitivity coefficient is high, a generator that simultaneously possesses two kinds of energy source will bring more utility to the power grid. If the installed capacity of renewable energy and the demand price sensitivity coefficient both are small or the installed capacity of renewable energy and the price sensitivity coefficient of demand both are large, the power grid prefers to purchase the power by itself when there is a power shortage. Practical implications The goal of our paper analysis is to explore the implications of the theoretical model and address the series of research questions regarding the impact of the renewable energy on the power supply chain. The results of this study have key implications for reality. This paper sheds light on the power supply chain operation mode selection, which can potentially be used for the renewable energy generators to choose their operating mode and can also help traditional energy generators and power grid enterprises maximize their utility. This paper also has some references for the government to formulate the corresponding renewable energy development policy. Originality/value This paper studies the power operation mode under the uncertainty of supply and demand, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy generator that makes up the shortage or the power grid purchases the power from power spot market then shares cost with the renewable energy generator. This paper analyzes the power grid-led coordination problem in a power supply chain, compares and analyzes the price competition game model of single power generator and dual power generators, and compares the different risk preferences of power grid.
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Zoui, Mohamed Amine, Saïd Bentouba, John G. Stocholm, and Mahmoud Bourouis. "A Review on Thermoelectric Generators: Progress and Applications." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 13, 2020): 3606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143606.
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A thermoelectric effect is a physical phenomenon consisting of the direct conversion of heat into electrical energy (Seebeck effect) or inversely from electrical current into heat (Peltier effect) without moving mechanical parts. The low efficiency of thermoelectric devices has limited their applications to certain areas, such as refrigeration, heat recovery, power generation and renewable energy. However, for specific applications like space probes, laboratory equipment and medical applications, where cost and efficiency are not as important as availability, reliability and predictability, thermoelectricity offers noteworthy potential. The challenge of making thermoelectricity a future leader in waste heat recovery and renewable energy is intensified by the integration of nanotechnology. In this review, state-of-the-art thermoelectric generators, applications and recent progress are reported. Fundamental knowledge of the thermoelectric effect, basic laws, and parameters affecting the efficiency of conventional and new thermoelectric materials are discussed. The applications of thermoelectricity are grouped into three main domains. The first group deals with the use of heat emitted from a radioisotope to supply electricity to various devices. In this group, space exploration was the only application for which thermoelectricity was successful. In the second group, a natural heat source could prove useful for producing electricity, but as thermoelectricity is still at an initial phase because of low conversion efficiency, applications are still at laboratory level. The third group is progressing at a high speed, mainly because the investigations are funded by governments and/or car manufacturers, with the final aim of reducing vehicle fuel consumption and ultimately mitigating the effect of greenhouse gas emissions.
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Jafari, Reza, Pedram Asef, Mohammad Ardebili, and Mohammad Mahdi Derakhshani. "Linear Permanent Magnet Vernier Generators for Wave Energy Applications: Analysis, Challenges, and Opportunities." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 10912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710912.
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Harvesting energy from waves as a substantial resource of renewable energy has attracted much attention in recent years. Linear permanent magnet vernier generators (LPMVGs) have been widely adopted in wave energy applications to extract clean energy from oceans. Linear PM vernier machines perform based on the magnetic gearing effect, allowing them to offer high power/force density at low speeds. The outstanding feature of providing high power capability makes linear vernier generators more advantageous compared to linear PM synchronous counterparts used in wave energy conversion systems. Nevertheless, they inherently suffer from a poor power factor arising from their considerable leakage flux. Various structures and methods have been introduced to enhance their performance and improve their low power factor. In this work, a comparative study of different structures, distinguishable concepts, and operation principles of linear PM vernier machines is presented. Furthermore, recent advancements and innovative improvements have been investigated. They are categorized and evaluated to provide a comprehensive insight into the exploitation of linear vernier generators in wave energy extracting systems. Finally, some significant structures of linear PM vernier generators are modeled using two-dimensional finite element analysis (2D-FEA) to compare their electromagnetic characteristics and survey their performance.
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Foti, Salvatore, Antonio Testa, Salvatore De Caro, Luigi Danilo Tornello, Giacomo Scelba, and Mario Cacciato. "Multi-Level Multi-Input Converter for Hybrid Renewable Energy Generators." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061764.
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A three-phase multi-level multi-input power converter topology is presented for grid-connected applications. It encompasses a three-phase transformer that is operated on the primary side in an open-end winding configuration. Thus, the primary winding is supplied on one side by a three-phase N-level neutral point clamped inverter and, on the other side, by an auxiliary two-level inverter. A key feature of the proposed approach is that the N-level inverter is able to perform independent management of N − 1 input power sources, thus avoiding the need for additional dc/dc power converters in hybrid multi-source systems. Moreover, it can manage an energy storage system connected to the dc-bus of the two-level inverter. The N-level inverter operates at a low switching frequency and can be equipped with very low on-state voltage drop Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) devices, while the auxiliary inverter is instead operated at low voltage according to a conventional high-frequency two-level Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique and can be equipped with very low on-state resistance Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) devices. Simulations and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach and its good performance in terms of grid current harmonic content and overall efficiency.
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Teng, Choon Peng, Ming Yan Tan, Jessica Pei Wen Toh, Qi Feng Lim, Xiaobai Wang, Daniel Ponsford, Esther Marie JieRong Lin, Warintorn Thitsartarn, and Si Yin Tee. "Advances in Cellulose-Based Composites for Energy Applications." Materials 16, no. 10 (May 20, 2023): 3856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16103856.
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The various forms of cellulose-based materials possess high mechanical and thermal stabilities, as well as three-dimensional open network structures with high aspect ratios capable of incorporating other materials to produce composites for a wide range of applications. Being the most prevalent natural biopolymer on the Earth, cellulose has been used as a renewable replacement for many plastic and metal substrates, in order to diminish pollutant residues in the environment. As a result, the design and development of green technological applications of cellulose and its derivatives has become a key principle of ecological sustainability. Recently, cellulose-based mesoporous structures, flexible thin films, fibers, and three-dimensional networks have been developed for use as substrates in which conductive materials can be loaded for a wide range of energy conversion and energy conservation applications. The present article provides an overview of the recent advancements in the preparation of cellulose-based composites synthesized by combining metal/semiconductor nanoparticles, organic polymers, and metal-organic frameworks with cellulose. To begin, a brief review of cellulosic materials is given, with emphasis on their properties and processing methods. Further sections focus on the integration of cellulose-based flexible substrates or three-dimensional structures into energy conversion devices, such as photovoltaic solar cells, triboelectric generators, piezoelectric generators, thermoelectric generators, as well as sensors. The review also highlights the uses of cellulose-based composites in the separators, electrolytes, binders, and electrodes of energy conservation devices such as lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, the use of cellulose-based electrodes in water splitting for hydrogen generation is discussed. In the final section, we propose the underlying challenges and outlook for the field of cellulose-based composite materials.
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Rice, Ilunga Kajila, Hanhua Zhu, Cunquan Zhang, and Arnauld Robert Tapa. "A Hybrid Photovoltaic/Diesel System for Off-Grid Applications in Lubumbashi, DR Congo: A HOMER Pro Modeling and Optimization Study." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (May 17, 2023): 8162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108162.
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In Lubumbashi, the capital of Haut Katanga in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), diesel power plants are a common source of electricity. The need to utilize local renewable energy sources in DR Congo has increased due to the unreliability of the state grid and the rising cost of running diesel generators. Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and batteries, in particular, have recently recorded significant price drops. It is important for operators and suppliers to choose optimal generators together with a renewable energy system to lessen the energy deficit. Diesel generators are still widely used in DRC, but their efficiency pales in contrast to that of more recent power facilities. Consuming fossil fuels results in high expenses for upkeep and operation, in addition to severe environmental damage. This study assessed the feasibility of using local weather and technical data to evaluate the efficiency of a diesel power plant hybridized with a PV system. The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) simulations suggest that the hybrid system schedule is preferable due to its many economic and environmental advantages for the local community and its inhabitants. The promotion of such a hybrid system may encourage the sustainable economic development of a stable source of electricity for the Congo Region.
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Bâra, Adela. "Mix-generation optimization for electricity market simulation." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXIII, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-20-i1-023.
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Owning several types of generating units requires an optimized schedule to cover the negotiated bilateral contracts. This approach will lead to a better electricity market strategy and benefits for an electricity producer. In this paper, we will simulate the operation of five different generators including generators based on Renewable Energy Sources (such as wind turbines and photovoltaic panels) that belong to an electricity producer. The five generators are modelled considering the specificity of their type and primary energy source. For instance, for renewable energy sources, we will consider the 24-hour generation forecast. The objective function of the optimization process is to obtain an optimal loading of generators, while the constraints are related to the capacity and performance of the generators. The output consisting in a generating unit optimized operation schedule will be further used for day-ahead or balancing market bidding process. Hence, the producer will be able to adequately bid on the future electricity markets knowing the commitment of generators for negotiated bilateral contracts market. The simulations are tested for more than five generators considering the connection to a relational database where more data for generators is stored.
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Widera, Barbara. "Renewable hydrogen as an energy storage solution." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600097.
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The paper will discuss the potential of renewable hydrogen as an energy storage medium for the decarbonisation of multiple sectors and for the energy system security. The author will particularly focus on the applications related to the building industry with perspectives to be further developed. The paper will cover the most up-to-date initiatives addressing the combination of hydrogen production based on water electrolysis and solar energy methods with the possibility of hydrogen implementations for energy storage, transportation and stationary applications such as combined heat and power (CHP) plants or fuel cell electric generators. The opportunity to reach improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness in the energy transition will be presented on the example of the two selected case studies: the world’s first full-scale wind power and hydrogen plant and the most up-to-date on-going project chosen by Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking. They will be analysed in purpose to draw the conclusions regarding the options and limitations of the actual renewable hydrogen based energy storage systems tested in the real life situation. The second aim of the paper is to formulate the recommendations for the further action in this field, including the reduction of some non-technological barriers.
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Wang, Ke Sheng, and Ming Chen. "A Prototype of DEAP Ocean Wave Powered Generator." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3430.
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Ocean wave power is emerging as a particularly attractive form of renewable energy. Dielectric Electric Active Polymers (DEAP) have has been used to transform electrical to mechani¬cal energy in an actuator mode. However it has few applications in a generator mode. This paper introduces a new concept of “New Renewable Energy” and presents a prototype of DEAP ocean wave powered generator, which has been developed at Knowledge Discovery Laboratory (KDL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). The DEAP prototype could be easily extended to other applications such as human-power generator, conventional power generators, and wind power applications.
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Soin, Navneet, Tahir H. Shah, Subhash C. Anand, Junfeng Geng, Wiwat Pornwannachai, Pranab Mandal, David Reid, et al. "Novel “3-D spacer” all fibre piezoelectric textiles for energy harvesting applications." Energy Environ. Sci. 7, no. 5 (2014): 1670–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ee43987a.
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Using “3D-spacer” technology, we have knitted 80% β-phase PVDF with Ag/PA66 fibres to demonstrate all fibre piezoelectric power generators. The 3D structure provides a power density of 1.10–5.10 μW cm−2 at applied impacts of 0.02–0.10 MPa.
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Ghodbane, Mokhtar, Djamel Benmenine, Abderrahmane Khechekhouche, and Boussad Boumeddane. "Brief on Solar Concentrators: Differences and Applications." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 19, no. 5 (November 15, 2020): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.190507.
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In light of the global crises that the world suffers from, the renewable energy exploitation is a viable solution to remedy the various energy crises, knowing that renewable energy is a source of environmental credibility, as it does not cause any pollution or any emissions harmful to the environment. Among the most important renewable energy sources, solar energy is the most important type as it can be exploited thermally by adopting various solar collectors, especially solar concentrators. This paper has been devoted to illustrate the types of solar concentrators, namely point-focus concentrators (Heliostat Field Collectors and Parabolic Dish Collectors) and linear concentrators (Linear Fresnel Reflectors and Parabolic Trough Collectors), in an attempt to clarify its principle and its multiple uses domestically and industrially, especially in areas that are characterized by the abundance of its direct solar radiation. The solar concentrator is a solar thermal energy concentration system, because its use reduces the consumption of fossil fuels harmful to the environment and directly contributes to climate change. Solar thermal concentrators are an effective alternative to fossil generators for thermal energy, as they have many important uses such as the solar electricity production of solar electricity in power plants, industrial and domestic water heating, and have many other industrial uses.
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Abuagreb, Mohamed, Mohammed F. Allehyani, and Brian K. Johnson. "Overview of Virtual Synchronous Generators: Existing Projects, Challenges, and Future Trends." Electronics 11, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182843.
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The rapid growth in renewable energy-based distributed generation has raised serious concerns about the grid’s stability. Due to the intrinsic rotor inertia and damping feature and the voltage (reactive power) control ability, traditional bulk power plants, which are dominated by synchronous generators (SG), can readily sustain system instability. However, converter-based renewable energy sources possess unique properties, such as stochastic real and reactive power output response, low output impedance, and little or no inertia and damping properties, leading to frequency and voltage disturbance in the grid. To overcome these issues, the concept of virtual synchronous generators (VSG) is introduced, which aims to replicate some of the characteristics of the traditional synchronous generators using a converter control technique to supply more inertia virtually. This paper reviews the fundamentals, different topologies, and a detailed VSG structure. Moreover, a VSG-based frequency control scheme is emphasized, and the paper focuses on the different topologies of VSGs in the microgrid frequency regulation task. Then, the characteristics of the control systems and applications of the virtual synchronous generators are described. Finally, the relevant critical issues and technical research challenges are presented, and future trends related to this subject are highlighted.
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Wang, Zehuan, Shiyuan Liu, Zhengbao Yang, and Shuxiang Dong. "Perspective on Development of Piezoelectric Micro-Power Generators." Nanoenergy Advances 3, no. 2 (April 4, 2023): 73–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv3020005.
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Anthropogenetic environmental deterioration and climate change caused by energy production and consumption pose a significant threat to the future of humanity. Renewable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective energy sources are becoming increasingly important for addressing future energy demands. Mechanical power is the most common type of external energy that can be converted into useful electric power. Because of its strong electromechanical coupling ability, the piezoelectric mechanism is a far more successful technique for converting mechanics energy to electrical energy when compared to electrostatic, electromagnetic, and triboelectric transduction systems. Currently, the scientific community has maintained a strong interest in piezoelectric micro-power generators because of their great potential for powering a sensor unit in the distributed network nodes. A national network usually has a large mass of sensor units distributed in each city, and a self-powered sensor network is eagerly required. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the development of piezoelectric micro-power generators. The fundamentals of piezoelectric energy conversion, including operational modes and working mechanisms, are introduced. Current research progress in piezoelectric materials including zinc oxide, ceramics, single crystals, organics, composite, bio-inspired and foam materials are reviewed. Piezoelectric energy harvesting at the nano- and microscales, and its applications in a variety of fields such as wind, liquid flow, body movement, implantable and sensing devices are discussed. Finally, the future development of multi-field coupled, hybrid piezoelectric micropower generators and their potential applications are discussed.
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Sobianin, Ihor, Sotiria D. Psoma, and Antonios Tourlidakis. "Recent Advances in Energy Harvesting from the Human Body for Biomedical Applications." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 7959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217959.
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Energy harvesters serve as continuous and long-lasting sources of energy that can be integrated into wearable and implantable sensors and biomedical devices. This review paper presents the current progress, the challenges, the advantages, the disadvantages and the future trends of energy harvesters which can harvest energy from various sources from the human body. The most used types of energy are chemical; thermal and biomechanical and each group is represented by several nano-generators. Chemical energy can be harvested with a help of microbial and enzymatic biofuel cells, thermal energy is collected via thermal and pyroelectric nano-generators, biomechanical energy can be scavenged with piezoelectric and triboelectric materials, electromagnetic and electrostatic generators and photovoltaic effect allows scavenging of light energy. Their operating principles, power ratings, features, materials, and designs are presented. There are different ways of extracting the maximum energy and current trends and approaches in nanogenerator designs are discussed. The ever-growing interest in this field is linked to a larger role of wearable electronics in the future. Possible directions of future development are outlined; and practical biomedical applications of energy harvesters for glucose sensors, oximeters and pacemakers are presented. Based on the increasingly accumulated literature, there are continuous promising improvements which are anticipated to lead to portable and implantable devices without the requirement for batteries.
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Veichtlbauer, Armin, Oliver Langthaler, Filip Pröstl Andrén, Christian Kasberger, and Thomas I. Strasser. "Open Information Architecture for Seamless Integration of Renewable Energy Sources." Electronics 10, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040496.
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Electric power systems are currently confronted with a fundamental paradigm change related to its planning and operation, mainly caused by the massive integration of renewables. To allow higher penetration of them within existing grid infrastructures, the “smart grid” makes more efficient use of existing resources by integrating appropriate information technologies. Utilising the benefits of such smart grids, it is necessary to develop new automation architectures and control strategies, as well as corresponding information and communication solutions. This makes it possible to effectively use and manage a large amount of dispersed generators and to utilise their “smart” capabilities. The scalability and openness of automation systems currently used by energy utilities have to be improved significantly for handling a high amount of distributed generators. This will be needed to meet the challenges of missing common and open interfaces, as well as the large number of different protocols. In the work at hand, these shortcomings have been tackled by a conceptual solution for open and interoperable information exchange and engineering of automation applications. The approach is characterised by remote controllable services, a generic communication concept, and a formal application modelling method for distributed energy resource components. Additionally, the specification of an access management scheme for distributed energy resources, taking into account different user roles in the smart grid, allowed for a fine-grained distinction of access rights for use cases and actors. As a concrete result of this work, a generic and open communication underlay for smart grid components was developed, providing a flexible and adaptable infrastructure and supporting future smart grid requirements and roll-out. A proof-of-concept validation of the remote controllable service concept based on this infrastructure has been conducted in appropriate laboratory environments to confirm the main benefits of this approach.
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Agha Kashkooli, M. R., and Milutin G. Jovanović. "Sensorless adaptive control of brushless doubly-fed reluctance generators for wind power applications." Renewable Energy 177 (November 2021): 932–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.154.
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Coelho, Rodrigo, Álvaro Casi, Miguel Araiz, David Astrain, Elsa Branco Lopes, Francisco P. Brito, and António P. Gonçalves. "Computer Simulations of Silicide-Tetrahedrite Thermoelectric Generators." Micromachines 13, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111915.
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With global warming and rising energy demands, it is important now than ever to transit to renewable energy systems. Thermoelectric (TE) devices can present a feasible alternative to generate clean energy from waste heat. However, to become attractive for large-scale applications, such devices must be cheap, efficient, and based on ecofriendly materials. In this study, the potential of novel silicide-tetrahedrite modules for energy generation was examined. Computer simulations based on the finite element method (FEM) and implicit finite difference method (IFDM) were performed. The developed computational models were validated against data measured on a customized system working with commercial TE devices. The models were capable of predicting the TEGs’ behavior with low deviations (≤10%). IFDM was used to study the power produced by the silicide-tetrahedrite TEGs for different ΔT between the sinks, whereas FEM was used to study the temperature distributions across the testing system in detail. To complement these results, the influence of the electrical and thermal contact resistances was evaluated. High thermal resistances were found to affect the devices ΔT up to ~15%, whereas high electrical contact resistances reduced the power output of the silicide-tetrahedrite TEGs by more than ~85%.
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Immaniar, Dewi, Anna Ayu Aryani, and Shinta Zahrotul Ula. "Challenges Smart Grid in Blockchain Applications." Blockchain Frontier Technology 2, no. 2 (September 28, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/bfront.v2i2.150.
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Globally, interest in renewable energy has grown recently. The microgrid integrates traditional dispersed energy resources utilizing technological tools and information technology, making it more effective and flexible to enhance the economic and environmental situations (IT). One of these technologies that has drawn interest in microgrid applications to create a sustainable society is blockchain. The blockchain idea can offer immutability for microgrid transactions such as recording power generation levels and confirming transactions between generators and end consumers. By eliminating the need to connect with third parties, blockchain-based smart contracts can be utilized for auditing or resolving a transaction dispute between the producers and the users. In this paper, we highlight many recent research projects on blockchain applications in microgrids and the use of smart contracts to enhance the transactive resilience in microgrids.
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Babatunde, Damilola Elizabeth, Olubayo Moses Babatunde, Micheal Uzoamaka Emezirinwune, Iheanacho Henry Denwigwe, Taiwo Emmanuel Okharedia, and Oladele Julius Omodara. "Feasibility analysis of an off-grid photovoltaic-battery energy system for a farm facility." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 2874. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i3.pp2874-2883.
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Renewable energy plays a very important role in the improvement and promotion of environmental sustainability in agricultural-related activities.
This paper evaluates the techno-economic and environmental benefits of deploying photovoltaic (PV)- battery systems in a livestock farmhouse.
For the energy requirements of the farm to be determined, a walkthrough energy audit is conducted on the farmhouse. The farm selected for this study is located in southern Nigeria. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Hybrid Optimization Modeling for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software was adapted for the purpose of the techno-economic analysis. It is found that a standalone PV/battery-powered system in farmhouse applications has higher economic viability when compared to its diesel-powered counterparts in terms of total net present cost (TNPC). A saving of 48% is achievable over the TNPC and Cost of Energy with zero emissions. The results obtained show
the numerous benefits of replacing diesel generators with renewable energy sources such as PV-battery systems in farming applications.
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Zhu, Sijing, Zheng Fan, Baoquan Feng, Runze Shi, Zexin Jiang, Ying Peng, Jie Gao, Lei Miao, and Kunihito Koumoto. "Review on Wearable Thermoelectric Generators: From Devices to Applications." Energies 15, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 3375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093375.
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Wearable thermoelectric generators (WTEGs) can incessantly convert body heat into electricity to power electronics. However, the low efficiency of thermoelectric materials, tiny terminal temperature difference, rigidity, and neglecting optimization of lateral heat transfer preclude WTEGs from broad utilization. In this review, we aim to comprehensively summarize the state-of-the-art strategies for the realization of flexibility and high normalized power density in thermoelectric generators by establishing the links among materials, TE performance, and advanced design of WTEGs (structure, heatsinks, thermal regulation, thermal analysis, etc.) based on inorganic bulk TE materials. Each section starts with a concise summary of its fundamentals and carefully selected examples. In the end, we point out the controversies, challenges, and outlooks toward the future development of wearable thermoelectric devices and potential applications. Overall, this review will serve to help materials scientists, electronic engineers, particularly students and young researchers, in selecting suitable thermoelectric devices and potential applications.
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Saha, Manabendra, Owen Tregenza, Jemma Twelftree, and Chris Hulston. "A review of thermoelectric generators for waste heat recovery in marine applications." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 59 (October 2023): 103394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2023.103394.
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Malyshenko, S. "High-pressure H2/O2-steam generators and their possible applications." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 29, no. 6 (May 2004): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2003.08.004.
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Saqr, Khalid, and Mohd Musa. "Critical review of thermoelectrics in modern power generation applications." Thermal Science 13, no. 3 (2009): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0903165s.
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The thermoelectric complementary effects have been discovered in the nineteenth century. However, their role in engineering applications has been very limited until the first half of the twentieth century, the beginning of space exploration era. Radioisotope thermoelectric generators have been the actual motive for the research community to develop efficient, reliable and advanced thermoelectrics. The efficiency of thermoelectric materials has been doubled several times during the past three decades. Nevertheless, there are numerous challenges to be resolved in order to develop thermoelectric systems for our modern applications. This paper discusses the recent advances in thermoelectric power systems and sheds the light on the main problematic concerns which confront contemporary research efforts in that field.
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Frączek, Mariusz, Krzysztof Górski, and Leszek Wolaniuk. "Possibilities of Powering Military Equipment Based on Renewable Energy Sources." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020843.
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Nowadays, the land forces of the Republic of Poland use mainly two forms of powering their equipment and military devices: by connecting various devices to the national power grid and by diesel-electric generators of individual vehicles. With the first solution, power cuts have to be taken into account. In the latter case, it is necessary to ensure large fuel deliveries on a timely manner. It entails a search for new solutions able to effectively meet the needs of an individual soldier and command posts. It has inspired engineers to work on renewable energy sources. This review paper presents a concept for photovoltaic cells usage and a concept for air turbines used to charge electric power sources of different powers for the individual needs of soldiers and command posts. Examples of solutions for mobile energy systems are presented in the research work. They were verified in terms of their suitability for military applications. The concept of using a personal device to supply power for charging batteries and elements of individual soldier equipment, including low-power radio stations, has been presented as well.
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Shoeibi, Shahin, Hadi Kargarsharifabad, Meisam Sadi, Ahmad Arabkoohsar, and Seyed Ali Agha Mirjalily. "A review on using thermoelectric cooling, heating, and electricity generators in solar energy applications." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 52 (August 2022): 102105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2022.102105.
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Ahmed, H. E., H. A. Mohammed, and M. Z. Yusoff. "An overview on heat transfer augmentation using vortex generators and nanofluids: Approaches and applications." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, no. 8 (October 2012): 5951–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.06.003.
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Celestine, Asha-Dee N., Martin Sulic, Marika Wieliczko, and Ned T. Stetson. "Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage Systems for Large-Scale Data Center Applications." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 16, 2021): 12654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212654.
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Global demand for data and data access has spurred the rapid growth of the data center industry. To meet demands, data centers must provide uninterrupted service even during the loss of primary power. Service providers seeking ways to eliminate their carbon footprint are increasingly looking to clean and sustainable energy solutions, such as hydrogen technologies, as alternatives to traditional backup generators. In this viewpoint, a survey of the current state of data centers and hydrogen-based technologies is provided along with a discussion of the hydrogen storage and infrastructure requirements needed for large-scale backup power applications at data centers.
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Bharathi, Manne, Udochukwu Bola Akuru, and Malligunta Kiran Kumar. "Comparative Design and Performance Analysis of 10 kW Rare-Earth and Non-Rare Earth Flux Reversal Wind Generators." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020636.
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Generators are a key technological element of the wind energy generation system. Currently, there is an increasing interest in adopting non-conventional stator-mounted permanent magnet generators, e.g., flux reversal generators (FRGs), which is a good alternative to conventional synchronous generators for medium-speed wind turbine generator applications. The usage of FRG with rare-earth (RE) permanent magnets (PMs) is increasing due to their high efficiency and high power density factors. However, RE PMs are unattractive to wind generators in terms of their cost and unpredictable market supply. In this paper, an attempt is made to study the potential of FRG with non-rare earths (ferrite PMs) for wind generators. The three-phase, 6/8 pole FRG is designed and compared with RE and NRE PMs for wind generator application at 375 r/min, 10 kW. Using 2D FEA, both the generators are compared in terms of their power generating performance with excellent overload capability. It shows that the average efficiency of the generators is approximately similar, but the torque density of NRE-FRG is only 51% that of RE-FRG. The NRE-FRG design is heavier, with the total active mass being 2.6 times higher than the RE-FRG, but with the estimated total active material cost of both generators almost the same. Moreover, the toque ripple for RE-FRG is 64% higher than for NRE-FRG. The demagnetization risk analysis was performed, and it is found that at higher temperatures, RE-FRG structures are prone to higher demagnetization risks, while it is much lower in NRE-FRGs. In summary, it is found that NRE-FRG is a suitable alternative to RE-FRG for medium-speed wind turbine generator applications in the 10-kW power range.
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Oh, Hyobin, Hansol Shin, Kyuhyeong Kwag, Pyeongik Hwang, and Wook Kim. "Power System Reliability Evaluation Based on Chronological Booth–Baleriaux Method." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (July 24, 2023): 8548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148548.
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The complexity of modern power systems is increasing because of the development of various intermittent generators. In practical reliability evaluations, it is essential to include both the failure of conventional generators and the output characteristics of renewable energy; the use of the latter has increased rapidly. The weather-dependent nature of renewable energy output, which is inexplicable in the load duration curve method, highlights the need for further study of the methods of a reliability evaluation that can consider temporal characteristics. This paper proposes a deterministic reliability evaluation method based on the Booth–Baleriaux method, chronologically extended to address the preventative maintenance schedule of a generator and the characteristics of renewable energy. The proposed method was applied to an IEEE reliability test system for performance verification, and a reliability evaluation was performed considering various chronological patterns. The proposed method was also applied to determine the adequate capacity reserve that should be installed in a Korean power system. The proposed method is stable, and it produced robust results.
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Muljadi, E., C. P. Butterfield, and P. Migliore. "Variable Speed Operation of Generators With Rotor-Speed Feedback in Wind Power Applications." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 118, no. 4 (November 1, 1996): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2871793.
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The use of induction generators in wind power applications has been common since the early development of the wind industry. Most of these generators operate at fixed frequency and are connected directly to the utility grid. Unfortunately, this mode of operation limits the rotor speed to a specific rpm. Variable speed operation is preferred in order to facilitate maximum energy capture over a wide range of wind speeds. This paper explores variable speed operating strategies for wind turbine applications. The objectives are to maximize energy production, provide controlled start-up, and reduce torque loading. This paper focuses on optimizing the energy captured by operating at maximum aerodynamic efficiency at any wind speed. The control strategy we analyze uses rotor speed and generator power as the feedback signals. In the normal operating region, rotor speed is used to compute a target power that corresponds to optimum operation. With power as the control objective, the power converter and generator are controlled to track the target power at any rpm. Thus, the torque-speed characteristic of the generator is shaped to optimize the energy capture. The target power is continuously updated at any rpm. In extreme areas of the operating envelope, during start-up, shutdown, generator overload, or overspeed, different strategies driven by other system considerations must be used.
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Jai Andaloussi, Z., A. Raihani, A. El Magri, R. Lajouad, and A. El Fadili. "Novel Nonlinear Control and Optimization Strategies for Hybrid Renewable Energy Conversion System." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2021 (October 4, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3519490.
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This article deals with a hybrid renewable energy conversion system (HRECS) interconnected to the three-phase grid in association with their power conversion components, i.e., AC/DC rectifier and DC/AC inverter. The HRECS is built around a permanent magnet synchronous wind turbine generator and a photovoltaic energy conversion system. Comparing to traditional control methods, a new multiobjective control strategy is developed to enhance system performances. This makes it possible to account in addition to optimal turbine speed regulation and PV-MPPT and three other important control objectives such as DC-link voltage regulation and the injected reactive power in the grid. To achieve these objectives, a novel control strategy is developed, based on a nonlinear model of the whole “converters-generators” association. The robustness and the stability analysis of the system have been proved using the Lyapunov theory and precisely the backstepping control and the sliding mode control. The performances of the proposed controllers are formally analyzed with respect to standard control solutions illustrated through simulation.
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Cheung, Brian, Rupp Carriveau, and David S. K. Ting. "Storing Energy Underwater." Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 12 (December 1, 2012): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-dec-3.
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This article discusses the advantage of compressed air energy storage (CAES) system. CAES has been proposed as an alternative to pumped hydro storage for large-scale, bulk energy management. CAES systems typically rely on electrically driven air compressors that pump pressurized air into large underground geological formations such as aquifers and caverns for storage. When the power is needed, turboexpanders connected to generators convert the compressed air back into electrical energy. Like pumped hydro, CAES can be scaled to sizes compatible for supplementing large renewable energy facilities. The lifetime costs for a CAES system can make it work as a means for storing cheap off peak electricity and selling it during peak hours, but capital costs and difficulties finding suitable geological structures have limited the technology’s applications. To make CAES more useful for storing wind-powered electricity, the systems have to become less expensive and have greater flexibility in sitting.
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Delgado, Carmen, and José Antonio Domínguez-Navarro. "Multi-objective design optimization of hybrid renewable systems using UGF." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 34, no. 6 (November 2, 2015): 1825–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-11-2014-0326.
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Purpose – Renewable generation is a main component of most hybrid generation systems. However, randomness on its generation is a characteristic to be considered due to its direct impact on reliability and performance of these systems. For this reason, renewable generation usually is accompanied with other generation elements to improve their general performance. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the power generation system, composed of solar, wind and diesel generation and power outsourcing option from the grid as means of reserve source. A multi-objective optimization for the design of hybrid generation system is proposed, particularly using the cost of energy, two different reliability indexes and the percentage of renewable energy as objectives. Further, the uncertainty of renewable sources and demand is modeled with a new technique that permits to evaluate the reliability quickly. Design/methodology/approach – The multi-state model of the generators and the load is modeled with the Universal Generating Function (UGF) to estimate the reliability indexes for the whole system. Then an evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm) is used to solve the multi-objective optimization model. Findings – The use of UGF methodology reduces the computation time, providing effective results. The validation of reliability assessment of hybrid generation systems using the UGF is carried out taking as a benchmark the results obtained with the Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed multi-objective algorithm gives as a result different generators combinations that outline hybrid systems, where some of them could be preferred over others depending on its results for each independent objective. Also it allows us to observe the changes produced on the resulting solutions due to the impact of the power fluctuation of the renewable generators. Originality/value – The main contributions of this paper are: an extended multi state model that includes different types of renewable energies, with emphasis on modeling of solar energy; demonstrate the performance improvement of UGF against SMC regarding the computational time required for this case; test the impact of different multi-states numbers for the representation of the elements; depict through multi-objective optimization, the impact of combining different energies on the cost and reliability of the resultant systems.
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Esmaeilnezhad, Ehsan, Hyoung Jin Choi, Mahin Schaffie, Mostafa Gholizadeh, and Mohammad Ranjbar. "Characteristics and applications of magnetized water as a green technology." Journal of Cleaner Production 161 (September 2017): 908–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.166.
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Jin, Wei, Shuo Zhang, and Jian Li. "Robust Planning of Distributed Generators in Active Distribution Network Considering Network Reconfiguration." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2023): 7747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137747.
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The energy crisis and environmental concerns have accelerated the development of the active distribution network (ADN) with a high proportion of renewable energy, which poses a challenge to the operation of the power system. Moreover, using active management means to promote the consumption of renewable energy is an important task of ADN. Therefore, as an important operation means, the network reconfiguration is used to enhance the adjustable capacity of the power system at the planning stage. Firstly, a “wind–light–load” uncertain scenario set is constructed to address the uncertainty of wind speed, lighting, and load. On this basis, a robust optimization model for distributed power generation taking into account network reconstruction and in ADN is proposed. In addition, the distributed generator (DG) permeability indicator is introduced in the planning model to improve the ADN ability of absorbing renewable energy. A linearized AC power flow model is utilized to calculate the power flow. Finally, via simulation in an IEEE 33-bus system and IEEE 69-bus system, the influence of network reconfiguration and robustness on distributed generator planning, economy and reliability of ADN is analyzed, and the validity of the model is verified.
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Saidi, Lotfi, and Mohamed Benbouzid. "Prognostics and Health Management of Renewable Energy Systems: State of the Art Review, Challenges, and Trends." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 2732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222732.
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The purpose of this study is to highlight approaches for predicting a system’s future behavior and estimating its remaining useful life (RUL) to define an effective maintenance schedule. Indeed, prognosis and health management (PHM) strategies for renewable energy systems, with a focus on wind turbine generators, are given, as well as publications published in the recent ten years. As a result, some prognostic applications in renewable energy systems are emphasized, such as power converter devices, battery capacity degradation, and damage in wind turbine high-speed shaft bearings. The paper not only focuses on the methodologies adopted during the early research in the area of PHM but also investigates more current challenges and trends in this domain
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CHAHMI, Abdelghani. "Study of photovoltaic systems with differences connecting configuration topologies for applications in renewable energy systems." International Journal of Energetica 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47238/ijeca.v4i1.83.
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This paper focuses in the optimization of the efficiency of photovoltaic power conversion systems; we present a new alternative for improving both the optimization of the efficiency of photovoltaic power conversion chain. In this way, we present to the valuation problem of photovoltaic by new coupling systems between photovoltaic generators and their loads and performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems and the efficiency of the energy conversion by using different configuration of power converters. Different type’s improvements have been proposed of different architecture in order to choose the correct PV architecture for each PV installation on the efficiency improvement in all power conversion level stages between PV cells and loads. In this context, this work presents the study and adaptive simulation of photovoltaic systems with micro inverters configurations for applications of renewable energy. We performed comparative between a central and distribution connection of converter via an adaptation floor with Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) control. For this reason, it is important to know different types of architecture and different configuration of power converters in order to choose the correct PV architecture for each PV installation. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the proposed topologies to provide improvement in efficiency over existing traditional PV systems.
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Thankakan, Rakesh, and Edward Rajan Samuel Nadar. "Investigation of thermoelectric generators connected in different configurations for micro-grid applications." International Journal of Energy Research 42, no. 6 (February 7, 2018): 2290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4015.
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Ramirez, Dionisio, Hugo Mendonça, Marcos Blanco, and Fernando Martinez. "Non‐linear vector current source for the control of permanent magnet synchronous generators in wave energy applications." IET Renewable Power Generation 13, no. 13 (July 24, 2019): 2409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0122.
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Paz-Rodríguez, Alejandra, Juan Felipe Castro-Ordoñez, Oscar Danilo Montoya, and Diego Armando Giral-Ramírez. "Optimal Integration of Photovoltaic Sources in Distribution Networks for Daily Energy Losses Minimization Using the Vortex Search Algorithm." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 4418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104418.
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This paper deals with the optimal siting and sizing problem of photovoltaic (PV) generators in electrical distribution networks considering daily load and generation profiles. It proposes the discrete-continuous version of the vortex search algorithm (DCVSA) to locate and size the PV sources where the discrete part of the codification defines the nodes. Renewable generators are installed in these nodes, and the continuous section determines their optimal sizes. In addition, through the successive approximation power flow method, the objective function of the optimization model is obtained. This objective function is related to the minimization of the daily energy losses. This method allows determining the power losses in each period for each renewable generation input provided by the DCVSA (i.e., location and sizing of the PV sources). Numerical validations in the IEEE 33- and IEEE 69-bus systems demonstrate that: (i) the proposed DCVSA finds the optimal global solution for both test feeders when the location and size of the PV generators are explored, considering the peak load scenario. (ii) In the case of the daily operative scenario, the total reduction of energy losses for both test feeders are 23.3643% and 24.3863%, respectively; and (iii) the DCVSA presents a better numerical performance regarding the objective function value when compared with the BONMIN solver in the GAMS software, which demonstrates the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed master-slave optimization algorithm.
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Shahzad Nazir, Muhammad, Qinghua Wu, and Mengshi Li. "Symmetrical Short-Circuit Parameters Comparison of DFIG–WT." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 8, no. 2 (2017): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.8.2.5.
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Renewable energy with new resources is depleting the fossil fuel-based energy resources. Renewable energy sources (such as wind energy) based power generators are important energy conversion machines and have widely industrial and commercial applications due to their superior performance, and the fact that they endure faults well and are environmentally friendly. The study of the transient behavior of such generators under fault condition has drawn much attention. This study presents Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) perturbation during a symmetrical (three-phase) short circuit (SSC) at different points. Simulation results reveal that after a fault occurs, there is decay of SC parameters (transient time, maximum current, steady-state and voltage dip) at the point of common coupling (PCC) and the grid-side converter (GSC) of DFIG. Simulation results depict a more sensitive and robust point during a SSC of DFIG. Current findings present the main difference between the PCC and the GSC during SSC faults. These comparisons provide a more precise understanding of fault diagnosis reliability with reduced complexity, stability, and optimization of the system. This study verified by the simulation results helps us understand and improve the performance of sensor sensibility (measurements), develop control schemes, protection strategy and select a more accurate and proficient system among other wind energy conversion systems (WECS).
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Reuchlin, Sweder, Rishikesh Joshi, and Roland Schmehl. "Sizing of Hybrid Power Systems for Off-Grid Applications Using Airborne Wind Energy." Energies 16, no. 10 (May 11, 2023): 4036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16104036.
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The majority of remote locations not connected to the main electricity grid rely on diesel generators to provide electrical power. High fuel transportation costs and significant carbon emissions have motivated the development and installation of hybrid power systems using renewable energy such these locations. Because wind and solar energy is intermittent, such sources are usually combined with energy storage for a more stable power supply. This paper presents a modelling and sizing framework for off-grid hybrid power systems using airborne wind energy, solar PV, batteries and diesel generators. The framework is based on hourly time-series data of wind resources from the ERA5 reanalysis dataset and solar resources from the National Solar Radiation Database maintained by NREL. The load data also include hourly time series generated using a combination of modelled and real-life data from the ENTSO-E platform maintained by the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity. The backbone of the framework is a strategy for the sizing of hybrid power system components, which aims to minimise the levelised cost of electricity. A soft-wing ground-generation-based AWE system was modelled based on the specifications provided by Kitepower B.V. The power curve was computed by optimising the operation of the system using a quasi-steady model. The solar PV modules, battery systems and diesel generator models were based on the specifications from publicly available off-the-shelf solutions. The source code of the framework in the MATLAB environment was made available through a GitHub repository. For the representation of results, a hypothetical case study of an off-grid military training camp located in Marseille, France, was described. The results show that significant reductions in the cost of electricity were possible by shifting from purely diesel-based electricity generation to an hybrid power system comprising airborne wind energy, solar PV, batteries and diesel.
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Luta, Doudou Nanitamo, and Atanda K. Raji. "Renewable Hydrogen-Based Energy System for Supplying Power to Telecoms Base Station." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 43 (June 2019): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.43.112.
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Hydrogen is likely to play a significant role in the concept of low-carbon power generation in support to renewable energy systems. It is abundant, eco-friendly, highly efficient and have the potential to be more cost-effective than fossil fuels provided that the engineering challenges associated with its safe infrastructure development, economical extraction and storage are solved. Presently, about 50 million metric tons of hydrogen is generated on a yearly basis, most of that is used for oil refining and ammoniac production. Other applications include electric vehicles, power to gas and power generation, etc. This study focuses on the use of hydrogen for power generation. The main goal is to investigate technical and economic performances of a renewable hydrogen-based energy system as an alternative to diesel generators for powering a remote telecoms base station. The proposed energy system consists of a photovoltaic generator, an electrolyser, a fuel cell, a hydrogen tank, a battery storage system and a power-conditioning unit. The system is simulated using Homer Pro software.
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Nguyen, Thang Trung, Hung Duc Nguyen, and Minh Quan Duong. "Optimal Power Flow Solutions for Power System Considering Electric Market and Renewable Energy." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (March 6, 2023): 3330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053330.
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The paper applies jellyfish search algorithm (JSA) for reaching the maximum profit of IEEE 30-node and IEEE 118-node transmission power networks considering electrical market and wind turbines (WTs). JSA is compared with the particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), moth swarm algorithm (MSA), salp swarm algorithm (SSA), and water cycle algorithm (WCA) for three study cases. The same and different electric prices for all nodes are, respectively, considered in Case 1 and Case 2, whereas Case 3 considers different prices and the placement of one WT. As a result, JSA can reach higher profit than MSA, SSA, WCA, PSO, and GA by 1.2%, 2.44%, 1.7%, 1.3%, and 1.02% for Cases 1, 2, and 3. Then, JSA is applied for optimizing the placement of from two to four WTs for the first system, and from zero to five wind farms (WF) for the second systems. Comparison of profits from the study cases indicates that the network can reach higher profit if more WTs and WFs are optimally placed. The placement of four WTs can support the two systems to reach higher profit by $130.3 and $34770.4, respectively. The greater profits are equivalent to 2.6% and 97.2% the profit of the base system. On the other hand, the obtained results also reveal the important order of location for installing wind power generators. The important order of nodes is, respectively, Nodes 5, 2, 1, and 10 for the first system, as well as Nodes 29, 31, 71, 45, and 47 for the second system. Thus, it is recommended that renewable energies are very useful in improving profit for transmission power systems, and the solutions of installing renewable energy-based generators should be determined by high performance algorithms, such as JSA.
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Patnaik, Samarjit, Manas Ranjan Nayak, and Meera Viswavandya. "Smart deployment of energy storage and renewable energy sources for improving distribution system efficacy." AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering 6, no. 4 (2022): 397–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2022024.
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<abstract><p>Climate change, global warming, the depletion of fossil fuels, and rising energy demand are the main forces behind the increase in renewable energy sources. However, the unpredictability of power output from these renewable energy sources presents distribution system integration issues such as limited feeder capacity, unstable voltage, and network power loss. This study analyses the African vulture optimisation algorithm to determine the best allocation of distribution generators, with an emphasis on reducing the ageing of distribution transformers and delaying investment in feeders. The optimization technique provides faster global convergence and outperforms existing bio-inspired algorithms verified with benchmark uni-modal functions as a result of a larger crossover between the exploration and exploitation phases. The key aim is to decrease active power loss while simultaneously enhancing security margin and voltage stability. The IEEE 69-bus RDS system is utilised to validate the case studies for appropriate allocation of photovoltaic, wind turbine generation, and battery energy storage systems units, as well as offering the ideal energy management approach. During simulation, uncertainty on the characteristics of renewable energy source is accounted for. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm with a substantial improvement in voltage profile, the benefit of lower CO2 emissions, an increase in security margin of up to 143%, and the advantage of extending the feeder investment deferral period by more than 50 years. In addition, the distribution transformer ageing acceleration factor improves significantly in the case of an increase in load demand.</p></abstract>
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Dorrell, David G. "Permanent magnet generators for renewable energy devices with wide speed range and pulsating power delivery." International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 36, no. 2 (2009): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2009.027855.
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Dudek, Grzegorz, Paweł Piotrowski, and Dariusz Baczyński. "Intelligent Forecasting and Optimization in Electrical Power Systems: Advances in Models and Applications." Energies 16, no. 7 (March 26, 2023): 3024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073024.
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A modern power system is a complex network of interconnected components, such as generators, transmission lines, and distribution subsystems, that are designed to provide electricity to consumers in an efficient and reliable manner [...]
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Kumari, Madhumita, and Kirti Pal. "Dynamic Combined Economic Emission Dispatch Including Wind Generators by Real Coded Genetic Algorithm." International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamc.292510.
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With the growing environmental depletion, the shift in the focus towards minimizing the emissions of gases released in the conventional generators and further incorporation of a cleaner alternate renewable source of energy such as wind or solar to the existing system is of utmost importance. The research paper aims to build an environmentally resilient electric power system. Real coded genetic algorithm- powerful optimization technique is employed to solve the dynamic combined economic emission dispatch i.e. DCEED strategy for two proposed algorithm. The first proposed DCEED algorithm includes fuel cost of only conventional generators while in the second algorithm along with conventional generators, wind powered generators with varying power output characteristic is added. A comparative analysis of both the algorithms in terms of total combined cost, emission level and fuel cost is taken into account and it is observed that in spite of wind uncertainty the proposed method is more economical.
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Kumar, G. V. Brahmendra, and K. Palanisamy. "A Review of Energy Storage Participation for Ancillary Services in a Microgrid Environment." Inventions 5, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions5040063.
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This paper reviews the energy storage participation for ancillary services in a microgrid (MG) system. The MG is used as a basic empowering solution to combine renewable generators and storage systems distributed to assist several demands proficiently. However, because of unforeseen and sporadic features of renewable energy, innovative tasks rise for the consistent process of MGs. Power management in MGs that contain renewable energy sources (RES) can be improved by energy storage. The energy storage systems (ESSs) have several merits, such as supply and demand balancing, smoothing of RES power generation, enhancing power quality and reliability, and facilitating the ancillary services like voltage and frequency regulation in MG operation. The integration of ESS technology has become a solution to the challenges the power distribution networks face in achieving improved performance. By simplifying a smooth and robust energy balance within the MG, storage devices match energy generation to consumption. MG, and its multidisciplinary portrait of current MG drivers, tasks, real-world applications, and upcoming views are elucidated in this paper.