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Journal articles on the topic 'Magnetised vortex'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Shelyag, S., V. Fedun, F. P. Keenan, R. Erdélyi, and M. Mathioudakis. "Photospheric magnetic vortex structures." Annales Geophysicae 29, no. 5 (May 23, 2011): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-883-2011.

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Abstract. Using direct numerical magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, we demonstrate the evidence of two physically different types of vortex motions in the solar photosphere. Baroclinic motions of plasma in non-magnetic granules are the primary source of vorticity in granular regions of the solar photosphere, however, there is a significantly more efficient mechanism of vorticity production in strongly magnetised intergranular lanes. These swirly motions of plasma in intergranular magnetic field concentrations could be responsible for the generation of different types of MHD wave modes, for example, kink, sausage and torsional Alfvén waves. These waves could transport a relevant amount of energy from the lower solar atmosphere and contribute to coronal plasma heating.

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2

Lega, E., A. Morbidelli, R. P. Nelson, X. S. Ramos, A. Crida, W. Béthune, and K. Batygin. "Migration of Jupiter mass planets in discs with laminar accretion flows." Astronomy & Astrophysics 658 (January 27, 2022): A32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141675.

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Context. Migration of giant planets in discs with low viscosity has been studied recently. Results have shown that the proportionality between migration speed and the disc’s viscosity is broken by the presence of vortices that appear at the edges of the planet-induced gap. Under some conditions, this ‘vortex-driven’ migration can be very slow and eventually stops. However, this result has been obtained for discs whose radial mass transport is too low (due to the small viscosity) to be compatible with the mass accretion rates that are typically observed for young stars. Aims. Our goal is to investigate vortex-driven migration in low-viscosity discs in the presence of radial advection of gas, as expected from angular momentum removal by magnetised disc winds. Methods. We performed three dimensional simulations using the grid-based code FARGOCA. We mimicked the effects of a disc wind by applying a synthetic torque on a surface layer of the disc characterised by a prescribed column density ΣA so that it results in a disc accretion rate of ṀA = 10−8 M⊙ yr−1. We have considered values of ΣA typical of the penetration depths of different ionising processes. Discs with this structure are called ‘layered’ and the layer where the torque is applied is denoted as ‘active’. We also consider the case of accretion focussed near the disc midplane to mimic transport properties induced by a large Hall effect or by weak Ohmic diffusion. Results. We observe two migration phases: in the first phase, which is exhibited by all simulations, the migration of the planet is driven by the vortex and is directed inwards. This phase ends when the vortex disappears after having opened a secondary gap, as is typically observed in vortex-driven migration. Migration in the second phase depends on the ability of the torque from the planet to block the accretion flow. When the flow is fast and unimpeded, corresponding to small ΣA, migration is very slow, similar to when there is no accreting layer in the disc. When the accretion flow is completely blocked, migration is faster (typically ṙp ~ 12 AU Myr−1 at 5 au) and the speed is controlled by the rate at which the accretion flow refills the gap behind the migrating planet. The transition between the two regimes, occurs at ΣA ~ 0.2 g cm−2 and 0.65 g cm−2 for Jupiter or Saturn mass planets at 5.2 au, respectively. Conclusions. The migration speed of a giant planet in a layered protoplanetary disc depends on the thickness of the accreting layer. The lack of large-scale migration apparently experienced by the majority of giant exoplanets can be explained if the accreting layer is sufficiently thin to allow unimpeded accretion through the disc.

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3

Liu, Jixing, and Wendell Horton. "The intrinsic electromagnetic solitary vortices in magnetized plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 36, no. 1 (August 1986): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800011557.

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Several Rossby-type vortex solutions constructed for electromagnetic perturbations in magnetized plasma encounter the difficulty that the perturbed magnetic field and the parallel current are not continuous on the boundary between two regions. We find that fourth-order differential equations must be solved to remove this discontinuity. Special solutions for two types of boundary value problem for the fourth-order partial differential equations are presented. By applying these solutions to different nonlinear equations in magnetized plasma, the intrinsic electromagnetic solitary drift-Alfvén vortex (along with solitary Alfvén vortex) and the intrinsic electromagnetic solitary electron vortex (along with short-wavelength drift vortex) are constructed. While still keeping a localized dipole structure, these new vortices have more complicated radial structures in the inner and outer regions than the usual Rossby-wave vortex. The new type of vortex guarantees the continuity of the perturbed magnetic field δB⊥ and the parallel current j‖ on the boundary between inner and outer regions of the vortex. The allowed regions of propagation speeds for these vortices are analysed, and we find that the complementary relation between the vortex propagating speeds and the corresponding phase velocities of the linear modes no longer exists.

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4

Kono, M., B. Krane, H. L. Pécseli, and J. Trulsen. "Vortex Dynamics in Magnetized Plasmas." Physica Scripta 58, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/58/3/008.

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5

Maslov, V. I., O. K. Cheremnykh, A. P. Fomina, R. I. Kholodov, O. P. Novak, and R. T. Ovsiannikov. "Vortex Structures and Electron Beam Dynamics in Magnetized Plasma." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 66, no. 4 (May 12, 2021): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe66.4.310.

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We investigate the formation of vortex structures at the refl ection of an electron beam from the double layer of the Jupiter ionosphere. The infl uence of these vortex structures on the formation of dense upward electron fl uxes accelerated by the double layer potential along the Io flux tube is studied. The phase transition to the cyclotron superradiance mode becomes possible for these electrons. The conditions of the formation of vortex perturbations are considered. The nonlinear equation that describes the vortex dynamics of electrons is constructed, and its consequences are studied.

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6

Russell, Craig L., P. J. Blennerhassett, and P. J. Stiles. "Strongly nonlinear vortices in magnetized ferrofluids." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 40, no. 2 (October 1998): 146–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000012443.

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AbstractNonlinear convective roll cells that develop in thin layers of magnetized ferrofluids heated from above are examined in the limit as the wavenumber of the cells becomes large. Weakly nonlinear solutions of the governing equations are extended to solutions that are valid at larger distances above the curves of marginal stability. In this region, a vortex flow develops where the fundamental vortex terms and the correction to the mean are determined simultaneously rather than sequentially. The solution is further extended into the nonlinear region of parameter space where the flow has a core-boundary layer structure characterized by a simple solution in the core and a boundary layer containing all the harmonics of the vortex motion. Numerical solutions of the boundary layer equations are presented and it is shown that the heat transfer across the layer is significantly greater than in the conduction state.

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7

Bergmans, J., B. N. Kuvshinov, V. P. Lakhin, T. J. Schep, and E. Westerhof. "Current-vortex filaments in magnetized plasmas." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 41, no. 3A (January 1, 1999): A709—A717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/41/3a/064.

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8

MAMUN, A. A. "Nonlinear propagation of dust-acoustic waves in a magnetized dusty plasma with vortex-like ion distribution." Journal of Plasma Physics 59, no. 3 (April 1998): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002237789800645x.

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A theoretical investigation has been made of the nonlinear propagation of dust-acoustic waves in a magnetized three-component dusty plasma consisting of a negatively charged dust fluid, free electrons and vortex-like distributed ions. It is found that, owing to the departure from the Boltzmann ion distribution to a vortex-like one, the dynamics of small- but finite-amplitude dust-acoustic waves in a magnetized dusty plasma is governed by the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation. The latter admits a stationary dust-acoustic solitary-wave solution that has larger amplitude, smaller width and higher propagation velocity than that involving adiabatic ions. The effects of external magnetic field, trapped ions and free electrons on the properties of these dust-acoustic solitary waves are briefly discussed.

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9

SHUKLA, P. K., T. FARID, L. STENFLO, and O. G. ONISHCHENKO. "Sheared-flow-driven vortices in a magnetized dusty electron–positron plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 64, no. 4 (October 2000): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800008667.

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It is shown that sheared plasma flows can generate nonthermal electrostatic waves in a magnetized dusty electron–positron plasma. Linearly excited modes attain large amplitudes and start interacting among themselves. Nonlinearly coupled modes self-organize in the form of coherent vortices comprising a vortex chain and a double vortex. Conditions under which the latter appear are given. The relevance of our investigation to space, astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas is pointed out.

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10

Khizar, M., Arshad M. Mirza, M. Salahuddin, and M. S. Qaisar. "Magnetic electron drift vortex in magnetized plasma." Physica Scripta 55, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/55/5/012.

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11

Das, Raja, Chiran Witanachchi, Zohreh Nemati, Vijaysankar Kalappattil, Irati Rodrigo, José Ángel García, Eneko Garaio, et al. "Magnetic Vortex and Hyperthermia Suppression in Multigrain Iron Oxide Nanorings." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030787.

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Single-crystal iron oxide nanorings have been proposed as a promising candidate for magnetic hyperthermia application because of their unique shape-induced vortex-domain structure, which supports good colloidal stability and enhanced magnetic properties. However, the synthesis of single crystalline iron oxide has proven to be challenging. In this article, we showed that chemically synthesized multigrain magnetite nanorings disfavor a shape-induced magnetic vortex-domain structure. Our results indicate that the multigrain Fe3O4 nanorings with an average outer diameter of ~110 nm and an inner to outer diameter ratio of ~0.5 do not show a shape-induced vortex-domain structure, which was observed in the single-crystal Fe3O4 nanorings of similar dimensions. At 300 Ks, multigrain magnetite nanorings showed an effective anisotropy field of 440 Oe, which can be attributed to its high surface area and intraparticle interaction. Both calorimetric and AC loop measurements showed a moderate inductive heating efficiency of multigrain magnetite nanorings of ~300 W/g at 800 Oe. Our results shed light on the magnetic ground states of chemically synthesized multigrain Fe3O4 nanorings.

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12

Mohammed Al-antaki, Ahmed Hussein, Xuan Luo, Alex Duan, Robert N. Lamb, Ela Eroglu, Wayne Hutchison, Yi-Chao Zou, Jin Zou, and Colin L. Raston. "Continuous flow synthesis of phosphate binding h-BN@magnetite hybrid material." RSC Advances 8, no. 71 (2018): 40829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08336c.

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13

Guevara De Jesus, Michael, Zhuyun Xiao, Maite Goiriena-Goikoetxea, Rajesh V. Chopdekar, Mohanchandra K. Panduranga, Paymon Shirazi, Adrian Acosta, et al. "Magnetic state switching in FeGa microstructures." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 035005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac46db.

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Abstract This work demonstrates that magnetoelectric composite heterostructures can be designed at the length scale of 10 µms that can be switched from a magnetized state to a vortex state, effectively switching the magnetization off, using electric field induced strain. This was accomplished using thin film magnetoelectric heterostructures of Fe81.4Ga18.6 on a single crystal (011) [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.68-[PbTiO3]0.32 (PMN-32PT) ferroelectric substrate. The heterostructures were tripped from a multi-domain magnetized state to a flux closure vortex state using voltage induced strain in a piezoelectric substrate. FeGa heterostructures were deposited on a Si-substrate for superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry characterization of the magnetic properties. The magnetoelectric coupling of a FeGa continuous film on PMN-32PT was characterized using a magneto optical Kerr effect magnetometer with bi-axial strain gauges, and magnetic multi-domain heterostructures were imaged using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism—photoemission electron microscopy during the transition to the vortex state. The domain structures were modelled using MuMax3, a micromagnetics code, and compared with observations. The results provide considerable insight into designing magnetoelectric heterostructures that can be switched from an ‘on’ state to an ‘off’ state using electric field induced strain.

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14

BAJER, KONRAD, and H. K. MOFFATT. "On the effect of a central vortex on a stretched magnetic flux tube." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 339 (May 25, 1997): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112097005466.

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Experiments and numerical simulations of fully developed turbulence reveal the existence of elongated vortices whose length is of the order of the integral scale of turbulence while the diameter is somewhere between the Kolmogorov scale and the Taylor microscale. These vortices are embedded in quasi-irrotational background flow whose straining action counteracts viscous decay and determines their cross-sectional shape. In the present paper we analyse the effect of a stretched vortex of this kind on a uni-directional magnetic flux tube aligned with vorticity in an electrically conducting fluid. When the magnetic Prandtl number is large, Pm[gsim ]1, the field is concentrated in a flux tube which, like the vortex itself, has elliptical cross-section inclined at 45° to the principal axes of strain. We focus on the limit Pm[Lt ]1 when the magnetic flux tube has radial extent much larger than that of the vortex, which appears like a point vortex as regards its action on the flux tube. We find the steady-state solution valid in the entire plane outside the vortex core. The solution shows that the magnetic field has a logarithmic spiral component and no definite orientation of the inner contours. Such magnetized vortices may be expected to exist in MHD turbulence with weak magnetic field where the field shows a tendency to align itself with vorticity. Magnetized vortices may also be expected to exist on the solar surface near the corners of convection cells where downwelling swirling flow tends to concentrate the magnetic field.

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15

D'Alonzo, Nicholas J., Paul K. Eggers, and Colin L. Raston. "Vortex fluidics synthesis of polymer coated superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 2 (2017): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj02900k.

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16

Lyuksyutov, Igor F., and Valery Pokrovsky. "ChemInform Abstract: Magnetism Coupled Vortex Matter." ChemInform 30, no. 27 (June 15, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199927282.

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17

Wu, Chaozhong, Ruifeng Qi, Xiong Zhang, Qiang Liu, and Qingsong Huang. "Quick mass-production of MAX (Ti2AlC) book with pages separated by stacking faults benefiting removal of “A” layer." Chemical Communications 55, no. 52 (2019): 7522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc04105b.

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18

Kitiashvili, I. N., A. G. Kosovichev, S. K. Lele, N. N. Mansour, and A. A. Wray. "UBIQUITOUS SOLAR ERUPTIONS DRIVEN BY MAGNETIZED VORTEX TUBES." Astrophysical Journal 770, no. 1 (May 22, 2013): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/770/1/37.

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19

Nebbat, E., and R. Annou. "On vortex dust structures in magnetized dusty plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 17, no. 9 (September 2010): 093702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3481771.

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20

Polygiannakis, J. M., and X. Moussas. "Magnetized vortex tubes in the solar wind plasma." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 42, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 275–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/42/3/305.

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21

Kumar, Prince, and Devendra Sharma. "Dust vortex flow analysis in weakly magnetized plasma." Physics of Plasmas 27, no. 6 (June 2020): 063703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0010850.

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22

Chen, Yin-Hua, and Ji-Xing Liu. "Drift-Alfven Vortex in Low β Magnetized Plasma." Communications in Theoretical Physics 17, no. 2 (March 1992): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/17/2/219.

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23

Tsujimura, Toru Ii, Yuki Goto, Koji Okada, Sakuji Kobayashi, and Shin Kubo. "Development of off-axis spiral phase mirrors for generating optical vortices in a range of millimeter waves." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 043507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0077893.

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In this paper, we report the development of off-axis spiral phase mirrors that can be used to generate optical vortices from a range of millimeter waves. An obliquely incident Gaussian beam is reflected from a spiral phase mirror and is converted into an optical vortex beam with a desired topological charge. The mirrors were fabricated by mechanical machining. The designed vortex properties of reflected waves were investigated experimentally by using a low-power test, where the designed topological charge was verified based on the interference pattern between a vortex beam and a Gaussian-like beam. The designed topological charge was also estimated by using a phase retrieval method specialized for a vortex beam. These off-axis spiral phase mirrors can be used for propagation experiments of radio frequency waves with helical wavefronts in magnetized plasma.

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24

Alharbi, Thaar M. D., Ahmed H. M. Al-Antaki, Mahmoud Moussa, Wayne D. Hutchison, and Colin L. Raston. "Three-step-in-one synthesis of supercapacitor MWCNT superparamagnetic magnetite composite material under flow." Nanoscale Advances 1, no. 9 (2019): 3761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9na00346k.

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25

Geng, Yanan, N. Lee, Y. J. Choi, S. W. Cheong, and Weida Wu. "Collective Magnetism at Multiferroic Vortex Domain Walls." Nano Letters 12, no. 12 (November 14, 2012): 6055–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl301432z.

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26

Chakrabarti, Nikhil, and P. K. Kaw. "Transient vortex structures in low frequency magnetized plasma turbulence." Physics Letters A 226, no. 5 (February 1997): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(96)00947-4.

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27

Shukla, P. K., and N. N. Rao. "Vortex structures in magnetized plasmas with sheared dust flow." Planetary and Space Science 41, no. 5 (May 1993): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(93)90074-c.

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28

Kitiashvili, I. N., A. G. Kosovichev, N. N. Mansour, and A. A. Wray. "DYNAMICS OF MAGNETIZED VORTEX TUBES IN THE SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE." Astrophysical Journal 751, no. 1 (May 7, 2012): L21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/751/1/l21.

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29

LI, Haiying, Jiachen TONG, Wei DING, Bin XU, and Lu BAI. "Transmission characteristics of terahertz Bessel vortex beams through a multi-layered anisotropic magnetized plasma slab." Plasma Science and Technology 24, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ac3ad7.

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Abstract The transmission of terahertz (THz) Bessel vortex beams through a multi-layered anisotropic magnetized plasma slab is investigated by using a hybrid method of cylindrical vector wave functions (CVWFs) and Fourier transform. On the basis of the electromagnetic boundary conditions on each interface, a cascade form of expansion coefficients of the reflected and transmitted fields is obtained. Taking a double Gaussian distribution of the plasma density as an example, the influences of the applied magnetic field, the incident angle and polarization mode of the incident beams on the magnitude, OAM mode and polarization of the transmitted beams are analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the applied magnetic field has a major effect upon the polarization state of the transmitted fields but not upon the transmitted OAM spectrum. The incident angle has a powerful influence upon both the amplitude profile and the OAM spectrum of the transmitted beam. Furthermore, for multiple coaxial vortex beams, an increase of the maximum value of the plasma density causes more remarkable distortion of both the profile and OAM spectrum of the transmitted beam. This research makes a stable foundation for the THz OAM multiplexing/demultiplexing technology in a magnetized plasma environment.

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30

Murtaza, G., P. K. Shukla, M. Y. Yu, and L. Stenflo. "Nonlinear magnetic electron drift waves in magnetized plasmas." Journal of Plasma Physics 41, no. 2 (April 1989): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800013842.

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This paper presents a derivation of the nonlinear equations governing the space–time evolution of magnetic electron drift waves in an inhomogeneous magnetoplasma. The equilibrium electron pressure gradient is maintained by the gradient of an external magnetic field. An oscillatory instability is shown to arise. The existence of magnetic electron drift vortices is discussed and the limitation on the vortex speed due to the external magnetic field is pointed out.

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31

Rodrigues, Fernando, Eduardo Azzolini Volnistem, Gustavo Sanguino Dias, Ivair Aparecido dos Santos, and Luiz Cotica. "Magnetic Nanorings for Biomedical Applications." Advanced Nano Research 5, no. 1 (July 17, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/anr.5.1.1-7.

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In this work we investigate the characteristics and feasibility of a new class of magnetic particles that are optimized for possible biological applications as magnetic hyperthermia. These new nanostructures have the nanoring shape, being composed of iron oxides (magnetite or hematite). Such morphology gives the nanoparticles a peculiar magnetic behavior due to their magnetic vortex state. The iron oxide nanorings were obtained using hydrothermal synthesis. X-ray Diffraction confirmed the existence of the desired crystal structure and Scanning Electron Microscopy shows that the magnetite particles had nanometric dimensions with annular morphology (diameter ~250 nm). The nanorings also show intensified magnetic properties and a transition to a vortex state. This study showed that it is possible to obtain magnetic nanorings with properties that can be used in nanotechnological applications (mainly biotechnological ones aimed at the treatment and diagnosis of cancer), in large quantities in a simple synthesis route.

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32

Guslienko, K. Yu. "Magnetic Vortex State Stability, Reversal and Dynamics in Restricted Geometries." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 2745–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18305.

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Magnetic vortices are typically the ground states in geometrically confined ferromagnets with small magnetocrystalline anisotropy. In this article I review static and dynamic properties of the magnetic vortex state in small particles with nanoscale thickness and sub-micron and micron lateral sizes (magnetic dots). Magnetic dots made of soft magnetic material shaped as flat circular and elliptic cylinders are considered. Such mesoscopic dots undergo magnetization reversal through successive nucleation, displacement and annihilation of magnetic vortices. The reversal process depends on the stability of different possible zero-field magnetization configurations with respect to the dot geometrical parameters and application of an external magnetic field. The interdot magnetostatic interaction plays an important role in magnetization reversal for dot arrays with a small dot-to-dot distance, leading to decreases in the vortex nucleation and annihilation fields. Magnetic vortices reveal rich, non-trivial dynamical properties due to existance of the vortex core bearing topological charges. The vortex ground state magnetization distribution leads to a considerable modification of the nature of spin excitations in comparison to those in the uniformly magnetized state. A magnetic vortex confined in a magnetically soft ferromagnet with micron-sized lateral dimensions possesses a characteristic dynamic excitation known as a translational mode that corresponds to spiral-like precession of the vortex core around its equilibrium position. The translation motions of coupled vortices are considered. There are, above the vortex translation mode eigenfrequencies, several dynamic magnetization eigenmodes localized outside the vortex core whose frequencies are determined principally by dynamic demagnetizing fields appearing due to restricted dot geometry. The vortex excitation modes are classified as translation modes and radially or azimuthally symmetric spin waves over the vortex ground state. Studying the spin eigenmodes in such systems provides valuable information to relate the particle dynamical response to geometrical parameters. Unresolved problems are identified to attract attention of researchers working in the area of nanomagnetism.

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33

SAKURABA, ATARU. "A jet-like structure revealed by a numerical simulation of rotating spherical-shell magnetoconvection." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 573 (February 2007): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112006003880.

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Numerical results on thermally driven nonlinear magnetoconvection in a rapidly rotating fluid spherical shell are reported. A uniform magnetic field that is parallel to the rotation axis is imposed externally. The Ekman number is 2 × 10−6, representing a state of negligible viscosity, as in the Earth's core. The convection pattern is characterized by a few large-scale vortex columns superimposed on a fast westward (retrograde) zonal flow. In the equatorial region, an anticyclonic vortex is intensified, in which an induced axial magnetic field is stored. Interaction between the magnetized vortex and the zonal flow leads to a thin jet at the western side of the vortex. The jet is also characterized by a thin electric current sheet caused by a steep gradient of the axial magnetic field. Because of this structure, the jet region can be designated as a magnetic front by analogy with fronts in mid-latitude atmospheric cyclones. It can be estimated from an order-of-magnitude analysis that the jet width decreases in inverse proportion to the zonal flow speed, and that the jet speed and the sheet-like electric current are proportional to the square of the zonal flow speed.

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34

KUVSHINOV, B. N., V. P. LAKHIN, F. PEGORARO, and T. J. SCHEP. "Hamiltonian vortices and reconnection in a magnetized plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 59, no. 4 (June 1998): 727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377898006655.

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Hamiltonian vortices and reconnection in magnetized plasmas are investigated analytically and numerically using a two-fluid model. The equations are written in the Lagrangian form of three fields that are advected with different velocities. This system can be considered as a generalization and extension of the two-dimensional Euler equation for an ordinary fluid. It is pointed out that these equations allow solutions in the form of singular current-vortex filaments, drift-Alfvén vortices and magnetic islands, and admit collisionless magnetic reconnection where magnetic flux is converted into electron momentum and ion vorticity.

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35

Nobahar, Davod, and Sirous Khorram. "Terahertz vortex beam propagation through a magnetized plasma-ferrite structure." Optics & Laser Technology 146 (February 2022): 107522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107522.

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36

Tajima, T., W. Horton, P. J. Morrison, J. Schutkeker, T. Kamimura, K. Mima, and Y. Abe. "Instabilities and vortex dynamics in shear flow of magnetized plasmas." Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics 3, no. 4 (April 1991): 938–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859850.

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37

Feng, Huang, Ye Maofu, Wang Long, and Liu Yanhong. "Observation of Vortex Patterns in a Magnetized Dusty Plasma System." Plasma Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (February 2007): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/9/1/03.

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38

Shukla, P. K., J. Srinivas, G. Murtaza, and H. Saleem. "Formation of vortex chains in a nonuniform magnetized electron plasma." Physics of Plasmas 1, no. 10 (October 1994): 3505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870927.

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39

Chakrabarti, Nikhil, and Predhiman Kaw. "Stability of vortex flows in magnetized plasmas. II. Boltzmann vortices." Physics of Plasmas 3, no. 12 (December 1996): 4360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872052.

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40

Winterberg, F. "Plasma gun supersonic vortex magnetohydrodynamic dynamo for magnetized target fusion." Physics of Plasmas 11, no. 1 (January 2004): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1626680.

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41

Bharuthram, R., and P. K. Shukla. "Dynamics of kink instability in a non-uniform magnetoplasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 38, no. 2 (October 1987): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800012605.

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Accounting for an external electron current gradient, a set of nonlinear fluid equations governing the dynamics of kink instability in an inhomogeneous magnetized plasma has been derived. In the linear regime, the dispersion relation is analysed and the variation of the growth rate is graphically shown. In the nonlinear regime, it is shown that a quasi-stationary solution of the mode coupling equations can be represented as a dipolar vortex. Conditions under which the latter arises are given.

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42

Shukla, P. K., and R. Bharuthram. "Convective cell and Alfvén vortices in an inhomogeneous rotating cold magnetoplasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 37, no. 2 (April 1987): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800012113.

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It is shown that double vortices are a special class of stationary solutions of the set of nonlinear equations that governs the dynamics of modified convective cells and shear Alfvén waves in a cold rotating magnetized plasma. Criteria for the existence of dipole vortices as well as several analytical expressions for the vortex profiles are presented. It is suggested that modified convective cell and Alfvén dipole vortices may cause anomalous cross-field particle transport in a low-β plasma, such as the ionosphere.

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43

Almeida, Trevor P., Adrian R. Muxworthy, András Kovács, Wyn Williams, Paul D. Brown, and Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski. "Direct visualization of the thermomagnetic behavior of pseudo–single-domain magnetite particles." Science Advances 2, no. 4 (April 2016): e1501801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501801.

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The study of the paleomagnetic signal recorded by rocks allows scientists to understand Earth’s past magnetic field and the formation of the geodynamo. The magnetic recording fidelity of this signal is dependent on the magnetic domain state it adopts. The most prevalent example found in nature is the pseudo–single-domain (PSD) structure, yet its recording fidelity is poorly understood. Here, the thermoremanent behavior of PSD magnetite (Fe3O4) particles, which dominate the magnetic signatures of many rock lithologies, is investigated using electron holography. This study provides spatially resolved magnetic information from individual Fe3O4 grains as a function of temperature, which has been previously inaccessible. A small exemplar Fe3O4 grain (~150 nm) exhibits dynamic movement of its magnetic vortex structure above 400°C, recovering its original state upon cooling, whereas a larger exemplar Fe3O4 grain (~250 nm) is shown to retain its vortex state on heating to 550°C, close to the Curie temperature of 580°C. Hence, we demonstrate that Fe3O4 grains containing vortex structures are indeed reliable recorders of paleodirectional and paleointensity information, and the presence of PSD magnetic signals does not preclude the successful recovery of paleomagnetic signals.

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LAKE, B., T. E. MASON, G. AEPPLI, K. LEFMANN, N. B. CHRISTENSEN, D. F. MCMORROW, K. N. CLAUSEN, et al. "VORTEX MAGNETISM IN THE HIGH-TEMPERATURES SUPERCONDUCTOR La2-xSrxCuO4." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 20n22 (August 30, 2002): 3155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920201381x.

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There is strong evidence that magnetic interactions play a crucial role in the mechanism driving high-temperature superconductivity in cuprate superconductors. To investigate this further we have done a series of neutron scattering measurements on La 2-x Sr x CuO 4 (LSCO) in an applied magnetic field. Below Tc the field penetrates the superconductor via an array of normal state metallic inclusions or vortices. Phase coherent superconductivity characterized by zero resistance sets in at the lower field-dependent irreversibility temperature (Tirr). We have measured optimally doped LSCO (x = 0.16, Tc = 38.5 K ) and underdoped LSCO (x = 0.10, Tc = 29 K ); both have an enhanced antiferromagnetic response in a field. Measurements of the optimally doped system at H = 7.5 T show that sub-gap spin fluctuations first disappear with the loss of finite resistivity at Tirr, but then reappear at a lower temperature with increased lifetime and correlation length compared to the normal state. In the underdoped system elastic antiferromagnetism develops below Tc in zero field, and is significantly enhanced by application of a magnetic field. Phase coherent superconductivity is then established within the antiferromagnetic phase at Tirr; thus, the situation in underdoped LSCO is the reverse of that for the optimally doped LSCO where the zero-resistance state develops first before the onset of antiferromagnetism.

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Vranješ, J., B. P. Pandey, P. K. Shukla, and S. Poedts. "A dipolar vortex in a magnetized pair plasma containing nonuniform flows." Physics of Plasmas 9, no. 3 (March 2002): 806–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1446877.

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46

Chakrabarti, Nikhil, Amita Das, Predhiman Kaw, and Raghvendra Singh. "Stability of vortex flows in magnetized plasmas. I. Non‐Boltzmann vortices." Physics of Plasmas 2, no. 9 (September 1995): 3296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871164.

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47

Mirza, Arshad M., W. Masood, and Tufail A. Khan. "Vortex formation in nonlinearly coupled modes in a magnetized quantum plasma." Astrophysics and Space Science 346, no. 1 (April 26, 2013): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10509-013-1429-y.

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Chen, Jian-hong, and Wen-shan Duan. "Instability of waves in magnetized vortex-like ion distribution dusty plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 14, no. 8 (August 2007): 083702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2761860.

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49

Galeev, A. A., V. L. Galinsky, and I. Kh Khabibrakhmanov. "Solitary vortex type motions of the mass loaded magnetized plasma flow." Advances in Space Research 12, no. 8 (August 1992): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(92)90404-l.

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Wen-Shan, Duan, Chen Jian-Hong, Hong Xue-Ren, and Wan Gui-Xin. "Instability of Waves in Magnetized Vortex-Like Ion Distribution Dusty Plasmas." Communications in Theoretical Physics 47, no. 1 (January 2007): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/47/1/029.

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