Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Magnetically confined plasma'
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1
Iwamae, Atsushi. "Plasma polarization spectroscopy on magnetically confined plasmas." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144851.
Full textAbstract:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・論文博士
博士(工学)
乙第11656号
論工博第3848号
新制||工||1351(附属図書館)
23469
UT51-2005-D574
京都大学大学院工学研究科機械物理工学専攻
(主査)教授 藤本 孝, 教授 斧 髙一, 教授 木田 重雄
学位規則第4条第2項該当
2
Tronko, Natalia. "Hamiltonian Perturbation Methods for Magnetically Confined Fusion Plasmas." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22088/document.
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Les effets auto-consistantes sont omniprésents dans les plasmas de fusion. Ils sont dus au fait que les équations de Maxwell qui décrivent l’évolution des champs électromagnétiques contiennent la densité de charge et de courant des particules.D’autre côté à son tour les trajectoires des particules sont influencés par les champs à travers les équations de mouvement ( où l’équation de Vlasov). Le résultat decette interaction auto-consistente se résume dans un effet cumulatif qui peut causer le déconfinement de plasma à l’intérieur d’une machine de fusion. Ce travail de thèse traite les problèmes liés à l’amélioration de confinement de plasma de fusion dans le cadre des approches hamiltonienne et lagrangien par le contrôle de transport turbulent et la création des barrières de transport. Les fluctuations auto-consistantes de champs électromagnétiques et de densités des particules sont à l’origine de l’apparition des instabilités de plasma qui sont à son tour liés aux phénomènes de transport. Dans la perspective de comprendre les mécanismes de la turbulence sousjacente,on considère ici l’application des méthodes hamiltoniennes pour des plasmasnon-collisionnellesThis thesis deals with dynamicla investigation of magnetically confined fusion plasmas by using Lagrangian and Hamilton formalisms. It consists of three parts. The first part is devoted to the investigation of barrier formation for the EXB drift model by means of the Hamiltonian control method. The strong magnetic field approach is relevant for magnetically confined fusion plasmas ; this is why at the first approximation one can consider the dynamics of particles driven by constant and uniform magnetic field. In this case only the electrostatic turbulence is taken into account. During this study the expressions for the control term (quadratic in perturbation amplitude) additive to the electrostatic potential, has been obtained. The effeciency of such a control for stopping turbulent diffusion has been shown analytically abd numerically. The second and the third parts of this thesis are devoted to study of self consistent phenomena in magnetized plasmas through the Maxwell-Vlasov model. In particular, the second part of this thesis treats the problem of the monumentum transport by derivation of its conservation law. the Euler-Poincare variational principle (with constrained variations) as well as Noether's theorem is apllied here. this derivation is realized in two cases : first, in electromagnetic turbulence case for the full Maxwell-Vlasov system, and then in electrostatic turbulence case for the gyrokinetic Maxwell-Vlasov system. Then the intrinsic mechanisms reponsible for the intrinsic plama rotation, that can give an important in plasma stabilization, are identified. The last part of this thesis deals with dynamicla reduction for the Maxwell-Vlaslov model. More particularly; the intrisic formulation for the guiding center model is derived. Here the term 'intrinsis" means that no fixed frame was used during its construction. Due to that not any problem related to the gyrogauge dependence of dynamics appears. The study of orbits of trapped particles is considered as one of the possible for illustration of the first step of such a dynamical reduction
3
Sallander, Eva. "Magnetohydrodynamic spectroscopy of magnetically confined plasmas." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3139.
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Moran, Thomas G. "A study of atomic and molecular hydrogen emission from a magnetically confined plasma." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14475.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 1989.Title as it appears in M.I.T. Graduate List, Feb. 1989: Atomic and molecular hydrogen spectra radiated from the Tara central cell.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-174).
by Thomas G. Moran.
Ph.D.
5
Glass, Fenton John, and f. glass@fz-juelich de. "Tomographic Visible Spectroscopy of Plasma Emissivity and Ion Temperatures." The Australian National University. Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20051028.002110.
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Extending the use of Doppler spectroscopy as an important plasma diagnostic -- by developing a multi-channel system capable of tomography -- is the foundation of this thesis. A system which can simultaneously measure the emissivity, temperature and flow velocity of plasma ions has been installed, calibrated and operated on the H-1NF heliac, yielding comprehensive and interesting results. The measurements are time-resolved, made from a large range of viewing positions and, using scalar tomographic inversion methods, can be
unfolded to give two-dimensional images of ion emissivity and temperature. The flow velocity profiles, while not inverted, nevertheless lead to a greater understanding of the plasma behaviour.¶
Fifty-five lens-coupled optical fibres, mounted on a large rotatable stainless steel ring, encircle the plasma poloidally and transport light to a multi-channel Fourier-transform spectrometer. This
`coherence-imaging' spectrometer employs an electro-optically modulated birefringent crystal plate to monitor the coherence of an
isolated spectral line. Measurement of the intensity, fringe visibility and phase of the resulting interferogram leads to values
for the emissivity, ion temperature and flow velocity. Using a multi-anode photomultiplier assembly, allows the time-resolved detection of all optical channels simultaneously.¶
The system has been fully calibrated, including a measurement of the spatial response of each line-of-sight. The calibration procedure accounts for the relative channel sensitivities, the response of the line filter and the removal of detector cross-talk. In situ light sources are installed provide routine and accurate relative
intensity calibration of the system.¶
Methods of tomography provide the unfolding of the measured plasma
parameters to construct two-dimensional images of ion temperature and emissivity. Methods of inversion include the iterative ART routine -- using projection data gathered with the light-collecting optics rotated to different viewing positions -- and linear composition of Fourier-Bessel basis functions -- with the data obtained from a
single unrotated viewing position. ART reconstructions of the emissivity are performed without the need for a priori information while those of the ion temperature are computed using regularising functions to help stabilise the
inversion.¶
This new system -- named ToMOSS for Tomographic Modulated Optical
Solid-state Spectrometer -- enables a more detailed study of various plasma
phenomena observed in H-1NF. Among other results, this thesis presents the first tomographic reconstructions of emissivity and temperature fluctuations associated with a large-scale coherent instability.
6
Gruzinov, Irina. "Two approaches to self-organization in plasma : kinetic theory treatment for the dynamo problem and sandpile automaton model for pedestal formation in magnetically confined plasma /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3071036.
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Montag, Peter Katsumi. "Inertial tearing modes in magnetically-confined plasmas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107542.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-92).
In this thesis, I analyzed the behavior of the plasma instability known as the tearing mode in parameter regimes relevant to magnetically-confined fusion plasmas. This included a derivation of the relevant equations and a method of solving them using Fourier analysis. This method allowed the derivation of several analytic results and efficient calculation of numeric results about the growth rates and frequencies of the analyzed modes, and demonstrated the existence of a second type of unstable tearing mode related to electron inertia. The results of the analysis of this inertial mode proved consistent with experimental data on the tearing mode from JET, and suggests further analysis in the nonlinear regime to verify this consistency.
by Peter Katsumi Montag.
S.M.
8
Böse, Brock (Brock Darrel). "Lithium pellet injection into high pressure magnetically confined plasmas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62642.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-201).
The ablation of solid pellets injected into high temperature magnetically confined plasmas is characterized by rapid oscillations in the ablation rate, and the formation of field aligned filaments in the ablatant. High speed imaging of the ablation (> 250, 000 frames/second) during the 2003-2004 campaign revealed that these filament move away from the pellet primarily in the poloidal direction with a characteristic speeds of ~ 5km/s. Significant differences appeared in the filament drifts in RF heated H-mode plasmas compared to ohmic L-mode plasmas. Filaments in ohmic L-mode plasmas moved in both the electron and ion diamagnetic directions while filaments in H-mode move only in the electron diamagnetic direction. Furthermore, the motion of the filaments in L-mode plasmas appeared to be semi-random, with the direction changing randomly from shot to shot, but with a distinct preferred direction during each shot. The susceptibility of the filament's motion to variations in the background plasma conditions indicate that the drift is a result of interactions with the background plasma, and not a result of the internal dynamics of the ablation cloud. Furthermore, the chaotic, or semi-random, nature of the filament drift suggests that the drift could be due to ExB flows resulting from plasma turbulence. A stereoscopic imaging system was installed on Alcator C-Mod to make a detailed study of three dimensional evolution of the filaments. By examining a large number of pellet injections into ohmically heated L-mode plasmas, we were able to demonstrate that filaments do indeed move primarily along flux surfaces, and that the filament flow direction is correlated for sequential filaments. Additionally, a statistical examination of the trajectory data revealed that filaments have a wider distribution of speeds at lower values of the local safety factor, q. The measurements of the stereo-imaging system were compared with the implied turbulent ExB drifts determined by the gyrokinetic solver GYRO. Simulations conducted using profiles consistent with both pre-pellet and post-pellet conditions demonstrate that the filament drifts are more consistent with the turbulent conditions prevalent after the injection, indicating the filament drifts are most likely the result of turbulence generated by the modified plasma profiles from injection process itself.
by Brock Böse.
Ph.D.
9
Gingell, Peter W. "Hybrid simulations of flow bursts in magnetically confined plasmas." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58230/.
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Strongly localised concentrations or depressions of plasma density and magnetic field strength (\blobs") are ubiquitous in the edge region of tokamak fusion experiments. They contribute significantly to heating and transport in that region, and therefore to overall energy confinement. The existing fusion plasma literature in this area focuses primarily on blobs sufficiently large that a uid description is appropriate. However, the blob population may include some - not necessarily easily detectable - whose characteristic lengthscales are on the order of the ion gyro-scales. This implies that a description at the uid level is unlikely to capture the full dynamics. In this Thesis, therefore, we report hybrid (particle ions, uid electrons) particle-in-cell simulations of ion gyro-scale blobs, which enable us to examine the effects of finite Larmor radius on their dynamics, evolution, and their ability to heat the near-edge plasma. We find that ion gyro-scale blobs are advected with the background flow, and develop a twin-celled vortex structure. Asymmetry then arises from finite ion Larmor radius kinetics, manifesting in the size of the internal vortices, the shape of tails forming from blob ejecta, and the growth of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Small scale blobs are also found to increase ion energies more than larger blobs as a result of ion pick-up at the upstream blob-background boundary, which may result in a significant increase in plasma energy caused by a blob population that is not yet directly observable. Finally, we examine the creation of ion gyro-scale blobs using hybrid simulations of kinetic interchange and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, and present statistics of the sizes of blobs created by these instabilities, and power-laws for the resulting particle displacements.
10
Kochergov, Roman. "Wave equations for low frequency waves in hot magnetically confined plasmas." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967545463.
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Barnsley, Robin. "X-ray spectroscopic diagnostics of magnetically confined plasmas : instrumentation and techniques." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35789.
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This thesis reports several advances in x-ray crystal spectroscopic techniques for the diagnosis of high-temperature magnetically confined plasmas. Two complementary spectrometers have been developed, and have been demonstrated in a wide range of experiments on the Culham Laboratory DITE and COMPASS tokamaks, and on the Joint European JET tokamak. A Bragg rotor' spectrometer uses a combination of crystals and multilayers to give complete coverage of the spectrum between 1 A and 100 A. Developments were made to extend the coverage from 25 A to 100 A, using multilayer mirrors and organic crystals. The success of the instrument depends largely on the development of a high-rate ( 107 count/s) gas proportional counter system, capable of covering the energy range from 100 eV to 10 keV. A Johann spectrometer uses a novel four-pillar jig to bend' crystals to typically 1 m radius. A large-area cooled x-ray CCD array is used in the focus, resulting in a compact high-resolution instrument. This allows line profile and ratio measurements with a time resolution of ~1 ms. Observations using the Bragg rotor spectrometer include impurity monitoring under various plasma and limiter configurations. Temperature and density sensitive line ratios were measured under known plasma conditions and compared with theory, adding confidence to their use for less well diagnosed plasmas such as those observed in astrophysics. A major application has been the study of a switch (controlled by the refuelling rate) between long and short impurity confinement times in the DITE tokamak. Trace impurities were injected by laser ablation, and their subsequent temporal and spatial behavour studied spectroscopically. Weak lines, due to radiative recombination into excited states of H- and He-like ions, were observed in the outer plasma. The radial profiles of these "radiative recombination lines" were governed by a balance between transport and, recombination, and allowed the effective diffusion coefficient to be measured locally. It was shown that the transport changes occurred in the outer half of the plasma, and that conditions in the core were unchanged. The suitability of Bragg spectroscopy for a reactor-relevant plasma was demonstrated during the JET preliminary tritium experiment (PTE). A double- reflection instrument was used, with a tritium-compatible radiation-shielded beamline. Based on this operational experience, a soft x-ray spectroscopy system for a next-step device such as ITER is proposed.
12
Zhang, Wenda. "Contribution to the theory of drift wave turbulence in magnetically confined plasmas." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213334.
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Nelson, Michaela Jane. "The study of magnetically-confined tokamak plasmas in the x-ray spectral region." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479416.
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Thomas, John Chandler. "Velocity-ion temperature gradient driven modes and angular momentum transport in magnetically confined plasmas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40923.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42).
Plasma confinement experiments continue to uncover fascinating phenomena that motivate theoretical discussion and exploration. In this thesis, we consider the phenomenon of angular momentum transport in magnetically confined plasmas. Relevant experiments and theoretical developments are presented in order to motivate the derivation of a modified version of the three-field nonlinear Hamaguchi-Horton equations. The equations are altered to include a zeroth-order parallel velocity inhomogeneity along the radially-analogous coordinate, resulting in a nonlinear system that describes the evolution of the velocity-ion temperature gradient-driven modes (VITGs). The equations are used to analyze VITG modes in the local approximation of a magnetized plasma, as well as in an inhomogeneous slab model. Applying quasilinear methods, we find a turbulent angular momentum flux in agreement with the accretion theory of the spontaneous rotation phenomenon. More advanced applications are considered for future analysis.
by John Chandler Thomas.
S.B.
15
Punzmann, Horst. "Electron transport in magnetically confined plasmas." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146565.
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Solomon, Wayne Matthew. "Turbulence and transport studies in magnetically confined plasmas." Phd thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146221.
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Rath, Nikolaus. "GPU-based, Microsecond Latency, Hecto-Channel MIMO Feedback Control of Magnetically Confined Plasmas." Thesis, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8M90GRC.
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Feedback control has become a crucial tool in the research on magnetic confinement of plasmas for achieving controlled nuclear fusion. This thesis presents a novel plasma feedback control system that, for the first time, employs a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) for microsecond-latency, real-time control computations. This novel application area for GPU computing is opened up by a new system architecture that is optimized for low-latency computations on less than kilobyte sized data samples as they occur in typical plasma control algorithms. In contrast to traditional GPU computing approaches that target complex, high-throughput computations with massive amounts of data, the architecture presented in this thesis uses the GPU as the primary processing unit rather than as an auxiliary of the CPU, and data is transferred from A-D/D-A converters directly into GPU memory using peer-to-peer PCI Express transfers. The described design has been implemented in a new, GPU-based control system for the High-Beta Tokamak -- Extended Pulse (HBT-EP) device. The system is built from commodity hardware and uses an NVIDIA GeForce GPU and D-TACQ A-D/D-A converters providing a total of 96 input and 64 output channels. The system is able to run with sampling periods down to 4 μs and latencies down to 8 μs. The GPU provides a total processing power of 1.5 x 10^12 floating point operations per second. To illustrate the performance and versatility of both the general architecture and concrete implementation, a new control algorithm has been developed. The algorithm is designed for the control of multiple rotating magnetic perturbations in situations where the plasma equilibrium is not known exactly and features an adaptive system model: instead of requiring the rotation frequencies and growth rates embedded in the system model to be set a priori, the adaptive algorithm derives these parameters from the evolution of the perturbation amplitudes themselves. This results in non-linear control computations with high computational demands, but is handled easily by the GPU based system. Both digital processing latency and an arbitrary multi-pole response of amplifiers and control coils is fully taken into account for the generation of control signals. To separate sensor signals into perturbed and equilibrium components without knowledge of the equilibrium fields, a new separation method based on biorthogonal decomposition is introduced and used to derive a filter that performs the separation in real-time. The control algorithm has been implemented and tested on the new, GPU-based feedback control system of the HBT-EP tokamak. In this instance, the algorithm was set up to control four rotating n=1 perturbations at different poloidal angles. The perturbations were treated as coupled in frequency but independent in amplitude and phase, so that the system effectively controls a helical n=1 perturbation with unknown poloidal spectrum. Depending on the plasma's edge safety factor and rotation frequency, the control system is shown to be able to suppress the amplitude of the dominant 8 kHz mode by up to 60% or amplify the saturated amplitude by a factor of up to two. Intermediate feedback phases combine suppression and amplification with a speed up or slow down of the mode rotation frequency. Increasing feedback gain results in the excitation of an additional, slowly rotating 1.4 kHz mode without further effects on the 8 kHz mode. The feedback performance is found to exceed previous results obtained with an FPGA- and Kalman-filter based control system without requiring any tuning of system model parameters. Experimental results are compared with simulations based on a combination of the Boozer surface current model and the Fitzpatrick-Aydemir model. Within the subset of phenomena that can be represented by the model as well as determined experimentally, qualitative agreement is found.
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Glass, Fenton John. "Tomographic Visible Spectroscopy of Plasma Emissivity and Ion Temperatures." Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/47104.
Full textAbstract:
Extending the use of Doppler spectroscopy as an important plasma diagnostic -- by developing a multi-channel system capable of tomography -- is the foundation of this thesis. A system which can simultaneously measure the emissivity, temperature and flow velocity of plasma ions has been installed, calibrated and operated on the H-1NF heliac, yielding comprehensive and interesting results. The measurements are time-resolved, made from a large range of viewing positions and, using scalar tomographic inversion methods, can be unfolded to give two-dimensional images of ion emissivity and temperature. The flow velocity profiles, while not inverted, nevertheless lead to a greater understanding of the plasma behaviour.¶ ...
19
Köhn, Alf [Verfasser]. "Investigation of microwave heating scenarios in the magnetically confined low-temperature plasma of the stellarator TJ-K / vorgelegt von Alf Köhn." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1007604360/34.
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Lai, Canfeng. "Magnetically confined capacitively coupled and inductively coupled plasmas for etching applications." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32872339.html.
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Kochergov, Roman [Verfasser]. "Wave equations for low frequency waves in hot magnetically confined plasmas / Roman Kochergov." 2003. http://d-nb.info/967545463/34.
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Bowie, Craig. "Applications of sandpile algorithms to modelling edge localised mode phenomenology in magnetically confined fusion plasmas." Phd thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/216808.
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Understanding the behaviour of edge localised modes (ELMs) is of critical significance in fusion plasma research. Simple sandpile models can provide information about the behaviour of complex systems, without incorporating all of the detailed physics which may be included in a fully featured model. Here, the sandpile model developed by Chapman (S.C. Chapman, Phys. Rev. E 62, 1905 (2000)) is employed to study aspects of ELMing behaviour. Discrete waiting times between sandpile avalanches are observed to have points of similarity with discrete waiting times between ELMs in fusion plasmas. This suggests that multiple waiting times between ELMs may arise from a single cause, without the need to impute separate causes for each waiting time. Motivated by H-mode pedestals in fusion plasmas, the sandpile model is extended, using a variety of algorithms, to include a pedestal. It is observed that the behaviour of an algorithm in which the pedestal results from feedback effects most closely matches data from fusion experiments. Suppression of feedback is shown to reduce the size of the largest avalanches, and it is suggested that the same may be effective in a fusion plasma. Increases in fuelling rates are considered in a `running model', introduced here, in which fuelling continues, rather than being paused, during systemwide avalanches. The total energy in the system reaches a local maximum when the fuelling rate is ~0.3 times the critical gradient needed to trigger an avalanche (which may be internal or systemwide). Further, it is shown that the model has an analytic solution when the fuelling rate is high enough to satisfy two necessary conditions, both of which are identified here. Motivated by pellet injection systems in fusion plasmas, both the original sandpile model, and the modified versions developed here, are then employed to test whether adding `pellets' of sand to the sandpile can reduce the size of the largest avalanches. Pellets of sand added at the core in the original model are found not to be effective to reduce the size of the largest avalanches. Employing the feedback model developed here, it is observed that continuous addition of small amounts of sand, within the pedestal in the sandpile, is most effective to reduce the size of the largest avalanches. The results allow for quantitative statements about the necessary fuelling, and suggest that maximal reduction of avalanche size, coupled with minimal reduction of system energy, occurs when ~2.5% of total fuelling is added at the top of the pedestal, and the balance at the core. Small pellets, which quasi-continuously add particles to the sandpile (once their ablation times are taken into account), are shown to have a similar effect. It is suggested that quasi-continuous fuelling of ~2.5% of total fuelling, added at the top of the pedestal, may cause a similar reduction in the sizes of the largest ELMs in a fusion plasma. Importantly, in the model developed here, avalanche size reduction is achieved via continuous (or quasi-continuous) addition of fuel in the pedestal, rather than by synchronising pellets to waiting times between avalanches, and it is conjected that this may also be true for a fusion plasma.
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Schooff, Ryan. "A time-resolved CCD/pulse height analysis system for measurement of electron temperature in magnetically confined plasmas." 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/50264704.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2002.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 57).
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Seiser, Christian [Verfasser]. "Measurement of two-photon absorption laser-induced Lyman-α [Lyman-alpha] fluorescence : a diagnostic for atomic number densities of hydrogen isotopes in magnetically confined fusion plasmas / von Christian Seiser." 1998. http://d-nb.info/980032822/34.
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