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Journal articles on the topic 'Magnetic shields'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Rayne, R. J., L. E. Toth, B. A. Bender, S. H. Lawrence, M. M. Miller, R. J. Soulen, and G. Candella. "Casting and machining of devices of high temperature superconducting BSCCO." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 3 (March 1991): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.0467.

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Magnetic shields for SQUID applications were successfully fabricated using high Tc superconducting Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O (BSCCO). In order to produce shields with adequate superconducting properties and close dimensional control, it was necessary to develop several new processing techniques. Shields were produced by casting liquid BSCCO into molds, heat treating, and machining. A series of BSCCO alloys with different compositions were cast from the molten state into metal molds and subsequently heat treated to render the castings superconducting. The heat-treating cycles were studied with the aid of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and dilatometer measurements. The phases and microstructures after various heat-treating cycles were monitored by x-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Superconducting properties were measured after various stages of heat treatment and machining. Prototype magnetic shields were machined from bulk castings and found to perform successfully. The most significant factor in shield quality was the nominal composition of the shield, which was shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to affect the grain boundary chemistry.

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2

Bondarenko, Alexey, Nikolay Vinokurov, and Sergey Miginky. "Beam Extraction From a Synchrotron Through a Magnetic Shield: Magnetic Measurements and Simulation of Efficiency." Siberian Journal of Physics 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2009): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2009-4-2-40-46.

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A new beam extraction scheme from a synchrotron is put forward. The main difference from other extraction schemes is the use of magnetic shields instead of a septum. The magnetic shield is a multi-layer copper-iron tube, which are located in the central dipole magnets of a pulsed chicane. Numerical simulations and experimental results for the field perturbation by magnetic shield are presented and compared. The calculation of extraction efficiency is presented.

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3

Solobai, A. A., A. V. Trukhanov, and S. S. Grabchikov. "Ni-Fe Alloys as Perspective Materials for Highly Efficient Magnetostatic Shielding." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.375.

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Magnetostatic shields based on Ni-Fe alloys were obtained via electrochemistry method with different thickness of partial magnetic layers. The experimental researches of the magnetic properties and magnetostatic shielding effectiveness of the single-layer and malty-layer cylindrical sample of the shields based on the electrodeposited Ni80Fe20 and Ni50Fe50 alloy are carried out. It has been shown that shields of gradient type (200 μm Ni50Fe50+200 μm Ni80Fe20 and 100 μm Ni50Fe50+300 μm Ni80Fe20) containing layers with different values of saturation induction (Bs) have a higher shielding efficiency than shield of a symmetric type (400 μm Ni50Fe50 and 400 μm Ni80Fe20). Maximum efficiency of magnetostatic shielding has been noted for 200 μm Ni50Fe50+ 200 μm Ni80Fe20 sample. It opens wide prospects for practical application for protection of the microelectronics devices against permanent magnetic fields.

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4

Sergeant, Peter, Ivan Cimrák, Valdemar Melicher, Luc Dupré, and Roger Van Keer. "Adjoint Variable Method for the Study of Combined Active and Passive Magnetic Shielding." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2008 (2008): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/369125.

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For shielding applications that cannot sufficiently be shielded by only a passive shield, it is useful to combine a passive and an active shield. Indeed, the latter does the “finetuning” of the field reduction that is mainly caused by the passive shield. The design requires the optimization of the geometry of the passive shield, the position of all coils of the active shield, and the real and imaginary components of the currents (when working in the frequency domain). As there are many variables, the computational effort for the optimization becomes huge. An optimization using genetic algorithms is compared with a classical gradient optimization and with a design sensitivity approach that uses an adjoint system. Several types of active and/or passive shields with constraints are designed. For each type, the optimization was carried out by all three techniques in order to compare them concerning CPU time and accuracy.

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5

Duc, H. B., T. P. Minh, D. B. Minh, N. P. Hoai, and V. D. Quoc. "An Investigation of Magnetic Field Influence in Underground High Voltage Cable Shields." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 4 (August 7, 2022): 8831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5021.

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Magnetic fields and the shielding efficiency of the shields of underground high voltage cables are studied in this paper regarding several shielding configurations and materials. Shielding efficiency and magnetic fields are computed for shields with the same mesh but from different shielding materials, such as aluminum, ferrite, metal, and steel. In order to get the best shield configuration depending on the source characteristics and the material, a conducting ferromagnetic region with various thickness values is considered as shielding. A finite element model is introduced to investigate the influence of the parameters of magnetic fields and the shielding efficiency of underground high voltage cables. Furthermore, the reduction of the magnetic fields with or without shieldings is also presented. The developed method is performed with the magnetic vector potential formulations and validated on a practical problem.

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6

Wu, G. H., Xiao Li Huang, Mao Qiang Duan, Qiang Zhang, and X. Chen. "Studies on Magnetic Shielding Effectiveness by Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1233.

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Maxwell 2D software is introduced in this paper to calculate the magnetic shielding effectiveness (MSE) properties of iron plate. The three-dimensional magnetic shield is thought isotropic and simplified as two-dimensional model to study its MSE properties by the finite element method. In this method, a uniform magnetic field is generated by two huge magnets and the MSE properties of iron plate, which is in the centre of the uniform magnetic field, is then calculated by the ratio of magnetic field intensity after and before magnetic shielding. All the results indicate that shape of shield materials affects the MSE properties much and the MSE properties of shield with square and circular shape with 3mm in depth are 39.3 and 53.5 dB, respectively. That means the shield shape with fewer bending is favorable to the conductivity of magnetic energy. It also shows that the MSE value decreased linearly with the distance between the magnetic shield and the centre of the magnetic field. That is, the increase of side length of magnetic shield will lead to the decrease of MSE properties of iron plate, which is agreement with the theoretical prediction of Lu H.M. model. Furthermore, the MSE properties of double layers shielding (iron plate with 2mm in depth and 3mm iron plate with 81% porosity) are also studied in this paper. The effect of places of iron plate with 2mm in depth is presented to play important role in double layers shielding and the MSE value increases with the distance between the two magnetic shields. Compared to that of shield with circular shape, the MSE properties are similar to each other when the distance of the two shields is 8mm. In addition, it also indicates that the MSE value is higher when the iron plate with 2mm in depth is inside of the other than that when it is outside.

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7

Zhao, Yiyang, Zhiyin Sun, Donghua Pan, Shengxin Lin, Yinxi Jin, and Liyi Li. "A New Approach to Calculate the Shielding Factor of Magnetic Shields Comprising Nonlinear Ferromagnetic Materials under Arbitrary Disturbances." Energies 12, no. 11 (May 29, 2019): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112048.

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To enable the realization of ultra-low magnetic fields for scientific and technological research, magnetic shielding is required to create a space with low residual magnetic field and high shielding factors. The shielding factors of magnetic shields are due to nonlinear material properties, the geometry and structure of the shields, and the external magnetic fields. Magnetic shielding is used in environments full of random realistic disturbances, resulting in an arbitrary and random external magnetic field, and in this case, the shielding effect is hard to define simply by the shielding factors. A new method to simulate and predict a dynamic internal space magnetic field wave is proposed based on the Finite Element method (FEM) combined with the Jiles-Atherton (JA) model. By simulating the hysteresis behavior of the magnetic shields and establishing a dynamic model, the new method can simulate dynamic magnetic field changes inside magnetic shields as long as the external disturbances are known. The shielding factors under an AC external field with a sine wave and certain frequencies are calculated to validate the feasibility of the new method. A real-time wave of internal magnetic flux density under an AC triangular wave external field is simulated directly with the new method versus a method that splits the triangular wave into several sine waves by a Fourier transform, divides the shielding factors, and then adds the quotients together. Moreover, real-time internal waves under some arbitrary fields are measured. Experimental internal magnetic flux density waves of a 4-layer magnetically shielded room (MSR) at the Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) fit the simulated results well, taking experimental errors into account.

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8

Witczak, Pawel Zygmunt, and Michal Swiatkowski. "Magnetic forces applied to the tank walls of a large power transformer." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 35, no. 6 (November 7, 2016): 2087–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-03-2016-0094.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to calculate forces created by the magnetic leakage field, which are directly applied to tank walls via magnetic shield. Design/methodology/approach Electromagnetic and mechanical calculations use 3D finite element technology, both applied to materials having constant orthotropic properties. The magnetic solver uses harmonic excitation; the analysis of mechanical deflection is carried out in static conditions. Two types of forces are considered: magnetostatic surface forces and magnetostriction volumetric ones. In measurements, the laser scanning vibrometer was applied. Findings Electromagnetic calculations must use an FE mesh much denser than that for typical power loss analysis. The magnetic orthotropy of the shield material does not create any important effects and it may be omitted. Magnetostriction forces are similar in value to magnetostatic ones, but their influence on the shield deformation is negligible. Research limitations/implications The results obtained for the analysis of the displacement of elements of the tank wall are exemplary – they show the difference between magnetostatic and magnetostriction excitation only. The analysis of the vibration of the transformer tank must include the presence of the oil inside the tank. Originality/value The asymmetrical placement of magnetic shields against the transformer core creates the visible differences in the magnitudes of magnetostatic forces applied to particular shields. Therefore, the design of magnetic shielding should also include the vibrational point of view.

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9

Packer, M., P. J. Hobson, A. Davis, N. Holmes, J. Leggett, P. Glover, N. L. Hardwicke, M. J. Brookes, R. Bowtell, and T. M. Fromhold. "Magnetic field design in a cylindrical high-permeability shield: The combination of simple building blocks and a genetic algorithm." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 9 (March 7, 2022): 093902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0071986.

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Magnetically sensitive experiments and newly developed quantum technologies with integrated high-permeability magnetic shields require increasing control of their magnetic field environment and reductions in size, weight, power, and cost. However, magnetic fields generated by active components are distorted by high-permeability magnetic shielding, particularly when they are close to the shield’s surface. Here, we present an efficient design methodology for creating desired static magnetic field profiles by using discrete coils electromagnetically coupled to a cylindrical passive magnetic shield. We utilize a modified Green’s function solution that accounts for the interior boundary conditions on a closed finite-length high-permeability cylindrical magnetic shield and determine simplified expressions when a cylindrical coil approaches the interior surface of the shield. We use an analytic formulation of simple discrete building blocks to provide a complete discrete coil basis to generate any physically attainable magnetic field inside the shield. We then use a genetic algorithm to find optimized discrete coil structures composed of this basis. We use our methodology to generate an improved linear axial gradient field, [Formula: see text], and a transverse bias field, [Formula: see text]. These optimized structures generate the desired fields with less than [Formula: see text] error in volumes seven and three times greater in spatial extent than equivalent unoptimized standard configurations. This coil design method can be used to optimize active–passive magnetic field shaping systems that are compact and simple to manufacture, enabling accurate control of magnetic field changes in spatially confined experiments at low cost.

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10

Sasada, Ichiro. "Characteristics of Cylindrical Magnetic Shields." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 121, no. 12 (2001): 1062–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.121.12_1062.

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11

Hurben, M. J., O. G. Symko, W. J. Yeh, S. Kulkarni, and M. Novak. "Characteristics of YBaCuO magnetic shields." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 27, no. 2 (March 1991): 1874–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.133562.

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12

Pekar, Josef, Moshe Netzer, and Yekutiel Pekar. "Simulations of ELF magnetic shields." Environmentalist 27, no. 4 (September 5, 2007): 593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10669-007-9057-0.

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13

Baum, E., and J. Bork. "Systematic design of magnetic shields." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 101, no. 1-3 (October 1991): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(91)90682-z.

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14

Pluk, K. J. W., J. W. Jansen, and E. A. Lomonova. "Magnetic Shielding for Coreless Linear Permanent Magnet Motors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.45.

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This paper concerns the local reduction of the magnetic flux density by means of magnetic shielding. Using a spatial frequency description, a 2-D semi-analytical periodic model is obtained for a coreless single-sided linear permanent magnet motor. The magnetic shield is included in the modeling using mode-matching. The obtained magnetic flux density is compared to a finite element model and is verified with measurements. The results show a reasonable agreement between the semi-analytical model and the measurements. Some large deviations occur due to the modeling assumption that the shield has a linear permeability, while the used shields are saturated. However, the semi-analytical modeling method is accurate enough for design purposes and initial calculations, especially when being aware of the possible saturation of the shield.

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15

Kim, Hoyoung, and Vijay Harid. "Numerical Modeling of Nondestructive Testing of Various Conductive Objects inside Metal Enclosures Using ELF/VLF Magnetic Fields." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 3665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083665.

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Nondestructive evaluation of various conductive objects through metal enclosures is investigated by using ELF/VLF magnetic induction fields in detailed simulations. ELF/VLF magnetic fields (<30 kHz) have a unique ability to penetrate highly conductive or permeable shields. Using a magnetic dipole source antenna, objects hidden inside a metal enclosure are imaged via examining distortions to the field outside the enclosure. The field distortion is parametrically studied by varying the size, conductivity, and permeability of the hidden objects. Furthermore, the importance of the conductivity of the enclosure itself is investigated using both low (106 S/m) and high (108 S/m) conductivity metallic shields. It is shown that the responses are quite sensitive to the object and shield parameters; both qualitative and quantitative properties of the field distortions are described in detail. The simulation results suggest that properties of hidden conductive or permeable objects, over a relatively wide range of parameters (both geometry and material), can be inferred nondestructively using ELF/VLF magnetic induction fields.

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16

Stroehlein, Christopher, Hermann Landes, Andreas Krug, and Peter Dietz. "Magnetic coupling of mechanical modes in MRI systems." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 38, no. 5 (September 2, 2019): 1575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2018-0527.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate magneto-mechanical coupling occurring in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. The authors study influence of the strength of the background field on the coupling of mechanically isolated, conductive cylindrical structures and the so-called shields. This coupling has a strong impact on frequency-dependent thermal losses occurring in the shield structures which are of high importance in MRI systems. Design/methodology/approach In the investigations, numerical methods are applied. First, finite element methods taking into account the full magneto-mechanical coupling are used to investigate the coupled physical phenomena. As these calculations may be time-consuming, several approximate predictive methods are derived. Modal expansion factors and participation factors are based on combinations of structural eigenmode calculations and eddy current calculations using Biot–Savart representations of the dynamic gradient field. In addition, a parallelism factor expressed in terms of the shield vibrations is defined to measure the coupling between the distinct cylinders. Findings It is found that the strength of the background field strongly influences the coupling of the distinct shields, which strongly increases the parallelism of the shield vibrations. Furthermore, modal expansion and participation factors are significantly influenced, caused by frequency shifts due to magnetic stiffening and increased magnetic coupling. Research limitations/implications The current work is limited to the modal expansions of a single shield. This needs to be extended in the future as comparison of modal expansion factors and finite element simulation indicate. Originality/value The defined factors estimating parallelism and modal participation in magneto-mechanical coupling are original work and studied for the first time.

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17

Liu, Ye, Hang Gao, Longyan Ma, Jiale Quan, Wenfeng Fan, Xueping Xu, Yang Fu, Lihong Duan, and Wei Quan. "Study on the Magnetic Noise Characteristics of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Inner Magnetic Shield Layers of SERF Co-Magnetometer." Materials 15, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 8267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15228267.

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With the widespread use of magneto-sensitive elements, magnetic shields are an important part of electronic equipment, ultra-sensitive atomic sensors, and in basic physics experiments. Particularly in Spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) co-magnetometers, the magnetic shield is an important component for maintaining the SERF state. However, the inherent noise of magnetic shield materials is an important factor limiting the measurement sensitivity and accuracy of SERF co-magnetometers. In this paper, both amorphous and nanocrystalline materials were designed and applied as the innermost magnetic shield of an SERF co-magnetometer. Magnetic noise characteristics of different amorphous and nanocrystalline materials used as the internal magnetic shielding layer of the magnetic shielding system were analyzed. In addition, the effects on magnetic noise due to adding aluminum to amorphous and nanocrystalline materials were studied. The experimental results show that compared with an amorphous material, a nanocrystalline material as the inner magnetic shield layer can effectively reduce the magnetic noise and improve the sensitivity and precision of the rotation measurement. Nanocrystalline material is very promising for inner shield composition in SERF co-magnetometers. Furthermore, its ultra-thin structure and low cost have significant application value in the miniaturization of SERF co-magnetometers.

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18

Li, Yue Ning, Yong Gang Li, and Zhi Guang Cheng. "Simulation Analysis and Benchmarking Validation of Magnetic, Electromagnetic and Hybrid Shields in Large Power Transformers." Advanced Materials Research 873 (December 2013): 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.873.871.

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according to different theories the magnetic shunt, the electromagnetic shield and a combination of both in power transformer have protective shielding functions to mental components and decrease stray-field loss ( including eddy current loss and hysteresis loss), avoiding damage to insulation devices caused by partial overheating for overconcentration of the loss. This paper will build a 2D modeling and simulation which proves the improved platform measuring the the shield loss and flux density of the transformer product model can provide a more reasonable flux complementary condition. Three kinds of shield in the model will be calculated by 3-D model simulation to research and compare the loss and flux density of the magnetic shunt, the electromagnetic barrier and the hybrid shield, which is of significant analyzable and referable value for optimizing the design of magnetic shields in large power transformers.

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19

Riba Ruiz, J. R., and X. Alabern Morera. "Magnetic Shields for Underground Power Lines." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1, no. 02 (April 2004): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj02.230.

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20

Havenhill, A. D., K. W. Wong, and C. X. Fan. "Magnetic flux diffusion through HTS shields." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 8, no. 2 (June 1998): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.678443.

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21

Claycomb, J. R., and J. H. Miller. "Superconducting magnetic shields for SQUID applications." Review of Scientific Instruments 70, no. 12 (December 1999): 4562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150113.

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22

Fang, M., J. Clem, and D. Finnemore. "Magnetic flux expulsion from superconducting shields." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 23, no. 2 (March 1987): 1196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1987.1065067.

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23

Celozzi, S., and M. D'Amore. "Magnetic field attenuation of nonlinear shields." IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 38, no. 3 (1996): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/15.536061.

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24

Shcherba, A. A., O. D. Podoltsev, and I. M. Kucheriava. "THE REDUCTION OF MAGNETIC FIELD OF UNDERGROUND CABLE LINE IN ESSENTIAL AREAS BY MEANS OF FINITE-LENGTH COMPOSITE MAGNETIC SHIELDS." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2022, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2022.01.017.

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In the article, the numerical calculation and analysis of three-dimensional magnetic field of underground power cable line with finite-length magnetic shields used to reduce the level of this field on the ground are carried out. Both fill-up soil and filling soil containing magnetic particles and then having effective magnetic properties (=1÷1000) are proposed to used as magnetic shields. The shielding efficiency is studied for underground 330 kV cable line depending on the dimensions and effective magnetic permeability () of the shields. As shown, the use of filling soil with magnetic properties gives a possibility to reduce the field on the ground five times. This type of shielding is more efficient as compared to magnetic fill-up soil. The computed results reveal the non-monotonic variation of magnetic field on the ground above the soil edge zones. The longitudinal size of these zones is in the order of the depth of the cables. References 16, figures 9.

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25

Solobai, A. A., A. V. Trukhanov, and S. S. Grabchikov. "Ni-Fe Alloys as Perspective Materials for Highly Efficient Magnetostatic Shielding." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.205.

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Magnetostatic shields, based on Ni-Fe alloys, were obtained via electrochemistry method with different thickness of partial magnetic layers. The experimental researches of the magnetic properties and magnetostatic shielding effectiveness of the single-layer and malty-layer cylindrical sample of the shields, based on the electrodeposited Ni80Fe20and Ni50Fe50alloy, are carried out. It has been shown that the shields of gradient type (200 μm Ni50Fe50+200 μm Ni80Fe20and 100 μm Ni50Fe50+300 μm Ni80Fe20), containing layers with different values of saturation induction (Bs), have a higher shielding efficiency than shields of symmetric type (400 μm Ni50Fe50and 400 μm Ni80Fe20). Maximum efficiency of magnetostatic shielding has been noted for 200 μm Ni50Fe50+ 200 μm Ni80Fe20sample. It opens wide prospects for practical application for protection of the microelectronics devices against permanent magnetic fields.

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26

Lyakhno, V. Yu, O. G. Turutanov, A. P. Boichenko, A. P. Shapovalov, A. A. Kalenyuk, and V. I. Shnyrkov. "Hybrid shield for microwave single-photon counter based on a flux qubit." Low Temperature Physics 48, no. 3 (March 2022): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0009541.

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A scenario of shielding and stabilization of magnetic and electromagnetic fields in the measuring volume occupied by a superconducting flux qubit is considered. The qubit is used as an artificial macroscopic atom with discrete energy levels in a counter of single photons of the microwave range. It is shown that a decrease in the amplitude of variations of the external magnetic field inside the 3-layer hybrid cylindrical shield, composed of superconducting and ferromagnetic cylinders with the diameter-to-length ratio of 1:5, provides high stability of the magnetic field. The absolute value of the magnetic field at the sample location is determined mainly by the magnetic flux captured by the superconductor shields during their superconducting transition. Although the magnetic field stability is more important than the field itself for the photon counter, the paper also discusses experimental methods for reducing the absolute field value in the hybrid shield.

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27

Wit, H. J. de. "Magnetic Fields inside Internal Magnetic Shields for TV Tubes." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 18, no. 2 (1994): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.18.595.

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28

Rauner, David, Dominikus Zielke, Stefan Briefi, and Ursel Fantz. "Impact of Internal Faraday Shields on RF Driven Hydrogen Discharges." Plasma 5, no. 3 (June 21, 2022): 280–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma5030022.

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At RF plasma reactors operated at high power, internal Faraday shields are required to shield dielectric vessel or windows from erosion due to isotropic heat and particle fluxes. By utilizing a flexible and diagnostically well-equipped laboratory setup, crucial effects that accompany the application of internal Faraday shields at low-pressure hydrogen (and deuterium) RF discharges are identified and quantified in this contribution. Both an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) utilizing a helical coil and a low-field helicon discharge applying a Nagoya-type III antenna at magnetic fields of up to 12 mT are investigated. Discharges are driven at 4 MHz and in the pressure range between 0.3 and 10 Pa while the impact of the Faraday shields on both the RF power transfer efficiency and spectroscopically determined bulk plasma parameters (electron density and temperature, atomic density) is investigated. Three main effects are identified and discussed: (i) due to the Faraday shield, the measured RF power transfer efficiency is globally reduced. This is mainly caused by increased power losses due to induced eddy currents within the electrostatic shield, as accompanying numerical simulations by a self-consistent fluid model demonstrate. (ii) The Faraday shield reduces the atomic hydrogen density in the plasma by one order of magnitude, as the recombination rate of atoms on the metallic (copper) surfaces of the shield is considerably higher compared to the dielectric quartz walls. (iii) The Faraday shield suppresses the transition of the low-field helicon setup to a wave heated regime at the present conditions. This is attributed to a change of boundary conditions for wave propagation, as the plasma is in direct contact with the conductive surfaces of the Faraday shield rather than being operated in a laterally fully dielectric vessel.

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29

Fang, Xiujie, Danyue Ma, Bowen Sun, Xueping Xu, Wei Quan, Zhisong Xiao, and Yueyang Zhai. "A High-Performance Magnetic Shield with MnZn Ferrite and Mu-Metal Film Combination for Atomic Sensors." Materials 15, no. 19 (September 26, 2022): 6680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196680.

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This study proposes a high-performance magnetic shielding structure composed of MnZn ferrite and mu-metal film. The use of the mu-metal film with a high magnetic permeability restrains the decrease in the magnetic shielding coefficient caused by the magnetic leakage between the gap of magnetic annuli. The 0.1–0.5 mm thickness of mu-metal film prevents the increase of magnetic noise of composite structure. The finite element simulation results show that the magnetic shielding coefficient and magnetic noise are almost unchanged with the increase in the gap width. Compared with conventional ferrite magnetic shields with multiple annuli structures under the gap width of 0.5 mm, the radial shielding coefficient increases by 13.2%, and the magnetic noise decreases by 21%. The axial shielding coefficient increases by 22.3 times. Experiments verify the simulation results of the shielding coefficient of the combined magnetic shield. The shielding coefficient of the combined magnetic shield is 16.5%. It is 91.3% higher than the conventional ferrite magnetic shield. The main difference is observed between the actual and simulated relative permeability of mu-metal films. The combined magnetic shielding proposed in this study is of great significance to further promote the performance of atomic sensors sensitive to magnetic field.

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30

Fornalski, Krzysztof Wojciech. "Theoretical considerations on charged graphene as active gamma radiation shields." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 81, no. 3 (March 2018): 30401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2018170387.

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The theoretical investigations on the concept of new active radiation shields based on graphene are discussed. The cross section of the gamma and X radiation interaction with a charged graphene layer is presented and used to calculate the linear attenuation coefficient of the proposed shield. Finally, the technical concept and potential applications of the graphene shield, as well as some potential difficulties, are discussed.

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31

Polyakov, Yuri A., Vasili K. Semenov, and Sergey K. Tolpygo. "3D Active Demagnetization of Cold Magnetic Shields." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 21, no. 3 (June 2011): 724–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2010.2091384.

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32

Brown, B. C. "Accelerator magnet designs using superconducting magnetic shields." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 27, no. 2 (March 1991): 1985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.133594.

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33

Morić, Igor, Charles-Marie De Graeve, Olivier Grosjean, and Philippe Laurent. "Hysteresis prediction inside magnetic shields and application." Review of Scientific Instruments 85, no. 7 (July 2014): 075117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4890561.

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34

Hechtfischer, D. "Homogenisation of magnetic fields by diamagnetic shields." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 20, no. 2 (February 1987): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/20/2/005.

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35

Karthikeyan, J., A. S. Paithankar, K. P. Sreekumar, N. Venkatramani, and V. K. Rohatgi. "Plasma sprayed high Tc superconducting magnetic shields." Cryogenics 29, no. 9 (September 1989): 915–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(89)90205-1.

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36

Jiao, Anyuan, and Weijun Liu. "Study of Manufacturing Process of Holes in Aeroengine Heat Shield." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (August 14, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5194268.

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The nickel-based superalloy GH3128 with high plasticity, high long-lasting creep strength, good resistance to oxidation and stamping, and good welding performance is widely used in aircraft engine heat shields. The many holes that need to be machined on the heat shield are not only small in diameter but also dense, and GH3128 as a typical hard-to-process material has the problems of large cutting force, high cutting temperature, and serious hardening. Therefore, poor dimensional accuracy and residual burrs have become the main factors that limit the processing efficiency and processing quality. So, a novel combination of manufacturing processes was proposed. Firstly, laser cutting technology was used to process the base hole in a GH3128 plate, followed by reaming, and finally, using a magnetic abrasive finishing effector to remove burrs formed during the first two steps. The whole drilling process of the heat shields fully meets the requirements of the technical parameters. This study provides new reference for manufacturing the holes of a heat shield and other similar porous parts.

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37

Sitar, Robert, and Žarko Janić. "IMPACT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDS ON LOCAL OVERHEATING IN TRANSFORMER TANK." Journal of Energy - Energija 61, no. 1-4 (July 19, 2022): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2012611-4241.

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The paper describes different influences of magnetic and electromagnetic shielding on stray flux distribution in power transformers. The application of electromagnetic shields on the reduction of high temperature spots in transformer tank is studied in detail by using a 3D model for a coupled electromagnetic-thermal calculation. The analysis of transformer models with various shapes and dimensions of electromagnetic shields show which factors are the most important for reduction of temperature hot spots in the tank. Proposed shielding solution should reduce the total stray loss and maximum temperature value. It is shown that the reduction of these values is not always achieved by shielding most of the area endangered by the stray flux from the high current leads. The choice of the shield must take into account the surrounding component material properties and transformer lead arrangement.

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38

Bondarenko, Alexey, Nikolay Vinokurov, and Sergey Miginky. "A Beam Extraction Scheme From a Booster Synchrotron of Novosibirsk Sr Source." Siberian Journal of Physics 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2009-4-1-43-46.

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A beam extraction scheme from a cyclic accelerator is put forward. Its main difference from other schemes of extraction is the use of magnetic shields instead of a septum-magnet. Magnetic shields are located in the central dipole magnets of a pulsed chicane. The proposed scheme will be used for vertical extraction from a booster synchrotron to a storage ring in a new synchrotron radiation source in Novosibirsk.

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39

Fracasso, Michela, Fedor Gömöry, Mykola Solovyov, Roberto Gerbaldo, Gianluca Ghigo, Francesco Laviano, Andrea Napolitano, Daniele Torsello, and Laura Gozzelino. "Modelling and Performance Analysis of MgB2 and Hybrid Magnetic Shields." Materials 15, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020667.

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Superconductors are strategic materials for the fabrication of magnetic shields, and within this class, MgB2 has been proven to be a very promising option. However, a successful approach to produce devices with high shielding ability also requires the availability of suitable simulation tools guiding the optimization process. In this paper, we report on a 3D numerical model based on a vector potential (A)-formulation, exploited to investigate the properties of superconducting (SC) shielding structures with cylindrical symmetry and an aspect ratio of height to diameter approaching one. To this aim, we first explored the viability of this model by solving a benchmark problem and comparing the computation outputs with those obtained with the most used approach based on the H-formulation. This comparison evidenced the full agreement of the computation outcomes as well as the much better performance of the model based on the A-formulation in terms of computation time. Relying on this result, the latter model was exploited to predict the shielding properties of open and single capped MgB2 tubes with and without the superimposition of a ferromagnetic (FM) shield. This investigation highlighted that the addition of the FM shell is very efficient in increasing the shielding factors of the SC screen when the applied magnetic field is tilted with respect to the shield axis. This effect is already significant at low tilt angles and allows compensating the strong decrease in the shielding ability that affects the short tubular SC screens when the external field is applied out of their axis.

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Sergeant, P., D. Hectors, L. Dupré, and K. Van Reusel. "Thermal analysis of magnetic shields for induction heating." IET Electric Power Applications 3, no. 6 (2009): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2008.0250.

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41

Carpenter, K. H. "Magnetostatic simulations for design of superconducting magnetic shields." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 6, no. 3 (1996): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.544781.

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42

Bavastro, Davide, Aldo Canova, Luca Giaccone, and Michele Manca. "Numerical and experimental development of multilayer magnetic shields." Electric Power Systems Research 116 (November 2014): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2014.07.004.

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43

Sasaki, T., and I. Itoh. "Multilayer NbTi superconducting magnetic shields via interfacial pinning." Cryogenics 35, no. 5 (May 1995): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(95)95353-g.

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44

Zhu, Jing, Lei Wang, Siyuan Hao, Xinzhe Shi, Shuai Wang, and Lianqing Zhu. "Effect of different aspect ratios of rectangular hole on magnetic shielding property for cylindrical shield." AIP Advances 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 015121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0133873.

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In this paper, the influence of rectangular holes with different aspect ratios in a cylinder on shielding properties is investigated using the finite element method. The two indicators used to assess the shielding properties of the cylinder are its internal residual magnetic field and its outer-surface magnetic field map. The internal residual magnetic field ( B) of a cylinder as a function of the aspect ratio of a rectangular hole and its area is simulated, and the conclusions are as follows: with increasing length of the hole, the value of B increases first and then decreases. A cylindrical shield with square holes (the hole aspect ratio is equal to 1) delivers the worst shielding performance. A cylinder with a smaller hole area has better shielding properties, resulting from a less flux leakage from the environmental magnetic field. The anisotropy of the shielding properties is evaluated, and the magnetic shielding in the radial direction is better than that in the axial direction. This research provides a theoretical guide for the application and optimization of magnetic shields.

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Herlemann, H., and M. Koch. "Measurement of the transient shielding effectiveness of enclosures using UWB pulses inside an open TEM waveguide." Advances in Radio Science 5 (June 12, 2007): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-5-75-2007.

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Abstract. Recently, new definitions of shielding effectiveness (SE) for high-frequency and transient electromagnetic fields were introduced by Klinkenbusch (2005). Numerical results were shown for closed as well as for non closed cylindrical shields. In the present work, a measurement procedure is introduced using ultra wideband (UWB) electromagnetic field pulses. The procedure provides a quick way to determine the transient shielding effectiveness of an enclosure without performing time consuming frequency domain measurements. For demonstration, a cylindrical enclosure made of conductive textile is examined. The field pulses are generated inside an open TEM-waveguide. From the measurement of the transient electric and magnetic fields with and without the shield in place, the electric and magnetic shielding effectiveness of the shielding material as well as the transient shielding effectiveness of the enclosure are derived.

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46

Beznyakov, A. M., I. S. Guriev, and I. P. Ryzhova. "Reducing the influence of interference of spacecraft magnetic field on magnetic measurements." VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 2 (July 2, 2019): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2019-18-1-33-40.

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The article presents constructive ways of reducing the influence of magnetic interference from spacecraft, due to its own magnetic fields, on the on-board magnetic measurements, as well as reducing the resulting magnetic moments. Well-known methods of removing magnetometer sensors from the locations of the most powerful sources of magnetic fields of a spacecraft, in particular, using extendable booms, are considered. In addition, methods for reducing the influence of spacecraft self- magnetic fields on the onboard magnetometric navigation support systems using known closed and proposed hemispherical ferromagnetic shields are considered

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Mišić, Milan, Zorica Bogićević, and Slobodan Bjelić. "Electrodynamic Forces between Electrical Conductors and Cylindrical Magnetic Shields." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 11, no. 4 (January 10, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2015/20541.

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48

Moldovanu, A., H. Chiriac, C. Ioan, E. Moldovanu, M. Lozovan, and V. Apetrei. "Functional study of a system of magnetic multilayer shields." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 9, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jaem-1998-124.

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49

Johnson, D. F., D. B. Opie, H. E. Schone, M. T. Lanagan, and J. C. Stevens. "High-temperature superconducting magnetic shields formed by deep drawing." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 6, no. 1 (March 1996): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.488281.

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50

Satterthwaite, James C., and Edward T. Gawlinski. "Concerning superconducting inertial guidance gyroscopes inside superconducting magnetic shields." Journal of Applied Physics 82, no. 11 (December 1997): 5829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366451.

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