Journal articles: 'Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)'

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Teraoka, Kunihiko. "Cardiac magnetic resonace: stress perfusion magnetic resonance imaging and coronary magnetic resonance angiography." Journal of the Japanese Coronary Association 20, no. 2 (2014): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7793/jcoron.20.015.

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YOUNG, A. E. R., and J. S. M. ZORAB. "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 14, no. 3 (May 1997): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-199705000-00027.

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Young, A. E. R., and J. S. M. Zorab. "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 14, no. 03 (May 1997): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026502159725057x.

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Suwanwla, N. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)." Chulalongkorn Medical Journal 31, no. 1 (January 1987): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.58837/chula.cmj.31.1.1.

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Gentile, Julie P. "Reactive Lymphadenopathy: Triggering False Positives on Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Journal of Quality in Health Care & Economics 5, no. 3 (2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jqhe-16000270.

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There are numerous etiologies of reactive lymphadenopathy on radiological imaging. Lymph node evaluation is critical for screening high risk patients for new pathology, and for the planning of systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Although ultrasonography (US) is useful for screening and staging illness, it is not completely reliable. In addition to being subjective, there is also poor accessibility of deeply located lymph nodes. Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) offers the advantages of provision of a larger field of view, increased capability of comparison of right and left axillary areas, and increased sensitivity and specificity. It is reported that pandemic H1N1v and seasonal influenza vaccinations cause alteration in fluorodeoxyglucose avidity in positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scans. There were no identified scientific publications documenting the possibility of false positives on MRI due to the Shingrix vaccine, nor any universal recommendations for patients to avoid vaccinations for a specified period of time prior to imaging. The following is a case report of false positive reactive lymphadenopathy found in a healthy patient during breast MRI screening due to high risk status.

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Saleem, Sahar N. "Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)." Journal of Child Neurology 28, no. 7 (May 3, 2013): 890–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073813486296.

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Rauscher, Nina. "Understanding Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)." Orthopaedic Nursing 9, no. 4 (July 1990): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006416-199007000-00010.

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Ashraf, Yasma, Irum Iqbal, and Shafaat Khatoon. "MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 04 (April 6, 2017): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.04.1512.

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Perianal fistula is defined as an abnormal communication channel between analcanal and perianal skin. Among all the imaging tools Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) isof choice in the diagnosis and management of perianal fistulas. Objectives: “To determinethe diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging in detection of perianal fistulas and comparing it withper operative findings”. Peroperative findings are taken as gold standard. Place and Durationof Study: This study was carried out in Diagnostic Radiology, Pakistan Institute of MedicalSciences (P.I.M.S) Islamabad, over a period of nine months from 01-02-2012 to 31-10-2012. Forthis collaboration was made with the Department of General Surgery P.I.M.S and Departmentof gynecology (MCH center) PIMS and gastroenterology Department. Patients and Methods:A total of 95 patients were included in study having perianal fistulas on clinical examination.MRI was performed in the patients and T1-weighted fast spin echo (T1W FSE) images weretaken before and after gadolinium injection. Fat suppressed T2-weighted fast spin echo (T2WFSE) images were obtained in all three planes including transverse, sagittal and coronal. Allthe scans were viewed by a single consultant radiologist to avoid observer bias. Results: Outof 95, 81 patients (85.3%) were male and 14 (14.7%) were female. Sensitivity, specificity andaccuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was 96.2%, 75.0% and 92.6%, respectively.Positive predictive value was 95.0% and negative predictive value was 80.0%. Conclusion: ourstudy proves that among imaging modalities MRI is of choice for preoperative assessment ofperianal fistulas. It provides highly accurate, noninvasive and relatively very less time consumingmeans of performing pre-operative evaluation, specially the complex, branching fistulas. Thisdiagnostic accuracy not only helps in surgical cure but avoids recurrence and post-operativecomplications like fecal incontinence

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Ishikawa, Yuichi. "Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery 32, no. 4 (2016): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.9794/jspccs.32.291.

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Arenas, Maria Alejandra Ardila, Dirk Gutkelch, Olaf Kosch, Rüdiger Brühl, Frank Wiekhorst, and Norbert Löwa. "Development of Phantoms for Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Particle Imaging." Polymers 14, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 3925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14193925.

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Phantoms are crucial for the development of imaging techniques based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). They serve as test objects to simulate application scenarios but are also used for quality assurance and interlaboratory comparisons. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is excellent for specifically detecting magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) without any background signals. To obtain information about the surrounding soft tissue, MPI is often used in combination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For such application scenarios, this poses a challenge for phantom fabrication, as they need to accommodate MNP as well as provide MR visibility. Recently, layer-by-layer fabrication of parts using Additive Manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a powerful tool for creating complex and patient-specific phantoms, but these are characterized by poor MR visibility of the AM material. We present the systematic screening of AM materials as candidates for multimodal MRI/MPI imaging. Of all investigated materials, silicone (Dreve, Biotec) exhibited the best properties with sufficient MR-signal performance and the lowest absorption of MNP at the interface of AM materials. With the help of AM and the selection of appropriate materials, we have been able to produce suitable MRI/MPI phantoms.

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Chen, Yongsheng, E. Mark Haacke, and Jun Li. "Peripheral nerve magnetic resonance imaging." F1000Research 8 (October 28, 2019): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19695.1.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used extensively in revealing pathological changes in the central nervous system. However, to date, MRI is very much underutilized in evaluating the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This underutilization is generally due to two perceived weaknesses in MRI: first, the need for very high resolution to image the small structures within the peripheral nerves to visualize morphological changes; second, the lack of normative data in MRI of the PNS and this makes reliable interpretation of the data difficult. This article reviews current state-of-the-art capabilities in in vivo MRI of human peripheral nerves. It aims to identify areas where progress has been made and those that still require further improvement. In particular, with many new therapies on the horizon, this review addresses how MRI can be used to provide non-invasive and objective biomarkers in the evaluation of peripheral neuropathies. Although a number of techniques are available in diagnosing and tracking pathologies in the PNS, those techniques typically target the distal peripheral nerves, and distal nerves may be completely degenerated during the patient’s first clinic visit. These techniques may also not be able to access the proximal nerves deeply embedded in the tissue. Peripheral nerve MRI would be an alternative to circumvent these problems. In order to address the pressing clinical needs, this review closes with a clinical protocol at 3T that will allow high-resolution, high-contrast, quantitative MRI of the proximal peripheral nerves.

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Gaffney, Gary R., Samuel Kuperman, Luke Y. Tsai, Susan Minchin, and Khatab M. Hassanein. "Midsagittal Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Autism." British Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 6 (December 1987): 831–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.6.831.

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Since recent reports suggest structural brain abnormalities in autistic patients, we analysed magnetic resonance imaging (MAI) scans of autistic children. Planimetric measurements were done on midsagittal MRI scans, produced with a 0.5 T superconducting magnet. Scans of 13 ‘high-level’ austic subjects were compared with 35 control MRI scans, read as anatomically normal by a neuroradiologist. Corpus callosal, fourth ventricular, cerebellar, cerebral, and cranial areas were measured. The fourth ventricle was found to be significantly larger in the autistic group. No other areas in the midsagittal scans differed statistically between groups. Results suggest that structures defining the fourth ventricle are anatomically altered in autistic patients.

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Krustesen, Jodi. "Optimizing Parkinson’s disease Diagnosis: A Clinical Review Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)." Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery 2, no. 3 (August 2, 2018): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8868/031.

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Conlon, P., and M. R. Trimble. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Psychiatry*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 8 (November 1987): 702–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378703200815.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a relatively new radiological technique that may be useful in the study of psychiatric illness. MRI gives detailed structural information about the brain and also allows quantification of functional change. Current areas of study relevant to psychiatry include: schizophrenia, dementia, epilepsy and, to a lesser extent, alcohol and affective disorders. The authors review the basic principles of MRI, discuss the recent application to psychiatry, indicate its potential advantages and comment on the current limitations of this imaging modality.

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Tscholl, Philippe Matthias, Florian Wanivenhaus, and Sandro F. Fucentese. "Conventional Radiographs and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Analysis of Trochlear Dysplasia: The Influence of Selected Levels on Magnetic Resonance Imaging." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 5 (February 8, 2017): 1059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516685054.

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Background: Trochlear dysplasia is one of the most important risk factors for recurrent patellar instability. It is defined on true lateral conventional radiographs (CR) and axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The type of trochlear dysplasia is decisive for surgical treatment; however, low agreement between CR and MRI has been reported. Purpose: To compare the Dejour classification of trochlear dysplasia on CR and axial MRI using differing levels defined in the literature. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The 4-type classification of trochlear dysplasia by Dejour was used to analyze 228 knees with recurrent patellar dislocations on true lateral CR and axial MRI. The 2-type modification of the Dejour classification was also similarly analyzed. Measurements on axial MRI were performed at 3 different levels: MR1, the most proximal level where the intercondylar notch forms a “Roman arch”; MR2, 3 cm above the joint line; and MR3, the midpatellar height. Results: MR1 was measured at a mean distance of 29 ± 3.5 mm and MR3 at a mean of 38 ± 5.8 mm above the joint line. MR1 and MR2 were always measured on the cartilaginous trochlea, whereas 52% of MR3 was found more proximally. Overall agreement was fair between CR and MR1/MR2 (31.1%/25.4%, respectively) and highest for MR3 (45.2%; P < .01). The highest agreement (81.8%) was found for MR3 with the 2-type trochlear dysplasia classification (low-grade trochlear dysplasia: type A vs high-grade trochlear dysplasia: types B, C, and D) and lower for MR1 (67.5%) and MR2 (62.0%). Conclusion: Trochlear dysplasia measured on CR and MRI shows only fair agreement, especially when the supratrochlear region of the distal femur is not analyzed on axial MRI. MRI analysis that considers the cartilaginous trochlea only tends to underestimate the severity of dysplasia according to Dejour. For a more precise evaluation of trochlear dysplasia, the entire distal femur should be analyzed on axial MRI.

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Tsirmpas, Charalampos, Kostas Giokas, Dimitra Iliopoulou, and Dimitris Koutsouris. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Cloud Computing Framework." International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare 1, no. 4 (October 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrqeh.2012100101.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) are two non-invasive techniques that are increasingly being used to identify and quantify biochemical markers associated with certain diseases, e.g., choline in the case of cancer. The associating of MRI/MRS images, patient’s electronic health record, genome information, and environmental factors increase the precision of diagnosis and treatment. The authors present a collaboration framework based on Cloud Computing which allows analysis of MRI/MRS data based on advanced mathematical tools, advanced combination, and link discovery between different data types, so as to increase the precision and consequently avoid non-appropriate therapy and treatment plans.

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Goscin, Christopher P., Claudia G. Berman, and Robert A. Clark. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast." Cancer Control 8, no. 5 (September 2001): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107327480100800502.

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Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to become a useful adjunct in breast imaging. Contrast-enhanced breast MRI has demonstrated a high sensitivity in the detection of invasive breast cancer. In clinical studies, breast MRI has often altered the course of patient care. Although promising results have been generated, MRI of the breast is currently in a development stage. Methods The authors reviewed the literature on the potential indications, sensitivity, specificity, and limitations of MRI of the breast. Results Reported advantages of MRI of the breast over conventional imaging techniques include improved staging and treatment planning, enhanced evaluation of the augmented breast, better detection of recurrence, and improved screening of high-risk women. Contrast-enhanced breast MRI is a sensitive modality for detecting breast cancer, but its variable specificity is a major limitation. Conclusions MRI of the breast is emerging as a valuable adjunct to mammography and sonography for specific clinical indications. Additional clinical studies that define indications, interpretation criteria, imaging parameters, and cost effectiveness are needed. A multi-institutional study designed to address these issues is in progress.

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Koretsky, Alan P., Afonso Costa e Silva, and Yi-Jen Lin. "Functional information from magnetic resonance imaging." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100136799.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become established as an important imaging modality for the clinical management of disease. This is primarily due to the great tissue contrast inherent in magnetic resonance images of normal and diseased organs. Due to the wide availability of high field magnets and the ability to generate large and rapidly switched magnetic field gradients there is growing interest in applying high resolution MRI to obtain microscopic information. This symposium on MRI microscopy highlights new developments that are leading to increased resolution. The application of high resolution MRI to significant problems in developmental biology and cancer biology will illustrate the potential of these techniques.In combination with a growing interest in obtaining high resolution MRI there is also a growing interest in obtaining functional information from MRI. The great success of MRI in clinical applications is due to the inherent contrast obtained from different tissues leading to anatomical information.

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Ebmeier, Klaus P., Nicola Filippini, Verena Heise, and Claire E. Sexton. "Other magnetic resonance imaging techniques." International Psychogeriatrics 23, S2 (August 15, 2011): S50—S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610211000925.

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ABSTRACTRelatively new developments in MRI, such as functional MRI (fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are rapidly developing into imaging modalities that will become clinically available in the near future. They have in common that their signal is somewhat easier to interpret than structural MRI: fMRI mirrors excess cerebral blood flow, in many cases representing brain activity, MRS gives the average volume concentrations of specific chemical compounds, and DTI reflects “directedness” of micro-anatomical structures, of particular use in white matter where fiber bundle disruption can be detected with great sensitivity. While structural changes in MRI have been disappointing in giving a diagnosis of sufficient sensitivity and specificity, these newer methods hold out hope for elucidating pathological changes and differentiating patient groups more rigorously. This paper summarizes promising research results that will yet have to be translated into real life clinical studies in larger groups of patients (e.g. memory clinic patients). Where available, we have tried to summarize results comparing different types of dementia.

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Harry, Vanessa N., Heather Deans, Emma Ramage, David E. Parkin, and Fiona J. Gilbert. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Gynecological Oncology." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 19, no. 2 (January 2009): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/igc.0b013e31819c52de.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an indispensable tool in the assessment of malignant disease. With increasingly sophisticated systems and technical advancements, MRI has continued to expand its role in providing crucial information regarding cancer diagnosis and management. In gynecological malignancies, this modality has assumed greater responsibility, particularly in the evaluation of cervical and endometrial cancers. In addition to conventional imaging, innovative techniques such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI show promise in offering early assessment of tumor response. This paper reviews the current role of MRI in gynecological cancers and highlights the potential of novel techniques in improving patient care.

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DeFilipp, Gary J., and William A. Buchheit. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Acoustic Neuromas." Neurosurgery 16, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 763–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198506000-00004.

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Abstract Ten patients with neurosensory hearing loss and computed tomographic (CT) evidence of acoustic neuromas were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tumors ranged in size from 0.8 to 3.7 cm. With the use of spin echo pulse sequences, all tumors were identified by MRI and appeared as masses with signal intensities greater than that of cerebrospinal fluid and equal to or greater than that of brain stem. Two patients who previously had undergone operation for acoustic neuromas were evaluated with MRI. In one patient with CT evidence of tumor recurrence, the lesion could not be identified by MRI. MRI holds promise of becoming a primary diagnostic modality for the evaluation of acoustic neuromas.

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Klein, Hans-Martin. "Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 192, no. 06 (May 12, 2020): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1123-7944.

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Background For more than two decades, the focus of technological progress in MRI was restricted to systems with a field strength of 1.5 T and higher. Low- and mid-field MRI systems, which offer some specific advantages, are vanishing from the market. This article is intended to initiate a re-evaluation of the factor ‘field strength’ in MR imaging. Method Literature review was carried out using MEDLINE database (via Pubmed) over a time span from 1980 to 2019 using free-text and Medical Subject headings (MeSH). Article selection was based on relevance and evidence. Results and Conclusion Low-field MR systems are meanwhile rare in clinical imaging. MRI systems with a lower field strength provide a reduced signal-noise ratio (SNR) and spectral differentiation. However, these systems offer a variety of advantages: Shorter T1 relaxation, better T1 contrast, fewer metal artifacts, reduced susceptibility and chemical shift artifacts, fewer dielectric effects, better tissue penetration, less RF-power deposition, fewer ‘missile effects’, reduced effect on biomedical implants such as shunt valves, less energy and helium consumption. If we free ourselves from the constraints of high-field strength, we are able to offer multiple medical, economic and ecologic advantages to our patients. The development of high-quality low-field MRI is possible and necessary. Key Points: Citation Format

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Platzek, Ivan, Hagen H. Kitzler, Volker Gudziol, Michael Laniado, and Gabriele Hahn. "Magnetic resonance imaging in acute mastoiditis." Acta Radiologica Short Reports 3, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 204798161452341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047981614523415.

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Background In cases of suspected mastoiditis, imaging is used to evaluate the extent of mastoid destruction and possible complications. The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in mastoiditis has not been systematically evaluated. Purpose To assess the diagnostic performance of MRI in patients with suspected acute mastoiditis. Material and Methods Twenty-three patients with suspected acute mastoiditis were included in this retrospective study (15 boys, 8 girls; mean age, 2 years 11 months). All patients were examined on a 1.5 T MRI system. The MRI examination included both enhanced and non-enhanced turbo spin echo (TSE), diffusion-weighted images, and venous time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF MRA) for the evaluation of the venous sinuses. Surgical findings, as well as clinical and imaging follow-up were used as the standard of reference. The sensitivity and accuracy of MRI for mastoiditis and subperiosteal abscesses was calculated. Results Twenty (87%) of 23 patients had mastoiditis, and 12 (52%) of 23 patients had a subperiosteal abscess in addition to mastoiditis. Mastoiditis and subperiosteal abscesses were identified by MRI in all cases. Sensitivity for mastoiditis was 100%, specificity was 66%, and accuracy was 86%. Sensitivity for subperiosteal abscesses was 100% and accuracy was 100%. Conclusion Multiparametric MRI has high accuracy for mastoiditis and subperiosteal abscesses.

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Purdy, Isabell, and Dorothy Wiley. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Neonate." Neonatal Network 22, no. 1 (January 2003): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.22.1.9.

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Over the past decade, advances in neuroimaging have given birth to a new field of diagnostic pediatric neurologic assessment that includes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This invaluable tool helps medical professionals to resolve many clinical and research questions related to neonatal neurodevelopment that other imaging technology cannot explain. Nurses and others who accompany infants to MRI would benefit from a better understanding of early neurodevelopment and of the neuroimaging procedure. Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of MRI techniques can help nurses be better patient advocates, parent liaisons, and caregivers to infants having MRI scans.

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Pardoe, Heath, and Ruben Kuzniecky. "Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Epilepsy." US Neurology 10, no. 02 (2014): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usn.2014.10.02.104.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most commonly used noninvasive imaging modality for epilepsy diagnosis, etiologic classification, and management. The availability of 3T scanners and multiple channel coils mean isotropic T2-weighted MRI can also be readily obtained with a similar spatial resolution to T1w MRI. These acquisitions in combination with quantitative morphometric techniques can be used to detect subtle cortical and subcortical brain abnormalities associated with epilepsy. Functional MRI (fMRI) methods including electroencephalography (EEG)-fMRI and resting state imaging have been used to study network activity, such as language and memory in surgical candidates. Diffusion MRI can be used to map white matter pathways and provide an alternative structural view of connections between brain regions. These techniques will increase the yield of abnormalities in epilepsy patients previously considered nonlesional.

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HOUANG, M. T. W., M. STERN, B. BREW, M. PELL, and J. SHEEHY. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of Pseudosyrinxes." Australasian Radiology 32, no. 2 (May 1988): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.1988.tb02718.x.

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Tanghe, H. L. J. "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in syringomyelia." Acta Neurochirurgica 134, no. 1-2 (March 1995): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01428512.

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Thron, A., and G. Schroth. "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of diastematomyelia." Neuroradiology 28, no. 4 (July 1986): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00333450.

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Wegner, Franz, Kerstin Lüdtke-Buzug, Sjef Cremers, Thomas Friedrich, Malte M. Sieren, Julian Haegele, Martin A. Koch, et al. "Bimodal Interventional Instrument Markers for Magnetic Particle Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging—A Proof-of-Concept Study." Nanomaterials 12, no. 10 (May 21, 2022): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12101758.

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The purpose of this work was to develop instrument markers that are visible in both magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The instrument markers were based on two different magnetic nanoparticle types (synthesized in-house KLB and commercial Bayoxide E8706). Coatings containing one of both particle types were fabricated and measured with a magnetic particle spectrometer (MPS) to estimate their MPI performance. Coatings based on both particle types were then applied on a segment of a nonmetallic guidewire. Imaging experiments were conducted using a commercial, preclinical MPI scanner and a preclinical 1 tesla MRI system. MPI image reconstruction was performed based on system matrices measured with dried KLB and Bayoxide E8706 coatings. The bimodal markers were clearly visible in both methods. They caused circular signal voids in MRI and areas of high signal intensity in MPI. Both the signal voids as well as the areas of high signal intensity were larger than the real marker size. Images that were reconstructed with a Bayoxide E8706 system matrix did not show sufficient MPI signal. Instrument markers with bimodal visibility are essential for the perspective of monitoring cardiovascular interventions with MPI/MRI hybrid systems.

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Sarbu, Nicolae, Núria Bargalló, and Ricard Cervera. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Lupus." F1000Research 4 (June 23, 2015): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6522.1.

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Neuropsychiatric lupus is a major diagnostic challenge, and a main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is, by far, the main tool for assessing the brain in this disease. Conventional and advanced MRI techniques are used to help establishing the diagnosis, to rule out alternative diagnoses, and recently, to monitor the evolution of the disease. This review explores the neuroimaging findings in SLE, including the recent advances in new MRI methods.

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Gill, Veenu. "Specific Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings as Predictors of Osteomyelitis in Routine Clinical Practice." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 07, no. 02 (March 22, 2021): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/148.

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Background: The gold standard for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis is histopathology combined with positive bone cultures. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is often used to aide diagnosis and guide treatment decisions. The purpose of the study was to examine the association of MRI findings with, and their sensitivity and specificity in identifying osteomyelitis as proven by bone histopathology and bone culture in routine clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with bone specimens obtained by biopsy or at resection for suspected osteomyelitis during 2010-2014 at an academic medical center in New York City. We used bivariate analysis to compare findings of patients who did or did not have osteomyelitis confirmed on histopathology (Analysis 1) and those who had either bone histopathology demonstrating osteomyelitis, positive bone cultures or both or who had neither (Analysis 2). Results: We identified 103 patients with an MRI in the week prior to bone biopsy or bone resection. In Analysis 1, 52 (50.5%) of 103 patients had osteomyelitis confirmed on histopathology. In Analysis 2, 72 (70%) patients had proven osteomyelitis. These groups with and without osteomyelitis did not differ significantly with respect to the frequency of marrow edema, cortical erosions, decreased T1 signal or increased T2 signal in either analysis and the sensitivity and specificity of MRI findings for detecting osteomyelitis was lower than reported in prior studies. Conclusions: Based on the above results, clinicians should be aware that the sensitivity and specificity of MRI findings for histologic and microbiologic osteomyelitis may be less in real world practice than is reported in formal studies.

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Herfarth, Hans, and Andreas G. Schreyer. "Imaging in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Digestive Diseases 33, Suppl. 1 (2015): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437036.

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Diagnostic imaging techniques play an important role in the diagnosis and management of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The approach should be guided by considerations of diagnostic accuracy, concerns about patient exposure to ionizing radiation, local expertise and tolerance of the endoscopic and/or imaging technique. In regard to the clinical diagnostic value (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy), no significant differences exist between CT and MRI for the evaluation of the extent of inflammation, stricturing, penetrating disease or extraluminal complications such as abscesses. Due to the absence of radiation exposure, MRI of the intestine is recommended as the first-line imaging modality in patients with suspected or established IBD. The focus of this review is the latest developments in MRI techniques to detect IBDs. Specifically, the use of new indices for the grading of inflammation or assessing bowel damage as well as innovative experimental approaches such as diffusion-weighted imaging or magnetization-transfer MRI to evaluate and quantify the degree of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis in stricturing Crohn's disease are discussed.

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Jerban, Saeed, Hyungseok Jang, Eric Y. Chang, Susan Bukata, Jiang Du, and Christine B. Chung. "Bone Biomarkers Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 28, no. 01 (February 2024): 062–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1776431.

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AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used to evaluate the microstructural and compositional properties of bone. MRI-based biomarkers can characterize all major compartments of bone: organic, water, fat, and mineral components. However, with a short apparent spin-spin relaxation time (T2*), bone is invisible to conventional MRI sequences that use long echo times. To address this shortcoming, ultrashort echo time MRI sequences have been developed to provide direct imaging of bone and establish a set of MRI-based biomarkers sensitive to the structural and compositional changes of bone. This review article describes the MRI-based bone biomarkers representing total water, pore water, bound water, fat fraction, macromolecular fraction in the organic matrix, and surrogates for mineral density. MRI-based morphological bone imaging techniques are also briefly described.

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Dharmakumar, Rohan, Zhouli Zhang, Ioannis Koktzoglou, Sotirios A. Tsaftaris, and Debiao Li. "Dual-Contrast Cellular Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Molecular Imaging 8, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 7290.2009.00024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7290.2009.00024.

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Negative contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods using magnetic susceptibility shifting agents have become one of the most important approaches in cellular imaging research. However, visualizing and tracking labeled cells on the basis of negative contrast is often met with limited specificity and sensitivity. Here we report on a MRI method for cellular imaging that generates a new contrast with a distinct topology for identifying labeled cells that has the potential to significantly improve both the sensitivity and the specificity. Specifically, we show that low flip-angle steady-state free precession MRI can be used to generate fast three-dimensional images of tissue that can be rapidly processed to generate quantitative metrics enabling color overlays indicative of regions containing labeled cells. The technique substantially improves the ability of MRI for detecting labeled cells by overcoming the fundamental limits that currently plague negative contrast methods.

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Oner, A. Y., H. Celik, S. Akpek, and N. Tokgoz. "Central nervous system aspergillosis: magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy features." Acta Radiologica 47, no. 4 (May 2006): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850600580325.

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Aspergillus infection is invasive in nature in the immunosuppressed population and disseminates throughout the body, with the brain being a common site. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) play a life-saving role in the early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of this potentially fatal infection. We present MRI, DWI, and MRS findings of a case of central nervous system aspergillosis with treatment follow-up.

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Palesh, Mohammad, Sten Fredrikson, Hamidreza Jamshidi, Pia Maria Jonsson, and Goran Tomson. "Diffusion of magnetic resonance imaging in Iran." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 23, no. 2 (April 2007): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462307070377.

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Objectives:The aim of this article is to describe the diffusion of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Iran, including regional variations during the period of 1990 to 2005 and international comparisons.Methods:Data on the diffusion of MRI were obtained from the Medical Equipment Office of the Ministry of Health (MOH) and, using self-administered questionnaires, from forty-one universities specializing in medical sciences. Data were gathered from the year of first purchase up to mid-2005. Information for international comparisons was obtained from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development health data of 2006.Results:Iran purchased its first MRI unit in 1990. Since then, the number of MRI units has increased remarkably. The diffusion curve of MRI in Iran follows an S-shaped curve with a very slow speed in the period of 1991–95. Accelerated adoption occurred later coinciding with a significant influence from the private sector, especially from 1999. Iran had ninety-three MRI units in 2005, and the number of MRI units per million in the population was 1.36.Conclusions:The number of MRI units in provinces is not in direct proportion to the number of their inhabitants. Rational adoption and equitable diffusion of MRI may require the MOH and regulatory bodies to improve their ability in health technology assessment and integrate it into the policy making regarding adoption, diffusion, and utilization of health technologies.

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Gilard, Martine, Mourad Mejri, Pennec Pierre-Yves, and Jacques Boschat. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Interventional Cardiologist." Interventional Cardiology Review 4, no. 1 (2009): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2009.4.1.26.

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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved over the last few years into a valuable tool for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular diseases. Late gadolinium-enhanced MRI and stress myocardial perfusion MRI have been shown to be useful in detecting infarct tissue and in predicting myocardial viability and patient prognosis. The strengths of MRI lie in its ability to comprehensively image cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, viability and physiology in ‘one-stop testing’ and to provide high-quality diagnostic information without the need for radiation. This article summarises the current clinical applications of MRI in interventional cardiology.

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Khan, Laila, Rukhsana Aziz, and Tahira Nishtar. "MRI findings in pregnancy related neurological complications." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 72, no. 12 (November 15, 2022): 2448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.5135.

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Objectives: To describe the various neurological complications that occur in pregnancy and puerperium using magnetic resonance imaging as the diagnostic tool. Method: The prospective study was conducted at the Radiology Department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, from June 2018 to June 2019, and comprised pregnant and puerperium patients presenting with neurological symptoms who were referred for magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical records of the patients were reviewed for risk factors and neurological symptomatology. Imaging was done using a 1.5Tesla machine. Departmental routine imaging protocols for magnetic resonance imaging brain and magnetic resonance venography were used. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: There were 60 pregnant women with a mean age of 25.85±5.1 years (range: 17-40 years). Magnetic resonance imaging showed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in 20(33.3%) patients and haemorrhagic infarct in 18(30%), while 9(15%) were found to be normal. Magnetic resonance venography exhibited dural sinus thrombosis in 19(31.7%) patients. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging was found to play a vital role in early diagnosis of pregnancy-related neurological complications. Key Words: MRI, Neurological complications, MRV, PRES, DST.

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Pudas, T., T. Hurme, K. Mattila, and E. Svedström. "Magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric elbow fractures." Acta Radiologica 46, no. 6 (October 2005): 636–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850510021643.

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Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of pediatric elbow trauma with or without a visible fracture on radiography. Material and Methods: MRI was performed in the acute phase in 25 children with an elbow injury. Nine patients with an elbow effusion only on radiographs and 16 with a fracture or luxation seen on radiographs underwent subsequent MRI. No sedation was used. Results: MRI revealed eight occult fractures (89%) in seven out of nine patients who had only an effusion on radiographs. Based on MRI findings, septic arthritis was suspected in one patient. Two patients out of five with a supracondylar fracture on the radiograph had a cartilage lesion in the humerus. MRI depicted a 3-mm gap on the articular surface in two patients with a lateral condyle fracture, a more accurate fracture location in two patients than the radiographs, and an additional occult fracture in two patients. MRI showed a fracture not seen on radiographs in two of three patients with prior luxation. Conclusion: MRI is a sensitive and accurate method in the diagnosis of pediatric elbow injuries, especially when only an effusion is present on radiographs. Occult fractures are more common in pediatric patients with elbow injury than reported earlier.

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House, John W., Victor Waluch, and Robert K. Jackler. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acoustic Neuroma Diagnosis." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 95, no. 1 (January 1986): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948609500104.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is capable of providing excellent images of the contents of the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle. In order to determine whether MRI is comparable to air contrast computed tomography in the diagnosis of small acoustic neuromas, 44 patients with suspected retrocochlear disease were studied with both CT and MRI. Twenty-one lesions were identified successfully with MRI and CT. The size of the tumors ranged from 4 mm to 5 cm. In twenty-three nontumor patients the normal audiovestibular nerve bundles were well visualized. Air contrast CT, on the other hand, was falsely positive in two cases. The results of this study indicate that MRI is suitable as the primary anatomic investigation in patients suspected of having retrocochlear lesions. It has the advantages of being highly reliable as well as free of ionizing radiation and the need for invasive procedures. The expense of MRI compares favorably with that of combined intravenous and gas contrast CT.

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Ekbom, K., J. Tothall, K. Annell, and J. Träff. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Retropharyngeal Tendinitis." Cephalalgia 14, no. 4 (August 1994): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1994.1404266.x.

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Seven consecutive patients with acute retropharyngeal tendinitis underwent plain X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine. All seven had marked soft tissue swelling anterior to C1 and C2 on plain X-ray, and soft tissue calcification at this level was present in five of them. On MRI, there was markedly increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images in the acute phase and intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images, anterior to the level of C1 and C2, often extending as far down as C6. These changes correlated well with the soft tissue swelling seen on conventional X-ray of the cervical spine. The maximum mid-sagittal thickness of the soft tissues was significantly greater in the tendinitis patients ( p < 0.001) than in 12 control subjects free of symptoms from the pharynx or the cervical spine. Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs rapidly alleviated symptoms, and at follow-up MRI showed regression or complete restitution of the changes. In conclusion, MRI can visualize the edematous changes in the longus colli muscle and adds useful diagnostic information in suspected cases of acute retropharyngeal tendinitis.

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Lee, Seung Hyun, Young Han Lee, Seok Hahn, Jaemoon Yang, Ho-Taek Song, and Jin-Suck Suh. "Optimization of T2-weighted imaging for shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography by synthetic magnetic resonance imaging." Acta Radiologica 59, no. 8 (November 14, 2017): 959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185117740761.

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Background Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows reformatting of various synthetic images by adjustment of scanning parameters such as repetition time (TR) and echo time (TE). Optimized MR images can be reformatted from T1, T2, and proton density (PD) values to achieve maximum tissue contrast between joint fluid and adjacent soft tissue. Purpose To demonstrate the method for optimization of TR and TE by synthetic MRI and to validate the optimized images by comparison with conventional shoulder MR arthrography (MRA) images. Material and Methods Thirty-seven shoulder MRA images acquired by synthetic MRI were retrospectively evaluated for PD, T1, and T2 values at the joint fluid and glenoid labrum. Differences in signal intensity between the fluid and labrum were observed between TR of 500–6000 ms and TE of 80–300 ms in T2-weighted (T2W) images. Conventional T2W and synthetic images were analyzed for diagnostic agreement of supraspinatus tendon abnormalities (kappa statistics) and image quality scores (one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc analysis). Results Optimized mean values of TR and TE were 2724.7 ± 1634.7 and 80.1 ± 0.4, respectively. Diagnostic agreement for supraspinatus tendon abnormalities between conventional and synthetic MR images was excellent (κ = 0.882). The mean image quality score of the joint space in optimized synthetic images was significantly higher compared with those in conventional and synthetic images (2.861 ± 0.351 vs. 2.556 ± 0.607 vs. 2.750 ± 0.439; P < 0.05). Conclusion Synthetic MRI with optimized TR and TE for shoulder MRA enables optimization of soft-tissue contrast.

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Hochhegger, Bruno, Vinícius Valério Silveira de Souza, Edson Marchiori, Klaus Loureiro Irion, Arthur Soares Souza Jr., Jorge Elias Junior, Rosana Souza Rodrigues, et al. "Chest magnetic resonance imaging: a protocol suggestion." Radiologia Brasileira 48, no. 6 (December 2015): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2014.0017.

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Abstract In the recent years, with the development of ultrafast sequences, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been established as a valuable diagnostic modality in body imaging. Because of improvements in speed and image quality, MRI is now ready for routine clinical use also in the study of pulmonary diseases. The main advantage of MRI of the lungs is its unique combination of morphological and functional assessment in a single imaging session. In this article, the authors review most technical aspects and suggest a protocol for performing chest MRI. The authors also describe the three major clinical indications for MRI of the lungs: staging of lung tumors; evaluation of pulmonary vascular diseases; and investigation of pulmonary abnormalities in patients who should not be exposed to radiation.

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Rajiah, Prabhakar, and Milind Y. Desai. "Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging – Role and Applications." European Cardiology Review 8, no. 1 (2012): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2012.8.1.17.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important imaging modality in the non-invasive evaluation of cardiovascular diseases because of technological advances that facilitate the rapid acquisition of high-quality images. MRI is considered the gold standard in the evaluation of myocardial function. The good spatio-temporal resolution, wide field-of-view and multiplanar reconstruction capabilities of MRI make it ideal for the evaluation of the anatomy of the heart and great vessels. In this article, we discuss the current role and applications of cardiovascular MRI.

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Briola, Chiara. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cholangiopancreatography of the Pancreas in Small Animals." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 8 (July 23, 2022): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9080378.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) have emerged as non-invasive diagnostic techniques for the diagnosis of pancreatic and pancreatic duct disorders in humans. The number of studies focused on MR and MRCP for pancreatic disease in small animals is very limited. MR has been described for the evaluation of insulinoma in dogs and to investigate pancreatitis in cats. The studies were based on a standard protocol with T2 weighted (w) fast recovery fast spin-echo (FRFSE) with and without fat suppression, T1w FSE pre-contrast and T1w FSE post-contrast with and without fat suppression. MRCP after secretin stimulation has been described in cats to assess the pancreatic ductal system, taking advantage of pulse sequences heavily T2w as rapid acquisition with rapid enhancement (RARE), fast-recovery fast spin-echo (FRFSE) sequences and single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE) sequences. In addition to the standard protocol, fast spoiled gradient recalled echo pulse sequences (fSPGR) and volume interpolated 3D gradient-echo T1w pulse sequences pre and post-contrast have also been used in cats, reaching the goal of assessing the biliary tree and the pancreatic duct with the same sequence and in multiple planes. Despite the small amount of data, the results show potential, and the most recent technical innovations, in particular, focused on diffusion MRI and fast acquisition, further support the need for continued evaluation of MRI as an effective instrument for the investigation of pancreatic disease.

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Benson, L., A. Hemmingsson, A. Ericsson, B. Jung, G. Sperber, K. Å. Thuomas, and P. Westermark. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Primary Amyloidosis." Acta Radiologica 28, no. 1 (January 1987): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518702800103.

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Twelve patients with primary amyloidosis (AL) were investigated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In 9 patients an abnormal thickening of the heart walls was present and in 2 macroglossia was found at MRI. T1 was significantly increased in liver (p<0.05) and subcutaneous fat (p<0.01) while it was decreased in the spleen (p<0.05). T2 was significantly decreased (p<0.01) in the spleen in patients with amyloidosis, while it was not significantly altered in the liver or subcutaneous fat. After therapy T1 of the liver was reduced towards normal values in 4 patients. It is concluded that MRI might be a method to quantitate the amount of amyloid deposits in the tissue, and that the effect of therapy may be monitored with this technique.

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Webb, Megan E., Farnaz Amoozegar, and Ashley D. Harris. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pediatric Migraine." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 46, no. 6 (July 16, 2019): 653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2019.243.

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ABSTRACT:This literature review provides an overview of the research using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric migraine and compares findings with the adult migraine literature. A literature search using PubMed was conducted using all relevant sources up to February 2019. Using MRI methods to categorize and explain pediatric migraine in comparison with adult migraine is important, in order to recognize and appreciate the differences between the two entities, both clinically and physiologically. We aim to demonstrate the differences and similarities between pediatric and adult migraine using data from white matter and gray matter structural studies, cerebral perfusion, metabolites, and functional MRI (fMRI) studies, including task-based and resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent studies. By doing this we identify areas that need further research, as well as possible areas where intervention could alter outcomes.

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McNally, J. Scott, Seong-Eun Kim, Jason Mendes, J. Rock Hadley, Akihiko Sakata, Adam H. De Havenon, Gerald S. Treiman, and Dennis L. Parker. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detection of Intraplaque Hemorrhage." Magnetic Resonance Insights 10 (January 1, 2017): 1178623X1769415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178623x17694150.

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Carotid artery atherosclerosis is a major cause of ischemic stroke. For more than 30 years, future stroke risk and carotid stroke etiology have been determined using percent diameter stenosis based on clinical trials in the 1990s. In the past 10 years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences have been developed to detect carotid intraplaque hemorrhage. By detecting carotid intraplaque hemorrhage, MRI identifies potential stroke sources that are often overlooked by lumen imaging. In addition, MRI can dramatically improve assessment of future stroke risk beyond lumen stenosis alone. In this review, we discuss the use of heavily T1-weighted MRI sequences used to detect carotid intraplaque hemorrhage. In addition, advances in ciné imaging, motion robust techniques, and specialized neck coils will be reviewed. Finally, the clinical use and future impact of MRI plaque hemorrhage imaging will be discussed.

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Kamble, Ravindra Bhimrao. "Magnetic resonance imaging brain sequences in pediatrics." Karnataka Pediatric Journal 36 (June 2, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/kpj_32_2020.

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There are various pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols followed in institutes and by individual radiologists, determined by the disease process and the indication for imaging, to narrow down the differential diagnosis. Most times, it is beneficial to modify protocols when the scans are being done, based on the findings seen on initially acquired sequences. This is particularly useful in pediatric patients considering most of them are scanned either under sedation or general anesthesia, and repeat scans will be cumbersome. In this particular review article, we are going to discuss appropriate MRI sequences in scanning pediatric brains and the need for rapid MRI sequences. This is of immense importance as MRI in pediatric patients poses challenges both to radiologists and technologists. Consequently, appropriate MRI protocols should be set to avoid repeat studies.

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Adamiak, Z., M. Jaskólska, H. Matyjasik, A. Pomianowski, and M. Kwiatkowska. "Magnetic resonance imaging of selected limb joints in dogs." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10181-011-0075-y.

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Magnetic resonance imaging of selected limb joints in dogs The presented paper presents updated information concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of shoulder joint, elbow joint and knee joint in dogs. It describes indications, planes, standard sequences, slice thickness to perform MRI examination of above mentioned joints. Besides general information about basic physics use in magnetic resonance imaging, and practical information about magnetic resonance and it usage in orthopedic examination are given.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)'

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