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Journal articles on the topic 'Magnetic materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 April 2024

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1

Sbiaa, R., H. Meng, and S. N. Piramanayagam. "Materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for magnetic random access memory." physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters 5, no. 12 (October 4, 2011): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201105420.

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2

Kang, Kyongha. "MnBi nanoparticles with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 439, no. 1-2 (July 2007): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.04.079.

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3

En-Yong, Jiang, Wang Zhong-Jie, and Li Jen-e. "Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of NdFe films." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2, no. 27 (July 9, 1990): 6089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/2/27/014.

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4

Kijima-Aoki, Hanae, Yasushi Endo, Takamichi Miyazaki, Tsutomu Nojima, Kenji Ikeda, Nobukiyo Kobayashi, Shigehiro Ohnuma, and Hiroshi Masumoto. "Shape effect of Co nanoparticles on the electric and magnetic properties of Co–SiO₂ nanogranular films." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000310.

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Controlling the magnetic anisotropy of nanoparticles is a crucial but challenging step for developing new magnetic functions. Here, we demonstrate a simple approach to controlling the shape of Co nanoparticles in a Co-SiO2 nanogranular film from oblate to prolate spheroid by varying the substrate rotation speed during the tandem fabrication process without changing the film composition (Co:SiO2 = 3:7). Changing the nanoparticles from oblate to prolate, increasing perpendicular length of ellipsoidal nanoparticles, changes the magnetic anisotropy axis of Co–SiO2 nanogranular films from in-plane to out-of-plane, which indicates that the shape anisotropy profoundly affects the magnetic properties. Despite the small tunneling current of a few tens of nanoamperes, a maximum tunneling magnetoresistance effect of up to 2.8 % was realized under an applied magnetic field of 12 kOe in the film plane. Achieving both in-plane and perpendicular spin-dependent tunneling, the anisotropic nanogranular films imply direction controllable tunneling materials as future topological nanoarchitecture. Such high-resistivity nanogranular films with a controllable magnetic nanoparticle shape facilitate the design of new magneto-optical devices with high withstand voltages.

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5

Ching-Ming Lee, Lin-Xiu Ye, Jia-Mou Lee, Tung-Hsien Hsieh, Jhih-Wei Syu, Wen-Jaun Chen, Chao-Yuan Huang, and Te-Ho Wu. "Magnetic Properties of Ultrathin TbFeCo Magnetic Films With Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 45, no. 10 (October 2009): 4023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2009.2024887.

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6

Sbiaa, R., H. Meng, and S. N. Piramanayagam. "ChemInform Abstract: Materials with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy for Magnetic Random Access Memory." ChemInform 44, no. 14 (March 20, 2013): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201314222.

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7

Lodder, J. Cock. "Magnetic Microstructures of Perpendicular Magnetic-Recording Media." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 10 (October 1995): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400045383.

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Magnetic recording has been the dominant recording technology for information storage since the invention of the computer. Currently, 1-Gbit/in. longitudinal magnetic recording (LMR) systems have been realized and densities of 10 Gbit/in., having bit areas less than 0.1 μm, are being developed. To reach this goal, a drastic scaling down of the track pitch, bit-cell length, head gap, medium thickness, and head-medium spacing is required. If this trend of increasing densities continues, an areal density of more than 300 Gbit/in. is predicted in the 21st century, based on computer simulation using the perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) mode instead of the current LMR scheme. Magnetic-recording technologies and related materials have already been discussed in another issue of the MRS Bulletin, and hence in this paper, we concentrate on Co-Cr-X material used as a medium for PMR.The PMR mode has been studied since 1975 and at present, Co-Cr-X (e.g., X = Ta) films with perpendicular anisotropy are the most promising media material. In general, such media should have the following properties: easy axis of magnetization perpendicular to the film plane, suitable coercivity (Hc) and remanent magnetization (Mr) for storing the information and reading it at a high signal-to-noise (S/N) level, uniform columnar size with a small diameter, magnetically uncoupled columns having a magnetization reversal based on rotation instead of a domain-wall motion, chemical stability under various environmental conditions, and a small surface roughness. In order to achieve the desired magnetic anisotropy and coercivity, a columnar morphology (small diameter) with an hep [0001] texture and exchange-decoupled, columnar boundaries—to create a magnetic microstructure for single domain switching columns with high coercivity—should be obtained. An overview of the preparation, microstructure, and magnetic properties of Co-Cr thin films is given in Reference 8. Depending on the deposition parameters, a so-called initial layer (with an in-plane magnetization) can be present.

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8

Amoroso, Danila, Paolo Barone, and Silvia Picozzi. "Interplay between Single-Ion and Two-Ion Anisotropies in Frustrated 2D Semiconductors and Tuning of Magnetic Structures Topology." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081873.

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The effects of competing magnetic interactions in stabilizing different spin configurations are drawing renewed attention in order to unveil emerging topological spin textures and to highlight microscopic mechanisms leading to their stabilization. The possible key role of the two-site exchange anisotropy in selecting specific helicity and vorticity of skyrmionic lattices has only recently been proposed. In this work, we explore the phase diagram of a frustrated localized magnet characterized by a two-dimensional centrosymmetric triangular lattice, focusing on the interplay between the two-ion anisotropy and the single-ion anisotropy. The effects of an external magnetic field applied perpendicularly to the magnetic layer, are also investigated. By means of Monte Carlo simulations, we find an abundance of different spin configurations, going from trivial to high-order Q skyrmionic and meronic lattices. In closer detail, we find that a dominant role is played by the two-ion over the single-ion anisotropy in determining the planar spin texture; the strength and the sign of single ion anisotropy, together with the magnitude of the magnetic field, tune the perpendicular spin components, mostly affecting the polarity (and, in turn, the topology) of the spin texture. Our analysis confirms the crucial role of the anisotropic symmetric exchange in systems with dominant short-range interactions; at the same time, we predict a rich variety of complex magnetic textures, which may arise from a fine tuning of competing anisotropic mechanisms.

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9

Jaworowicz, J., N. Vernier, J. Ferré, A. Maziewski, D. Stanescu, D. Ravelosona, A. S. Jacqueline, C. Chappert, B. Rodmacq, and B. Diény. "Magnetic logic using nanowires with perpendicular anisotropy." Nanotechnology 20, no. 21 (May 5, 2009): 215401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/21/215401.

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10

Pashko, Anna G., R. G. Bareev, V. Osadchenko, N. Lobasheva, and G. S. Kandaurova. "Dynamic Chains of Spiral Magnetic Domains." Solid State Phenomena 168-169 (December 2010): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.168-169.227.

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In this paper we present the results of investigation of spiral dynamic domains of a highly anisotropic iron garnet film with a perpendicular anisotropy in magnetic field with a constant dimensional gradient. The experiment showed how the presence of gradient of constant field affects the main parameters of spiral dynamic domains – geometrical form, life time, amount of orbits.

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11

Dinia, A., G. Schmerber, V. Pierron-Bohnes, C. Mény, P. Panissod, and E. Beaurepaire. "Magnetic perpendicular anisotropy in sputtered (Zn0.75Co0.25)O dilute magnetic semiconductor." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 286 (February 2005): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.09.032.

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12

Johnson, M. T., R. Jungblut, P. J. Kelly, and F. J. A. den Broeder. "Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of multilayers: recent insights." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 148, no. 1-2 (July 1995): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(95)00174-3.

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13

Lequeux, S., N. Perrissin, G. Grégoire, L. Tillie, A. Chavent, N. Strelkov, L. Vila, et al. "Thermal robustness of magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular shape anisotropy." Nanoscale 12, no. 11 (2020): 6378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr10366j.

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Perpendicular Shape Anisotropy based storage layer offers a bulk anisotropy much more robust against thermal fluctuations than the interfacial anisotropy, allowing to reduce the temperature dependence of the coercivity of sub-20 nm MTJ cells.

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14

Anyfantis, Dimitrios I., Camillo Ballani, Nikos Kanistras, Alexandros Barnasas, Ioannis Tsiaoussis, Georg Schmidt, Evangelos Th Papaioannou, and Panagiotis Poulopoulos. "Magnetic Anisotropies and Exchange Bias of Co/CoO Multilayers with Intermediate Ultrathin Pt Layers." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041378.

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Co/CoO multilayers are fabricated by means of radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. For the formation of each multilayer period, a Co layer is initially produced followed by natural oxidation. Platinum is used not only as buffer and capping layers, but also in the form of intermediate ultrathin layers to enhance perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Three samples are compared with respect to the magnetic anisotropies and exchange bias between 4–300 K based on superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry measurements. Two of the multilayers are identical Co/CoO/Pt ones; one of them, however, is grown on a Co/Pt “magnetic substrate” to induce perpendicular magnetic anisotropy via exchange coupling through an ultrathin Pt intermediate layer. The third multilayer is of the form Co/CoO/Co/Pt. The use of a “magnetic substrate” results in the observation of loops with large remanence when the field applies perpendicular to the film plane. The CoO/Co interfaces lead to a significant exchange bias at low temperatures after field cooling. The largest exchange bias was observed in the film with double Co/CoO/Co interfaces. Consequently, significant perpendicular anisotropy coexists with large exchange bias, especially at low temperatures. Such samples can be potentially useful for applications related to spintronics and magnetic storage.

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15

Kato, Takeshi, Daiki Oshima, and Satoshi Iwata. "Ion Irradiation for Planar Patterning of Magnetic Materials." Crystals 9, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9010027.

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Kr+ ion dose dependence of the magnetic properties of MnGa films and the fabrication of planar-patterned MnGa films by the local ion irradiation technique were reviewed. The magnetization and perpendicular anisotropy of the MnGa vanished at an ion dose of 1 × 1014 ions/cm2 due to the phase change of the MnGa from ferromagnetic L10 to paramagnetic A1 phase. The average switching field Hsw of the planar-patterned MnGa increased with decreasing the bit size, implying low bit edge damage in the patterned MnGa, whereas a rather large switching field distribution (SFD) of 25% was confirmed for a bit size of ~40 nm. Time resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements revealed that as-prepared MnGa exhibits an effective anisotropy field Hkeff = 20 kOe, its distribution ΔHkeff = 200 Oe, and Gilbert damping α = 0.008. The ion-irradiated MnGa films exhibited larger Hkeff = 22–23 kOe than that of the MnGa before the ion dose. Thus, ion irradiation does not decrease the perpendicular anisotropy, which suggests a small bit edge in the patterned MnGa. ΔHkeff increased from 0.2 kOe to 3 kOe, whereas the length of disorder in the film ξ decreased from 10 nm to 3 nm by ion irradiation.

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16

Dahmane, Y., S. Auffret, U. Ebels, B. Rodmacq, and B. Dieny. "Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy at Co/AlOx Interface." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 44, no. 11 (November 2008): 2865–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2008.2001992.

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17

Tamai, H., and K. Tagami. "Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy on sputtered FeTi films." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 23, no. 5 (September 1987): 2737–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1987.1065709.

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18

Fowley, Ciarán, Nicolas Decorde, Kaan Oguz, Karsten Rode, Huseyin Kurt, and J. M. D. Coey. "Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in CoFeB/Pd Bilayers." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 46, no. 6 (June 2010): 2116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2010.2044374.

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19

Kirkwood, David M., Gyana Pattanaik, and Giovanni Zangari. "Electrodeposited CoNiP Films with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 154, no. 8 (2007): D363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2739908.

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20

Wu, Yong, Xiaoguang Xu, Lu Li, Zhicheng Wang, Jun Miao, and Yong Jiang. "Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Pt/Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5/MgAl2O4trilayers." physica status solidi (a) 213, no. 10 (June 29, 2016): 2780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201600160.

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21

Nam, Chunghee. "Fabrication of Isolated CoGdTb Magnetic Nanodots with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 1891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2013.6984.

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22

Hong, Jisang. "Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of V/Co(001)." Surface Science 600, no. 11 (June 2006): 2323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2006.03.026.

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23

Xiao, Zhengyu, Fei Zhang, Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh, Rui Wang, Guowei Zhou, Zhiyong Quan, and Xiaohong Xu. "Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in compressive strained La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films." Journal of Materials Science 54, no. 12 (March 11, 2019): 9017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03517-5.

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24

Zhang, Yue, Shijiang Luo, Baiqian Yan, Jun Ou-Yang, Xiaofei Yang, Shi Chen, Benpeng Zhu, and Long You. "Magnetic skyrmions without the skyrmion Hall effect in a magnetic nanotrack with perpendicular anisotropy." Nanoscale 9, no. 29 (2017): 10212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr01980g.

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25

Skuza, J. R., C. Clavero, K. Yang, B. Wincheski, and R. A. Lukaszew. "Microstructural, Magnetic Anisotropy, and Magnetic Domain Structure Correlations in Epitaxial FePd Thin Films With Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 46, no. 6 (June 2010): 1886–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2009.2039923.

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26

Zhang, Cong, Takumi Sannomiya, Shinji Muraishi, Ji Shi, and Yoshio Nakamura. "Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in FePt/AlN layered structure." Applied Physics A 116, no. 4 (February 14, 2014): 1695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8302-x.

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27

Al Risi, Suleiman, Rachid Sbiaa, and Mohammed Al Bahri. "Domain Wall Dynamics in Stepped Magnetic Nanowire with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy." physica status solidi (a) 217, no. 16 (July 7, 2020): 2000225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202000225.

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28

Mettus, Denis, and Andreas Michels. "Small-angle neutron scattering correlation functions of bulk magnetic materials." Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, no. 5 (August 29, 2015): 1437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576715013187.

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On the basis of the continuum theory of micromagnetics, the correlation function of the spin-misalignment small-angle neutron scattering cross section of bulk ferromagnets (e.g.elemental polycrystalline ferromagnets, soft and hard magnetic nanocomposites, nanoporous ferromagnets, or magnetic steels) is computed. For such materials, the spin disorder which is related to spatial variations in the saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy field results in strong spin-misalignment scattering dΣM/dΩ along the forward direction. When the applied magnetic field is perpendicular to the incoming neutron beam, the characteristics of dΣM/dΩ (e.g.the angular anisotropy on a two-dimensional detector or the asymptotic power-law exponent) are determined by the ratio of magnetic anisotropy field strengthHpto the jump ΔMin the saturation magnetization at internal interfaces. Here, the corresponding one- and two-dimensional real-space correlations are analyzed as a function of applied magnetic field, the ratioHp/ΔM, the single-particle form factor and the particle volume fraction. Finally, the theoretical results for the correlation function are compared with experimental data on nanocrystalline cobalt and nickel.

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29

Sapozhnikov, Maksim V., Yuri V. Petrov, Nikita S. Gusev, Alexey G. Temiryazev, Olga L. Ermolaeva, Victor L. Mironov, and Oleg G. Udalov. "Artificial Dense Lattices of Magnetic Skyrmions." Materials 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010099.

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Multilayer Co/Pt films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are irradiated by focused a He+ ion beam to locally reduce the anisotropy value. The irradiated spots with the diameters of 100 and 200 nm are arranged in square lattices with the periods of 200 and 300 nm. The formation of nonuniform magnetic states within the spots was observed by magnetic force microscopy methods. We use the concentric distribution of the irradiation fluence within the spot to obtain the radial modulation of the anisotropy constant. This allows us to induce magnetic skyrmions during magnetization reversal of the system. The skyrmions remained stable at zero external magnetic field at room temperature. Magnetization hysteresis loops of the samples were investigated by magnetooptical methods and the results are in good agreement with micromagnetic simulations.

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30

YIN, J. H., J. DING, B. H. LIU, X. S. MIAO, J. B. YI, and J. S. CHEN. "MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE CO-FERRITE FILMS DEPOSITED ON SINGLE-CRYSTAL SiO2 SUBSTRATES USING PULSED LASER DEPOSITION." Surface Review and Letters 15, no. 01n02 (February 2008): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x08010981.

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Co-ferrite films were prepared using pulsed laser deposition with both post-annealing and in situ heating processes. Magnetic properties of these films were studied in the function of temperature, film thickness, and substrate. The films using post-annealing processes exhibited isotropic microstructure, and the coercivity showed no obvious magnetic anisotropy and no strong dependence on film thickness. Co-ferrite films using in situ heating exhibited (111) highly textured structure and possessed perpendicular anisotropy as well as large coercivity. The preferential texture and magnetic anisotropy were closely associated with substrate temperature and thickness. Perpendicular Hc over 12.5 kOe was obtained in the 33 nm Co-ferrite film deposited on single crystal quartz substrate at 550°C. The high coercivity and perpendicular coercivity may be attributed to the nanocrystalline grain, textured orientation, and large residual strain in these films since large residual strain may induce strong stress anisotropy.

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31

Sato, T., T. Goto, H. Ogata, K. Yamaguchi, and H. Yoshida. "Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of (Co, Fe)/Pt multilayers." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 272-276 (May 2004): E951—E952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.261.

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32

Liu, X., A. Morisako, H. Sakurai, Y. Sakurai, M. Itou, and A. Koizumi. "Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in sputtered amorphous TbFeCo films." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 310, no. 2 (March 2007): 1744–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.10.576.

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33

Ding, Manli, and S. Joseph Poon. "Tunable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in GdFeCo amorphous films." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 339 (August 2013): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2013.03.007.

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34

Yang, T., A. Suzuki, T. Matsumoto, and R. Yamamoto. "Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in CoGd/Pd Multilayered Films." physica status solidi (a) 161, no. 1 (May 1997): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-396x(199705)161:1<257::aid-pssa257>3.0.co;2-n.

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35

Mahendra, Anmol, Peter P. Murmu, Susant Kumar Acharya, Atif Islam, Holger Fiedler, Prasanth Gupta, Simon Granville, and John Kennedy. "Shaping Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy of Co2MnGa Heusler Alloy Using Ion Irradiation for Magnetic Sensor Applications." Sensors 23, no. 9 (May 8, 2023): 4564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094564.

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Magnetic sensors are key elements in many industrial, security, military, and biomedical applications. Heusler alloys are promising materials for magnetic sensor applications due to their high spin polarization and tunable magnetic properties. The dynamic field range of magnetic sensors is strongly related to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). By tuning the PMA, it is possible to modify the sensing direction, sensitivity and even the accuracy of the magnetic sensors. Here, we report the tuning of PMA in a Co2MnGa Heusler alloy film via argon (Ar) ion irradiation. MgO/Co2MnGa/Pd films with an initial PMA were irradiated with 30 keV 40Ar+ ions with fluences (ions·cm−2) between 1 × 1013 and 1 × 1015 Ar·cm−2, which corresponds to displacement per atom values between 0.17 and 17, estimated from Monte-Carlo-based simulations. The magneto optical and magnetization results showed that the effective anisotropy energy (Keff) decreased from ~153 kJ·m−3 for the un-irradiated film to ~14 kJ·m−3 for the 1 × 1014 Ar·cm−2 irradiated film. The reduced Keff and PMA are attributed to ion-irradiation-induced interface intermixing that decreased the interfacial anisotropy. These results demonstrate that ion irradiation is a promising technique for shaping the PMA of Co2MnGa Heusler alloy for magnetic sensor applications.

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36

Yunfei Ding, J. H. Judy, and Jian-Ping Wang. "Magneto-resistive read sensor with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 41, no. 2 (February 2005): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2004.839069.

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37

Kisielewski, J., Kamil Postava, I. Sveklo, A. Nedzved, P. Trzciński, Andrzej Maziewski, B. Szymański, M. Urbaniak, and Feliks Stobiecki. "Magnetic Anisotropy of Co Films Annealed by Laser Pulses." Solid State Phenomena 140 (October 2008): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.140.69.

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The magnetic properties of an ultrathin cobalt film were modified by a focused femtosecond pulsed laser beam. The Co wedge, with a thickness ranging from 0 to 2 nm, sandwiched by Au films was prepared using ultra-high vacuum magnetron sputtering on a mica substrate. The modifications of the laser induced magnetic anisotropy were investigated using magneto-optic Kerr microscopy and MFM/AFM techniques. The laser induces: (i) local reorientation of magnetization from an in-plane to a perpendicular state and (ii) an increase of the coercivity field. A corresponding increase of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is discussed considering an improvement of the Co/Au interfaces.

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38

Wang, W. G., and C. L. Chien. "Voltage-induced switching in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 46, no. 7 (February 1, 2013): 074004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/46/7/074004.

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39

Yamamoto, Tatsuya, Tomohiro Ichinose, Jun Uzuhashi, Takayuki Nozaki, Tadakatsu Ohkubo, Kay Yakushiji, Shingo Tamaru, et al. "Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and its voltage control in MgO/CoFeB/Mo/CoFeB/MgO junctions." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 27 (April 21, 2022): 275003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac6634.

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Abstract We study the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in the MgO/CoFeB (CFB)/MgO junctions with an angstrom-thick Mo spacer layer separating the CFB layer. Perpendicularly magnetized CFB/Mo/CFB films are achieved for a wide range of CFB thicknesses, and a large PMA energy density of > 0.3 mJ m−2 is demonstrated by tuning the thickness ratio of the two CFB layers as well as the thickness of the Mo spacer layer. The PMA in the MgO/CFB/Mo/CFB/MgO is controlled by a voltage applied across the junction, and a sign inversion in the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect is clearly observed between the ‘top free’ and ‘bottom free’ magnetic tunnel junctions, in which the CFB/Mo/CFB layers are fabricated on top and bottom of an MgO barrier layer, respectively. Nanostructural analyses reveal the difference in the morphology of the top free and bottom free magnetic tunnel junctions and also suggest that the flatness of CFB/MgO interface is rather important for improving the efficiency of the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy.

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40

Lou, Kaihua, Tunan Xie, Qianwen Zhao, Baiqing Jiang, ChaoChao Xia, Hanying Zhang, Zhihong Yao, and Chong Bi. "Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in as-deposited CoFeB/MgO thin films." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 12 (September 19, 2022): 122401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0106414.

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Fabrication of perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnetic films on various buffer layers, especially on numerous newly discovered spin–orbit torque (SOT) materials to construct energy-efficient spin-orbitronic devices, is a long-standing challenge. Even for the widely used CoFeB/MgO structures, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) can only be established on limited buffer layers through post-annealing above 300 °C. Here, we report that the PMA of CoFeB/MgO films can be established reliably on various buffer layers in the absence of post-annealing. Further results show that precise control of MgO thickness, which determines oxygen diffusion in the underneath CoFeB layer, is the key to obtain the as-deposited PMA. Interestingly, contrary to the previous understanding, post-annealing does not significantly influence the well-established as-deposited PMA but indeed enhances unsaturated PMA with a thick MgO layer by modulating oxygen distributions, rather than crystallinity or Co– and Fe–O bonding. Moreover, our results indicate that oxygen diffusion also plays a critical role in PMA degradation at high temperatures. These results provide a practical approach to build spin-orbitronic devices based on various high-efficient SOT materials.

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41

Varvaro, G., S. Laureti, D. Peddis, M. Hassan, G. Barucca, P. Mengucci, A. Gerardino, et al. "Co/Pd-Based synthetic antiferromagnetic thin films on Au/resist underlayers: towards biomedical applications." Nanoscale 11, no. 45 (2019): 21891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr06866j.

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Thin film stacks made of multiple repeats of Co/Pd-based SAF units with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and tunable magnetic moment were explored as starting material to fabricate free-standing micro/nanodisks for theranostic applications.

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Sayama, J., K. Mizutani, T. Asahi, J. Ariake, K. Ouchi, S. Matsunuma, and T. Osaka. "Magnetic properties and microstructure of SmCo5 thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 287 (February 2005): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.10.039.

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Boltushkin, A. V., V. G. Shadrov, and V. M. Fedosyuk. "Hard-Magnetic Co-W, Co-Ni-W Films with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy." Physica Status Solidi (a) 111, no. 2 (February 16, 1989): K225—K228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211110255.

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Sayama, Junichi, Toru Asahi, Kazuki Mizutani, and Tetsuya Osaka. "Newly developed SmCo5thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 37, no. 1 (December 10, 2003): L1—L4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/37/1/l01.

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Wang, Yu-Pu, Jin-Jun Qiu, Hui Lu, Rong Ji, Gu-Chang Han, and Kie-Leong Teo. "Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Fe2Cr1 −xCoxSi Heusler alloy." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 47, no. 49 (November 17, 2014): 495002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/49/495002.

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Prischepa, S., and A. Danilyuk. "Anisotropic Temperature-Dependent Interaction of Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles Embedded Inside CNT." International Journal of Nanoscience 18, no. 03n04 (March 26, 2019): 1940015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x19400155.

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We analyze the magnetization versus magnetic field curves of Fe-based nanoparticles embedded inside CNT. Measurements were performed at different temperatures and orientations of the magnetic field. We demonstrate that, for the parallel field the magnetic anisotropy dominates and the coherent anisotropy is of great importance at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the exchange coupling becomes stronger, but the coherent anisotropy still occurs. For the perpendicular field, the coherence anisotropy is absent, and the dimensionality of the system reduces to 2D. The results are discussed in the framework of the correlation functions of the magnetic anisotropy axes.

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Iwano, Kaoru, Chiharu Mitsumata, and Kanta Ono. "2-D Magnetic Domain Patterns on Thin Films With Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 52, no. 7 (July 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2016.2528979.

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Zhou, Sai, Yiyue Wang, and Yaowen Liu. "Modelling of Magnetic Stray Fields in Multilayer Magnetic Films with In-Plane or Perpendicular Anisotropy." Magnetochemistry 8, no. 11 (November 19, 2022): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8110159.

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The magnetic stray field is an unavoidable consequence of magnetic multilayers, which may have a significant influence on the performance of spintronic devices. Based on Maxwell’s magnetostatics theory, here we numerically calculated the distributions of magnetic stray fields and self-demagnetizing fields in a series of patterned multilayer thin-film structures with either an in-plane or a perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnetic layer. The stray field above the ferromagnetic layer is inhomogeneous, showing the dramatic changes near the sample edge, but the uniformity in the center region could be improved with the increasing sample size. The stray field strength tends to zero for large samples, increases with the increase in the hard-layer thickness, and decreases with the increase in the distance D away from the ferromagnetic layer. In the multilayer samples, the separately simulated stray field and self-demagnetizing field within the soft layer agree well with the classic magnetostatic relationship of B=μ0(Hd+M). For the in-plane magnetized trilayer sample, the magnetic-flux density within the soft ferromagnetic layer slightly decreases in the antiparallel magnetization alignment and increases in the parallel alignment state with the increase in the intermediate non-magnetic-layer thickness. In contrast, for the sample with the perpendicular magnetization, the magnetic-flux density decreases as the non-magnetic layer is thickened for both the antiparallel and parallel state. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the design of thin-film spintronic devices.

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Ren, Tian Yi, Rui Hong Wang, and Tian Liang Wang. "Magnetic Properties and Crystal Structure of (Fe,Ni)₂( P,Si) Quaternaries of Fe₂P-Type." Materials Science Forum 1001 (July 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1001.53.

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(Fe,Ni)2(P,Si) compounds were synthesized and characterized. Ni substitution in Fe1.95-xNixP0.7Si0.3 is found to favor the formation of Fe2P-type hexagonal structure. The samples appear nearly single phase. Powder oriented in the magnetic field shows a pronounced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with c axis as the easy axis. Magnetization measurements carried out along and perpendicular to the c crystal axis demonstrate a significant magnetic anisotropy, making these materials potential candidates for permanent magnet applications. We found that (Fe,Ni)2(P,Si) compound has no remanent magnetic field and coercivity, but it has a large magnetocrystalline anisotropy at room temperature. Therefore, doping Fe2P type compounds with a small amount of Ni and Si may be a promising way to create new materials with large magnetocrystalline anisotropy at room temperature, and thus rare-earth free permanent magnet.

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Bertero, G. A., and R. Sinclair. "Grain separation enhanced magnetic coercivity in Pt/Co multilayers." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 1038–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100151027.

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Pt/Co multilayers displaying perpendicular (out-of-plane) magnetic anisotropy and 100% perpendicular remanent magnetization are strong candidates as magnetic media for the next generation of magneto-optic recording devices. The magnetic coercivity, Hc, and uniaxial anisotropy energy, Ku, are two important materials parameters, among others, in the quest to achieving higher recording densities with acceptable signal to noise ratios (SNR). The relationship between Ku and Hc in these films is not a simple one since features such as grain boundaries, for example, can have a strong influence on Hc but affect Ku only in a secondary manner. In this regard grain boundary separation provides a way to minimize the grain-to-grain magnetic coupling which is known to result in larger coercivities and improved SNR as has been discussed extensively in the literature for conventional longitudinal recording media.We present here results from the deposition of two Pt/Co/Tb multilayers (A and B) which show significant differences in their coercive fields.

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