Journal articles: 'Magnetic-manipulation system'

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Chang, Ming, Jacque Lynn Gabayno, Ming Yi Chang, Yu Hao Lin, and Ke Wei Huang. "Magnetic Field-Driven Manipulation System and its Applications in Micromixing and Microablation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 736 (March 2015): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.736.152.

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This study showcases two independent magnetic manipulation systems to remotely control the movement of Fe3O4 nanomaterial in microfluidic chips. One system utilizes a homogeneous rotating magnetic field to carry out magnetic stirring in 100 μm and 300 μm flow channels. The mixing results of this system revealed that adding Fe3O4 nanoparticles to the solution enhances the efficiency of the micromixer by twice as much that of a device without the nanomaterial. The second manipulation system utilizes oscillating magnetic field for rapid microablation of thrombus in a microchannel. A customizable magnetic platform using 3D-printed material is also constructed. This is proposed as a feasible low-cost and portable magnetic manipulation device that can implement both applications.

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Guckenberger, David J., Hannah M. Pezzi, Mary C. Regier, Scott M. Berry, Kevin Fawcett, Kevin Barrett, and David J. Beebe. "Magnetic System for Automated Manipulation of Paramagnetic Particles." Analytical Chemistry 88, no. 20 (October 3, 2016): 9902–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02257.

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Abu-Nimeh, F. T., and F. M. Salem. "An Integrated Open-Cavity System for Magnetic Bead Manipulation." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 7, no. 1 (February 2013): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2012.2191151.

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Im, Seyeong, Sungjun Kim, Joongho Yun, and Jaekwang Nam. "Robot-Aided Magnetic Navigation System for Wireless Capsule Manipulation." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (January 20, 2023): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020269.

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Magnetic navigation systems (MNSs) have been developed to use in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal problems. However, most conventional magnetic navigation systems are expensive and have structural problems because of their large weights and volumes. Therefore, this paper proposes C-Mag, a novel compact MNS composed of two electromagnets and a robotic arm. The two electromagnets generate a planar magnetic field, and the robotic arm rotates and translates the electromagnets to manipulate the magnetic capsule in a large 3-dimensional (3-D) space. The C-Mag design considers the payload of the robotic arm and the capacity of the power supply unit. Under these limited conditions, the C-Mag was optimized to generate the maximum magnetic field considering several major factors. Finally, the C-Mag was constructed, and the maximum magnetic field that could be generated in one direction was 18.65 mT in the downward direction. Additionally, the maximum rotating magnetic field was 13.21 mT, which was used to manipulate the capsule. The performance was verified by measuring the generated magnetic field, and it matched well with the simulated result. Additionally, the path-following experiment of the magnetic capsule showed that the proposed C-Mag can effectively manipulate the magnetic capsule in 3-D space using the robotic arm. This study is expected to contribute to the further development of magnetic navigation systems to treat gastrointestinal problems.

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Yu, Chang-Ho, and Sung Hoon Kim. "Multifunctional Robotic Guidewire System using Spiral-type Magnetic Microrobot with Magnetic Manipulation." Journal of Magnetics 21, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2016.21.4.616.

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Lee, H., Y. Liu, R. M. Westervelt, and D. Ham. "IC/Microfluidic Hybrid System for Magnetic Manipulation of Biological Cells." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 41, no. 6 (June 2006): 1471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2006.874331.

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FISHER, J. K., L. VICCI, J. CRIBB, E. T. O'BRIEN, R. M. TAYLOR, and R. SUPERFINE. "MAGNETIC FORCE MICROMANIPULATION SYSTEMS FOR THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES." Nano 01, no. 03 (November 2006): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292006000276.

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Manipulation systems using magnetic field gradients have the ability to apply a large range of forces noninvasively to a specific target. Depending on the requirements of a given experiment, the systems may be as simple as a single electromagnet for unidirectional manipulation or as complex as a high-frequency three-dimensional manipulator with force feedback. Here, we discuss the motivation for developing such systems, theory and design considerations, and give examples of the broad range of manipulators that has been put to use. In addition, we discuss a variety of applications demonstrating the range of experiments for which such a system is applicable.

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Xie, Hui, Mengmeng Sun, Xinjian Fan, Zhihua Lin, Weinan Chen, Lei Wang, Lixin Dong, and Qiang He. "Reconfigurable magnetic microrobot swarm: Multimode transformation, locomotion, and manipulation." Science Robotics 4, no. 28 (March 20, 2019): eaav8006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aav8006.

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Swimming microrobots that are energized by external magnetic fields exhibit a variety of intriguing collective behaviors, ranging from dynamic self-organization to coherent motion; however, achieving multiple, desired collective modes within one colloidal system to emulate high environmental adaptability and enhanced tasking capabilities of natural swarms is challenging. Here, we present a strategy that uses alternating magnetic fields to program hematite colloidal particles into liquid, chain, vortex, and ribbon-like microrobotic swarms and enables fast and reversible transformations between them. The chain is characterized by passing through confined narrow channels, and the herring school–like ribbon procession is capable of large-area synchronized manipulation, whereas the colony-like vortex can aggregate at a high density toward coordinated handling of heavy loads. Using the developed discrete particle simulation methods, we investigated generation mechanisms of these four swarms, as well as the “tank-treading” motion of the chain and vortex merging. In addition, the swarms can be programmed to steer in any direction with excellent maneuverability, and the vortex’s chirality can be rapidly switched with high pattern stability. This reconfigurable microrobot swarm can provide versatile collective modes to address environmental variations or multitasking requirements; it has potential to investigate fundamentals in living systems and to serve as a functional bio-microrobot system for biomedicine.

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Zhang, Ning, Qiang Guo, Wen Ye, Rui Feng, and Heng Yuan. "Temperature Fluctuations Compensation with Multi-Frequency Synchronous Manipulation for a NV Magnetometer in Fiber-Optic Scheme." Sensors 22, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 5218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145218.

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Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds play a large role in advanced quantum sensing with solid-state spins for potential miniaturized and portable application scenarios. With the temperature sensitivity of NV centers, the temperature fluctuations caused by the unknown environment and the system itself will mix with the magnetic field measurement. In this research, the temperature-sensitive characteristics of different diamonds, alongside the temperature noise generated by a measurement system, were tested and analyzed with a homemade NV magnetometer in a fiber-optic scheme. In this work, a multi-frequency synchronous manipulation method for resonating with the NV centers in all axial directions was proposed to compensate for the temperature fluctuations in a fibered NV magnetic field sensing scheme. The symmetrical features of the resonance lines of the NV centers, the common-mode fluctuations including temperature fluctuations, underwent effective compensation and elimination. The fluorescence change was reduced to 1.0% by multi-frequency synchronous manipulation from 5.5% of the single-frequency manipulation within a ±2 °C temperature range. Additionally, the multi-frequency synchronous manipulation improved the fluorescence contrast and the magnetic field measurement SNR through an omnidirectional manipulation scheme. It was very important to compensate for the temperature fluctuations, caused by both internal and external factors, to make use of the NV magnetometer in fiber-optic schemes’ practicality. This work will promote the rapid development and widespread applications of quantum sensing based on various systems and principles.

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Ullrich, Franziska, Stefano Fusco, George Chatzipirpiridis,, Salvador Pané, and Bradley J. Nelson. "Recent Progress in Magnetically Actuated Microrobotics for Ophthalmic Therapies." European Ophthalmic Review 08, no. 02 (2014): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eor.2014.08.02.120.

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Age-related visual loss and ageing demographics account for a large impact on societal health costs on a global scale. Efficient ocular surgery must be precise, safe and cost effective. Current research focuses on robotic systems to assist in ophthalmic surgery. Furthermore, several platforms for drug delivery in the posterior segment of the eye have been introduced. Moreover, magnetic manipulation of tethered and untethered structures has been suggested to assist in teleoperated ophthalmic surgery and targeted drug delivery in the posterior eye due to its many advantages. Magnetic manipulation systems generate magnetic fields and gradients to guide magnetic objects with high precision and force feedback. A hybrid actuation system for guiding a flexible catheter with a sharp edge magnetic tip has been introduced for capsulorhexis a major step in cataract surgery. Research has demonstrated the potential of wireless magnetic microrobots for targeted drug delivery and simple mechanical operations in the posterior eye segment inex vivoandin vivoexperiments.

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Wang, X., C. Ho, Y. Tsatskis, J. Law, Z. Zhang, M. Zhu, C. Dai, et al. "Intracellular manipulation and measurement with multipole magnetic tweezers." Science Robotics 4, no. 28 (March 13, 2019): eaav6180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aav6180.

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The capability to directly interrogate intracellular structures inside a single cell for measurement and manipulation is important for understanding subcellular and suborganelle activities, diagnosing diseases, and developing new therapeutic approaches. Compared with measurements of single cells, physical measurement and manipulation of subcellular structures and organelles remain underexplored. To improve intracellular physical measurement and manipulation, we have developed a multipole magnetic tweezers system for micromanipulation involving submicrometer position control and piconewton force control of a submicrometer magnetic bead inside a single cell for measurement in different locations (spatial) and different time points (temporal). The bead was three-dimensionally positioned in the cell using a generalized predictive controller that addresses the control challenge caused by the low bandwidth of visual feedback from high-resolution confocal imaging. The average positioning error was quantified to be 0.4 μm, slightly larger than the Brownian motion–imposed constraint (0.31 μm). The system is also capable of applying a force up to 60 pN with a resolution of 4 pN for a period of time longer than 30 min. The measurement results revealed that significantly higher stiffness exists in the nucleus’ major axis than in the minor axis. This stiffness polarity is likely attributed to the aligned actin filament. We also showed that the nucleus stiffens upon the application of an intracellularly applied force, which can be attributed to the response of structural protein lamin A/C and the intracellular stress fiber actin filaments.

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Spero, Richard Chasen, Leandra Vicci, Jeremy Cribb, David Bober, Vinay Swaminathan, E. Timothy O’Brien, Stephen L. Rogers, and R. Superfine. "High throughput system for magnetic manipulation of cells, polymers, and biomaterials." Review of Scientific Instruments 79, no. 8 (August 2008): 083707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2976156.

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Hewlin, Rodward L., Maegan Edwards, and Christopher Schultz. "Design and Development of a Traveling Wave Ferro-Microfluidic Device and System Rig for Potential Magnetophoretic Cell Separation and Sorting in a Water-Based Ferrofluid." Micromachines 14, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14040889.

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The timely detection and diagnosis of diseases and accurate monitoring of specific genetic conditions require rapid and accurate separation, sorting, and direction of target cell types toward a sensor device surface. In that regard, cellular manipulation, separation, and sorting are progressively finding application potential within various bioassay applications such as medical disease diagnosis, pathogen detection, and medical testing. The aim of this paper is to present the design and development of a simple traveling wave ferro-microfluidic device and system rig purposed for the potential manipulation and magnetophoretic separation of cells in water-based ferrofluids. This paper details in full: (1) a method for tailoring cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for specific diameter size ranges (10–20 nm), (2) the development of a ferro-microfluidic device for potentially separating cells and magnetic nanoparticles, (3) the development of a water-based ferrofluid with magnetic nanoparticles and non-magnetic microparticles, and (4) the design and development of a system rig for producing the electric field within the ferro-microfluidic channel device for magnetizing and manipulating nonmagnetic particles in the ferro-microfluidic channel. The results reported in this work demonstrate a proof of concept for magnetophoretic manipulation and separation of magnetic and non-magnetic particles in a simple ferro-microfluidic device. This work is a design and proof-of-concept study. The design reported in this model is an improvement over existing magnetic excitation microfluidic system designs in that heat is efficiently removed from the circuit board to allow a range of input currents and frequencies to manipulate non-magnetic particles. Although this work did not analyze the separation of cells from magnetic particles, the results demonstrate that non-magnetic (surrogates for cellular materials) and magnetic entities can be separated and, in some cases, continuously pushed through the channel based on amperage, size, frequency, and electrode spacing. The results reported in this work establish that the developed ferro-microfluidic device may potentially be used as an effective platform for microparticle and cellular manipulation and sorting.

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Silverio, Vania, Miguel Amaral, João Gaspar, Susana Cardoso, and Paulo P. Freitas. "Manipulation of Magnetic Beads with Thin Film Microelectromagnet Traps." Micromachines 10, no. 9 (September 13, 2019): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10090607.

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Integration of point-of-care assays can be facilitated with the use of actuated magnetic beads (MB) to perform testing in less expensive settings to enable the delivery of cost-effective care. In this paper we present six different designs of planar microelectromagnets traps (MEMT) with four external coils in series and one central coil connected for an opposite direction of manipulation of MB in microfluidic flows. The development of a simulation tool facilitated the rapid and efficient optimization of designs by presenting the influence of system variables on real time concentrations of MB. Real time experiments are in good agreement with the simulations and showed that the design enabled synchronous concentration and dispersion of MB on the same MEMT. The yield of local concentration is seen to be highly dependent on coil design. Additional coil turns between the central and external coils (inter-windings) doubled magnetic concentration and repulsion with no significant electrical resistance increase. The assemblage of a copper microchannel closed loop cooling system to the coils successfully eliminated the thermal drift promoted by joule heating generated by applied current.

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Osinde, Nahashon O., Maxime Etiévant, Jean Bosco Byiringiro, and Nicolas Andreff. "Calibration of a multi-mobile coil magnetic manipulation system utilizing a control-oriented magnetic model." Mechatronics 84 (June 2022): 102774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2022.102774.

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Batgerel, Tumurbaatar, Afeesh Rajan Unnithan, Chan-Hee Park, and Cheol Sang Kim. "Design and development of an electro magnetic manipulation system to actuate bioengineered magnetic micro/nanoparticles." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 32, no. 4 (April 2018): 1693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-018-0326-2.

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Hong, Jin-Su, Sangwon Lee, and Jung-Ik Ha. "Control Method in Minimum Infinity-Norm Approach for Multicoil Magnetic Manipulation System." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 58, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2021.3123093.

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Tsuchiya, Hiroyoshi, Mina Okochi, Nobuhiro Nagao, Mitsuhiro Shikida, and Hiroyuki Honda. "On-chip polymerase chain reaction microdevice employing a magnetic droplet-manipulation system." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 130, no. 2 (March 28, 2008): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2007.10.014.

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Craig, David, and Mir Behrad Khamesee. "Motion control of a large gap magnetic suspension system for microrobotic manipulation." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 40, no. 11 (May 18, 2007): 3277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/40/11/004.

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Fan, Qigao, Jiawei Lu, Jie Jia, and Juntian Qu. "2D Magnetic Manipulation of a Micro-Robot in Glycerin Using Six Pairs of Magnetic Coils." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (December 4, 2022): 2144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122144.

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This paper demonstrates the control system of a single magnetic micro-robot driven by combined coils. The combined coils consist of three pairs of Helmholtz coils and three pairs of Maxwell coils. The rotating magnetic field, gradient magnetic field, and combined magnetic field model of the combined coils were analyzed. To make the output magnetic field quickly converge to the reference point without steady-state error, the discrete-time optimal controller was designed based on the auto disturbance rejection technology. We have designed a closed-loop controller based on a position servo. The control system includes the position control and direction control of the micro-robot. To address problems with slow sampling frequency in visual feedback and inability to feed real-time position back to the control system, a Kalman filter algorithm was used to predict the position of the micro-robot in two-dimensional space. Simulations and experiments were carried out based on the proposed structure of combined coils and control scheme. The experimental results demonstrated the uniformity and excellent dynamic performance of the generated magnetic field.

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Banis, Georgios, Konstantinos Tyrovolas, Spyridon Angelopoulos, Angelo Ferraro, and Evangelos Hristoforou. "Pushing of Magnetic Microdroplet Using Electromagnetic Actuation System." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020371.

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Treatment of certain diseases requires the administration of drugs at specific areas of tissues and/or organs to increase therapy effectiveness and avoid side effects that may harm the rest of the body. Drug targeting is a research field that uses various techniques to administrate therapies at specific areas of the body, including magnetic systems able to drive nano “vehicles”, as well as magnetically labeled molecules, in human body fluids and tissues. Most available actuation systems can only attract magnetic elements in a relatively small workspace, limiting drug target applications to superficial tissues, and leaving no alternative cases where deep targeting is necessary. In this paper, we propose an electromagnetic actuation system able to push and deflect magnetic particles at distance of ~10 cm, enabling the manipulation of magnetic nano- and microparticles, as well as administration of drugs in tissues, which are not eligible for localized drug targeting with state-of-the-art systems. Laboratory experiments and modeling were conducted to prove the effectiveness of the proposed system. By further implementing our device, areas of the human body that previously were impossible to treat with magnetically labeled materials such as drugs, cells, and small molecules can now be accessible using the described system.

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Chah, Ahmed, and Karim Belharet. "Tele-Guidance of a Soft Magnetic Microrobot Transported by a Fluid in a Vascular Network." Actuators 12, no. 7 (July 12, 2023): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12070283.

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Electromagnetic actuation represents a novel wireless control approach utilized for the manipulation of magnetic microrobots, particularly in the context of diverse minimally invasive therapeutic applications. This study presented contributions relating to the integration of a human operator into the control system of an electromagnetic actuation framework through haptic assistance. The intervention of a human operator serves multiple purposes, encompassing the safe piloting of the microrobot during the procedure and the utilization of the doctor’s expertise. Consequently, this human-in-the-loop approach not only ensures heightened safety but also enhances public acceptability, particularly in the realm of drug delivery within the human body. To facilitate these objectives, a haptic device was proposed to propel and orient the microrobots within blood vessels, thereby enabling their targeted delivery. Additionally, a novel magnetic guidance strategy was introduced, relying on the utilization of two magnetic forces to simplify and optimize the guidance process. The electromagnetic actuation system, developed in our research laboratory, offers a comprehensive workspace that has been obtained through analytical and quantitative modeling of the magnetic field generated by the system. With an accessible workspace encompassing a cubic volume of 70 mm in length, the system facilitates easy access from all four lateral sides. Such an architectural design allows for efficient manipulation of microparticles within a significantly larger 3D workspace, surpassing the limitations imposed by traditional systems primarily confined to a small central area, as observed in existing literature. Experimental evaluations encompassing both 2D and 3D scenarios were conducted to validate the efficacy of the magnetic navigation platform.

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Kato, Amami, Toshiki Yoshimine, Toru Hayakawa, Yoshiaki Tomita, Takuya Ikeda, Masanori Mitomo, Koushi Harada, and Heitaro Mogami. "A frameless, armless navigational system for computer-assisted neurosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 74, no. 5 (May 1991): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1991.74.5.0845.

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✓ A computer-assisted neurosurgical navigational system has been developed which displays intraoperative manipulation on the preoperative computerized tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance (MR) images. The system consists of a three-dimensional digitizer, a personal computer, and an image-processing unit. Utilizing recently developed magnetic field modulation technology, the three-dimensional digitizer determines the spatial position and orientation angles of the resin probe, triangle-shaped pointer, or suction tube with a small attached magnetic field sensor. Four fiducial markers on the scalp were used to translate the spatial data of the probe onto the preoperative CT scans or MR images of the patient. With this frameless, armless navigational system, CT or MR-imaging stereotaxy can be applied to conventional open neurosurgery without limiting the operative field or interfering with the surgical procedures.

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Hoang, Manh Cuong, Jayoung Kim, Jong-Oh Park, and Chang-Sei Kim. "Optimized magnetic field control of an electromagnetic actuation system for enhanced microrobot manipulation." Mechatronics 85 (August 2022): 102830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2022.102830.

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Grady, M. Sean, Matthew A. Howard, Ralph G. Dacey, Walter Blume, Michael Lawson, Peter Werp, and Rogers C. Ritter. "Experimental study of the magnetic stereotaxis system for catheter manipulation within the brain." Journal of Neurosurgery 93, no. 2 (August 2000): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2000.93.2.0282.

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Object. The magnetic stereotaxis system (MSS) is a device designed to direct catheter tips through magnetic forces. In this study the authors tested the safety and performance of the MSS in directing catheters through a nonlinear path to obtain biopsy specimens in pig brains.Methods. Sixteen pigs underwent biopsy of the frontal brain region with the aid of an MSS (11 pigs) or a standard stereotactic biopsy tool (five pigs). Surgical preparation consisted of placement of six fiducial markers in the skull and the creation of a burr hole for attachment of a cranial bolt and passage of the biopsy catheter. The pigs underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the head to define a biopsy target and to plan a nonlinear path. Guided by the MSS, which used nearly real-time fluoroscopic imaging fused to the preoperative MR image, the authors advanced a catheter to the biopsy target. A biopsy tool was passed through the catheter and a tissue sample was obtained. The animals were observed for 3 to 5 days postoperatively, when they were assessed for neurological abnormalities or other signs of morbidity. Actual catheter placement was within 1.5 mm of the planned path to the biopsy site, using a minimum path radius of 30 mm. The registration error associated with the use of the MSS x-ray fluoroscopy and MR imaging averaged 1.7 mm. Tissue disruption caused by the MSS was similar to that of standard stereotactic procedures.Conclusions. The MSS affords accurate and safe guidance of brain catheters in animals. The application tested here, brain biopsy, is one of a number of potential catheter-guided procedures.

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Agiotis, L., I. Theodorakos, S. Samothrakitis, S. Papazoglou, I. Zergioti, and Y. S. Raptis. "Magnetic manipulation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in a microfluidic system for drug delivery applications." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 401 (March 2016): 956–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.10.111.

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Lee, Jun, and Jung-Ik Ha. "Direction Priority Control Method for Magnetic Manipulation System in Current and Voltage Limits." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 64, no. 4 (April 2017): 2914–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2633231.

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Lehmann, U., D. de Courten, C. Vandevyver, V. K. Parashar, and M. A. M. Gijs. "On-chip antibody handling and colorimetric detection in a magnetic droplet manipulation system." Microelectronic Engineering 84, no. 5-8 (May 2007): 1669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2007.01.212.

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Liu, Dan, Xiaoming Liu, Pengyun Li, Xiaoqing Tang, Masaru Kojima, Qiang Huang, and Tatsuo Arai. "Magnetic Driven Two-Finger Micro-Hand with Soft Magnetic End-Effector for Force-Controlled Stable Manipulation in Microscale." Micromachines 12, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040410.

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In recent years, micromanipulators have provided the ability to interact with micro-objects in industrial and biomedical fields. However, traditional manipulators still encounter challenges in gaining the force feedback at the micro-scale. In this paper, we present a micronewton force-controlled two-finger microhand with a soft magnetic end-effector for stable grasping. In this system, a homemade electromagnet was used as the driving device to execute micro-objects manipulation. There were two soft end-effectors with diameters of 300 μm. One was a fixed end-effector that was only made of hydrogel, and the other one was a magnetic end-effector that contained a uniform mixture of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and paramagnetic particles. The magnetic force on the soft magnetic end-effector was calibrated using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe. The performance tests demonstrated that the magnetically driven soft microhand had a grasping range of 0–260 μm, which allowed a clamping force with a resolution of 0.48 μN. The stable grasping capability of the magnetically driven soft microhand was validated by grasping different sized microbeads, transport under different velocities, and assembly of microbeads. The proposed system enables force-controlled manipulation, and we believe it has great potential in biological and industrial micromanipulation.

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Brablc, Martin, Jan Žegklitz, Robert Grepl, and Robert Babuška. "Control of Magnetic Manipulator Using Reinforcement Learning Based on Incrementally Adapted Local Linear Models." Complexity 2021 (December 20, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6617309.

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Reinforcement learning (RL) agents can learn to control a nonlinear system without using a model of the system. However, having a model brings benefits, mainly in terms of a reduced number of unsuccessful trials before achieving acceptable control performance. Several modelling approaches have been used in the RL domain, such as neural networks, local linear regression, or Gaussian processes. In this article, we focus on techniques that have not been used much so far: symbolic regression (SR), based on genetic programming and local modelling. Using measured data, symbolic regression yields a nonlinear, continuous-time analytic model. We benchmark two state-of-the-art methods, SNGP (single-node genetic programming) and MGGP (multigene genetic programming), against a standard incremental local regression method called RFWR (receptive field weighted regression). We have introduced modifications to the RFWR algorithm to better suit the low-dimensional continuous-time systems we are mostly dealing with. The benchmark is a nonlinear, dynamic magnetic manipulation system. The results show that using the RL framework and a suitable approximation method, it is possible to design a stable controller of such a complex system without the necessity of any haphazard learning. While all of the approximation methods were successful, MGGP achieved the best results at the cost of higher computational complexity. Index Terms–AI-based methods, local linear regression, nonlinear systems, magnetic manipulation, model learning for control, optimal control, reinforcement learning, symbolic regression.

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Chen, Jie, Jingyu Zhang, Tianyu Jiang, Yu Dang, and Jianda Han. "Design and Analysis of an MRI-Compatible Soft Needle Manipulator." Actuators 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2024): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act13020059.

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Needle manipulation with the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a key role in minimally invasive procedures such as biopsy and ablation. However, the confined bore and strong magnetic field of the MR environment pose great challenges in developing a robotic system that fulfills the needle manipulation function. This paper presents the design and analysis of a soft needle manipulator (SoNIM) that can achieve needle manipulation in the MR environment. This pneumatically actuated manipulator consists of two bending actuators and one elongation actuator that are completely made of non-magnetic materials. These soft pneumatic actuators can generate flexible movements while maintaining a compact design, ensuring that the SoNIM is accommodated within the MRI bore. The kinematic modeling and closed-loop control of the SoNIM are investigated to achieve the position control of the needle tip. Experiments showed that the SoNIM was capable of directing the needle tip to reach the targets with a satisfactory accuracy of 2.9 ± 0.98 mm. Furthermore, the functionality and MRI compatibility of the SoNIM were validated in the clinical setting, demonstrating the capability of the SoNIM to perform needle manipulation in the MRI bore with negligible degradation to the image quality. With excellent MRI compatibility, compact design, and flexible movements, the SoNIM provides a promising solution for manipulating surgical needles in MRI-guided minimally invasive surgeries.

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Assefa, Gezahegn. "Electric Field Controlled Itinerant Carrier Spin Polarization in Ferromagnetic Semiconductors." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2021 (July 12, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6663876.

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Electric field control of magnetic properties has been achieved across a number of different material systems. In diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs), ferromagnetic metals, multiferroics, etc., electrical manipulation of magnetism has been observed. Here, we study the effect of an electric field on the carrier spin polarization in DMSs ( GaAsMn ); in particular, emphasis is given to spin-dependent transport phenomena. In our system, the interaction between the carriers and the localized spins in the presence of electric field is taken as the main interaction. Our results show that the electric field plays a major role on the spin polarization of carriers in the system. This is important for spintronics application.

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Stanciu, Anda Elena, Gabriel Schinteie, Andrei Cristian Kuncser, Claudiu Locovei, Lucian Trupina, Nicusor Iacob, Aurel Leca, Bogdana Borca, and Victor Kuncser. "Magnetic Properties of Nanosized Fe and FeCo Systems on Trenched Mo Templates." Coatings 12, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12091366.

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The manipulation of magnetic anisotropy represents the fundamental prerequisite for the application of magnetic materials. Here we present the vectorial magnetic properties of nanostructured systems and thin films of Fe and FeCo prepared on linearly trenched Mo templates with thermally controlled periodicity. The magnetic properties of the nanosystems are engineered by tuning the shape, size, thickness, and composition parameters of the thin films. Thus, we control coercivity, magnetization, orientation of the easy axis of magnetization, and the long-range magnetic order of the system in the function of the temperature. We distinguish magnetic components that emerge from the complex morpho-structural features of the undulating Fe or FeCo nanostructured films on trenched Mo templates: (i) assembly of magnetic nanowires and (ii) assembly of magnetic islands/clusters. Uniaxial anisotropy at room temperature was proven, characterized, and explained in the case of all systems. Our work contributes to the understanding of magnetic properties necessary for possible further applications of linear systems and undulated thin films.

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Zhou, Hai-Tao, Shu-Yun Xie, Xin Li, Dan Wang, Bao-Dong Yang, and Jun-Xiang Zhang. "Manipulation of optical nonreciprocity in hot atom-cavity system." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 54, no. 19 (October 6, 2021): 195001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ac329f.

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Abstract Hot atoms can exhibit non-magnetic optical non-reciprocal transmission due to their chiral properties, which are characteristic of most alkali metal atoms. In fact, the nonreciprocity in hot atoms depends on the propagation direction of the coupling field due to the Doppler effect. Herein, the reciprocal to non-reciprocal conversion based on the single- and double-dark states is realized by controlling the bidirectional coupling fields in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparent medium coupled with a ring cavity. Tuning the frequency difference between the two coupling fields causes the multi-frequency-channel reciprocity and nonreciprocity manipulation to occur. The experimental proof can be applied to quantum communications and quantum networks, such as optical transistors, all-optical switching or routing and logic gate operation.

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Wu, T., X. Peng, and H. Guo. "Light shift manipulation and suppression in a double pass optical-magnetic double resonance system." Laser Physics 24, no. 10 (August 5, 2014): 106001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1054-660x/24/10/106001.

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Popescu, D., B. Popescu, P. Lugli, and S. Locci. "A Magnetic Manipulation System Using an Active Filter for Electronic Detection of Target Cells." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 6, no. 4 (August 2012): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2012.2184540.

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Shikida, Mitsuhiro, Noriyuki Inagaki, Mina Okochi, Hiroyuki Honda, and Kazuo Sato. "Fabrication of a pen-shaped portable biochemical reaction system based on magnetic bead manipulation." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 21, no. 6 (May 20, 2011): 067006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/21/6/067006.

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Tumurbaatar, Batgerel, Chan-Hee Park, Jun Hee Lee, and Cheol Sang Kim. "Controls of Trajectories for Targeting of Magnetic Robotics in body." Embedded Selforganising Systems 4, no. 1 (December 7, 2017): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14464/ess41197.

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This paper presents a novel method to actively control magnetic field in a region-of-interest using three pairs electromagnetic coils system referred to here as extended distributed treatment Robotics. The developed controls of trajectories for targeting of magnetic robotics in body system contains hardware, software and magnetic Robotics/nanoscale material and the in vitro manipulation in real time. In this study, we used six identical solenoids coil placed on an XYZ-axis and the electromagnet was powered by current that can generate a high-gradient magnetic field in the desired direction. Real-time video microscopy supported by the LabVIEW vision system is integrated into the developed system for real-time monitoring. Moreover, the detection of object function is done through NI Vision Assistant, tracking function is through Math Script node in the LabVIEW simulation and ROI magnetic field actual measurement is done by the real-time magnetic sensor. The motion speed and direction of the Magnetic Robotics can also be manipulated using EMM system and Joystick controller.

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Manamanchaiyaporn, Laliphat, Tiantian Xu, and Xinyu Wu. "An Optimal Design of an Electromagnetic Actuation System towards a Large Homogeneous Magnetic Field and Accessible Workspace for Magnetic Manipulation." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040911.

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Untethered nano-/microrobots have been appealing to biomedical applications under magnetic guidance. Numerous actuation systems are specifically designed to generate either uniform or non-uniform fields which are unable to support all actuating mechanisms of magnetic robots. The size of their accessible space does not enable applications in life sciences (e.g., placing around human parts for tasks or an in vivo experiment in animals). Moreover, homogeneity of uniform magnetic fields is limited in a small region. Here, we propose an electromagnetic coil system that is optimally designed based on numerical simulation investigations to derestrict the mentioned constraints. The built-up system provides a large bore in which magnetic field generation by passing a 10 A current is strong enough for nano-/micromanipulation switchable between uniformity in a large-homogeneous region about 50-mm-wide along the x- and y-axes and 80-mm-wide along the z-axis, and with a non-uniformity of about 12 mT with 100 mT/m. It experimentally carries out potential and versatile controls to manipulate several commonly used microrobots that require a particular type of magnetic field to perform multi-DOF locomotion in diverse viscous environments. (e.g., helical propulsion by rotating magnetic field in the 3D-large workspace and in the complex network path, side-to-side sweeping-slip locomotion by oscillating fields, translation and rocking-slip locomotion by gradient-based fields). Besides, the system can be reproduced into any accessible space size regarding the square coil size to support diverse applications and guarantee the result in both uniformity of magnetic field in the large homogeneous region and a sufficiently strong gradient over the workspace.

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Bae, Y., K. Yang, P. Willke, T. Choi, A. J. Heinrich, and C. P. Lutz. "Enhanced quantum coherence in exchange coupled spins via singlet-triplet transitions." Science Advances 4, no. 11 (November 2018): eaau4159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau4159.

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Manipulation of spin states at the single-atom scale underlies spin-based quantum information processing and spintronic devices. These applications require protection of the spin states against quantum decoherence due to interactions with the environment. While a single spin is easily disrupted, a coupled-spin system can resist decoherence by using a subspace of states that is immune to magnetic field fluctuations. Here, we engineered the magnetic interactions between the electron spins of two spin-1/2 atoms to create a “clock transition” and thus enhance their spin coherence. To construct and electrically access the desired spin structures, we use atom manipulation combined with electron spin resonance (ESR) in a scanning tunneling microscope. We show that a two-level system composed of a singlet state and a triplet state is insensitive to local and global magnetic field noise, resulting in much longer spin coherence times compared with individual atoms. Moreover, the spin decoherence resulting from the interaction with tunneling electrons is markedly reduced by a homodyne readout of ESR. These results demonstrate that atomically precise spin structures can be designed and assembled to yield enhanced quantum coherence.

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Punyabrahma, P., R. Bathe, and G. R. Jayanth. "Micro-ring based manipulation of magnetized particles." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 045003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0072194.

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The micromanipulation of untethered magnetic particles facilitates actuation, assembly, and characterization of samples for micro- and nanotechnology applications. Conventionally, macro-scale electromagnets combined with visual servo control are employed to manipulate untethered particles. Here, we propose to employ a micro-ring actuator and a strategy based on parametric excitation for manipulation of magnetized particles against a surface in a liquid medium, which does not require visual feedback. Experimentally, the system has been employed to smoothly manipulate magnetic particles of diameter in the range 30–50 µm to move along predefined trajectories. Subsequently, the particles have been demonstrated to be manipulated into a conventionally inaccessible region beneath the re-entrant walls of a micromachined silicon chip.

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Wiltschko, W., and R. Wiltschko. "Magnetic orientation in birds." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.1.29.

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The magnetic field of the earth is an omnipresent, reliable source of orientational information. A magnetic compass has been demonstrated in 18 species of migrating birds. In all species studied with regard to its functional properties, it was found to be an 'inclination compass', i.e. the birds derive directional information from the inclination of the field lines, and thus distinguish between 'poleward' and 'equatorward' rather than 'north' and 'south'. Such a mechanism means that birds from the northern and southern hemisphere may rely on the same migratory programme. Long-distance migrants, however, face the problem that their magnetic compass gives bimodal information at the magnetic equator. Transfers of information between the magnetic field and celestial sources of directional information have been demonstrated; the two systems interact in a complex way. The data on the use of magnetic parameters for position finding are less clear. The experiments involve releases of homing pigeons; correlations of their orientation with natural variations in the magnetic field and the effects of magnetic manipulation reveal an enormous variability. The role of magnetic parameters in the multifactorial navigational system is poorly understood.

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Stipsitz, Martin, Georgios Kokkinis, Chinthaka Gooneratne, Jurgen Kosel, Susana Cardoso, Filipe Cardoso, and Ioanna Giouroudi. "Magnetic Microfluidic Platform for Biomedical Applications Using Magnetic Nanoparticles." Key Engineering Materials 644 (May 2015): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.644.207.

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Microfluidic platforms are well-suited for biomedical analysis and usually consist of a set of units which guarantee the manipulation, detection and recognition of bioanalyte in a reliable and flexible manner. Additionally, the use of magnetic fields for perfoming the aforementioned tasks has been steadily gainining interest. This is due to the fact that magnetic fields can be well tuned and applied either externally or from a directly integrated solution in the diagnostic system. In combination with these applied magnetic fields, magnetic nanoparticles are used. In this paper, we present some of our most recent results in research towards a) microfluidic diagnostics using MR sensors and magnetic particles and b) single cell analysis using magnetic particles. We have successfully manipulated magnetically labeled bacteria and measured their response with integrated GMR sensors and we have also managed to separate magnetically labeled jurkat cells for single cell analysis.

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Takubo, Tomohito, Takeshi Nakamura, Riko Sugiyama, and Atsushi Ueno. "Multifunctional Shelf and Magnetic Marker for Stock and Disposal Tasks in Convenience Stores." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 35, no. 1 (February 20, 2023): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2023.p0018.

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Product management using a multifunctional shelf, and manipulation using an electromagnet hand and a magnetic marker, are proposed for stock and disposal tasks. The multifunctional shelf manages the type, position, and number of products on the shelf, and plans display and disposal operations. The shelf provides directions to a mobile manipulator for moving products on the shelf according to the display and disposal plan. The proposed multifunctional shelf has a camera on each level that helps the mobile manipulator recognize the product. By optimizing the movement of products, the display and disposal work can be performed much more efficiently. To quickly grasp the product, a new manipulation strategy using a magnetic marker and an electromagnet hand is proposed. The electromagnet hand has two electromagnets and can quickly grasp and release the magnet marker by changing the S/N pole pair. Experiments using the proposed multifunctional shelf and electromagnet hand were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.

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Chen, X. G., J. B. Fu, C. Yun, Y. B. Yang, S. Q. Liu, C. S. Wang, H. L. Du, J. Z. Han, Y. C. Yang, and J. B. Yang. "The manipulation of magnetic properties by resistive switching effect in CeO2/La0.7(Sr0.1Ca0.9)0.3MnO3 system." Journal of Applied Physics 113, no. 17 (May 7, 2013): 17C708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4795214.

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Goldner*, P., and O. Guillot-Noël. "Magnetic interactions in Pr3+ : LiYF4for quantum manipulation : search for an efficient three-level Λ system." Molecular Physics 102, no. 11-12 (June 10, 2004): 1185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268970410001728744.

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Malik, Maaz Tahir, and Hafiz Muhammad Obaid. "Sampled-Data Nonlinear Control of ECP-730 Magnetic Levitation System." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2023-0003.

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Abstract This paper presents the idea of implementing various techniques related to sampled-data control for magnetic levitation systems. The control laws are designed to track time-varying signals and employ the feedback linearization technique based on the approximate discrete-time model. State feedback control is introduced with the gains adjusted via the pole placement method. A positional form proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control uses the trapezoidal summation for the integral term and the backward difference method for the derivative term. An input-output linearization feedback control is the most promising one, which incorporates the integrator in addition to the position error and velocity error. The integral action involves the manipulation of regulation error and reduces it with time to improve performance. Finally, controllers were tested in real time for practical demonstration along with a comparison for comprehensive analysis.

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Bongaerts, Maud, Koceila Aizel, Emilie Secret, Audric Jan, Tasmin Nahar, Fabian Raudzus, Sebastian Neumann, et al. "Parallelized Manipulation of Adherent Living Cells by Magnetic Nanoparticles-Mediated Forces." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 8, 2020): 6560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186560.

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The remote actuation of cellular processes such as migration or neuronal outgrowth is a challenge for future therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. Among the different methods that have been proposed, the use of magnetic nanoparticles appears to be promising, since magnetic fields can act at a distance without interactions with the surrounding biological system. To control biological processes at a subcellular spatial resolution, magnetic nanoparticles can be used either to induce biochemical reactions locally or to apply forces on different elements of the cell. Here, we show that cell migration and neurite outgrowth can be directed by the forces produced by a switchable parallelized array of micro-magnetic pillars, following the passive uptake of nanoparticles. Using live cell imaging, we first demonstrate that adherent cell migration can be biased toward magnetic pillars and that cells can be reversibly trapped onto these pillars. Second, using differentiated neuronal cells we were able to induce events of neurite outgrowth in the direction of the pillars without impending cell viability. Our results show that the range of forces applied needs to be adapted precisely to the cellular process under consideration. We propose that cellular actuation is the result of the force on the plasma membrane caused by magnetically filled endo-compartments, which exert a pulling force on the cell periphery.

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Askar, Sh, D. J. Jasim, A. H. Al-Rubaye, O. F. Shavkatjon Ugli, R. Singh, A. Kumar, A. R. Al-Tameemi, C. Rodriguez-Benites, E. R. Alwaily, and A. Alawadi. "Dynamics of induced optical torque via optical vortex light." Laser Physics Letters 21, no. 6 (April 18, 2024): 065203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ad3cbf.

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Abstract This paper investigates the dynamics of induced torque in Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers interacting with two weak optical vortex beams as well as a strong control field, exploring the impact of different system parameters such as control field intensity, detuning, magnetic field, and vortex beam strength. We find a dispersive torque behavior, indicating the sensitivity of NV centers to control parameters. Magnetic field induces level splitting, leading to a transformative effect on torque, with notable enhancements observed at specific intensities. Additionally, non-resonant torque is explored, demonstrating the controllability of torque peaks through magnetic field manipulation. Unequal strengths of vortex beams is found to yield substantial enhancements in torque. These results provide crucial insights into the induced torque dynamics in NV centers, presenting opportunities for optimized torque-based applications in quantum systems.

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Noelker, Georg, Klaus Gutleben, Johannes Heintze, Bogdan Muntean, Juergen Vogt, and Dieter Horstkotte. "INTEGRATION OF A NOVEL ROBOTIC LASSO-CATHETER MANIPULATION SYSTEM INTO REMOTE MAGNETIC ABLATION OF PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A COMPARISON TO MANUAL LASSO MANIPULATION." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 59, no. 13 (March 2012): E593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(12)60594-4.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Magnetic-manipulation system'

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