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Journal articles on the topic 'Magnetic field monitoring'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

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1

Blum, Cletus C., Timothy C. White, Edward A. Sauter, Duff C. Stewart, Paul A. Bedrosian, and Jeffrey J. Love. "Geoelectric monitoring at the Boulder magnetic observatory." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 6, no. 2 (November 2, 2017): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-447-2017.

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Abstract. Despite its importance to a range of applied and fundamental studies, and obvious parallels to a robust network of magnetic-field observatories, long-term geoelectric field monitoring is rarely performed. The installation of a new geoelectric monitoring system at the Boulder magnetic observatory of the US Geological Survey is summarized. Data from the system are expected, among other things, to be used for testing and validating algorithms for mapping North American geoelectric fields. An example time series of recorded electric and magnetic fields during a modest magnetic storm is presented. Based on our experience, we additionally present operational aspects of a successful geoelectric field monitoring system.

2

Barmet, Christoph, Nicola De Zanche, and Klaas P. Pruessmann. "Spatiotemporal magnetic field monitoring for MR." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 60, no. 1 (July 2008): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.21603.

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3

Hardy, Jason, and Edward Boje. "Distribution Pole Monitoring Using Magnetic Field Characterization." SAIEE Africa Research Journal 110, no. 3 (September 2019): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/saiee.2019.8732786.

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4

Wilm, Bertram J., Zoltan Nagy, Christoph Barmet, S. Johanna Vannesjo, Lars Kasper, Max Haeberlin, Simon Gross, et al. "Diffusion MRI with concurrent magnetic field monitoring." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 74, no. 4 (July 17, 2015): 925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.25827.

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5

Thomas, A. W., D. J. Drost, and F. S. Prato. "Magnetic field exposure and behavioral monitoring system." Bioelectromagnetics 22, no. 6 (2001): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.67.

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6

Klyukhin, Vyacheslav, Austin Ball, Felix Bergsma, Henk Boterenbrood, Benoit Curé, Domenico Dattola, Andrea Gaddi, et al. "The CMS Magnetic Field Measuring and Monitoring Systems." Symmetry 14, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14010169.

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This review article describes the performance of the magnetic field measuring and monitoring systems for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector. To cross-check the magnetic flux distribution obtained with the CMS magnet model, four systems for measuring the magnetic flux density in the detector volume were used. The magnetic induction inside the 6 m diameter superconducting solenoid was measured and is currently monitored by four nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes installed using special tubes at a radius of 2.9148 m outside the barrel hadron calorimeter at ±0.006 m from the coil median XY-plane. Two more NRM probes were installed at the faces of the tracking system at Z-coordinates of −2.835 and +2.831 m and a radius of 0.651 m from the solenoid axis. The field inside the superconducting solenoid was precisely measured in 2006 in a cylindrical volume of 3.448 m in diameter and 7 m in length using ten three-dimensional (3D) B-sensors based on the Hall effect (Hall probes). These B-sensors were installed on each of the two propeller arms of an automated field-mapping machine. In addition to these measurement systems, a system for monitoring the magnetic field during the CMS detector operation has been developed. Inside the solenoid in the horizontal plane, four 3D B-sensors were installed at the faces of the tracking detector at distances X = ±0.959 m and Z-coordinates of −2.899 and +2.895 m. Twelve 3D B-sensors were installed on the surfaces of the flux-return yoke nose disks. Seventy 3D B-sensors were installed in the air gaps of the CMS magnet yoke in 11 XY-planes of the azimuthal sector at 270°. A specially developed flux loop technique was used for the most complex measurements of the magnetic flux density inside the steel blocks of the CMS magnet yoke. The flux loops are installed in 22 sections of the flux-return yoke blocks in grooves of 30 mm wide and 12–13 mm deep and consist of 7–10 turns of 45 wire flat ribbon cable. The areas enclosed by these coils varied from 0.3 to 1.59 m2 in the blocks of the barrel wheels and from 0.5 to 1.12 m2 in the blocks of the yoke endcap disks. The development of these systems and the results of the magnetic flux density measurements across the CMS magnet are presented and discussed in this review article.

7

Wan, Dong, Ningchen Ma, Taochuang Zhao, Xiaojing Cui, Zhaosu Wang, Hulin Zhang, and Kai Zhuo. "Magnetorheological Elastomer-Based Self-Powered Triboelectric Nanosensor for Monitoring Magnetic Field." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (October 23, 2021): 2815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112815.

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The adaptable monitoring of the ubiquitous magnetic field is of great importance not only for scientific research but also for industrial production. However, the current detecting techniques are unwieldly and lack essential mobility owing to the complex configuration and indispensability of the power source. Here, we have constructed a self-powered magnetic sensor based on a subtle triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) that consists of a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE). This magnetic sensor relies on triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to produce electrical signals in response to the MRE’s deformation induced by the variational magnetic field without using any external power sources. The fabricated magnetic sensor shows a fast response of 80ms and a desirable sensitivity of 31.6 mV/mT in a magnetic field range of 35–60 mT as well as preliminary vectorability enabled by the multichannel layout. Our work provides a new route for monitoring dynamic magnetic fields and paves a way for self-powered electric-magnetic coupled applications.

8

Wong, P. S., M. A. Janoska, C. Light, and R. W. McCourt. "Long term magnetic field monitoring near power lines." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 12, no. 2 (April 1997): 922–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.584414.

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9

Meijers, P. C., D. H. Malschaert, and M. Veljkovic. "Monitoring fatigue crack growth using magnetic stray field measurements." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2647, no. 18 (June 1, 2024): 182018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2647/18/182018.

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Abstract To monitor the growth of fatigue cracks in steel specimens, several methods exists. In this paper, the magnetic stray field, which is generated by the magnetisation of the specimen, was measured during loading to investigate how to utilise this data to reliably monitor fatigue crack initiation and growth. Data was collected in a series of fatigue tests on Compact Tension specimens with different force ratios. The evolution of the mean value of the dominant stray field component displayed a sensitivity to stress, plastic deformation and displacement of the specimen. By analysing the stress field induced by the loading, these three causes were distinguished from another. Crack initiation was marked by a large change of the mean magnetic stray field. Moreover, the amplitude of the magnetic stray field components showed a clear peak, at which moment 20% of the life time of the specimen is remaining, indicating that the magnetic stray field might provide a useful method to monitor the evolution of fatigue cracks.

10

Chen, Rui, Jie Jiao, Ziyun Chen, Yuhang Wang, Tingyu Deng, Wenning Di, Shunliang Zhu, et al. "Power Batteries Health Monitoring: A Magnetic Imaging Method Based on Magnetoelectric Sensors." Materials 15, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051980.

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With the popularity of electric vehicles, the ever-increasing demand for high-capacity batteries highlights the need for monitoring the health status of batteries. In this article, we proposed a magnetic imaging technique (MIT) to investigate the health status of power batteries nondestructively. This technique is based on a magnetic sensor array, which consists of a 16-channel high-performance magnetoelectric sensor, and the noise equivalent magnetic induction (NEB) of each channel reaches 3–5 pT/Hz1/2@10 Hz. The distribution of the magnetic field is imaged by scanning the magnetic field variation of different positions on the surface. Therefore, the areas of magnetic anomalies are identified by distinguishing different magnetic field abnormal results. and it may be possible to classify the battery failure, so as to put forward suggestions on the use of the battery. This magnetic imaging method expands the application field of this high-performance magnetoelectric sensor and contributes to the battery’s safety monitoring. Meanwhile, it may also act as an important role in other nondestructive testing fields.

11

Tsunashima, Kenta, Katsuya Jinno, Bunta Hiramatsu, Kayo Fujimoto, Kenji Sakai, Toshihiko Kiwa, Mohd Mawardi Saari, and Keiji Tsukada. "Laser monitoring of dynamic behavior of magnetic nanoparticles in magnetic field gradient." AIP Advances 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 015025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5130167.

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12

Hernandez, Daniel, Ki Soo Kim, Eric Michel, and Soo Yeol Lee. "Correction ofB0Drift Effects in Magnetic Resonance Thermometry using Magnetic Field Monitoring Technique." Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B: Magnetic Resonance Engineering 46B, no. 2 (April 2016): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmr.b.21324.

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13

Rojas-Diaz, J., C. J. Felice, and G. A. Ruiz. "Continuous monitoring of conductivity using a uniform magnetic field." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1272 (July 2019): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1272/1/012022.

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14

Machitani, Y., N. Kasai, Y. Fujinawa, H. Iitaka, N. Shirai, Y. Hatsukade, K. Nomura, K. Sugiura, A. Ishiyama, and T. Nemoto. "Vector HTS-SQUID system for ULF magnetic field monitoring." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 13, no. 2 (June 2003): 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2003.814054.

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15

Yu, Hyo-Yeon, Sangki Myoung, and Sangdoo Ahn. "Recent Applications of Benchtop Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy." Magnetochemistry 7, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7090121.

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Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy uses small permanent magnets to generate magnetic fields and therefore offers the advantages of operational simplicity and reasonable cost, presenting a viable alternative to high-field NMR spectroscopy. In particular, the use of benchtop NMR spectroscopy for rapid in-field analysis, e.g., for quality control or forensic science purposes, has attracted considerable attention. As benchtop NMR spectrometers are sufficiently compact to be operated in a fume hood, they can be efficiently used for real-time reaction and process monitoring. This review introduces the recent applications of benchtop NMR spectroscopy in diverse fields, including food science, pharmaceuticals, process and reaction monitoring, metabolomics, and polymer materials.

16

BOSSIS, G., E. COQUELLE, C. NOEL, F. GIULIERI, and A. M. CHAZE. "MONITORING INTERPARTICLE DISTANCE IN MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL COMPOSITES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 28n29 (November 10, 2007): 4868–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207045773.

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We describe two different systems, the first one based on a magnetorheological elastomer and the second one on magnetic particles inside a liquid crystal. In both system we manage to have chain structures with particles that are not in contact. The effect of the gap between particles on the viscoelastic properties are studied. We show in particular how in magnetorheological elastomers, the energy dissipation is closely related to the creation and the motion of cavities in the gap between the particles. In liquid crystal chaining of particles can occur without applying a magnetic field. This happens if the anchoring of liquid crystal on the surface of the particles is homeotropic. We demonstrate how the combination of elastic defects and of a magnetic field allow to obtain microscopic springs made of a pair of magnetic spheres.

17

Hadjigeorgiou, N., D. Kossivakis, and P. Skafidas. "Vehicle Detection and Monitoring Setup Based on Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Sensors." Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.625.

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The evolution in microelectronics and microarchitecture lead to the creation of cheap and reliable embedded magnetic sensors. Anisotropic Magnetoresistors (AMR), being able to measure one axis magnetic fields, have been employed in many applications so far. In this paper AMR sensor (HMC2003) manufactured by Honeywell Inc. was tested for its ability to detect the magnetic field of a vehicle. Two different sensor topologies were examined regarding their performance in vehicle detection and monitoring.

18

HARADA, Makoto, Julio P. SABIT, Yoichi SASAI, Paul K. B. ALANIS, Juan M. CORDON Jr., Ernesto G. CORPUZ, Jacques ZLOTNICKI, Toshiyasu NAGAO, and Jane T. PUNONGBAYAN. "Magnetic and electric field monitoring of Taal volcano, Philippines Part I: Magnetic measurements." Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B 81, no. 7 (2005): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2183/pjab.81.261.

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19

Kozyreva, Olga V., Vyacheslav A. Pilipenko, Elena E. Marshalko, Elena Yu Sokolova, and Mikhail N. Dobrovolsky. "Monitoring of Geomagnetic and Telluric Field Disturbances in the Russian Arctic." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 3755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083755.

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The influence of space factors on technological systems in the Arctic (power transmission lines, oil/gas pipelines) has become critically important. To examine in depth these effects, an archive of digital 1 min data from Soviet/Russian magnetic stations deployed along the Arctic coast was created, starting from 1983 to the present. All data from various sources were converted to daily files in standard IAGA-2002 format and supplemented with quick-look magnetograms. Some of these data are included already in the existing world magnetic field databases, but not all. Examples of disturbances known to excite intense geomagnetically induced currents in power transmission lines were presented: irregular Pi3 pulsations and magnetic perturbation events. The database was augmented with the global 3D model of the Earth’s conductivity structure. The given example showed how the combined usage of the geomagnetic field database and the conductivity model enables one to synthesize the geoelectric field response to geomagnetic variations, and to assess the distortions of the pipeline-soil potential. To determine regions most susceptible to geomagnetic hazard, a map with normalized telluric fields was created for a uniform sinusoidally varying magnetic disturbance. This map showed that the largest electrotelluric potentials and field are induced in regions with a high resistivity (e.g., Kola Peninsula and Ural Mountains). This database can be also a useful support for space missions in the magnetosphere. The database is publicly available on the anonymous FTP site.

20

Troshichev, О. А., and D. A. Sormakov. "Space Weather Monitoring Based on Surface Magnetic Observations (РС Index)." Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya 3 (2021): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52002/0130-2906-2021-3-12-27.

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Polar cap magnetic activity (РС index) is an indicator of solar wind energy that enters the magnetosphere (Resolutions of XXII IAGA Assembly, 2013). Usually, the PC index follows changes in the interplanetary electric field EKL, that is estimated from measurement data on solar wind parameters at the Lagrange point L1 (available at the OMNI website). However, during the period of magnetic field perturbations, the correspondence between EKL and PC is often disturbed. To reveal the regularity of disturbances, the correlation was analyzed between the PC index and the computed field EKL during magnetic substorms, which are considered as an independent indicator of the impact of perturbed solar wind on the magnetosphere. The independent analysis for the PCN and PCS indices demonstrated that the magnetic activity in the winter polar cap (PCwinter) provides statistically more correct results than the magnetic activity in the summer cap (PCsummer). The correlation between the PCwinter and the computed field EKL (R > 0.5) was observed for ~80% of the analyzed substorms. In the other cases (20%), the correlation was low or even negative, even though substorms were evidently associated with the PC index growth. So, in these cases, the computed field EKL did not contact with the magnetosphere. Hence, the PC index allows verifying the real field EKL affecting the magnetosphere and checking in such way whether the solar wind registered at the Lagrange point contacted with the magnetosphere (data from the OMNI website).

21

Marscher, Alan P. "Time-variable linear polarization as a probe of the physical conditions in the compact jets of blazars." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S313 (September 2014): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315002045.

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AbstractA single measurement of linear polarization of a nonthermal source provides direct information about the mean direction and level of ordering of the magnetic field. Monitoring of the polarization in blazars, combined with millimeter-wave VLBI imaging in both total and polarized intensity, has the potential to determine the geometry of the magnetic field. This is a key probe of the physical processes in the relativistic jet, such as ordered field components, turbulence, magnetic reconnections, magnetic collimation and acceleration of the jet flow, particle acceleration, and radiative processes that produce extremely luminous, highly variable nonthermal emission. Well-sampled monitoring observations of multi-waveband flux and radio-optical polarization of blazars show a variety of behavior. In some cases, the observed polarization patterns appear systematic, while in others randomness dominates. Explanations involve helical magnetic fields, turbulence, and perhaps particle acceleration that depends on the angle between the magnetic field and shock fronts that might be present. Simulations from the author's TEMZ model, with turbulent plasma crossing a standing conical shock in the jet, show that a mixture of turbulent and toroidal magnetic field can produce the level of polarization variability that is observed, even when the two field components are roughly equal.

22

Tong, Ziyuan, Zhaoyang Dong, Minming Tong, Bo Wang, and Li Meng. "Development of Magnetic Field Sensor and Motor Fault Monitoring Application." Journal of Computer and Communications 02, no. 07 (2014): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2014.27007.

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23

Rothwarf, F., S. Simizu, M. Q. Huang, and R. J. Schaefer. "Pulsed field magnetometer for nondestructive monitoring of encapsulated magnetic materials." Journal of Applied Physics 73, no. 10 (May 15, 1993): 5614–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353614.

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24

Primdahl, Fritz, Torben Risbo, José M. G. Merayo, Peter Brauer, and Lars Tøffner-Clausen. "In-flight spacecraft magnetic field monitoring using scalar/vector gradiometry." Measurement Science and Technology 17, no. 6 (May 8, 2006): 1563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/17/6/038.

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25

Smith, Francis W., Tarun K. Sarkar, and John B. Hewitt. "Monitoring of bladder neoplasia by low-field magnetic resonance imaging." British Journal of Radiology 61, no. 722 (February 1988): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-61-722-166.

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26

Tang, Fujian, Jianzhou Yang, Hong-Nan Li, Fuqiang Liu, Ningbo Wang, Peng Jia, and Yizheng Chen. "Field Validation of a Magnetic Sensor to Monitor Borehole Deviation during Tunnel Excavation." Materials 11, no. 9 (August 23, 2018): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091511.

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In this article, a magnetic sensor is proposed to monitor borehole deviation during tunnel excavation. It is made by piling four super-strong N42 NdFeB cylinder magnets and then encasing them in an aluminum alloy hollow cylinder. The distribution of the magnetic field produced by the magnetic sensor and its summation with the geomagnetic field (GMF) in a global coordinate system are derived based on the theory of magnetic fields. An algorithm is developed to localize the position of the magnetic sensor. The effect of the GMF variation on the effective monitoring range of the magnetic sensor is also studied numerically. Field validation tests are conducted at Jinzhai Pumped-Storage hydroelectric power station, during the excavation of an inclined tunnel in Anhui Province of China. Test results show that the algorithm and the magnetic sensor are used successfully to detect the deviation of the borehole with an estimated error of approximately 0.5 m. The errors are mainly from the measurement errors of the coordinates, of both the test and the measurement points. The effective monitoring range of the magnetic sensor is dependent on the direction of the magnetic sensor as well as the variation of the GMF.

27

Deng, Hui, Sen Qian, Hui Huang, and Feng Huang. "Non-intrusive closed-loop current sensor based on tunneling magnetoresistance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2396, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2396/1/012010.

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Abstract In this paper, a non-intrusive closed-loop current sensor based on high-sensitivity tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) were demonstrated. Using the finite element modeling based on Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory, the distribution of magnetic field on the closed-loop magnetic flux concentrator (MFC) was calculated with a copper busbar passing through the center. Two different types with “slot” and “hole” were designed to place TMR sensors for the detection of the magnetic field generated by the working copper busbar. A secondary winding around MFC generated a reverse magnetic field to completely offset the magnetic field of the primary current, which realizes the real-time adjustment and monitoring of the current by the TMR sensor with magnetic flux balance. Moreover, the simulated results show that the performance of slot-gap MFC is better than that with hole-type design. Utilizing the experimental TMR sensor with sensitivity of 10 mV/V/Oe and linear field range of ±40 Oe, the monitoring current can reach up to 200 A. The described application in the current monitoring demonstrates the functionality and feasibility of TMR sensors.

28

Huang, Bo, Zhongyan Liu, Yujing Xu, Qiaochu Ding, Mengchun Pan, Jiafei Hu, and Qi Zhang. "Characteristics of Magnetic Fields Induced by the Wake of an Underwater Vehicle." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 7964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12167964.

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Underwater vehicles generate hydrodynamic wakes within a large area that last for a longtime during navigation, thus generating induced magnetic fields, and these are of great significance for detecting and tracking underwater vehicles. In combination with the wakefield and magnetic field simulations, this study adopts the dynamic overlapping mesh technology to conduct a numerical simulation of the wake magnetic field during the movement of an underwater vehicle. This paper introduces the causes of formation and laws of evolution of the wake magnetic field, analyzes its spatial distribution and time-domain changes, and discusses the time-frequency domain characteristics at different monitoring points as well as the effects of navigation speed and acceleration on wake magnetic fields. Our results indicate that the wake magnetic field of an underwater vehicle belongs to a low-frequency weak signal of 0–5 Hz; as the navigation speed increases, the barycenter frequency of the wake magnetic field decreases and the half-energy bandwidth increases. The increase in acceleration of the underwater vehicle will cause a higher growth rate of the wake magnetic field. This paper provides a theoretical reference for the detection of underwater vehicles based on wake magnetic fields.

29

Liu, Siyu. "Noninvasive Deep-Tissue Temperature Monitoring Based on Magnetic Mediated Thermoacoustics." Biomaterials and Biosensors 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.58567/bab01010005.

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Noninvasive acquisition of deep tissue temperature has important applications in home health monitoring, hyperthermia safety control, and other domains. In this work, we present here a novel magnetically mediated thermoacoustic temperature measurement method. Utilizing coil to stimulate amplitude modulated magnetic field and ultrasound transducer to receive the generated thermoacoustic wave from the inserted magnetic nanoparticles. Benefiting from the high sensitivity of thermoacoustic emission from nanoparticles and the deep penetration capability of both magnetic field and ultrasound propagation, the proposed thermoacoustic temperature measurement system enables a high measurement accuracy of 0.5 degrees Celsius in real time. This work potentially facilitates further development of closed loop magnetic hyperthermia for practical clinical applications.

30

Shirman, B., and B. Ginzburg. "Influence of local field inhomogeneity on the accuracy of precise total magnetic field monitoring." Measurement Science and Technology 15, no. 12 (October 28, 2004): 2370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/15/12/003.

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31

Carvalho Jr, Carlos Alberto T., Ciro J. Egoavil, Frank Gonzatti, and Felix A. Farret. "Remote and Safe Monitoring of Magnetic Fields Produced by Transmission Lines in Areas of High Concentration of Lightning Strokes." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 6, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss2.953.

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Monitoring of magnetic and electric fields in high voltage transmission lines (HVTL) of power plants and substations (SEs) is contemplated by Brazilian Regulatory Standard 616/2014. The measurement procedures of the magnetic and electric fields in SEs must follow a methodology in case of continuous field monitoring of the power equipment where it is common lightning stroke incidences. These monitoring procedures must be carried out in such a way that the recording of electromagnetic fields is done without necessity of exposuring the technical team to irradiation from the equipment and machines generating electrical power. This paper describes a prototype which is able to produce data at a specified safe distance from the irradiating area. The experimental recorded data was acquired, processed, compared and analyzed in areas of more intense radiation levels, acceptable levels and safe levels. This work aimed to establish basis of a technological innovation for the continuous recording of electromagnetic data, trying to cover the surroundings of transmission lines in urban environments, close to the generating units and substation installations wherever the highest levels of magnetic field could be found.

32

Butkovskaya, Varvara, Sergei Plachinda, and Dilyara Baklanova. "Long-term stellar magnetic field study at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S340 (February 2018): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318001035.

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AbstractThe long-term monitoring of magnetic cycles is a key diagnostic in understanding how dynamo generation and amplification of magnetic fields occur in solar-like stars. One of the current key problems is the establishment of the magnetic field behavior during the activity cycles for stars of different ages and evolutionary statuses. We present the experience of using own long-term datasets for study of activity cycles in selected stars at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.

33

Li, Z. B., Q. F. Du, R. Zhang, H. H. Luo, M. C. Pan, D. X. Chen, Q. Zhang, J. F. Hu, and J. S. Zhang. "A Marine Magnetometer Based on TMR." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2486, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2486/1/012051.

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Abstract TMR (tunneling magnetoresistance) has the characteristics of high sensitivity, large linear range, low power consumption, and easy miniaturization, and has received great attention in the field of miniaturized and high-performance magnetic sensors. Widely used in marine magnetic field detection, earthquake monitoring, industrial control, and other fields. In this paper, A TMR marine magnetometer with AC modulation and magnetic field feedback compensation is proposed, designed, and manufactured, which can be used for the measurement of weak marine magnetic fields. After testing, its measurement range is ±100,000nT, the noise fluctuation level is 0.27nT, and nonlinearity level reaches 0.07%. It works by means of ac modulation and real-time compensation of feedback magnetic field, which greatly reduces magnetic hysteresis and increases the linearity. Compared with the nonlinearity of TMR material (more than 20% within ±1Oe, more than 7% within ±0.3Oe), it has been significantly improved.

34

Jarvis, Rollo, Peter Cawley, and Peter B. Nagy. "Permanently installed corrosion monitoring using magnetic measurement of current deflection." Structural Health Monitoring 17, no. 2 (December 5, 2017): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921717745000.

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The detection of corrosion on insulated and/or coated pipes remains a challenge. A non-destructive evaluation method has been proposed where a low-frequency AC current is directly injected into the pipe at distant locations, and perturbations in the magnetic field induced by current deflection around defects are measured. Structural health monitoring is made possible by detecting changes in the magnetic field due to defect growth using a permanently installed array of sensitive and inexpensive magnetic sensors. The performance of current deflection structural health monitoring is evaluated using a flexible and efficient framework. Individual sensor performance was first predicted using receiver operating characteristics obtained by evaluating the stability of the magnetic field signal measured outside of a section of coated undamaged riser pipe in an environmental chamber over repeated temperature cycles. A finite element model was then used to predict the magnetic perturbation due to defect growth which allowed the potential array configurations for structural health monitoring to be explored. Results suggest that 90% probability of detection and 0.1% probability of false alarm for [Formula: see text] (wall thickness) diameter, 30% of T depth defects are possible outside of 25- to 50-mm-thick pipe coatings/insulation using 10–50 sensors per metre of pipe and 5–10 A of injected current. The structural health monitoring procedure was then demonstrated experimentally, an electrochemically grown defect being successfully monitored; this experiment also served to validate the three-dimensional finite element model. A very good agreement between the predicted and measured changes in the magnetic field due to the current deflection around the growing defect was obtained.

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Mingxian Liu. "Magnetic Field Mutation Mechanism and Its Non-Stationary and Stationary State Analysis in Power and "Ring" Applications." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 6s (April 29, 2024): 1612–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.3081.

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The phenomenon of magnetic field mutation, a complex yet pivotal aspect in various scientific and engineering domains, has garnered significant attention due to its profound implications on system behavior and performance. Magnetic fields, inherently dynamic in nature, exhibit mutations characterized by temporal variations in strength, direction, and spatial distribution. These mutations can stem from diverse sources, including external environmental factors, system dynamics, and material properties.This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the magnetic field mutation mechanism and its implications for power and "ring" applications. The study encompasses theoretical analysis, simulation studies, and experimental validation to elucidate the dynamic behavior of magnetic fields in various contexts. The findings reveal insights into the temporal evolution and state analysis of magnetic fields, highlighting both stationary and non-stationary characteristics. Through analysis tables, we demonstrate the varying magnetic field strengths observed at different nodes within a ring application over consecutive time intervals. The implications of these findings for the stability and performance of magnetic field systems, particularly in power applications. The study underscores the importance of considering non-stationary factors in magnetic field analysis, emphasizing the need for adaptive modeling techniques and real-time monitoring strategies. The insights gained from this research contribute to a deeper understanding of magnetic field dynamics and offer valuable implications for the design, optimization, and operation of magnetic field-based systems in diverse applications.

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Ferraro, Angelo, Athanasios G. Mamalis, and Evangelos Hristoforou. "Monitoring Magnetic Nanoparticles in the Body." Materials Science Forum 856 (May 2016): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.856.85.

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In this paper we present a new method for the monitoring of super-paramagnetic nanoparticles (SPANs) in the body. Nowadays, reliable and inexpensive device and method for monitoring the spatial distribution of SPANs in the body are not present in the market of clinical imaging equipments. Importantly, since SPANs can be conjugated to a huge variety of organic (antibodies, proteins, synthetic polymers) and inorganic molecules they can be used to selectively detect targets (e.g. cancer cells) with striking specificity. The existing imaging methods used for clinical diagnostic purposes are the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and computerized axial tomography scan (CAT or CT scan). Detection of SPANs with these methods is still controversial and most import they used strong magnetic field and harmful X-ray radiation, respectively, and the cost for a single analysis is high as well. Herein we describe an innovative magnetic method promises the measurement of the distribution of SPANs with sensitivity quite better than 1 μm3. The method (patented device by our group) is based on magnetic excitation and consequent detection of nanoparticles using super-conducting or magnetic sensors (magnetometers). The device is innovative and novel, and could be considered as a universal breakthrough in tumor diagnosis. Possible other applications could be simultaneous killing of the cancer cells applying inductive heating techniques.

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Radovanovic, Jelena, and Vitomir Milanovic. "Quantum cascade laser: Applications in chemical detection and environmental monitoring." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 24, no. 2 (2009): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0902075r.

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In this paper we consider the structural parameter optimization of the active region of a GaAs-based quantum cascade laser in order to maximize the optical gain of the laser at the characteristic wavelengths, which are best suited for detection of pollutant gasses, such as SO2, HNO3, CH4, and NH3, in the ambient air by means of direct absorption. The procedure relies on applying elaborate tools for global optimization, such as the genetic algorithm. One of the important goals is to extend the applicability of a single active region design to the detection of several compounds absorbing at close wave-lengths, and this is achieved by introducing a strong external magnetic field perpendicularly to the epitaxial layers. The field causes two-dimensional continuous energy subbands to split into the series of discrete Landau levels. Since the arrangement of Landau levels depends strongly on the magnitude of the magnetic field, this enables one to control the population inversion in the active region, and hence the optical gain. Furthermore, strong effects of band non-parabolicity result in subtle changes of the lasing wavelength at magnetic fields which maximize the gain, thus providing a path for fine-tuning of the output radiation properties and changing the target compound for detection. The numerical results are presented for quantum cascade laser structures designed to emit at specified wavelengths in the mid-infrared part of the spectrum.

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Shulyma, Serhii, Bogdan Tanygin, Valery Kovalenko, and Michail Petrychuk. "Nanoferrofluid Materials: Advanced Structure Monitoring Using Optical Transmission in a Magnetic Field." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7251725.

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The optical transmission of a thin ferrofluid layer was investigated at various optical radiation wavelengths. The turning on of the durable external magnetic field pulse leads to nonmonotonic changes of the optical transmission value with minimal value during the field pulse. This phenomenon is related to the formation of columnar nanoparticle aggregates and transformation in the ferrofluid bulk. It was shown that time interval corresponding to the optical transmission minimum is proportional to the laser wavelength, which can be explained with Mie-like optical extinction on the ferrofluid aggregates and its dependence on the diameters of columnar aggregates. Hence, a simple experimental approach was proposed to measure and control the ferrofluid aggregates diameters in submicron spatial dimension ranges. Particularly, this approach could be used for the formation of composite nanomaterials consisting of polymers and magnetic nanoparticles with controlled structural parameters. These materials could be reused after parameters changes (e.g., lattice constant, aggregate size, and magnetic permeability tensor) with a heating/cooling cycle without the need for preparation of a new material from scratch.

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Parzy, E., D. Boudries, Samuel Jacoutot, Muriel Albalat, Nicolas Vanthuyne, J.-M. Franconi, P. Mellet, et al. "Enzymatic activity monitoring through dynamic nuclear polarization in Earth magnetic field." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 333 (December 2021): 107095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2021.107095.

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Li, Zhenbing, Gang Li, Guangjun Wen, Rui Xu, Jian Li, Yongjun Huang, Haoyang Sun, Peiqi Wu, Daniele Inserra, and Fuzhen Xie. "Intermittent Magnetic Field Monitoring System Based on Passive RFID Sensor Tags." IEEE Sensors Journal 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 819–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2021.3125492.

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Morgenthaler, A., P. Petit, S. Saar, S. K. Solanki, J. Morin, S. C. Marsden, M. Aurière, et al. "Long-term magnetic field monitoring of the Sun-like starξBootis A." Astronomy & Astrophysics 540 (April 2012): A138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201118139.

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Chen, Yizheng, Fujian Tang, Zhaochao Li, Genda Chen, and Yan Tang. "Bridge scour monitoring using smart rocks based on magnetic field interference." Smart Materials and Structures 27, no. 8 (July 10, 2018): 085012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/aacbf9.

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Djinovic, Z., M. Tomic, and C. Gamauf. "Fiber-optic interferometric sensor of magnetic field for structural health monitoring." Procedia Engineering 5 (2010): 1103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.09.303.

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Grillo, L. O. S., C. A. C. Wengerkievicz, H. F. dos Santos, N. J. Batistela, P. Kuo-Peng, N. Sadowski, T. K. Matsuo, C. L. de Souza, L. M. de Freitas, and R. J. Nascimento. "Equipment for Monitoring Synchronous Generators Condition through External Magnetic Field Waveforms." Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications 21, no. 4 (December 2022): 527–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742022v21i4268102.

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Sipilä, Pekka, Sebastian Greding, Gerhard Wachutka, and Florian Wiesinger. "2H transmit-receive NMR probes for magnetic field monitoring in MRI." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 65, no. 5 (January 19, 2011): 1498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.22741.

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Kim, Hyongjoo, Gyeong-Ryun Choi, SungSoo Choi, Young-gi Hong, Joosung Hwang, Chan-Kyu Kim, and Wansoo Nah. "Characteristics of BCI-Monitoring Probe System Using Electro-Magnetic Field Simulation." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 34, no. 6 (June 2023): 466–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.6.466.

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Szelényi, Andrea, Thomas Gasser, and Volker Seifert. "Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in an Open Low-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging System: Clinical Experience and Technical Considerations." Operative Neurosurgery 63, suppl_4 (October 1, 2008): ONS268—ONS276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000310705.72487.f9.

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Abstract Objective: The intraoperative combination of an open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system with neurophysiological localization and continuous monitoring techniques allows for the best available anatomic and physiological orientation as well as real-time functional monitoring. Methodological aspects and technical adaptations for this combination of methods and the experience in 29 patients with tumors in the central region are reported. Methods: MRI-compatible platinum/iridium electrodes for intraoperative neuromonitoring were attached to the patient’s head. All other electrodes located outside the magnet were stainless steel needle-electrodes for recording of motor evoked potentials and for stimulating somatosensory evoked potentials. Intraoperative MRI was performed using a 0.15-T intraoperative magnetic resonance scanner (PoleStar N20; Medtronic Surgical Navigation Technologies, Louisville, KY). Results: The calculated and measured values of the maximum induced magnetic field (2 × 10−6T), induced voltage (0.1 V), and force (0.01 N) by the static or changing magnetic field within all attached electrodes were negligible and proved the method’s safety. In 29 patients, platinum/iridium electrodes with low susceptibility showed no interference with the imaging quality. Furthermore, neurophysiological monitoring could be performed with unaffected recording quality. Side effects (e.g., thermal induction) were not observed. Conclusion: Neurophysiological monitoring for evoked potentials and direct cortical stimulation can be performed with standard quality within a low-field intraoperative MRI system. Electrodes fixed to the head should be of low magnetic susceptibility to guarantee optimal imaging quality. The combined use of an open ultra low-field MRI system and intraoperative monitoring allows for resection control and continuous functional monitoring.

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Yang, Feng, Lin Du, Huizong Yu, and Peilin Huang. "Magnetic and Electric Energy Harvesting Technologies in Power Grids: A Review." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 9, 2020): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051496.

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With the development of intelligent modern power systems, real-time sensing and monitoring of system operating conditions have become one of the enabling technologies. Due to their flexibility, robustness and broad serviceable scope, wireless sensor networks have become a promising candidate for achieving the condition monitoring in a power grid. In order to solve the problematic power supplies of the sensors, energy harvesting (EH) technology has attracted increasing research interest. The motivation of this paper is to investigate the profiles of harnessing the electric and magnetic fields and facilitate the further application of energy scavenging techniques in the context of power systems. In this paper, the fundamentals, current status, challenges, and future prospects of the two most applicable EH methods in the grid—magnetic field energy harvesting (MEH) and electric field energy harvesting (EEH) are reviewed. The characteristics of the magnetic field and electric field under typical scenarios in power systems is analyzed first. Then the MEH and EEH are classified and reviewed respectively according to the structural difference of energy harvesters, which have been further evaluated based on the comparison of advantages and disadvantages for the future development trend.

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Testud, Frederik, Daniel Gallichan, Kelvin J. Layton, Christoph Barmet, Anna M. Welz, Andrew Dewdney, Chris A. Cocosco, Klaas P. Pruessmann, Jürgen Hennig, and Maxim Zaitsev. "Single-shot imaging with higher-dimensional encoding using magnetic field monitoring and concomitant field correction." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 73, no. 3 (March 31, 2014): 1340–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.25235.

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Moreva, Ekaterina. "The biosensing with NV centers in diamond: Related challenges." International Journal of Quantum Information 18, no. 01 (February 2020): 1941023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749919410235.

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Here, we discussed the current challenges related with the application of Nitrogen-vacancy (NV)-based magnetometers for biological systems. Major constraints for diamond sensor type as optical illumination, microwave field, bias magnetic field, optics, method of photoluminescence detection and sample preparation have been analyzed. Special attention was paid to the estimation of electromagnetic fields in the nervous system. The mechanism of action potential generation and resultant local current flows was discussed, corresponding magnetic field outside an axon was estimated. It was shown that sensitivity of upcoming generation of NV magnetic field sensors may not be enough for the measurement of single neuron action potential, while monitoring electromagnetic signals in brain slices or cardiac tissues seems very promising.