Journal articles: 'Magnetic blowout'

1

Drake, J. F., and G. R. Burkhart. "Magnetic blowout during collisionless reconnection." Geophysical Research Letters 19, no. 11 (June 2, 1992): 1077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92gl01034.

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2

Tomisaka, Kohji. "Blowout of superbubble in Galactic magnetic field." Astrophysical Journal 361 (September 1990): L5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/185814.

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3

Sweet, David, Edward Ott, Thomas M. Antonsen, Daniel P. Lathrop, and John M. Finn. "Blowout bifurcations and the onset of magnetic dynamo action." Physics of Plasmas 8, no. 5 (May 2001): 1944–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1342228.

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4

Cong, Shen, Zhi Hai Fan, Dong Feng Li, Ke Tong, and Nan Ji. "Fracture Failure Analysis of the Blowout Preventer Ram in an Oilfield." Materials Science Forum 1035 (June 22, 2021): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1035.458.

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This paper gives a thorough investigation on the fracture failure of the blowout preventer (BOP) ram. Through appearance inspection, magnetic powder inspection, physicochemical inspection, metallographic inspection and scanning electron microscope (SEM), the main fracture reason of the BOP ram is that there was some original cracks in the BOP ram before fracture, during the service process the bop ram is subjected to impact load, therefore brittle fracture occurs due to the high brittleness of the gate material (which is caused by large internal structure) and low anti-crack propagation ability. Key words: Blowout preventer (BOP) ram; Fatigue break; Brittle fracture; Failure analysis

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5

Bellan, P. M., and J. W. Higley. "Magnetic suppression of arc blowout in a model arc furnace." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 20, no. 6 (1992): 1026–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/27.199568.

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Yanik, Bahar, Bahri Keyik, Isik Conkbayir, and M. Akif Teber. "Carotid blowout syndrome with oronasal hemorrhage: magnetic resonance imaging findings." Japanese Journal of Radiology 29, no. 1 (January 2011): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11604-010-0503-4.

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Rojek, Artur. "An experimental analysis of DC magnetic blowout high-speed circuit breakers’ parameters." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 5 (106) (August 31, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.210232.

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Jones, Douglas L., Gus L. Hoehn, and Arthur F. Kuckes. "Improved Magnetic Model for Determination of Range and Direction to a Blowout Well." SPE Drilling Engineering 2, no. 04 (December 1, 1987): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/14388-pa.

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Nishida, Y. "Diagnosis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for Blowout FractureâThree Advantages of MRI." Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 43, no. 5 (September 10, 1999): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5155(99)00073-8.

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10

Zhu, Xiaoshuai, Huaning Wang, Xin Cheng, and Chong Huang. "A Solar Blowout Jet Caused by the Eruption of a Magnetic Flux Rope." Astrophysical Journal 844, no. 2 (July 27, 2017): L20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8033.

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TASHIRO, Shinichi, Shuichi ITODA, Takahiro MORICHI, MURPHY B. Anthony, and Manabu TANAKA. "Numerical simulation of magnetic blowout process of air arc plasma in electrical contacts." QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 38, no. 2 (2020): 74s—78s. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.38.74s.

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12

Cai, Baoping, Yonghong Liu, Xiaojie Tian, Zelu Wang, Fei Wang, Hang Li, and Renjie Ji. "Optimization of Submersible Solenoid Valves for Subsea Blowout Preventers." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 47, no. 2 (February 2011): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2010.2100825.

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13

Cox, Donald P. "Structure of the Diffuse Interstellar Medium." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 120 (1989): 500–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100024313.

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ABSTRACTThe interstellar medium has a thick disk structure (|z | ≲ 1500 pc, the ECL or extracloud layer) with a thin zone of cloud contamination at |z | ≲ 100 pc. The properties of all components other than clouds (e.g. cosmic rays, magnetic field, extracloud matter, pressure) drop slowly with |z| across the thick distribution, giving this layer a very important influence in the evolution of superbubbles. It seems likely to quench blowout or breakout and virtually all fountain activity. The weight of this layer stabilizes the clouds at low z; its high pressure and low density provide a cushion for impacts of infailing clouds.

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14

Poletto, Giannina, Alphonse C. Sterling, Stefano Pucci, and Marco Romoli. "The contribution of X-ray polar blowout jets to the solar wind mass and energy." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S300 (June 2013): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313011046.

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AbstractBlowout jets constitute about 50% of the total number of X-ray jets observed in polar coronal holes. In these events, the base magnetic loop is supposed to blow open in what is a scaled-down representation of two-ribbon flares that accompany major coronal mass ejections (CMEs): indeed, miniature CMEs resulting from blowout jets have been observed. This raises the question of the possible contribution of this class of events to the solar wind mass and energy flux. Here we make a first crude evaluation of the mass contributed to the wind and of the energy budget of the jets and related miniature CMEs, under the assumption that small-scale events behave as their large-scale analogs. This hypothesis allows us to adopt the same relationship between jets and miniature-CME parameters that have been shown to hold in the larger-scale events, thus inferring the values of the mass and kinetic energy of the miniature CMEs, currently not available from observations. We conclude our work estimating the mass flux and the energy budget of a blowout jet, and giving a crude evaluation of the role possibly played by these events in supplying the mass and energy that feeds the solar wind.

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15

Vourlidas, Angelos, and David F. Webb. "Streamer-blowout Coronal Mass Ejections: Their Properties and Relation to the Coronal Magnetic Field Structure." Astrophysical Journal 861, no. 2 (July 11, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaca3e.

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16

Ito, Shokichi, Yoshihiro Kawase, and Satoshi Tatsuoka. "3-D Finite Element Analysis of Magnetic Blowout Forces on the Arc in Molded Case Circuit Breakers." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 113, no. 10 (1993): 1100–1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.113.10_1100.

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17

Kawase, Y., H. Mori, H. Inoue, and S. Ito. "3-D finite element analysis of magnetic blowout forces acting on the arc in vacuum circuit breakers." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 32, no. 3 (May 1996): 1681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.497579.

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18

Moore, Ronald L., and Alphonse C. Sterling. "The Coronal‐dimming Footprint of a Streamer‐Puff Coronal Mass Ejection: Confirmation of the Magnetic‐Arch‐Blowout Scenario." Astrophysical Journal 661, no. 1 (May 20, 2007): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/516620.

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Ito, S., Y. Kawase, and H. Mori. "3-D finite element analysis of magnetic blowout forces acting on the arc in molded case circuit breakers." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 33, no. 2 (March 1997): 2053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.582717.

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20

Timur, Emre. "Magnetic susceptibility and VLF-R investigations for determining geothermal blowout contaminated area: a case study from Alaşehir (Manisa/Turkey)." Environmental Earth Sciences 72, no. 7 (March 9, 2014): 2497–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3158-0.

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21

Cox, D. P. "Characteristics of the diffuse interstellar medium." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 147 (1991): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900198705.

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There have been several recent changes in perspective on the diffuse interstellar environment, including recognition of a thick disk of warm gas, cosmic rays, and magnetic field. In addition, evidence for a pervasive hot phase driven by supernova disruption has weakened to the point that a quasihomogeneous warm intercloud gas may occupy most of the interstellar volume at midplane, with individual bubbles created by supernovae and OB associations occupying perhaps 10 and 20 per cent respectively. The bubble population is sufficient to explain the high stage ions (0 VI, N V, C IV, perhaps Si IV) found in the disk, though possibly not those found at higher z. The estimated midplane pressure has increased, leaving the thermal pressure inside clouds almost negligible. The reduced porosity of the medium, its greater thickness, and its larger pressure all act to suppress fountain activity, either arising from the disk generally, or from the blowout of superbubbles. Finally, there appears to be a peculiar coincidence between the cloud heating mechanism and the activity determining the interstellar pressure.

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22

Cox, D. P. "Characteristics of the diffuse interstellar medium." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 147 (1991): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900239326.

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There have been several recent changes in perspective on the diffuse interstellar environment, including recognition of a thick disk of warm gas, cosmic rays, and magnetic field. In addition, evidence for a pervasive hot phase driven by supernova disruption has weakened to the point that a quasihomogeneous warm intercloud gas may occupy most of the interstellar volume at midplane, with individual bubbles created by supernovae and OB associations occupying perhaps 10 and 20 per cent respectively. The bubble population is sufficient to explain the high stage ions (0 VI, N V, C IV, perhaps Si IV) found in the disk, though possibly not those found at higher z. The estimated midplane pressure has increased, leaving the thermal pressure inside clouds almost negligible. The reduced porosity of the medium, its greater thickness, and its larger pressure all act to suppress fountain activity, either arising from the disk generally, or from the blowout of superbubbles. Finally, there appears to be a peculiar coincidence between the cloud heating mechanism and the activity determining the interstellar pressure.

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23

Mankin, Henry J., Francis J. Hornicek, Eduardo Ortiz-Cruz, Jorge Villafuerte, and Mark C. Gebhardt. "Aneurysmal Bone Cyst: A Review of 150 Patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 27 (September 20, 2005): 6756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.15.255.

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PurposeWe have reviewed a series of 150 aneurysmal bone cysts treated over the last 20 years.Patients and MethodsThe lesions were principally located in the tibia, femur, pelvis, humerus, and spine and, in most cases, presented the imaging appearance originally described by Jaffe and Lichtenstein as a blowout with thin cortices.ResultsOnly one of the patients was believed to have an osteoblastoma of the spine with secondary development of an aneurysmal bone cyst, and none of the patients developed additional lesions. The patients were treated primarily with curettage and implantation of allograft chips or polymethylmethacrylate, but some patients were treated with insertion of autografts or allografts. The local recurrence rate was 20%, which is consistent with that reported by other centers.ConclusionAneurysmal bone cysts are enigmatic lesions of unknown cause and presentation and are difficult to distinguish from other lesions. Overall, the treatment is satisfactory, but it is possible that newer approaches, such as improved magnetic resonance imaging studies, may help diagnose the lesions and allow the physicians to plan for more effective treatment protocols.

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24

Zuo, Shuguang, Duoqiang Li, Yu Mao, and Wenzhe Deng. "Longitudinal vibration analysis and suppression of electric wheel system driven by in-wheel motor considering unbalanced magnetic pull." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 11 (October 10, 2018): 2729–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018806118.

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With the blowout of electric vehicles recently, the key parts of the electric vehicles driven by in-wheel motors named the electric wheel system become the core of development research. The torque ripple of the in-wheel motor mainly results in the longitudinal dynamics of the electric wheel system. The excitation sources are first analyzed through the finite element method, including the torque ripple induced by the in-wheel motor and the unbalanced magnetic pull produced by the relative motion between the stator and rotor. The accuracy of the finite element model is verified by the back electromotive force test of the in-wheel motor. Second, the longitudinal-torsional coupled dynamic model is established. The proposed model can take into account the unbalanced magnetic pull. Based on the model, the modal characteristics and the longitudinal dynamics of the electric wheel system are analyzed. The coupled dynamic model is verified by the vibration test of the electric wheel system. Two indexes, namely, the root mean square of longitudinal vibration of the stator and the signal-to-noise ratio of the tire slip rate, are proposed to evaluate the electric wheel longitudinal performance. The influence of unbalanced magnetic pull on the evaluation indexes of the longitudinal dynamics is analyzed. Finally, the influence of motor’s structural parameters on the average torque, torque ripple, and equivalent electromagnetic stiffness are analyzed through the orthogonal test. A surrogate model between the structural parameters of the in-wheel motor and the average torque, torque ripple, and equivalent electromagnetic stiffness is established based on the Bp neural network. The torque ripple and the equivalent electromagnetic stiffness are then reduced through optimizing the structural parameters of the in-wheel motor. It turns out that the proposed Bp neural network–based method is effective to suppress the longitudinal vibration of the electric wheel system.

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25

Wang, Q. Daniel. "Chandra large-scale mapping of the Galactic Centre: probing high-energy structures around the central molecular zone." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 1609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab801.

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ABSTRACT Recent observations have revealed interstellar features that apparently connect energetic activity in the central region of our Galaxy to its halo. The nature of these features, however, remains largely uncertain. We present a Chandra mapping of the central 2° × 4° field of the Galaxy, revealing a complex of X-ray-emitting threads plus plume-like structures emerging from the Galactic Centre (GC). This mapping shows that the northern plume or fountain is offset from a well-known radio lobe (or the GCL), which however may represent a foreground H ii region, and that the southern plume is well wrapped by a corresponding radio lobe recently discovered by MeerKAT. In particular, we find that a distinct X-ray thread, G0.17−0.41, is embedded well within a non-thermal radio filament, which is locally inflated. This thread with a width of ∼1.6 arcsec (FWHM) is ∼2.6 arcmin or 6 pc long at the distance of the GC and has a spectrum that can be characterized by a power law or an optically-thin thermal plasma with temperature ≳ 3 keV. The X-ray-emitting material is likely confined within a strand of magnetic field with its strength ≳ 1 mG, not unusual in such radio filaments. These morphological and spectral properties of the radio/X-ray association suggest that magnetic field re-connection is the energy source. Such re-connection events are probably common when flux tubes of antiparallel magnetic fields collide and/or become twisted in and around the diffuse X-ray plumes, representing blowout superbubbles driven by young massive stellar clusters in the GC. The understanding of the process, theoretically predicted in analog to solar flares, can have strong implications for the study of interstellar hot plasma heating, cosmic ray acceleration and turbulence.

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26

Zhang, Q. M. "Simultaneous transverse oscillations of a coronal loop and a filament excited by a circular-ribbon flare." Astronomy & Astrophysics 642 (October 2020): A159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038557.

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Aims. The aim of this study is to investigate the excitation of kink oscillations in coronal loops and filaments, by analyzing a C3.4 circular-ribbon flare associated with a blowout jet in active region 12434 on 2015 October 16. Methods. The flare was observed in ultraviolet and extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft. The line-of-sight (LOS) magnetograms of the photosphere were observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board SDO. Soft X-ray fluxes of the flares in 0.5−4 and 1−8 Å were recorded by the GOES spacecraft. Results. The flare excited small-amplitude kink oscillation of a remote coronal loop. The oscillation lasted for ≥4 cycles without significant damping. The amplitude and period are 0.3 ± 0.1 Mm and 207 ± 12 s. Interestingly, the flare also excited transverse oscillation of a remote filament. The oscillation lasted for ∼3.5 cycles with decaying amplitudes. The initial amplitude is 1.7−2.2 Mm. The period and damping time are 437−475 s and 1142−1600 s. The starting times of simultaneous oscillations of coronal loop and filament were concurrent with the hard X-ray peak time. Though small in size and short in lifetime, the flare set off a chain reaction. It generated a bright secondary flare ribbon (SFR) in the chromosphere, remote brightening (RB) that was cospatial with the filament, and intermittent, jet-like flow propagating in the northeast direction. Conclusions. The loop oscillation is most probably excited by the flare-induced blast wave at a speed of ≥1300 km s−1. The excitation of the filament oscillation is more complicated. The blast wave triggers secondary magnetic reconnection far from the main flare, which not only heats the local plasma to higher temperatures (SFR and RB), but produces jet-like flow (i.e., reconnection outflow) as well. The filament is disturbed by the secondary magnetic reconnection and experiences transverse oscillation. These findings provide new insight into the excitation of transverse oscillations of coronal loops and filaments.

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27

Low, B. C. "Blowup of force-free magnetic fields in the infinite region of space." Astrophysical Journal 307 (August 1986): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/164407.

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28

Pouchain, Ernest Cavalcante, Vanessa Anastacio Pimentel, Roque Soares Martins Neto, Francisco Wylliego de Holanda Maciel, Kelvin Saldanha Lopes, Bruno da Silva Gaspar, and Rafael Linard Avelar. "Alterações funcionais como consequências de traumatismo orbitário: revisão da literatura." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 9, no. 5 (April 20, 2020): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v9i5.4787.

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Os traumas de face ocorrem por forças externas lesionando o corpo, podendo eles ser locais, gerais ou concomitantes. A etiologia do traumatismo orbitário é diversificada como: quedas, queimaduras e agressões, sendo considerada uma das principais causas de morte no mundo de acordo com Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). As fraturas faciais podem se dividir em fraturas dos terço superior, terço médio e terço inferior. As fraturas do tipo Blow-outmantêm as margens orbitais integra, envolvendo apenas parede orbital inferior e ou média. Diplopia e enoftalmia são complicações bem características de traumas orbitais. O objetivo do artigo é identificar as principais lesões ocasionadas por fraturas orbitárias e apontar o diagnóstico e tratamento das lesões. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo descritiva, com os dados colhidos nas bases de dados PubMed, SciElo, Lilacs, Google Acadêmico, selecionando artigos entre o ano de 2008 – 2018, de língua inglesa, portuguesa e espanhola, disponíveis para download nas bases de dados citadas. Os exames de imagem como a Tomografia Computadorizada é de suma importância para o diagnóstico devido seu detalhamento. Alguns sinais clínicos são: diplopia, enoftalmia, hipoftalmia ou mobilidade muscular ocular prejudicada. O tratamento ainda varia muito entre os cirurgiões.Descritores: Diplopia; Fraturas Ósseas; Órbita; Traumatismo do Nervo Abducente; Nervo Óptico.ReferênciasRamos JC, Almeida MLD, Alencar YCG, de Sousa Filho LF, Figueiredo CHMC, Almeida MSC. Estudo epidemiológico do trauma bucomaxilofacial em um hospital de referência da Paraíba. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2018;45(6):e1978.Affonso PRA, Cavalcanti MA, Groisman S, Gandelman I. Etiologia de trauma e lesões faciais no atendimento pré – hospitalar no Rio de Janeiro. Rev UNINGÁ. 2010;23(1):23-34.Scolari N, Heitz C. Protocolo de tratamento em fraturas orbitárias. RFO UPF. 2012;17(3):365-69.Polligkeit J, Grimm M, Peters JP, Cetindis M, Krimmel M, Reinert S. Assessment of indications and clinical outcome for the endoscopy-assisted combined subciliary/transantral approach in treatment of complex orbital floor fractures. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2013;41(8):797-802.Mendonça JCG, Freitas GP, Lopes HB, Nascimento VS. Tratamento de fraturas complexas do terço médio da face: relato de caso. Rev Bras Cir Craniomaxilofac 2011;14(4):221-24.Jung H, Byun JY, Kim HJ, Min JH, Park GM, Kim HY, Kim YK, Cha J, Kim ST. Prognostic CT findings of diplopia after surgical repair of pure orbital blowout fracture. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2016;44(9):1479-84.Ellis E 3rd, Perez D. An algorithm for the treatment of isolated zygomatico-orbital fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72(10):1975-83.Nilsson J, Nysjö J, Carlsson AP, Thor A. Comparison analysis of orbital shape and volume in unilateral fractured orbits. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2018;46(3):381-87. Yu DY, Chen CH, Tsay PK, Leow AM, Pan CH, Chen CT. Surgical Timing and Fracture Type on the Outcome of Diplopia After Orbital Fracture Repair. Ann Plast Surg. 2016;76 Suppl 1:S91-5.Morotomi T, Iuchi T, Hashimoto T, Sueyoshi Y, Nagasao T, Isogai N. Image analysis of the inferior rectus muscle in orbital floor fracture using cine mode magnetic resonance imaging. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015;43(10):2066-70.He Y, Zhang Y, An JG. Correlation of types of orbital fracture and occurrence of enophthalmos. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23(4):1050-53. Roth FS, Koshy JC, Goldberg JS, Soparkar CN. Pearls of orbital trauma management. Semin Plast Surg. 2010;24(4):398-410. Palmieri CF Jr, Ghali GE. Late correction of orbital deformities. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2012;24(4):649-63. Tavares SSS, Tavares GR, Oka SC, Cavalcante JR, Paiva MAF. Fraturas orbitárias: revisão de literatura e relato de caso. Rev Cir Traumatol Buco-Maxilo-Fac. 2011;11(2):35-42.Long JA, Gutta R. Orbital, periorbital, and ocular reconstruction. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2013;25(2):151-66.Wolff J, Sándor GK, Pyysalo M, Miettinen A, Koivumäki AV, Kainulainen VT. Late reconstruction of orbital and naso-orbital deformities. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2013;25(4):683-95. Dean A, Heredero S. Alamillos F.J, García-García B. Aplicación clínica de la planificación virtual y la navegación en el tratamiento de las fracturas del suelo de la órbita. Rev Esp Cir Oral Maxilofac. 2015; 37(4):220-28.Damasceno NAP, Damasceno EF. raumatic orbital fracture with intact ocular globe displacement into the maxillary sinus. Rev bras oftalmol. 2010;69(1):52-4.

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Kurkina, E. S., Yu V. Troshchiev, V. A. Kovalev, and E. D. Kuretova. "Small-Scale Heat Localization with Blowup in the Magnetic-Tube Cross Section During a Solar Flare." Computational Mathematics and Modeling 27, no. 4 (August 6, 2016): 395–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10598-016-9330-5.

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Choe, Jinhoon, and Wenting Sun. "Blowoff hysteresis, flame morphology and the effect of plasma in a swirling flow." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 51, no. 36 (August 7, 2018): 365201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aad4dc.

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Sweet, David, Edward Ott, John M. Finn, Thomas M. Antonsen, and Daniel P. Lathrop. "Blowout bifurcations and the onset of magnetic activity in turbulent dynamos." Physical Review E 63, no. 6 (May 21, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.63.066211.

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Olsson, P., and S. Teitel. "Search for a vortex loop blowout transition in a type-II superconductor in a finite magnetic field." Physical Review B 67, no. 14 (April 25, 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.67.144514.

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Bhowmik, P., and A. R. Yeates. "Two Classes of Eruptive Events During Solar Minimum." Solar Physics 296, no. 7 (July 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11207-021-01845-x.

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AbstractDuring solar minimum, the Sun is relatively inactive with few sunspots observed on the solar surface. Consequently, we observe a smaller number of highly energetic events such as solar flares or coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which are often associated with active regions on the photosphere. Nonetheless, our magnetofrictional simulations during the minimum period suggest that the solar corona is still dynamically evolving in response to the large-scale shearing velocities on the solar surface. The non-potential evolution of the corona leads to the accumulation of magnetic free energy and helicity, which is periodically shed in eruptive events. We find that these events fall into two distinct classes: One set of events are caused by eruption and ejection of low-lying coronal flux ropes, and they could explain the origin of occasional CMEs during solar minimum. The other set of events are not driven by destabilisation of low-lying structures but rather by eruption of overlying sheared arcades. These could be associated with streamer blowouts or stealth CMEs. The two classes differ significantly in the amount of magnetic flux and helicity shed through the outer coronal boundary. We additionally explore how other measurables such as current, open magnetic flux, free energy, coronal holes, and the horizontal component of the magnetic field on the outer model boundary vary during the two classes of event. This study emphasises the importance and necessity of understanding the dynamics of the coronal magnetic field during solar minimum.

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Kim, Hee-Cheol, Minsung Kim, Sung-Soo Kim, and Ki-Hong Lee. "Bootstrapping BPS spectra of 5d/6d field theories." Journal of High Energy Physics 2021, no. 4 (April 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep04(2021)161.

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Abstract We propose a systematic approach to computing the BPS spectrum of any 5d/6d supersymmetric quantum field theory in Coulomb phases, which admits either gauge theory descriptions or geometric descriptions, based on the Nakajima-Yoshioka’s blowup equations. We provide a significant generalization of the blowup equation approach in terms of both properly quantized magnetic fluxes on the blowup $$ \hat{\mathrm{\mathbb{C}}} $$ ℂ ̂ 2 and the effective prepotential for 5d/6d field theories on the Omega background which is uniquely determined by the Chern-Simons couplings on their Coulomb branches. We employ our method to compute BPS spectra of all rank-1 and rank-2 5d Kaluza-Klein (KK) theories descending from 6d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = (1, 0) superconformal field theories (SCFTs) compactified on a circle with/without twist. We also discuss various 5d SCFTs and KK theories of higher ranks, which include a few exotic cases such as new rank-1 and rank-2 5d SCFTs engineered with frozen singularity as well as the 5d SU(3)8 gauge theory currently having neither a brane web nor a smooth shrinkable geometric description. The results serve as non-trivial checks for a large class of non-trivial dualities among 5d theories and also as independent evidences for the existence of certain exotic theories.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Magnetic blowout'

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