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Academic literature on the topic 'Magnetic anomalies Mathematical models'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Magnetic anomalies Mathematical models"

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Gay, S. Parker, and Bronson W. Hawley. "Syngenetic magnetic anomaly sources: Three examples." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 7 (July 1991): 902–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443124.

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Aeromagnetic anomalies encountered in three areas, two in the western United States and one in Central America, are shown to arise from magnetic sedimentary formations. These examples are selected from a larger number of similar areas surveyed by Applied Geophysics, Inc. in various places in the U.S. Midcontinent and Rocky Mountain regions. The first area discussed is the northwest corner of Nebraska where the Miocene Arikaree formation, comprised of magnetic airfall and windblown tuffs, causes anomalies in areas of incised topography. The second area is located in south central Utah, where the Upper Cretaceous Kaiparowits sandstones contain detrital magnetite that causes large anomalies in tilted structures and over incised topography. The third area treated covers over half of southern Belize in Central America, including much of the offshore portion. Here, the Toledo formation of Paleocene‐Eocene age contains a thick section of clastic detritus rich in lithic grains of volcanic rocks that produce magnetic highs over thrusted and folded anticlinal axes. These three examples of magnetic anomalies due to syngenetic magnetite in widely scattered areas and from different types of source materials bring into question the assumption of so‐called “diagenetic magnetite” (or other magnetic minerals) as a cause of magnetic anomalies in other petroleum basins. It is necessary in all cases to determine the magnetic source from surface or subsurface geology, as was done here, rather than making assumptions strictly from magnetic profiles or mathematical models.
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Barraclough, D. R. "International Geomagnetic Reference Field Revision 1987." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 4 (April 1988): 576–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442493.

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The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is a series of mathematical models of the main geomagnetic field and its secular variation, the models consisting of sets of spherical harmonic (or Gauss) coefficients. The IGRF has become a widely used means of deriving values of geomagnetic field components in, for example, studies of magnetic anomalies and investigations of charged particle motions in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere.
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Garca‐Abdeslem, Juan, and Gordon E. Ness. "Inversion of the power spectrum from magnetic anomalies." GEOPHYSICS 59, no. 3 (March 1994): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443601.

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We develop methods for the modeling and inversion of the power‐density spectrum from magnetic anomaly data assuming that the crustal magnetic field is caused by an ensemble of vertical‐sided and uniformly magnetized prisms. The solution of the forward problem is achieved in the wavenumber domain, where a synthetic spectrum is given by the product of the mathematical expectations of single‐valued functions that describe depth, thickness, and horizontal dimensions of prisms in the ensemble. We use Gaussian and uniform distributions to describe the ensemble and provide a variety of functions from which different statistical models can be obtained. The solution of the inverse problem is achieved iteratively, starting from an initial set of model parameters. It is based on the ridge‐regression algorithm, and its usefulness is assessed in a number of examples with numeric, synthetic and real data spectra. The methods are first tested on the spectrum obtained from a simple artificial magnetic anomaly and on the artificial spectrum caused by an ensemble of source bodies and are found to be capable of recovering the source parameters. Next, the methods are applied to marine magnetic data from a survey offshore of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. The results of this last application are consistent with the crustal structure observed at Chicxulub hole.
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Савин, Михаил, Mihail Savin, Юрий Израильский, and Yuriy Izrailsky. "New capabilities of Chetaev´s model." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 2, no. 2 (June 17, 2016): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13465.

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This paper considers anomalies in the magnetotelluric field in the Pc3 range of geomagnetic pulsations. We present experimental data on Pc3 field recording which show negative (from Earth’s surface to air) energy fluxes Sz<0 and reflection coefficients |Q|>1. Using the model of inhomogeneous plane wave (Chetaev’s model), we try to analytically interpret anomalies of energy fluxes. According to a mathematical experiment there are two three-layer models with both electrical and magnetic modes satisfying the condition |Qh|>1. Here we discuss a possibility of explaining observable effects within the framework of the resonance model inhomogeneous plane wave — layered medium.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Land Magnetic survey along a profile from Akaz to Rutba town and its applications." Baghdad Science Journal 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2012): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.9.1.63-71.

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A land magnetic survey was carried out along regional profile, which is located at the north part of the Iraqi western desert. It starts from al –Qaam City (at north) toward Rutba City (at south) with a total length of 238km. The survey was carried out along the paved road between the two cities, About 113 measuring points were done with inter-station distance of 2 km (for 198 km) and 2 to 5km (for 40km). Two proton magnetometers were used in this survey. One of them is used for base station monitoring, which was fixed as of Salah Aldin field (Akkas). Its readings were used for diurnal corrections. All magnetic measurements were corrected for normal and topographic corrections. The readings were reduced to a certain base level. The resulted magnetic anomalies show a good correlation with those of Arial - magnetic survey anomalies conducted by (C.G.G, 1974). This is true for those anomalies with wavelength more than 50km. While the land magnetic survey has shown more small anomalies which may reflect near surface sources. In addition, there is a considerable difference between the magnetic intensity values of both surveys. The downward continuation method was used in this study for detecting the depth of magnetic anomaly source. But before applying this method the total magnetic field was converted to its vertical component using computer program packages. The 2.5 mathematical modeling techniques were used for interpreting magnetic anomaly. Several models were suggested according to the geological and geophysical surface and subsurface data. These models clearly suggest that the tectonic of the studied area may be completely affected by deep faults that could reach the basements or even cut it. These faults resulted in tectonic blocks with relative movements that could happen through the geological time, and they may be responsible for the tectonic features of the western desert. These faults could also responsible for the lateral and vertical variations that are noticed in subsurface rocks of the studied area. The subsurface lateral susceptibility variation between the different blocks could result from the variation in physical parameter of the rocks (like porosity, fracture density…) and there is a possibility that rocks beneath 18km (lower crust) still possess some magnetic properties.
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Balk, P. I., and A. S. Dolgal. "HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT STATUS OF THE FINITE ELEMENT APPROACH IN THE THEORY OF INTERPRETATION OF GRAVITATIONAL AND MAGNETIC ANOMALIES." Bulletin of Kamchatka Regional Association «Educational-Scientific Center». Earth Sciences, no. 5(56) (December 26, 2022): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31431/1816-5524-2022-4-56-19-40.

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Due to the discreteness of gravitational and magnetic fields measurements in the mathematical theory of interpretation, finite element models of the environment, which have universal capabilities to deploy various a priori information, are of paramount importance. Known methods for solving inverse problems for finite element models of field sources can be divided into two classes. The first, where the interpretation result is traditionally a single solution that is optimal according to some criterion, and the second, where the interpretation results reflect a representative subset of feasible solutions of the inverse problem, which increases their authenticity. The developments of the article authors for second class methods took shape in a guaranteed approach and additive technologies for interpreting geopotential fields. The proposed review aims to promote the second class methods in the practice of interpreting gravity and magnetic anomalies, which should contribute to a more complete extraction of information from geophysical data.
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Wang, Benlong, and Hua Liu. "Space–time behaviour of magnetic anomalies induced by tsunami waves in open ocean." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 469, no. 2157 (September 8, 2013): 20130038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0038.

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The magnetic anomaly induced by an inhomogeneous velocity field under tsunami waves in open ocean is investigated. With asymptotical analysis, an explicit series solution of the kinematic dynamo problem is established for weak dispersive water waves. The magnetic field induced by typical tsunami models, including single wave and -wave, can be directly obtained using the proposed series solution. The characteristics of the magnetic field induced by two realistic tsunami events are investigated. By analysis, the magnetic magnitude induced by a 1 m high tsunami is estimated as of the order of 10 nT at the sea surface, which depends on the wave parameters as well as the Earth's magnetic field. The space and time behaviour of the magnetic field shows fair similarity with the field data at Easter Island during the 2010 Chile tsunami.
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Ben Abdallah, Naoufel, Pierre Degond, and Florian Méhats. "Mathematical models of magnetic insulation." Physics of Plasmas 5, no. 5 (May 1998): 1522–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872810.

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Zhelnorovich, V. A. "On mathematical models of magnetic fluids." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 51, no. 4 (January 1987): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8928(87)90097-9.

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Kluth, Tobias. "Mathematical models for magnetic particle imaging." Inverse Problems 34, no. 8 (June 12, 2018): 083001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6420/aac535.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Magnetic anomalies Mathematical models"

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Santoso, Agus Mathematics &amp Statistics Faculty of Science UNSW. "Evolution of climate anomalies and variability of Southern Ocean water masses on interannual to centennial time scales." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/33355.

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In this study the natural variability of Southern Ocean water masses on interannual to centennial time scales is investigated using a long-term integration of the Commonwealth Scientic and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) coupled climate model. We focus our attention on analysing the variability of Antarctic IntermediateWater (AAIW), Circumpolar DeepWater (CDW), and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). We present an analysis of the dominant modes of temperature and salinity (T - S) variability within these water masses. Climate signals are detected and analysed as they get transmitted into the interior from the water mass formation regions. Eastward propagating wavenumber-1, -2, and -3 signals are identied using a complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis along the core of the AAIW layer. Variability in air-sea heat uxes and ice meltwater rates are shown by heat and salt budget analyses to control variability of Antarctic Surface Water where density surfaces associated with AAIW outcrop. The dominant mode in the CDW layer is found to exhibit an interbasin-scale of variability originating from the North Atlantic, and propagating southward into the Southern Ocean. Salinity dipole anomalies appear to propagate around the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation with the strengthening and weakening of North Atlantic Deep Water formation. In the AABW layer, T - S anomalies are shown to originate from the southwestern Weddell Sea, driven by salinity variations and convective overturning in the region. It is also demonstrated that the model exhibits spatial patterns of T - S variability for the most part consistent with limited observational record in the Southern Hemisphere. However, some observations of decadal T - S changes are found to be beyond that seen in the model in its unperturbed state. We further assess sea surface temperature (SST) variability modes in the Indian Ocean on interannual time scales in the CSIRO model and in reanalysis data. The emergence of a meridional SST dipole during years of southwest Western Australian rainfall extremes is shown to be connected to a large-scale mode of Indian Ocean climate variability. The evolution of the dipole is controlled by variations in atmospheric circulation driving anomalous latent heat uxes with wind-driven ocean transport moderating the impact of evaporation and setting the conditions favourable for the next generation phase of an opposite dipole.
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Al-Hachami, Ali. "Generalised mathematical models for 3D magnetic reconnection at null points : magnetic reconnection at null points." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2011. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a8cbc44e-abcc-4eb6-b4e8-2706f9ccc62f.

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Plasmas occur in many technical, laboratory and space environments, and often behave in a highly ideal manner. This means that advection of the plasma can store large amounts of energy in the magnetic field. This energy is released when a sudden change in the magnetic topology of the field occurs-facilitated by the process of `magnetic reconnection'. A great deal of research has been focussed on understanding the reconnection process and we now appreciate that the 3D process is critically di erent from early 2D models. The magnetic field in many astrophysical plasmas, for example in the solar corona, is known to have a highly complex { and clearly three-dimensional { structure. Turbulent plasma motions in high-ß regions where field lines are anchored, such as the solar interior, can store large amounts of energy in the magnetic field. This energy can only be released when magnetic reconnection occurs. Reconnection may only occur in locations where huge gradients of the magnetic field develop, and one candidate for such locations are magnetic null points, known to be abundant for example in the solar atmosphere. Reconnection leads to changes in the topology of the magnetic field, and energy being released as heat, kinetic energy and acceleration of particles. Thus reconnection is responsible for many dynamic processes, for instance solar flares and jets in the solar atmosphere.The aim of this thesis is to investigate the properties of magnetic reconnection at a 3D null point. One key focus will be to understand the dependence of the process on the symmetry of the magnetic field around the null. In particular we examine the rate of reconnection of magnetic flux at the null point, as well as how the current sheet forms and its properties. According to our present understanding, there are three main modes of magnetic reconnection that may occur at 3D nulls, spine-fan reconnection, torsional spine reconnection and torsional fan reconnection. We first consider the spine-fan reconnection mode. It is found that the basic structure of the mode of magnetic reconnection considered is una ected by varying the magnetic field symmetry, that is, the plasma flow is found to cross both the spine and fan of the null. However the peak intensity and dimensions of the current sheet are dependent on the symmetry/asymmetry of the field lines. As a result, the reconnection rate is also found to be strongly dependent on the field asymmetry. In addition, the properties of the torsional spine and torsional fan modes of magnetic reconnection at 3D nulls are investigated. New analytical models are developed which for the first time include a current layer that is fully spatially localised around the spine or fan of the null. The principal aim is to investigate the effect of varying the degree of asymmetry of the null point magnetic field on the resulting reconnection process { where previous studies always considered a non-generic radially symmetric null. Analytical solutions are derived for the steady kinematic equations at a three dimensional null point. In these models the electric current lies parallel to either the fan or spine. In order to conform the results of kinematic models, numerical simulations are performed in which the full set of resistive MHD equations are solved. It is found that the geometry of the current layers within which torsional spine and torsional fan reconnection occur is strongly dependent on the symmetry of the magnetic field. Torsional spine reconnection still occurs in a narrow tube around the spine, but with ellipticalcross-section when the fan eigenvalues are dfferent. The eccentricity of the ellipse increases as the degree of asymmetry increases, with the short axis of the ellipse being along the strong field direction. The spatiotemporal peak current, and the peak reconnection rate attained, are found not to depend strongly on the degree of asymmetry. For torsional fan reconnection, the reconnection occurs in a planar disk in the fan surface, which is again elliptical when the symmetry of the magnetic field is broken. The short axis of the ellipse is along the weak field direction, with the current being peaked in these weak field regions. The peak current and peak reconnection rate in this case are clearly dependent on the asymmetry, with the peak current increasing but the reconnection rate decreasing as the degree of asymmetry is increased.
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Klochan, Oleh V. Physics Faculty of Science UNSW. "Ballistic transport in one-dimensional p-type GaAs devices." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/35186.

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In this thesis we study GaAs one dimensional hole systems with strong spin-orbit interaction effects. The primary focus is the Zeeman splitting of 1D subbands in the two orthogonal in-plane magnetic field directions. We study two types of 1D hole systems based on different (311)A grown heterostructures: a modulation doped GaAs/AlGaAs square quantum well and an undoped induced GaAs/AlGaAs triangular quantum well. The results from the modulation doped 1D wire show enhanced anisotropy of the effective Lande g-factor for the two in-plane field directions (parallel and perpendicular to the wire), compared to that in 2D hole systems. This enhancement is explained by the confinement induced reorientation of the total angular momentum ^ J from perpendicular to the 2D plane to in-plane and parallel to the wire. We use the intrinsic anisotropy of the in-plane g-factors to probe the 0:7 structure and the zero bias anomaly in 1D hole wires. We find that the behaviour of the 0:7 structure and the ZBA are correlated and depend strongly on the orientation of the in-plane field. This result proves the connection between the 0:7 and the ZBA and their relation to spin. We fabricate the first induced hole 1D wire with extremely stable gate characteristics and characterize this device. We also fabricate devices with two orthogonal induced hole wires on one chip, to study the interplay between the confinement, crystallographic anisotropy and spin-orbit coupling and their effect on the Zeeman splitting. We find that the ratios of the g-factors in the two orthogonal field directions for the two wires show opposite behaviour. We compare absolute values of the g-factors relative to the magnetic field direction. For B || [011] the g-factor is large for the wire along [011] and small for the wire along [233]. Whereas for B || [233], the g-factors are large irrespective of the wire direction. The former result can be explained by reorientation of ^ J along the wire, and the latter by an additional off-diagonal Zeeman term, which leads to the out-of-plane component of ^ J when B || [233], and as a result, to enhanced g-factors via increased exchange interactions.
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Fuentes, Fernández Jorge. "MHD evolution of magnetic null points to static equilibria." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1897.

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In magnetised plasmas, magnetic reconnection is the process of magnetic field merging and recombination through which considerable amounts of magnetic energy may be converted into other forms of energy. Reconnection is a key mechanism for solar flares and coronal mass ejections in the solar atmosphere, it is believed to be an important source of heating of the solar corona, and it plays a major role in the acceleration of particles in the Earth's magnetotail. For reconnection to occur, the magnetic field must, in localised regions, be able to diffuse through the plasma. Ideal locations for diffusion to occur are electric current layers formed from rapidly changing magnetic fields in short space scales. In this thesis we consider the formation and nature of these current layers in magnetised plasmas. The study of current sheets and current layers in two, and more recently, three dimensions, has been a key field of research in the last decades. However, many of these studies do not take plasma pressure effects into consideration, and rather they consider models of current sheets where the magnetic forces sum to zero. More recently, others have started to consider models in which the plasma beta is non-zero, but they simply focus on the actual equilibrium state involving a current layer and do not consider how such an equilibrium may be achieved physically. In particular, they do not allow energy conversion between magnetic and internal energy of the plasma on their way to approaching the final equilibrium. In this thesis, we aim to describe the formation of equilibrium states involving current layers at both two and three dimensional magnetic null points, which are specific locations where the magnetic field vanishes. The different equilibria are obtained through the non-resistive dynamical evolution of perturbed hydromagnetic systems. The dynamic evolution relaxes via viscous damping, resulting in viscous heating. We have run a series of numerical experiments using LARE, a Lagrangian-remap code, that solves the full magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with user controlled viscosity and resistivity. To allow strong current accumulations to be created in a static equilibrium, we set the resistivity to be zero and hence simply reach our equilibria by solving the ideal MHD equations. We first consider the relaxation of simple homogeneous straight magnetic fields embedded in a plasma, and determine the role of the coupling between magnetic and plasma forces, both analytically and numerically. Then, we study the formation of current accumulations at 2D magnetic X-points and at 3D magnetic nulls with spine-aligned and fan-aligned current. At both 2D X-points and 3D nulls with fan-aligned current, the current density becomes singular at the location of the null. It is impossible to be precisely achieve an exact singularity, and instead, we find a gradual continuous increase of the peak current over time, and small, highly localised forces acting to form the singularity. In the 2D case, we give a qualitative description of the field around the magnetic null using a singular function, which is found to vary within the different topological regions of the field. Also, the final equilibrium depends exponentially on the initial plasma pressure. In the 3D spine-aligned experiments, in contrast, the current density is mainly accumulated along and about the spine, but not at the null. In this case, we find that the plasma pressure does not play an important role in the final equilibrium. Our results show that current sheet formation (and presumably reconnection) around magnetic nulls is held back by non-zero plasma betas, although the value of the plasma pressure appears to be much less important for torsional reconnection. In future studies, we may consider a broader family of 3D nulls, comparing the results with the analytical calculations in 2D, and the relaxation of more complex scenarios such as 3D magnetic separators.
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Cook, Graeme Robert. "Magnetic flux transport simulations : applications to solar and stellar magnetic fields." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2072.

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Magnetic fields play a key role in a wide variety of phenomena found on the Sun. One such phenomena is the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) where a large amount of material is ejected from the Sun. CME’s may directly affect the earth, therefore understanding their origin is of key importance for space weather and the near-Earth environment. In this thesis, the nature and evolution of solar magnetic fields is considered through a combination of Magnetic Flux Transport Simulations and Potential Field Source Surface Models. The Magnetic Flux Transport Simulations produce a realistic description of the evolution and distribution of the radial magnetic field at the level of the solar photosphere. This is then applied as a lower boundary condition for the Potential Field Source Surface Models which prescribe a coronal magnetic field. Using these two techniques, the location and variation of coronal null points, a key element in the Magnetic Breakout Model of CMEs, are determined. Results show that the number of coronal null points follow a cyclic variation in phase with the solar cycle. In addition, they preferentially form at lower latitudes as a result of the complex active latitude field. Although a significant number of coronal nulls may exist at any one time (≈ 17), it is shown that only half may satisfy the necessary condition for breakout. From this it is concluded that while the Magnetic Breakout Model of CMEs is an important model in understanding the origin of the CMEs, other processes must occur in order to explain the observed number of CMEs. Finally, the Magnetic Flux Transport Simulations are applied to stellar magnetic fields and in particular to the fast rotating star HD171488. From this speculative study it is shown that the Magnetic Flux Transport Simulations constructed for the Sun may be applied in very different stellar circumstances and that for HD171488 a significantly higher rate of meridional flow (1200-1400 ms⁻¹) is required to match observed magnetic field distributions.
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Gillett, David Alan. "Transient free radicals studied by laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:038bdb7e-1f8c-4112-bcea-4a0ca7ab7bcf.

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A liquid nitrogen cooled, carbon monoxide laser magnetic resonance spectrometer was used to study mid-infrared vibration-rotation transitions in the gaseous free radical NCO, in its ̅X2Π state, at very high resolution. The use of an intracavity absorption cell made possible the observation of some transitions with sub-Doppler resolution. Developments to the spectrometer extended the range of operation of the CO laser. Most importantly, a CO laser operating on overtone transitions, Δν = 2, was operated in Oxford. The Δν = 2 CO laser operates over the range 2450-3800cm-1 (4.08-2.63 μm), and the Δν = 1 CO laser over the range 1200-2100 cm-1 (8.33-4.76 μm). NCO exhibits a Renner-Teller effect in its ground electronic state, an interaction between the motion of the electrons and the bending motion of the nuclei. Vibration-rotation transitions were observed in a sequence of bands involving the excitation of the out-of-phase stretching vibration, in the region of 1900cm-1. Some of the bands involved the excited bending vibration. The Zeeman effect behaviour of the molecular energy levels, particularly in the 2Σ vibronic states, clearly showed the manifestation of the Renner-Teller effect. The Zeeman effect in the 2Σ vibronic states was considered in detail. Many of the 2Σ LMR spectra were recorded at sub-Doppler resolution. NCO is complicated to model, and unassigned LMR spectra remain. A harmonic Renner-Teller model was developed for the analysis. It was implemented by constructing an explicit matrix representation of the single electronic state N2 effective Hamiltonian, which was diagonalised exactly. A new term in this Hamiltonian, describing centrifugal distortion corrections to the Renner-Teller coupling term, was developed for the 2Σ vibronic states in order to account for anharmonic vibronic interactions.
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Stevenson, Julie E. H. "On the properties of single-separator MHS equilibria and the nature of separator reconnection." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6678.

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This thesis considers the properties of MHS equilibria formed through non-resistive MHD relaxation of analytical non-potential magnetic field models, which contain two null points connected by a generic separator. Four types of analytical magnetic fields are formulated, with different forms of current. The magnetic field model which has a uniform current directed along the separator, is used through the rest of this thesis to form MHS equilibria and to study reconnection. This magnetic field, which is not force-free, embedded in a high-beta plasma, relaxes non-resistively using a 3D MHD code. The relaxation causes the field about the separator to collapse leading to a twisted current layer forming along the separator. The MHS equilibrium current layer slowly becomes stronger, longer, wider and thinner with time. Its properties, and the properties of the plasma, are found to depend on the initial parameters of the magnetic field, which control the geometry of the magnetic configuration. Such a MHS equilibria is used in a high plasma-beta reconnection experiment. An anomalous resistivity ensures that only the central strong current in the separator current layer is dissipated. The reconnection occurs in two phases characterised by fast and slow reconnection, respectively. Waves, launched from the diffusion site, communicate the loss of force balance at the current layer and set up flows in the system. The energy transport in this system is dominated by Ohmic dissipation. Several methods are presented which allow a low plasma-beta value to be approached in the single-separator model. One method is chosen and this model is relaxed non-resistively to form a MHS equilibrium. A twisted current layer grows along the separator, containing stronger current than in the high plasma-beta experiments, and has a local enhancement in pressure inside it. The growth rate of this current layer is similar to that found in the high plasma-beta experiments, however, the current layer becomes thinner and narrower over time.
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Pang, Yong, and 龐勇. "Advance in two-dimensional RF pulse design and transmit SENSE." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40887856.

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Saxena, Siddharth Shanker. "Magnetic and superconducting phases of heavy fermion compounds." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323011.

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Crain, Bruce Richard. "Vector finite element methods for spurious-free solutions of unbounded dielectric and ferrite loaded waveguiding structures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15501.

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Books on the topic "Magnetic anomalies Mathematical models"

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khan. Anomalies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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Zhang, Lu. Anomalies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Iványi, Amália. Magnetic field computation with R-functions. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1998.

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Anomalies in stock returns on a thin security market. Helsingfors: Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, 1986.

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Ponce, David A. Preliminary gravity and magnetic models across Midway Valley and Yucca Wash, Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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Peddie, Norman W. Magnetic models for the United States for 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Peddie, Norman W. Magnetic models for the United States for 1985. Washington, DC: Dept. of the Interior, 1990.

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Götz, Stefan Matthias. Magnetic neurostimulation from a physical perspective. Aachen: Shaker Verlag, 2013.

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Ivaányi, Amália. Magnetic field computation with R-functions. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1998.

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Bonfrer, Andre. Anomalies in estimates of cross-price elasticities for marketing mix models: Theory and empirical test. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Magnetic anomalies Mathematical models"

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Antonov, Nikolay V., and Nikolay M. Gulitskiy. "Two-Loop Calculation of the Anomalous Exponents in the Kazantsev-Kraichnan Model of Magnetic Hydrodynamics." In Mathematical Modeling and Computational Science, 128–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28212-6_11.

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Kurzke, Matthias, Christof Melcher, and Roger Moser. "Vortex Motion for the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert Equation with Applied Magnetic Field." In Singular Phenomena and Scaling in Mathematical Models, 113–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00786-1_6.

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Yu, Qiang, Xuesong Wang, Yuhu Cheng, and Lisi Tian. "An Analytical Model of Concentric Layer Structure for Canned Machines, Part II: Magnetic Field." In Analysis and Mathematical Models of Canned Electrical Machine Drives, 113–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2745-2_5.

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Lehto, Ari. "3-D Period Doubling and Magnetic Moments of Particles." In Modern Mathematical Models of Time and their Applications to Physics and Cosmology, 321–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5628-8_27.

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Nefedov, Andrej P., and Viktor D. Lakhno. "Dusty Particle Interaction in Plasma, Placed in Magnetic Field." In Mathematical Models of Non-Linear Excitations, Transfer, Dynamics, and Control in Condensed Systems and Other Media, 171–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4799-0_15.

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Carruthers, Richard M., and John D. Cornwell. "Gravity and Magnetic Methods." In Continental Shelf Limits. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117820.003.0018.

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Lateral variations in the density and magnetization of the rocks within the crust give rise to "anomalies" in the Earth's gravity and magnetic fields. These anomalies can be measured and interpreted in terms of the geology both in a qualitative sense, by mapping out trends and changes in anomaly style, and quantitatively, by creating models of the subsurface which reproduce the observed fields. Such interpretations are generally less definitive in themselves than the results from seismic surveys (see chapter 12), but the data are widely available and can provide information in areas where other methods are ineffective or have not been applied. As the different geophysical techniques respond to specific rock properties such as density, magnetization, and acoustic velocity, the results are complementary, and a fully integrated approach to data collection and interpretation is generally more effective than the sum of its parts assessed on an individual basis. Gravity and magnetic data have been acquired, at least to a reconnaissance scale, over most of the world. In particular, the release into the public domain of satellite altimetry information (combined with improved methods of data processing) means that there is gravity coverage to a similar standard for most of the offshore region to within about 50 km of the coast. Magnetic anomalies recorded from satellites provide global coverage, but the high altitude of the observations means that only large-scale features extending over many 10s of kilometers are delineated. Reconnaissance aeromagnetic surveys with flight lines 10-20 km apart provide a lateral anomaly resolution similar to that of the satellite gravity data. Oceanographic surveys undertaken by a variety of academic and research institutions are another valuable source of data in remote regions offshore which supplement and extend the more detailed coverage obtained over the continental shelves, for example, by oil companies in areas of hydrocarbon interest. Surveys over land vary widely in terms of acquisition parameters and quality, but some form of national compilation is available from many countries. A number of possible applications of the potential field (i.e., gravity and magnetic) data follow from the terms set out by UNCLOS. Paragraph 4(b) of article 76 states, "In the absence of evidence to the contrary, the foot of the continental slope is to be determined as the point of maximum change in the gradient at its base" (italics added).
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Geoffroy, Laurent, Laurent Gernigon, and Gillian R. Foulger. "Linear magnetic anomalies and the limits of oceanic crust in oceans." In In the Footsteps of Warren B. Hamilton: New Ideas in Earth Science. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2553(06).

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ABSTRACT The true partitioning between continental and oceanic lithosphere in oceans is unclear. According to early models, oceanic-type accretion generates pairs of linear magnetic anomalies, which are indicators of oceanic lithosphere and can be used as isochrons formed by seafloor spreading. However, seaward-dipping reflectors at conjugate volcanic passive margins also generate linear magnetic anomalies. The thick wedges of the inner seaward-dipping reflectors are associated with magnetic anomalies that are clearly distinct in shape and amplitude from those recorded in the distal oceanic realm. However, linear magnetic anomalies indistinguishable from those related to oceanic crust exist in the outer seaward-dipping reflector domain of many volcanic passive margins. Located seaward of the inner seaward-dipping reflectors, the crust of outer seaward-dipping reflectors is thus generally considered to be “oceanic.” However, the outer seaward-dipping reflector crust may be interpreted as tectonically exhumed mid-to-lower magma-intruded continental crust covered with syntectonic basalts. Although both oceanic crust and outer seaward-dipping reflector crust are associated with thick lava sections, the linear magnetic anomalies of outer seaward-dipping reflectors represent pre-oceanization magnetic anomalies that develop along extended continental lithosphere. We illustrate the consequence of these uncertainties on the type of lithosphere between Greenland and Europe. Here, depending on latitude, 20%–100% of the lithosphere previously thought to be oceanic might, on the contrary, be continental. Since more than 50% of passive margins worldwide are volcanic, poor mapping of seaward-dipping reflector–bearing crust types, and misinterpretation of linear magnetic anomaly–bearing distal volcanic passive-margin crust, could have led to widespread overestimation of the age of con tinental breakup and the extent of oceanic lithosphere in oceans.
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Ait Hammou, Brahim, Abdelhamid El Kaaouachi, Abdellatif El Oujdi, Adil Echchelh, Said Dlimi, Chi-Te Liang, and Jamal Hemine. "Modeling the Bulk and Nanometric Dielectric Functions of Au and Ag." In Magnetic Skyrmions. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96123.

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In this work, we model the dielectric functions of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) which are typically used in photonics and plasmonics. The modeling has been performed on Au and Ag in bulk and in nanometric states. The dielectric function is presented as a complex number with a real part and an imaginary part. First, we will model the experimental measurements of the dielectric constant as a function of the pulsation ω by appropriate mathematical functions in an explicit way. In the second part we will highlight the contributions to the dielectric constant value due to intraband and interband electronic transitions. In the last part of this work we model the dielectric constant of these metals in the nanometric state using several complex theoretical models such as the Drude Lorentz theory, the Drude two-point critical model, and the Drude three-point critical model. We shall comment on which model fits the experimental dielectric function best over a range of pulsation.
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S. Williams, Kristin. "Applications of Quantum Mechanics, Laws of Classical Physics, and Differential Calculus to Evaluate Source Localization According to the Electroencephalogram." In Biomedical Engineering. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102831.

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Applications of quantum mechanics and physics-based calculus allow for advanced mathematical modeling of source localization estimations. Because EEG waveforms can be modeled as continuous or discrete quantum matter, algorithmic models that estimate current source density must also consider the statistical properties of the dipole fields that are etiologically relevant to the reflected waveforms. Further applications of quantum physics to the electroencephalogram (EEG) suggest that neurodynamic behavior that originates in thalamo-cortical regions compared to cortico-cortical regions yield divergent 3-dimensional dispersions of wave forms and quantum energy. Evaluations of the dispersion of quantum energy and dipole magnetic fields according to classical physics and electromagnetism indicate that the area of tissue by which the oscillatory mechanisms are thought to originate inherently influences the algorithmic modeling and estimations current source density. Principles and algorithms related to classical physics are included within this paper to evaluate limitations of algorithmic models of source localization and the inverse problem.
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Mahto, Rakeshkumar, and Reshma John. "Modeling of Photovoltaic Module." In Solar Cells [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97082.

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A Photovoltaic (PV) cell is a device that converts sunlight or incident light into direct current (DC) based electricity. Among other forms of renewable energy, PV-based power sources are considered a cleaner form of energy generation. Due to lower prices and increased efficiency, they have become much more popular than any other renewable energy source. In a PV module, PV cells are connected in a series and parallel configuration, depending on the voltage and current rating, respectively. Hence, PV modules tend to have a fixed topology. However, in the case of partial shading, mismatching or failure of a single PV cell can lead to many anomalies in a PV module’s functioning. If proper attention is not given, it can lead to the forward biasing of healthy PV cells in the module, causing them to consume the electricity instead of producing it, hence reducing the PV module’s overall efficiency. Hence, to further the PV module research, it is essential to have an approximate way to model them. Doing so allows for understanding the design’s pros and cons before deploying the PV module-based power system in the field. In the last decade, many mathematical models for PV cell simulation and modeling techniques have been proposed. The most popular among all the techniques are diode based PV modeling. In this book chapter, the author will present a double diode based PV cell modeling. Later, the PV module modeling will be presented using these techniques that incorporate mismatch, partial shading, and open/short fault. The partial shading and mismatch are reduced by incorporating a bypass diode along with a group of four PV cells. The mathematical model for showing the effectiveness of bypass diode with PV cells in reducing partial shading effect will also be presented. Additionally, in recent times besides fixed topology of series–parallel, Total Cross-Tied (TCT), Bridge Link (BL), and Honey-Comb (H-C) have shown a better capability in dealing with partial shading and mismatch. The book chapter will also cover PV module modeling using TCT, BL, and H-C in detail.
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Conference papers on the topic "Magnetic anomalies Mathematical models"

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Belanger, Adrian, Dane Burden, and Paul Dalfonso. "Not All Data Is Good Data: The Challenges of Using Machine Learning With ILI." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-86934.

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Abstract Machine learning (ML) has grown extensively in most industries, with learning models driving state of the art performance in a variety of tasks. The in-line inspection (ILI) industry is no exception: applications of machine learning techniques have provided promising results for a wide range of needs. Metal loss anomaly sizing, fitting classification, and identification of interacting threats have all benefited from different forms of learning models. The success of any learning model requires detailed attention at all stages of the process, as small nuances often manifest misleading results. The ability of an ILI data analyst to accurately identify pipeline anomalies, most importantly anomalies that affect the integrity of a pipeline, is based on experience. Experience can be sub-divided into two categories, observations and truth, which allow a data analyst to identify patterns and make predictions. Supervised learning models mimic this process by using a mapped set of inputs (observations) to outputs (truth) to develop a mathematical function that can be applied to new examples. The input parameters, referred to as training data, are a vector of engineered features relating to the desired output. Like a data analyst’s experience, the quantity, quality and representation of the training data directly influence the performance of predictions made by the model. Data curation, a process that includes the collection, analysis and labeling of data used to train the mathematical model, is critical and time-consuming. When curating data for the development of a supervised model, two main obstacles must be overcome. First, data from two measurement methods, for example, magnetic flux leakage (MFL) and in-the-ditch non-destructive examination (NDE), must be precisely correlated. Second, the training data must represent the population of future predictions and minimize coverage error by containing enough appropriate examples. Metal loss anomalies examined by NDE are correlated to the predicted geometries of interacting ILI signatures that do not always align one-to-one. The estimated position on the pipe is made from onboard ILI tool instruments and is subject to measurement accuracy. The small errors contained in each measurement method can make precisely matching the NDE measurements to the ILI measurements a tedious effort and minimizing the compounding errors requires diligence. The one-to-many and direct-to-indirect measurement relationships between NDE and ILI make generalizing input features and labeling training data a challenging task. In addition to overcoming the difficulties associated with correlating and labeling training data, significant attention must also be given to the distribution of features being represented. This includes metal loss geometry as well as the engineered model input features. With dozens of dimensions included in the input vector of supervised learning models, representing the possible permutations can be overwhelming. Using NDE external laser scans to maximize training data and dimensionality reduction techniques can help, but do not remove all underlying contributions. After curating, developing, and training a model, it is possible to assess the associated performance, but this should be approached with cautious optimism. To accomplish this, a general machine learning practice is to hold out a portion of the training data to test model predictions while an iterative development cycle refines the engineered features, model architecture and training process. Since no two pipelines or inspections are identical, validation against blind data is crucial. Although the standard training hold-out practice may make data appear to be blind, it often includes highly correlated features and the iterative development cycle may inadvertently lead to bias. Attention to the distribution of blind hold-out data helps verify the generalization of a model and more accurately represents future performance. This paper describes the development of an ILI machine learning model at each stage of the process and contrasts the performance of correctly utilizing data in training and testing to that of incorrectly utilized data.
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MASTROPIETRO, VIERI. "ISING MODELS, UNIVERSALITY AND THE NON RENORMALIZATION OF THE QUANTUM ANOMALIES." In XVIth International Congress on Mathematical Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814304634_0010.

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Stavrev, P. Y., and N. Krastev. "Inversion of Magnetic Anomalies Using Affine Transforms of Geometrical Source Models." In 7th Congress of the Balkan Geophysical Society. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20131720.

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Fedorova, Natalia, Lev Muravyev, and Alexey Roublev. "Mathematical methods for lithospheric magnetic anomalies modelling (Case study of Taratash anticlinorium, Southern Urals)." In CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON THERMOPHYSICS 2019 (CEST). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5114402.

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Avakyan, L. A., A. S. Manukyan, E. V. Paramonova, A. S. Bogdan, G. S. Sukharina, E. G. Sharoyan, and L. A. Bugaev. "Reactive force-field molecular dynamic models of iron/oxide/carbon nanocomposites designed for magnetic hyperthermia." In Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics. Pushchino: IMPB RAS - Branch of KIAM RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17537/icmbb18.42.

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Horyachko, Vsevolod, Orest Hamola, and Taras Ryzhyi. "Calculation of Windings Differential Inductances of Electrical Devices in Mathematical Models with a Total Magnetic Flux." In 2020 IEEE 21st International Conference on Computational Problems of Electrical Engineering (CPEE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpee50798.2020.9238713.

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Hoopes, P. J., Alicia A. Petryk, Adwiteeya Misra, Elliot J. Kastner, John A. Pearce, and Thomas P. Ryan. "Utility and translatability of mathematical modeling, cell culture and small and large animal models in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia cancer treatment research." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Thomas P. Ryan. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2084285.

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Chooi, Weng W., and S. Olutunde Oyadiji. "Mathematical Modelling and Design and of MR Dampers." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58447.

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Most magnetorheological (MR) fluid devices are fixed-pole valve mode devices where the fluid flows through a magnetically active valve. Controlling the strength of the magnetic field inside the valve allows the rheological properties of the MR fluid to be varied. Upon the application of a magnetic field, MR fluids develop a yield stress, which must be overcome before any flow is possible. This behavior can be represented mathematically by models of fluid with a yield stress like the Bingham plastic model. MR dampers have utilized this property of the MR fluids to provide controllable, semi-active vibration control. The most effective and widely used configuration of MR dampers incorporates an annular gap through which the MR fluid is force to flow. This paper presents a solution for annulus flows, derived from fundamental equations of fluid mechanics, of any general model of fluid with a yield stress. An example of the application of the general analytical expressions using the Herschel-Buckley model is given, and the limitations of the parallel plate approximation is illustrated for configurations whereby the size of the annular gap relative to the mean radius is large. Finally, the flow solution is incorporated into the mathematical model of an MR damper designed at the University of Manchester, and simulation results incorporating the effects of compressibility in the modeling procedure are presented. It was shown that this model can describe the major characteristics of such a device — nonlinear, asymmetric and hysteretic behaviors — successfully.
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Khulief, Y. A., and F. A. Al-Sulaiman. "Experimentally-Tuned Mathematical Model for Drillstring Vibrations." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35057.

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Field experience manifests that drillstring vibration is one of the major causes for a deteriorated drilling performance. It is crucial to understand the complex vibrational mechanisms experienced by a drilling system in order to better control its functional operation and improve its performance. Experimental studies of drillstring dynamics are essential to complement the theoretical studies, and to alleviate the complexity of such dynamic models. This paper presents an experimental investigation using a specially designed drilling test rig. The test rig can simulate the drillstring vibrational response due to various excitation mechanisms, which include stick-slip, well-borehole contact, and drilling fluid interaction. The test rig is driven by a variable speed motor which allows for testing different drilling speeds, while a magnetic tension brake is used to simulated stick-slip. In addition, a shaker is employed to excite the drillstring axially in order to simulate the weight-on-bit (WOB). The drillstring is instrumented for vibration measurements. The experimentally identified parameters are used to refine the finite element multibody model of the drillstring, which was derived earlier by the investigators [1]. Comparisons with published data demonstrate the reliability of the developed scheme for prediction of drillstring vibrations.
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Sun, Zhe, Jingjing Zhao, Zhengang Shi, and Suyuan Yu. "Identification of Flexible Rotor Suspended by Magnetic Bearings." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16220.

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Magnetic bearings are widely applied in High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR), where the rotating machineries are running under high purely helium environment. In designing and adjusting a magnetic bearing system, the mathematical model of the rotor plays an important role. Identification is a useful method to obtain the model of a rotor. However, there are some practical difficulties of identifying a magnetic bearing-rotor system without force sensors. This paper proposes an identification method for flexible rotor suspended by magnetic bearings. In this method, two experiments under different bearing stiffness are performed, the models obtained by these two experiments are then transformed to the desired rotor model and the influence of bearing stiffness is eliminated in this transformation. The proposed method is validated on an experimental system with a five degree-of-freedom suspended flexible rotor.
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