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Journal articles on the topic 'Magnesium rare-earth alloys'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Wang, Xiaomin, Yang Su, Lili Guo, Yan Liu, Honggang Li, and Hailin Ren. "Research Progress of Heat Resistant Magnesium Alloys." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2160, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2160/1/012015.

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Abstract Magnesium alloy has extremely excellent properties and is known as “21st Century Green Engineering Material”. This article mainly introduces the influence of the heat resistance and comprehensive performance of the three series of Mg-Al, Mg-Zn and Mg-RE heat-resistant magnesium alloys after adding rare earth elements, alkali metal elements and other elements. Three development directions of improving the heat resistance of magnesium alloys are prospected. These are: 1. Using cheap alloy elements (such as Ca, Si, etc.) to replace rare earth elements of the heat-resistant magnesium alloy, 2. Titanium element is added to improve heat-resistant magnesium alloy’s mechanical properties and its strength, 3. The new casting process and processing technology are used to improve the heat-resistant magnesium alloy’s properties. This article aims to provide technical reference for the development of my country’s magnesium alloy industry.

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2

Stanford, Nicole. "Recrystallisation of Magnesium Alloys Containing Rare-Earth Elements." Materials Science Forum 753 (March 2013): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.753.297.

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The static recrystallisation behaviour of two magnesium alloys after hot rolling have been examined. The alloys chosen for study were the conventional alloy AZ31, and an alloy containing the rare earth element Gadolinium. The recrystallisation kinetics were lower for the rare-earth alloy at low annealing temperatures, but at high annealing temperatures the kinetics were higher for the rare-earth alloy. It is suggested that this change in the comparative recrystallisation kinetics is a result of the improved mobility of the rare-earth solute at higher temperatures. This affects the recrystallisation kinetics through solute partitioning to the grain boundaries. The effect of this segregation on the recrystallisation texture is also discussed.

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3

Mirza, F. A., Dao Lun Chen, De Jiang Li, and Xiao Qin Zeng. "Cyclic Deformation of Rare-Earth Containing Magnesium Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.391.

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Cyclic deformation characteristics of a rare-earth (RE) element containing extruded Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr (GW103K) magnesium alloy were evaluated via strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue tests under varying strain amplitudes. Microstructural observations revealed that this alloy consisted of fine equiaxed grains and a large number of RE-containing precipitates. Unlike the RE-free extruded magnesium alloys, this alloy exhibited essentially cyclic stabilization and symmetrical hysteresis loop due to relatively weak crystallographic textures and reduced twinning-detwinning activities. The fatigue life of the present alloy was observed to be longer than that of the RE-free extruded magnesium alloys, which could also be described by the Coffin-Manson law and Basquins equation. Fatigue crack was observed to initiate from the specimen surface and crack propagation was basically characterized by fatigue striations.

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4

Sivashanmugam, N., and K. L. Harikrishna. "Influence of Rare Earth Elements in Magnesium Alloy - A Mini Review." Materials Science Forum 979 (March 2020): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.979.162.

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In recent days, the use of Magnesium and its alloys is preferred in defence, automotive and aerospace industries where large size and complex components are required in light weight. Besides, magnesium alloys are used in computers, electronic devices and biomedical applications. Alloying magnesium with rare earth elements (RE) is used to develop the light alloys for the stated applications at elevated temperature. Rare earth magnesium alloys are having unique properties over other metals, including a high specific strength, low thermal conductivity, good damping capacity and good castability. In this review article, the recent development of rare earth magnesium alloys will be reviewed from the view point of novel alloying designs. It has been revealed that in ternary alloy system Mg-ZN-RE alloy exhibited high strength and ductility. This leads the researchers to investigate Mg-ZN-RE alloy recently.

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5

Ding, Jian, Zheng Fang, Lin Qin, and Wei Min Zhao. "Effect of Re Addition on the Ignition Resistance of Pure Magnesium." Materials Science Forum 788 (April 2014): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.788.88.

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This paper focus on the effect of rare earth elements addition on the oxidation resistance of pure magnesium. The results show that the ignition points of the Mg-RE alloys vary like “V” along with the increase of the rare earth elements. When the content of Y reaches 10wt%, the ignition point of magnesium alloy is 890K, about 40K higher than the ignition point of pure magnesium. After the addition of rare earth elements, dense oxide film forms on the surface of Mg-RE alloys. The outer oxidation film mainly consists of rare earth oxide.

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6

Gu, Ting Ting, Hong Qi Xia, Li Xin Liu, Jing Liu, Ting Qi, Hong Yang Zhao, and Zhi Gang Fang. "Electrochemical Behavior of AZ Magnesium Alloy Containing Rare Earth Element." Materials Science Forum 750 (March 2013): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.750.60.

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The electrochemical behavior of a new magnesium alloy (AZ61) containing rare earth elements-cerium (Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Ce alloys) was investigated in 3% NaCl electrolyte using electrochemical methods such as linear sweep voltammetry, Tafel curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the surface morphologies of magnesium and its alloys. The results shows that compared with that of the most commonly used Mg alloy–AZ61, the cerium containing magnesium alloy exhibited higher electrochemical activity, and higher corrosion resistance. The electrochemical activity of Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Ce was higher than that of Mg and Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Ce alloys in 3% NaCl. The corrosion resistive order decreased in the following sequence: Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Ce > Mg-Al-Zn-Mn > Mg. The electrolytes favored anodic magnesium oxidation, but the alloying element of Ce facilitated the formation of dense passive films on alloy surfaces.

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7

Arrabal, Raúl, Marta Mohedano, Angel Pardo, Karín Paucar, M. Concepción Merino, Endzhe Matykina, Beatriz Mingo, and Gerardo Garcés. "Galvanic corrosion of rare earth modified AM50 and AZ91D magnesium alloys coupled to steel and aluminium alloys." Revista de Metalurgia 50, no. 1 (March 30, 2014): e002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.002.

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8

Guo, Rui Hua, Jie Yu Zhang, Lin Min Wang, Yi Fan, and Ying Jian Guo. "Research on the Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Magnesium Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.84.

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Magnesium, as a kind of lightweight engineering material whose reserves is considerable abundant in the earth, is green environment-friendly materials for the 21st century. Magnesium alloys with its proportion of smaller than the advantages of high strength, good thermal conductivity and easy machining, is becoming a hot spot of attention and research. In this paper, the effects of magnesium alloys thermal conductivity and heat diffusivity were analyzed by consulting documents. Researches showed that all effects of the electron or phonon movement had affected thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of alloys. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of rare earth magnesium alloy were summarized by literature data, Researches showed that Add moderate amount of rare earth elements can improve the thermal conductivity and heat diffusivity of magnesium alloys.

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9

Kiełbus, Andrzej, Joanna Michalska, and Bartłomiej Dybowski. "The Electrochemical and Immersion Corrosion of Casting Magnesium Alloys Containing Rare Earth Elements." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.79.

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<p>Magnesium alloys are widely used mainly in automotive and aerospace industries. There is quite a lot of information about corrosion of the magnesium alloys in available literature. However, the publications concern mainly Mg-Al alloys, while there is a lack of information about Mg-RE-Zr alloys. The following paper presents results of the investigations on the electrochemical corrosion of magnesium casting alloys containing rare earth elements (WE43, WE54, EV31A-Elektron 21) as well as pure magnesium. The alloys were investigated by immersion test in 3.5% NaCl for times up to 7 days. Electrochemical investigations were carried out at ambient temperature in aerated NaCl solution, using potentiodynamic polarization method. It has been shown that the best corrosion resistance is exhibited by alloys with yttrium addition (WE43, WE54), while the weakest by pure magnesium. EV31A alloy exhibits the highest corrosion rate during the immersion test, while WE54 and WE43 alloys had a similar corrosion behavior.</p>

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10

Trivedi, P., K. C. Nune, and R. D. K. Misra. "Degradation behaviour of magnesium-rare earth biomedical alloys." Materials Technology 31, no. 12 (September 6, 2016): 726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10667857.2016.1213550.

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11

Nakatsugawa,, I., S. Kamado,, Y. Kojima,, R. Ninomiya,, and K. Kubota,. "Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys Containing Rare Earth Elements." Corrosion Reviews 16, no. 1-2 (June 1998): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev.1998.16.1-2.139.

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12

Basu, I., and T. Al-Samman. "Twin recrystallization mechanisms in magnesium-rare earth alloys." Acta Materialia 96 (September 2015): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.05.044.

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13

Xiong, Xin Hong, Dun Miao Quan, Jia Lin Chen, Qiao Xin Zhang, and Yun Chen. "Research on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Mg-RE and Mg-Zn-Cu Alloys." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.82.

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Rare earth magnesium alloys and Mg-Zn-Cu alloys were prepared by gravity casting and direct squeezing casting respectively, and the corrosion performances of three kinds of Mg-Zn-Cu alloys were compared in this paper. The results indicate that adding rare earth elements and direct squeezing casting process can significantly increase the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys, and aluminum can improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys.

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14

Zhang, D. P., D. Q. Fang, J. Wang, D. X. Tang, H. Y. Lu, L. S. Zhao, and Jian Meng. "Preparation of Magnesium-Rare Earth Master Alloy Using Electrowinning Method with Subsidence Cathode." Materials Science Forum 488-489 (July 2005): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.488-489.235.

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A new series of magnesium-rare earth master alloys have been developed by the electrowinning method with subsidence cathode in the KCl•NaCl-RECl3 system. The electrolysis conditions were studied. Experimental results showed that the optimum for electrolyte at 850oC and 10~20wt% RECl3 content in the molten salt system. The current efficiency of electrolyte increased with increasing the rare earth content and reach the maximum at the content of 20% RECl3. The current efficiency gradually decreased with increasing cathode current density. The component of master-alloys was analyzed using ICP-MS and chemical method. A series of magnesium-rare earth master-alloy, Mg-Y, Mg-Nd, Mg-Ce, Mg-La, Mg-Nd-rich and Mg-LPC were successfully prepared and the content of rare earth is adjustable between 5 – 20%.

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15

Li, Quan An, Wen Chuang Liu, and Xiao Jie Song. "Research Progress of Mg-Re Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 937 (May 2014): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.178.

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Magnesium alloys as the emerging commercial metal structure material have excellent specific properties, low density, and stability, which are more and more vital for researchers. This paper reviews the behavior of rare earth in magnesium alloy and the way to enhance the elevated temperature properties of Mg-RE alloys. The current Mg-RE alloys are summarized. The future development direction is pointed.

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16

Zhu, S. M., J. F. Nie, M. A. Gibson, and M. A. Easton. "On the unexpected formation of rare earth hydrides in magnesium–rare earth casting alloys." Scripta Materialia 77 (April 2014): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2014.01.007.

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17

Mirza, F. A., and D. L. Chen. "Fatigue of rare-earth containing magnesium alloys: a review." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 37, no. 8 (May 6, 2014): 831–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ffe.12198.

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18

Birbilis, N., M. A. Easton, A. D. Sudholz, S. M. Zhu, and M. A. Gibson. "On the corrosion of binary magnesium-rare earth alloys." Corrosion Science 51, no. 3 (March 2009): 683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2008.12.012.

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19

Bai, Li Qun, Di Li, Min Guo, and Jing Xin. "Rare Earth Conversion Coating of Magnesium Alloy AZ91D." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.555.

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Rare earth chemical conversion coating of Mg alloys was studied. Corrosion and electrochemical behavior in chloride environment were investigated with tests of evolution of hydrogen and electrochemical measurements. The surface morphologies and composition of rare earth conversion coating were studied through SEM, EDAX and XPS. The results showed that rare earth conversion coatings could improve corrosion resistance and their corrosion resistance was comparable with that of chromate coatings (HB/Z5078278). This result was further proved by Polarization and EIS.

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20

Neh, Kristina, Madlen Ullmann, and Rudolf Kawalla. "Substitution of Rare Earth Elements in Hot Rolled Magnesium Alloys with Improved Mechanical Properties." Materials Science Forum 854 (May 2016): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.854.57.

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Magnesium alloys containing rare earth elements offer excellent strength at room temperature as well as at elevated temperatures and are distinguished by a high ignition-resistance. However, with regard to cost efficiency and the conversation of resources, these alloys are not suitable for commercial industrial applications. Therefore, the research project SubSEEMag at the Institute of Metal Forming/Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg focusses on the development of alternative alloy compositions, which meet the requirements on materials properties of magnesium alloys for industrial applications and production costs. Several magnesium alloys containing zinc, aluminum, manganese and calcium were poured in cylindrical molds at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht. The characterization of the as-cast condition was carried out by light and scanning electron microscopy. Phase compositions were determined using EDX analysis. The Mg alloys were homogenized at different temperatures. Afterwards, hot rolling to a final thickness of 2.7 mm was conducted. The influence of temperature and time of the annealing on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the hot rolled condition have been investigated. The results were discussed in comparison to commercial available Mg-RE alloys.

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21

Chen, Yanfei, Zhengqiang Zhu, Jixue Zhou, and Huasheng Lai. "Study on the Strengthening Mechanism of Rare Earth Ce in Magnesium Alloys, Based on First-Principle Calculations and Electronegativity Theory." Materials 14, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 6681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216681.

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Since the commercial applications of rare earth magnesium alloys are increasing gradually, there are considerable advantages to developing lower cost and higher performance magnesium alloys with high abundance rare earth (RE) elements. However, the alloying order of a matrix magnesium alloy is completely changed with the addition of RE elements. Therefore, further study of the strengthening mechanism of Ce element in magnesium alloys is required. In this work, the thermodynamic stability of the possible second phases in a Mg-Al-Mn-Ce multicomponent magnesium alloy were analyzed, based on first-principle calculations, and the precipitation sequence of the key RE phases was deduced as a consequence. Combined with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), and other experimental methods, it was investigated whether the preferentially precipitated second phases were the nucleation core of primary α-Mg. The complex alloying problem and strengthening mechanism in a multi-elemental magnesium alloy system were simplified with the aid of electronegativity theory. The results showed that the preferentially precipitated Al11Ce3 and Al10Ce2Mn7 phases could not be the nucleation core of primary α-Mg, and the grain refinement mechanism was such that the second phases at the grain boundary prevented the growth of magnesium grains. Moreover, the tensile test results showed that the reinforced structure, in which the Al-Ce phase was mixed with Mg-Al phase, was beneficial for improving the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys, at both ambient temperature and high temperature.

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22

Koltun, Paul, and Ambalavanar Tharumarajah. "LCA Study of Rare Earth Metals for Magnesium Alloy Applications." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.803.

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High strength properties combined with low density has made magnesium alloys a highly attractive structural material, in particular where weight savings is of concern. In air and ground transport these alloys are used as alternative material in place of heavier ferrous or aluminium alloys. In this respect, much research has been directed at developing and deploying superior magnesium alloys using rare earth elements (REEs), an example the Mg-RE (Ce, Y, Nd) alloys for drive train components. With the overall aim of ascertaining the environmental impact of employing REEs as alloying agents in producing superior Mg-RE alloys, it is paramount that a fundamental understanding of the environmental burden imparted by the extraction and production of REEs be determined. This study reports on such an assessment of REEs by conducting a detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) study of the environmental impact from mining to production of REEs.

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23

Rokhlin, L. L., T. V. Dobatkina, N. Yu Tabachkova, I. E. Tarytina, and E. A. Lukyanova. "Phenomenon of reversion after ageing in magnesium alloys with gadolinium and samarium." Perspektivnye Materialy 12 (2020): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2020-12-16-26.

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The parameters of reversion after hardening ageing of magnesium alloys containing two rare-earth metals: gadolinium (yttrium group) and samarium (cerium group) were determined at various ratios of their contents. The reversion was observed at short annealing at 250 and 300 °С beginning with 5 minutes after preliminary ageing at 200 °С up to maximum hardening and consisted of significant softening of the alloys then. Measurements of the electrical resistance indicated, that during softening the reverse dissolution of the rare-earth metals in magnesium-base solid solution takes place with diminution of the hardening particles quantity, precipitated during ageing before The reverse dissolution of the rare-earth metals into solid magnesium increases with elevating annealing temperature after ageing from 250 to 300 °С and with increase of the gadolinium to samarium ratio in the alloys.

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24

Yuen, C. K., and W. Y. Ip. "Resorbable Metallic Implant: Findings from an Animal Model." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.604.

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Resorbable metallic implant of magnesium and its alloys had been studied since the 1900s. However, the excessive gas production resulted in its unpopularity after CoCr alloys and stainless steel were developed. With the advancement of alloying technologies, its use as a resorbable implant has re-emerged recently. Foreign researchers focused on the use of AZ-series and magnesium-rare earth metal alloys. However, the corrosion property of AZ-series alloys is unsatisfactory, and the effect of rare-earth metals on human is poorly studied. Therefore, we have investigated on the feasibility of using commercially available AM-series magnesium alloys. Previous researchers avoided this alloy series presumably because of the potential health effect of manganese, however our toxicological risk assessment revealed that the exposure level would be lower than the NOAEL (No Observable Adverse Effect Level), thus it is unlikely to cause any observable health effect on healthy individuals. Subcutaneous implantation of AM-series magnesium alloys into a mouse model for six months confirmed that, while all alloys tested showed slow corrosion and no observable in vivo toxicity, pitting corrosion did not occur for AM-series alloys but was frequent for AZ91D. This suggests that AM-series magnesium alloys are good candidates of resorbable metallic implants.

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25

Rzychoń, Tomasz, Andrzej Kiełbus, and Bożena Bierska-Piech. "Characterisation of β Phase in WE54 Magnesium Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 130 (December 2007): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.130.155.

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Precipitation hardened magnesium-rare earth alloys offer attractive properties for the aerospace and racing automotive industries. The most successful magnesium alloys developed to date have been those based on the Mg-Y-Nd system identified as WE54 (Mg-5.0wt%Y-4.1wt%RE-0.5wt%Zr) and WE43 (Mg-4.0wt%Y-3.3wt%RE-0.5wt%Zr), where RE represents neodymium-rich rare earth elements. Precipitations sequence in WE-system alloys involved the formation of phases designated β”, β’, β1 and β depending on the ageing temperature. WE54 alloy with the equilibrium β-phase exhibits good ductility and medium tensile strength. The β phase precipitated in Mg-Y-Nd alloy during ageing at 300 °C was studied using X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Precipitation at 300 °C for one hour causes formation of the equilibrium β phase. This phase has an f.c.c. structure (a = 2.2 nm), which makes it isomorphous with Mg5Gd. With the prolonged ageing time at 300 °C, the volume fraction of the β phase increases and lattice parameter of the solid solution of α-magnesium decreases.

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26

吕, 萌. "Research Progress of Degradable Rare Earth Magnesium Alloys in Orthopedics." Advances in Clinical Medicine 12, no. 09 (2022): 8547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/acm.2022.1291234.

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27

Zhang, Huaiwei, Xinyao Zheng, Xiao Tian, Yang Liu, and Xingguo Li. "New approaches for rare earth-magnesium based hydrogen storage alloys." Progress in Natural Science: Materials International 27, no. 1 (February 2017): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2016.12.011.

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Moreno, I. P., T. K. Nandy, J. W. Jones, J. E. Allison, and T. M. Pollock. "Microstructural stability and creep of rare-earth containing magnesium alloys." Scripta Materialia 48, no. 8 (April 2003): 1029–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(02)00595-x.

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29

Coy, A. E., F. Viejo, P. Skeldon, and G. E. Thompson. "Susceptibility of rare-earth-magnesium alloys to micro-galvanic corrosion." Corrosion Science 52, no. 12 (December 2010): 3896–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2010.08.006.

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30

Gui, Yunwei, Quanan Li, and Xiaoya Chen. "Present Development Status of Anti-creep Magnesium Rare-Earth Alloys." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 230 (September 2017): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/230/1/012014.

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31

Zhu, S. M., M. A. Gibson, J. F. Nie, M. A. Easton, and G. L. Dunlop. "Primary Creep of Die-Cast Magnesium–Rare Earth Based Alloys." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 40, no. 9 (June 30, 2009): 2036–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-009-9896-z.

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Robson, Joseph D., Sarah J. Haigh, Bruce Davis, and David Griffiths. "Grain Boundary Segregation of Rare-Earth Elements in Magnesium Alloys." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 47, no. 1 (October 19, 2015): 522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3199-3.

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Braszczyńska-Malik, Katarzyna N. "Types of Component Interfaces in Metal Matrix Composites on the Example of Magnesium Matrix Composites." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 5182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185182.

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In this paper, a summary of investigations of the microstructure of cast magnesium matrix composites is presented. Analyses of the interfaces between the reinforcing particles and the magnesium alloy matrices were performed. Technically pure magnesium and four various alloys with aluminum and rare earth elements (RE) were chosen as the matrix. The composites were reinforced with SiC and Ti particles, as well as hollow aluminosilicate cenospheres. Microstructure analyses were carried out by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The composites with the matrix of magnesium and magnesium–aluminum alloys with SiC and Ti particles exhibited coherent interfaces between the components. In the composites based on ternary magnesium alloy with Al and RE with Ti particles, a high-melting Al2RE phase nucleated on the titanium. Different types of interfaces between the components were observed in the composites based on the magnesium–rare earth elements alloy with SiC particles, in which a chemical reaction between the components caused formation of the Re3Si2 phase. Intensive chemical reactions between the components were also observed in the composites with aluminosilicate cenospheres. Additionally, the influence of coatings created on the aluminosilicate cenospheres on the bond with the magnesium matrix was presented. A scheme of the types of interfaces between the components is proposed.

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34

Feng, Jun. "The Influence of Gd on AM60B Magnesium Alloys' Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.207.

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this Paper studies the influence of Gd, a rare-earth element, on AM60B Mg cast alloys structures and, after the analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis, as well as the observation and analysis of XRD, demonstrates Gd could change the precipitates and precipitated phases of Mg cast alloys. The result shows that the adding of Gd to AM60B alloys may effectively refine the alloys structures and the generation of rare-earth compounds, and be conducive to improving the fracture ways of magnesium alloys.

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35

Hoppe, Roland, Gerrit Kurz, and Dietmar Letzig. "Substitution of Rare Earths in Magnesium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 854 (May 2016): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.854.51.

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Magnesium alloys containing rare earth elements have better properties in terms of of formability, strength and corrosion resistance. Due to the tight supply situation these elements should be partially or complete substituted, for example by calcium. Microstructural studies of casted alloys of new compositions, and the influence of various heat treatments on their microstructure are investigated. The mechanical properties of the rolled materials are also presented and discussed. The works presented in this paper are results of the ongoing BMBF project SubSEEMag.

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36

Rokhlin, L. L., T. V. Dobatkina, I. E. Tarytina, E. A. Lukyanova, and D. R. Temralieva. "The features of the reversion phenomenon after ageing in magnesium-yttrium alloy, added with samarium." Perspektivnye Materialy 12 (2021): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2021-12-21-29.

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It was investigated the reversion phenomenon consisting of softening after a strengthening ageing at 200 °C during from 0.5 to 128 h in a case of shortcoming annealing from 0.25 to 64 h at some higher temperature — 250 °C in the magnesium-base alloys containing the rare-earth metal — yttrium (Y), alloyed additionally by the other rare-earth metal — samarium (Sm). Both alloying elements are the rare-earth metals (REM), but belong to different groups: Y belongs to the yttrium group of REM and Sm belongs to the cerium one. It was established, that in the binary alloy of magnesium with yttrium and in the ternary alloys with the identical yttrium and diverse contents of samarium aged after the same duration for the same time the representative softening of reversion takes place indeed. As compared with the binary Mg – Y alloy and with increase of the samarium contents in the ternary Mg – Y – Sm alloys the size of the reversion increases. However, in the same case the size of the strengthening effect after ageing in the alloys increases also and it is more, than the respective reversion size.

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Li, Quan, Wei Bo Zhu, Si Ya Wang, Xian Quan Jiang, and Fu Sheng Pan. "Effect of Ce and Homogeneous Annealing on Microstructure and Deformation Performance of ZM21 Alloy." Materials Science Forum 816 (April 2015): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.816.476.

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The rare earth element Ce was added in Mg-2.0Zn-1.0Mn magnesium alloys. And the homogenizing treatment and the extrusion deformation tests for the alloy were carried out. The effects of the Ce addition and homogenization on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-2.0Zn-1.0Mn magnesium alloys were studied in the present investigation. The results showed that the addition of Ce can effectively refine the grain size of ZM21 alloy, improve the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy ZM21 and reduce the latent heat and solidification temperature range of the alloy. Homogenizing annealing treatment slightly affected the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZM21 alloy extrusion products but significantly affected the ZM21+Ce magnesium alloy. The fracture analysis indicated that the fracture of the two alloys was mixed fracture, while the fracture of magnesium alloy ZM21+Ce showed more ductile fracture feature.

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Easton, Mark, Mark Gibson, Su Ming Zhu, Kun Yang, and Trevor Abbott. "Achievements in Magnesium Alloy Research." Materials Science Forum 828-829 (August 2015): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.828-829.3.

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Research into magnesium die-cast alloys from the Mg-Al-(Zn), Mg-Zn-(Al), Mg-rare earth (RE) and Mg-Al-RE systems is discussed. Particular attention is paid to factors influencing mechanical properties and castability. The nature and level of alloy addition is in all cases an important determinant of castability (cracking and fluidity) and mechanical properties (strength, ductility and creep resistance). The interplay of these factors shows considerable variation between different alloy systems.

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Ross, Nigel G., Matthew R. Barnett, and Aiden G. Beer. "Compositional Effects on the Restoration Behaviour in Mg-Zn-RE Alloys." Materials Science Forum 765 (July 2013): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.765.18.

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Additions of rare earth elements to magnesium alloys are qualitatively reported in the literature to retard recrystallisation. However, their effect in the presence of other (non-rare earth) alloy additions has not been systematically shown nor has the effect been quantified. The microstructural restoration following the hot deformation of Mg-xZn-yRE (x= 2.5 and 5 wt.%,y= 0 and 1 wt.%, and RE = Gd and Y) alloys has been studied using double hit compression testing and microscopy. It was found that, in the absence of rare earth additions, increases in zinc level had a negligible influence on the kinetics of restoration and the microstructure developed both during extrusion and throughout double hit testing. Adding rare earth elements to Mg-Zn alloys was found to retard restoration of the microstructure and maintain finer recrystallised grains. However, in the Mg-Zn-RE alloys, increasing the zinc concentration from 2.5 wt.% to 5 wt.% accelerated the restoration process, most likely due to a depletion of rare earth elements from solid solution and modification of the particles present in the matrix.

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Braszczyńska-Malik, K. N. "Mg-Al-RE Magnesium Alloys for High-Pressure Die-Casting." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0035.

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Abstract Experimental Mg-Al-RE type magnesium alloys for high-pressure die-casting are presented. Alloys based on the commercial AM50 magnesium alloy with 1, 3 and 5 mass % of rare earth elements were fabricated in a foundry and cast in cold chamber die-casting machines. The obtained experimental casts have good quality surfaces and microstructure consisting of an α(Mg)-phase, Al11RE3, Al10RE2Mn7 intermetallic compound and small amount of α+γ eutectic and Al2RE phases.

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Michalik, Rafał, and Tomasz Mikuszewski. "The Influence of Addition of the Rare Earth Elements on the Structure and Hardness of AlZn12Mg3.5Cu2.5 Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 226 (January 2015): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.226.39.

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Aluminium alloys are characterized by a number of advantageous properties , which include: low density ,high relative strength , high electrical and thermal conductivity , ease of machining and good dumping features. Particular interesting are high-strength aluminum alloys of zinc, magnesium and copper. These alloys are used mainly in aircraft, building &structure, electrical, electrical power and automotive industry. A significant problem associated with the use of high-strength aluminium-zinc alloys is their insufficient resistance to corrosion. Improvement of corrosion resistance can be obtained by application of alloy micro-additives. The article shows results of examinations related to influence of rare earth additive on the structure and hardness of AlZn12Mg3.5Cu2.5 alloy. The scope of examination included: structure testing using scanning microscope, X – ray microanalysis, hardness test. Examinations have shown higher hardness of samples with rare earth additives. Was found , that rare earth addition influences on more fine –grained structure of the AlZn12Mg3.5Cu2.5 alloy.

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Suresh, Murugavel, and Satyam Suwas. "Modification in Texture of Magnesium by the Addition of Rare Earth Elements and its Influence on Mechanical Properties." Materials Science Forum 736 (December 2012): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.736.307.

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Mg alloys show limited room temperature formability compared to its lightweight counterpart aluminium alloys, which is a main obstacle in using this metal for most of the structural applications. However, it is known that grain refinement and texture control are the two possibilities for the improvement of formability of magnesium alloys. Amongst the approaches attempted for the texture weakening, additions through of rare-earth (RE) elements have been found most effective. The relationship between the texture and ductility is well established. In this paper, the effect of rare earth addition on texture weakening has been summarized for various magnesium alloys under the two most common modes of deformation methods.

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Kondoh, Katsuyoshi, Ritsuko Tsuzuki, Wenbo Du, and Shigeharu Kamado. "Materials and Processing Designs for High-Performance Magnesium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.453.

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Materials and processing designs for advanced magnesium alloys with fine microstructures and superior properties were established by the combination of the repeated plastic working and the Mg2Si synthesis in solid-state. The grain size was less than 1 μm via RPW process due to its severe plastic working on raw powder. The hot extruded magnesium alloys produced in industries showed high ultimate tensile strength, e.g. 420~450MPa, when employing Mg-Zn-Al-Ca-RE (Rare Earth) alloy coarse powder, having 0.5~2 mm diameter, as input materials.

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Pan, Fu Sheng, Ming Bo Yang, and Yan Long Ma. "Development of New Types of Magnesium Alloys Containing Sr or RE Elements." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.191.

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The latest research results on new types of magnesium alloys containing strontium or rare earth elements are reviewed. Special attentions are paid to the alloying design, microstructure and properties controlling, the influence of minor addition of Sr and RE on the microstructure and properties of existing magnesium alloys. Some new types of magnesium alloys containing Sr or RE are introduced and discussed.

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Chang, Jiang, and Hong Zhao. "Study on Micro-Arc Oxidation Composite Ceramic Coating Properties in the Textile Machinery Spare Parts." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1280.

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This article uses independently develops micro-oxidation installment, systematically studied and optimized the silicate system solution,the silicate and the different recombiner composition compound system solution that are used in SJDM-1 rare earth magnesium alloys micro-oxidation and different electrical parameters that affect corrosion resistance of ceramic coating through the condition experiment and the orthogonal experiment.Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) , X-ray diffraction (XRD) , coat thickness tester and drip experiment, the surface morphology of ceramic layer of SJDM-1 rare earth magnesium alloys are observed,and composition, thickness and corrosion resistance of SJDM-1 rare earth magnesium alloys in different solution are tested. Meanwhile combining the micro-oxidation solution and electrical parameters that are optimized, the difference of corrosion resistance between the hydration seals hole and solvent seals hole are compared after micro-oxidation. In addition, corrosion resistance of MAO ceramic layers between the two different materials RE magnesium alloys (casting SJDM-1, deformation SJDM-2)under the same conditions. Finally, micro-oxidation solution failure and the process of the ceramic layer corrosion are analysed. Mechanism of the discharge breakdown that influence the corrosion resistance of the micro-oxidation ceramic coating is explored, come to the internal and external factors that affect corrosion resistance of the micro-oxidation ceramic layer.

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Ando, Shinji, Le Ping Bu, Shunsuke Tanaka, Hiromoto Kitahara, and Hideki Tonda. "Developments of Magnesium Alloys by Melt Stirring Method." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.271.

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For development of high strength magnesium alloys, a melt stirring method was employed to Mg-Al and Mg-RE (rare earth metal) alloys. As reinforcement particle, B2O3 powder was added into melts and stirred at 953K in 10 or 20 minutes with argon atmosphere. The grain sizes of both alloys were decreased by 3wt% B2O3 addition. These results show that B2O3 have grain refinement effects to magnesium alloys. Micro Vickers hardness of Mg-Al alloy was increased by 3wt% B2O3 addition. On the other hand, the hardness of Mg-RE alloy was decreased by B2O3. Though addition of B2O3 into Mg-Al and Mg-RE systems make grain size to fine, the hardness of Mg-RE alloys decreased. The tensile properties of Mg-RE alloys with B2O3 were extremely improved by extrusion process.

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Zarpelon, Lia Maria Carlotti, Eguiberto Galego, Hidetoshi Takiishi, and Rubens Nunes Faria. "Microstructure and composition of rare earth-transition metal-aluminium-magnesium alloys." Materials Research 11, no. 1 (March 2008): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-14392008000100004.

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Griffiths, D. "Explaining texture weakening and improved formability in magnesium rare earth alloys." Materials Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (August 11, 2014): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743284714y.0000000632.

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Rokhlin, L. L., T. V. Dobatkina, N. Yu Tabachkova, E. A. Luk’yanova, and I. E. Tarytina. "Aging-Induced Recovery of Magnesium Alloys with Various Rare-Earth Metals." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2019, no. 5 (May 2019): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029519050082.

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Poddar, P., A. Das, and K. L. Sahoo. "Effect of rare earth elements on tribological behaviour of magnesium alloys." Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces 6, no. 4 (December 2012): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1751584x12y.0000000015.

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