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Journal articles on the topic 'Magnesium foam'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Zheng, Weixin, Xueying Xiao, Jing Wen, Chenggong Chang, Shengxia An, and Jingmei Dong. "Water-to-Cement Ratio of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Foam Concrete with Caustic Dolomite Powder." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 2429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052429.

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Magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) foam concrete (MOCFC) is an air-hardening cementing material formed by mixing magnesium chloride solution (MgCl2) and light-burned magnesia (i.e., active MgO). In application, adding caustic dolomite powder into light-burned magnesite powder can reduce the MOCFC production cost. The brine content of MOC changes with the incorporation of caustic dolomite powder. This study investigated the relationship between the mass percent concentration and the Baumé degree of a magnesium chloride solution after bischofite (MgCl2·6H2O) from a salt lake was dissolved in water. The proportional relationship between the amount of water in brine and bischofite, and the functional formula for the water-to-cement ratio (W/C) of MOC mixed with caustic dolomite powder were deduced. The functional relationship was verified as feasible for preparing MOC through the experiment.

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2

Bhogi, S., and M. Mukherjee. "Foam stabilization by magnesium." Materials Letters 200 (August 2017): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.04.100.

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3

Huang, Wen Zhan, Hong Jie Luo, Li Zhang, Yong Liang Mu, and Xin Cui. "Magnesium-Based Foam Biomaterials and their Related Properties." Materials Science Forum 933 (October 2018): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.933.282.

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The magnesium-based foam biomaterials were prepared by melt foaming process, where Mg-Ca alloy was used as matrix material, hydroxyapatite (HA) as tackifier, MgCO3as foaming agent. The magnesium-based foam biomaterials with uniform structure were used for testing to investigate their compressive and biodegradable behaviors. The biodegradable property of the magnesium-based foam was mainly characterized by microstructure observation and hydrogen evolution. The results showed that the porosity of the magnesium-based foam has a more important impact on yield stress and plateau stress of compressive curves compared to HA content or its size. Corrosion rate of the magnesium-based foams decreases with increasing HA addition. Meanwhile, the porosity of the magnesium-based foams also has a very obvious effect on hydrogen evolution, i.e., the hydrogen evolution rate increases with decreasing the porosity of magnesium-based foams.

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4

Kikuchi, Yusuke, Koji Kakehi, Koichi Kitazono, Eiichi Sato, and Kazuhiko Kuribayashi. "Magnesium Foam Produced from Bulk AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheets." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.501.

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Using commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets, we produced a foamable preform sheet containing titanium hydride (TiH2) powder through diffusion-bonding and hot-rolling of four cycles. Heating the preform sheets in Ar atmosphere, we obtained closed-cell magnesium alloy foams with various porosities. The foamed specimen at 883 K showed the maximum porosities of 77%.

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5

Niu, Li Yuan, Zi Mu Shi, Ji Jing Lin, Yong Li, Lin Chao Xu, and Lan Zhao. "Anticorrosion Conversion Coating Content Lanthanum and Phosphate on Foam Mg Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.211.

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Foam magnesium alloy was an idea substitute of hard tissue of human bodies because its elasticity module was close to the bone of human. In the paper, foam degradable magnesium alloys were prepared by “Press-Dissolution-Vacuum sintering-Hot treatment-Aging” powder manufacturing process firstly. Then samples were coated by immersion in a bath containing phosphate and rare earths lanthanum. Results show that, Mg-0.9Mn foam magnesium alloys after hot treatment had better anticorrosion performance; and coated foam magnesium alloys form the bath with phosphate lanthanum chloride had lower rate of degradation.

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6

Qiu, Ke Qiang, Yan Qiu Liu, Z. Y. Suo, Y. L. Ren, and Zhen Liu. "Nickel Foam Reinforced AZ91 Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.471.

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Nickel foam reinforced AZ91 magnesium alloy was fabricated by using melt infiltration and water quenching methods. The mechanical properties were measured in compressive and tensile deformation modes. Fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electronic microscopy. The results show that addition of nickel foam results in a significant increase in elastic modulus, yield strength of the composite material. However, ductility of the composite was adversely affected when compared to the unreinforced monolithic counterpart.

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7

Luo, Hongjie, Jiahao Zhao, Hao Du, Wei Yin, and Yang Qu. "Effect of Mg Powder’s Particle Size on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ti Foam Synthesized by Space Holder Technique." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 8863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248863.

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Titanium foam has been the focus of special attention for its specific structure and potential applications in purification, catalyst substrate, heat exchanger, biomaterial, aerospace and naval industries. However, the liquid-state foaming techniques are difficult to use in fabricating Ti foam because of its high melting temperature and strong chemical reactivity with atmospheric gases. Here, the fabrication of Ti foams via the powder metallurgy route was carried out by utilizing both magnesium powders and magnesium particles as spacer holders, and Ti powders as matrix metal. The green compacts containing Ti powder, Mg powder and Mg particles were heated to a certain temperature to remove the magnesium and obtain the Ti foam. The results show that the porosities of the obtained Ti foam are about 35–65%, and Young’s modulus and yield strength are found to be in the ranges of 22–126 MPa and 0.063–1.18 GPa, respectively. It is found that the magnesium powders play a more important role than the magnesium particles in the deformation and the densification of the green compact during the pressing, and the pore structure of Ti foam depends on the amount and the size of the magnesium spacer holders after sintering.

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8

Lin, Hao, Hong Jie Luo, Wei Sun, and Guang Chun Yao. "Influence of Additives on Preparation of Aluminum Foam." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.91.

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Aluminum foam was fabricated by using powder compact metallurgy method. The variation of magnesium particle as the metal additive during sintering was investigated. The addition of SiC particles on the morphology of the foams was discussed. The results revealed that for the foamable precursor with magnesium powders (1wt.%) added, the diffusion boundary between magnesium and the matrix could be increased with extending the sintering time. It was thought that the viscosity of melt increased by adding SiC particles so that the coalescence among the pores during foaming was relieved. As a result, the stability of the aluminum foam would be increased during foaming.

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9

Yilong, Liao, Qiu Guibao, Yang Yang, Lv Xuewei, and Bai Chenguang. "Preparation and Compressive Properties of Magnesium Foam." Rare Metal Materials and Engineering 45, no. 10 (October 2016): 2498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1875-5372(17)30022-x.

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10

DIOLOGENT, F., R. GOODALL, and A. MORTENSEN. "Creep of aluminium–magnesium open cell foam." Acta Materialia 57, no. 3 (February 2009): 830–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2008.10.019.

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11

Mehara, Kazuhito, Makoto Kobashi, and Naoyuki Kanetake. "Fabrication of Magnesium Foam by Precursor Method Using Machined Chips." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.905.

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The present study is aiming at investigating the possibility of producing a magnesium foam from machined chips. To produce highly porous magnesium foam, precursor producing process was investigated by hot extrusion and compressive torsion processing (CTP). The CTP could realize well-consolidated precursors and homogeneous distribution of a blowing agent. The precursor made of machined chips satisfactorily expanded, and the porosity were comparatively high by optimizing processing parameters of the CTP.

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12

Körner, C., M. Hirschmann, V. Bräutigam, and R. F. Singer. "Endogenous Particle Stabilization During Magnesium Integral Foam Production." Advanced Engineering Materials 6, no. 6 (June 2004): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.200405147.

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13

Zhang, Ze Jiang, Li Jun Li, Feng Li, Jin He, and Zi Qiong Gan. "Infrared Analysis on Pyrolysis Products of Flame Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foam." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 900–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.900.

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Infrared spectra of the pyrolysis gases of polyurethane foam flame retarded by MPOP, MP, MC, magnesium hydroxide, or antimony trioxide flame retardants was analyzed online by FTIR method. At 600°C, the polyurethane foam flame retarded by MPOP, MP, MC, magnesium hydroxide or antimony trioxide flame retardants released more hydrogen cyanide than the pure polyurethane foam, proved that the MPOP, MP, MC and magnesium hydroxide flame retardants could change the law that the polyurethane released hydrogen cyanide. At 600 °C, the peak of C=O stretching vibration at 1730cm-1did not appear for the flame-retardant polyurethane, indicating that the flame retardants can make the polyurethane rapidly carbonize and the fewer C=O intermediate was produced. The absorbent peaks of the fire-retardant samples at 1604cm-1, 1538 cm-1, 1250 to 1230 cm-1and 1450cm-1implied that the flame retardants could delay the oxidative decomposition of the polyurethane component at 600 °C, so that more components may be carbonized. When increasing the pyrolysis temperature, the perlite would make polyurethane foam release fewer hydrogen cyanide.

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14

Hirschmann, Markus, Carolin Körner, and Robert F. Singer. "Integral Foam Molding - A New Process for Foamed Magnesium Castings." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1827.

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Integral foam molding (IFM) is an economical near net-shape technology to produce monolithic castings with solid skin, foamed core and continuous density transition between skin and core. It was developed for polymers in the 1960s. But it took about ten years to optimize the molding technique and the quality of the polymer integral foam parts to a marketable stage. Meanwhile, polymer integral foam parts are established in a lot of commercial applications. The situation is completely different for metals. The first attempts to produce metal integral foam parts were made only a few years ago. A cost effective injection molding technique for magnesium integral foam was developed at the WTM-Institute in Erlangen, Germany. The low-cost production in combination with the integral foam properties low density, high weight specific bending stiffness and remarkable damping capacity is very promising. At the beginning we produced only parts with simple shape, for example plates. But if we think about commercial applications, more complex parts with a three-dimensional shape are required. The focus of this paper is on new developments concerning the production of magnesium integral foam parts with complex shape like a casing cover or a door handle.

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15

Adamek, Grzegorz, Mikolaj Kozlowski, Mieczyslawa Jurczyk, Przemyslaw Wirstlein, Jakub Zurawski, and Jaroslaw Jakubowicz. "Formation and Properties of Biomedical Ti-Ta Foams Prepared from Nanoprecursors by Thermal Dealloying Process." Materials 12, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 2668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172668.

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The paper presents a promising method of preparation of titanium-based foams by the thermal dealloying method. The first step of this study was the Ti-Ta-Mg based nanopowder preparation using the mechanical alloying (MA) process performed at room temperature. The next step was forming the green compacts by cold pressing and then sintering with magnesium dealloying from the titanium-based alloy structure. The mechanism of the porous structure formation was based on the removal of magnesium from the titanium alloy at a temperature higher than the boiling point of magnesium (1090 °C). The influence of the Mg content on the formation of the porous Ti-30Ta foam has been investigated. The sintering stage was performed in vacuum. During the dealloying process, the magnesium atoms diffuse from the middle to the surface of the sample and combine to form vapors and then evaporate leaving pores surrounded by the metallic scaffold. The porosity, the mechanical properties as well as biocompatibility have been investigated. The titanium-based foam of high porosity (up to 76%) and the pore size distribution from nano- to micro-scale have been successfully prepared. For the medical applications, the Ti-Ta metallic foams have shown a positive behavior in the MTT test. The as-shown results clearly exhibit a great potential for thermal dealloying in the preparation of porous structures.

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16

Luo, Hong Jie, Ping Zhang, Yi Han Liu, and Guang Chun Yao. "Influence of Magnesium Content on Preparation of Aluminum Foam." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1388.

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Aluminum foam was prepared by foaming in melt route. Bubble growth and structure of the obtained foam blocks were investigated. Viscosity and surface tension of aluminum melt were also analyzed after adding Mg into it. The main results are as follows: expanding velocity of aluminum melt is accelerated after adding Mg and height of the foamed block is higher than that without adding Mg. The apparent density of aluminum foam increases first and then declines with increasing the Mg content. Intermetallic compounds existing in aluminum melt are largely oxidized when Mg is put into the melt and amount of the composite oxides increases obviously. These changes result in elevation of viscosity and reduction of surface tension in the aluminum melt.

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17

Li, Changyun, Erkuo Yang, Ling Tang, Yang Li, and Lei Xu. "Compression Properties and Fabrication of Closed-Cell Metal Matrix Syntactic Foams Al2O3hs/AZ91D." Materials 15, no. 19 (October 3, 2022): 6873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196873.

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Closed-cell metal syntactic foam is a new material consisting of hollow spheres embedded in metal matrix syntactic foams. These foams have good physical and mechanical properties and are increasingly used worldwide in industrial and high-tech fields. Magnesium matrix syntactic foams containing hollow Al2O3 spheres ((Al2O3hs)/AZ91D) were successfully fabricated by hot press sintering at different temperatures. The fabrication of Al2O3hs/AZ91D and the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties are reported in this paper. Additionally, sandwiched magnesium matrix syntactic foams were prepared by placing magnesium plates on both sides of the syntactic foam. Some Al2O3hs particles became filled with matrix particles during preparation. Thus, the actual density was greater than the theoretically calculated value and increases with increasing sintering temperature. Above 723 K, a brittle phase MgAl2O4 formed in Al2O3hs/AZ91D. The quasistatic and dynamic compressive strengths of Al2O3hs/AZ91D first increased and then decreased with increasing sintering temperature, and the maximums were 162 MPa and 167.87 MPa, respectively. Thus, this paper reports a new strategy for the controlled preparation of metal matrix syntactic foams with predetermined porosity. The results show that this strategy improved the performance of lightweight and high-strength syntactic foam materials and shows potential for further research.

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18

Olszówka-Myalska, Anita, Marcin Godzierz, and Jerzy Myalski. "Impact of Carbon Foam Cell Sizes on the Microstructure and Properties of Pressure Infiltrated Magnesium Matrix Composites." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 5619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245619.

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Magnesium-based composites reinforced with open-celled carbon foams (Cof) of porosity approx. 97 vol % and three cell sizes (20, 45 and 100 ppi) were examined to characterize the influence of foam cell size on the microstructure and properties when pure magnesium and two cast alloys AZ31 and RZ5 were used as matrices. All composites were fabricated by pressure infiltration under the same conditions (temperature, pressure, time). For each matrix composition, two main factors due to the presence of the foam determined the composite microstructure—the efficiency of foam penetration and different conditions of metal crystallization. The lowest porosity was obtained when Cof45ppi was used and was independent of the applied matrix composition. The metallic component microhardness increased with a decrease in the carbon cell size as well as a decrease in the α-Mg grain size; both of those results should be taken into account during theoretical calculations. Compression and three-point bending strength measurements showed increases as the carbon cell size decreased, but reinforcing effectiveness relative to the matrix material depended on the metal matrix composition. At the fractured surface, different structural effects in the foam and matrix as well as at the interface were observed and depended on the foam geometry, metal composition and mechanical test type. In glassy carbon foam, those effects occurred as cracking across walls, fragmentation, and delamination, while in the matrix, shear bands and intergranular cracking were observed. On the delaminated foam surface, the microareas of a thin oxide layer were detected as well as dispersed phases characteristic for the applied matrix alloys. The accumulation of intermetallic phases was also observed on the metal matrix surface in microareas delaminated from the carbon foams. Mechanical property results indicated that among the tested, open-celled, carbon foams a 45 ppi porosity was the most useful for pressure infiltration and independent of magnesium-based matrix composition.

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19

Nikaido, Taro, Kanji Tsuru, Fumikazu Daitou, Melvin L. Munar, Shigeki Matsuya, Seiji Nakamura, and Ishikawa Kunio. "Fabrication of βTCP with Fully-Interconnected Porous Structure." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.135.

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Calcium phosphate foam could be an ideal bone filler and scaffold for tissue engineering. This paper describes fabrication method of β-tricalcium phosphate (βTCP) foam with fully-interconnected porous structure by employing magnesium oxide (MgO) as βTCP stabilizer. The foam was prepared using the so-called ceramics foam method. MgO was added to calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate so that 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 mol% calcium would be substituted by magnesium (Mg) in βTCP structure. After sintering at 1500°C, crystal phase of the obtained foam included α-tricalcium phosphate (αTCP) when no Mgor less than 3 mol% Mg was added. In contrast, crystal phase was single phase βTCP when 3 mol% or higher Mg was added. The compressive strength was approximately 15 kPa and the porosity was above 95% for all specimens. No significant difference was observed between αTCP and βTCP foams in compressive strength and porosity when the sintering temperature was the same.

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20

Zhao, Zhong, and Zi Tian Fan. "Influence of Vibration on the Heat Transfer of Lost Foam Casting Filling." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 1618–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.1618.

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The vibration is superimposed to the filling process of aluminum and magnesium alloy in lost foam casting, and the flow lengths and the molten metal temperatures of the flow front are collected, and they compared with no-vibration. The results show that the vibration can significantly improve the filling capacity of the aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy in lost foam casting. Compared to the samples without vibration, the flow lengths of A356 alloy with vibration in lost foam casting increased by 33% and that of AZ91D alloy increased by 15%.The heat transfer of molten metal on the flow front was analyzed, and it indicates that the vibration energy extends the filling time of the molten metal on the flow front in lost foam casting.

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21

Fan, Z. T., and S. Ji. "Low pressure lost foam process for casting magnesium alloys." Materials Science and Technology 21, no. 6 (June 2005): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328405x43199.

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22

Wang, Jing, Zan Zhang, Qing Jiang, Xingchuan Xia, Chuanrong Qiu, Jian Ding, and Weimin Zhao. "A novel bubble nucleation particle for magnesium composite foam." Materials Letters 193 (April 2017): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.01.103.

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23

Mukai, T., H. Kanahashi, Y. Yamada, K. Shimojima, M. Mabuchi, T. G. Nieh, and K. Higashi. "Dynamic compressive behavior of an ultra-lightweight magnesium foam." Scripta Materialia 41, no. 4 (July 1999): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(99)00186-4.

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24

Shunmugasamy, Vasanth Chakravarthy, Bilal Mansoor, and Nikhil Gupta. "Cellular Magnesium Matrix Foam Composites for Mechanical Damping Applications." JOM 68, no. 1 (October 23, 2015): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1680-5.

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25

Wang, Lu Cai, Jin Qiang Ai, Yan Li Wang, and Xiao Hong You. "Influences of Processing Factors on Pore Structure of Aluminum Foams." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.8.

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Orthogonal experiments were employed to confirm the interactive effect of the addition of magnesium powder, milling time of aluminum powder, oxidization time of TiH2 on the pore structure of Aluminum foam, which prepared by PCM method. The results show that the three factors arragned in important order as the follows: oxidization time, milling time, and the quantity of magnesium powder. The high quality aluminum foam samples, with average porosity of 84.2%, average equivalent circle diameter of 1.9 mm and average circularity of 0.754, was made on the condition of milling time as 85 minutes, oxidization time as 10 minutes and magnesium powder content as 0.5 wt%.

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26

Plorin, Tillmann, Dirk Bormann, Torsten Heidenblut, and Friedrich Wilhelm Bach. "Investigations into Manufacturing Composite Profiles Having Local Magnesium-Foam Reinforcements." Advanced Materials Research 137 (October 2010): 129–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.137.129.

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Owing to their mechanical properties, metallic foams possess the outstanding ability to considerably improve a structure's stiffness and energy absorption capacity with low increases in weight. In the research results from the sub project A4 "Foam filled, rolled, closed profiles” of the CRC 675 "Creation of high strength metallic structures and joints by setting up scaled local material properties" introduced here, both the manufacture as well as the reinforcement of magnesium foams, which are produced by means of powder metallurgy, are described. The potential for increasing their strengths using reinforcements are demonstrated and the results of mechanical tests are presented. In addition to this, research results are presented which have contributed to achieving the main objectives of developing a combined technology for producing profiles which are locally reinforced using magnesium foam. The developed technology is characterised by integrating the foaming process into the roll forming process.

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27

Qiao, Jian, and Yubin Wen. "Preparation and characterization of magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel ceramic foams via direct foam-gelcasting." Ceramics International 46, no. 1 (January 2020): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.09.020.

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28

Zhou, Ping, Elmar Beeh, Horst E. Friedrich, Michael Kriescher, Philipp Straßburger, Martin Holzapfel, Harald Kraft, Cedric Rieger, Katja Oswald, and Jan Roettger. "Bending Collapse Behaviour of Polyurethane Foam-Filled Rectangular Magnesium Alloy AZ31B Tubes." Materials Science Forum 828-829 (August 2015): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.828-829.259.

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Quasi-static/dynamic three-point bending tests were conducted to assess the crash performance of magnesium alloy AZ31B extruded and sheet tubes at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) – Institute of Vehicle Concepts in Stuttgart. Different foam-filled AZ31B beams with a variation of foam density and thickness were fabricated through several manufacturing processes: cold bending, tungsten inert gas welding, cathodic dip painting and polyurethane foam injection. The experimental results were compared with those from mild steel DC04 tubes. It shows that empty magnesium alloy AZ31B outperforms steel DC04 in terms of specific energy absorption for the empty tubes with equivalent volume when subjected to bending loads. It was found that the foam-filled tubes achieved much higher load carrying capacity and specific energy absorption than the empty tubes. Moreover, there is a tendency showing that a foam-filled beam with a higher foam density reaches higher load carrying capacity, but fractures earlier. The foam-filled AZ31B tube with 0.20 g/cm3foam obtained the highest specific energy absorption, but this outperformance was weakened due to the earlier fracture. In addition, the numerical simulation utilising material model MAT_124 in LS-DYNA explicit FEA package was performed. The simulation results indicate that using calibrated stress-strain curves and failure parameters, material model MAT_124 yields a general good agreement with the experimental results.

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29

Li, Ke, Yuansheng Wang, Xiao Zhang, Jianxun Wu, Xuan Wang, and Aimin Zhang. "Intrinsically hydrophobic magnesium oxychloride cement foam for thermal insulation material." Construction and Building Materials 288 (June 2021): 123129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123129.

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30

Diop, Mouhamadou, Hai Hao, Han Wei Dong, and Xing Guo Zhang. "Simulation of Discrete Dislocation Statics and Dynamics of Magnesium Foam." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.929.

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The simulation of magnesium plasticity at the microscopic and mesoscopic scale using space and time-discretized statics and dynamics dislocation was carried out. The complexity of discrete dislocation models dues to the fact that the mechanical interaction of ensembles of such defects is with an elastic nature, and therefore involves long-range interactions. The motion of dislocations or dislocation segments in their respective glide planes are usually described by assuming simple phenomenological viscous flows laws. The formulation of the dislocation dynamics is obtained by the Newton’s Second Law of motion for each dislocation or dislocation segment. The evolution of the dislocation position is obtained by simple difference algorithms.

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31

Koshelev, V., G. Averina, V. Zimich, and L. Kramar. "DEVELOPMENT OF MAGNESIUM FOAM CONCRETE MATERIAL MODIFIED BY CRYSTALLINE SEEDS." Bulletin of South Ural State University series "Construction Engineering and Architecture" 18, no. 4 (2018): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/build180410.

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32

Averina, G., V. Koshelev, and L. Kramar. "INCREASING THE RESISTANCE OF MAGNESIUM FOAM CONCRETE TO VAPOR SORPTION." Bulletin of South Ural State University series "Construction Engineering and Architecture" 19, no. 4 (2019): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/build190407.

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33

Franciska, P. L., A. Erryani, D. Annur, and I. Kartika. "Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium Based Foam Structure in Hank’s Solution." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 202 (May 2017): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/202/1/012035.

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34

AlYousef, Zuhair, Subhash Ayirala, Majed Almubarak, and Dongkyu Cha. "Impact of tailored water chemistry aqueous ions on foam stability enhancement." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, no. 8 (July 19, 2021): 3311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01216-z.

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AbstractGenerating strong and stable foam is necessary to achieve in-depth conformance control in the reservoir. Besides other parameters, the chemistry of injection water can significantly impact foam generation and stabilization. The tailored water chemistry was found to have good potential to improve foam stability. The objective of this study is to extensively evaluate the effect of different aqueous ions in the selected tailored water chemistry formulations on foam stabilization. Bulk and dynamic foam experiments were used to evaluate the impact of different tailored water chemistry aqueous ions on foam generation and stabilization. For bulk foam tests, the stability of foams generated using three surfactants and different aqueous ions was analyzed using bottle tests. For dynamic foam experiments, the tests were conducted using a microfluidic device. The results clearly demonstrated that the ionic content of aqueous solutions can significantly affect foam stabilization. The results revealed that the foam stabilization in bulk is different than that in porous media. Depending on the surfactant type, the divalent ions were found to have stronger influence on foam stabilization when compared to monovalent ions. The bulk foam results pointed out that the aqueous solutions containing calcium chloride salt (CaCl2) showed longer foam life with the anionic surfactant and very weak foam with the nonionic surfactant. The solutions with magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and CaCl2 salts displayed higher impact on foam stability in comparison with sodium chloride (NaCl) with the amphoteric alkyl amine surfactant. Less stable foams were generated with aqueous solutions comprising of both magnesium and calcium ions. In the microfluidic model, the solutions containing MgCl2 showed higher resistance to gas flow and subsequently higher mobility reduction factor for the injection gas when compared to those produced using NaCl and CaCl2 salts. This experimental study focusing about the role of different aqueous ions in the injection water on foam could help in better understanding the foam stabilization process. The new knowledge gained can also enable the selection and optimization of the right injection water chemistry and suitable chemicals for foam field applications.

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Pan, Ying, Jing Zhan, Haifeng Pan, Wei Wang, Hua Ge, Lei Song, and Yuan Hu. "A novel and effective method to fabricate flame retardant and smoke suppressed flexible polyurethane foam." RSC Advances 5, no. 83 (2015): 67878–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra09553k.

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Bergin, Are, Claudia Voigt, Robert Fritzsch, Shahid Akhtar, Lars Arnberg, Christos G. Aneziris, and Ragnhild E. Aune. "Experimental Study on the Chemical Stability of Phosphate-Bonded Al2O3-Based Ceramic Foam Filters (CFFs)." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 52, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): 2008–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02144-3.

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AbstractProduction of high-quality aluminum products requires an extensive melt treatment process, even more so with the increasing focus on recycling and sustainability. Filtration is a commonly used process segment for removal of non-metallic inclusions in aluminum, and ceramic foam filters (CFFs) are often used as the filtration media. In the present study, the chemical stability of phosphate-bonded Al2O3-based CFFs has been investigated. Three filters with different chemical compositions have been submerged into pure aluminum (with traces of Mg) and in an aluminum-magnesium melt (~ 2 wt pct Mg) at 730 °C. In addition to filter characterization before and after exposure to molten metal, using various imaging and X-ray techniques, the melt itself was analyzed by spark optical emission spectroscopy. The generation of phosphine gas was also measured by the use of Dräger tubes, and thermodynamic calculations performed using FactSage™. The phosphate-bonded filters were observed to react with the magnesium present in the molten aluminum even at very low magnesium concentrations (0.00035 wt pct), and as the magnesium concentration increased the severity of the degradation became more and more evident. The exposure time proved to have detrimental effect on the filter structure, with pieces of the filter struts broken off causing melt contamination. Severe filter degradation also resulted in color changes with accompanying diffusion of magnesium and phosphorus to and from the filter, respectively. Moreover, phosphine gas was released in amounts exceeding recommended exposure limits when the filter came in contact with the humidity in the air after testing. Good agreement was established to exist between the results from the thermodynamic calculations performed and the experimental results.

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37

Higginson, R. L., H. Chang, and Jon Binner. "Microstructures of Alumina-Aluminium/Magnesium Interpenetrating Composites." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1279.

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Interpenetrating composites allow a completely 3-dimensional matrix of two phases, in this case an alumina (ceramic) and aluminium-magnesium alloy (metal), to be developed. This 3-dimensionality yields a material with mechanical and physical properties that are superior to either the metal or ceramic individually. The composites were produced by heating an alumina foam and aluminium-magnesium alloys together in flowing nitrogen to in excess of 900°C. At these temperatures the alloy is drawn into the ceramic foam by capillary action. The infiltration process is dependent on the interaction of the alloy with the nitrogen atmosphere in the furnaces. This complex interaction and its affect on the microstructural development has been studied using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) coupled with Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS).

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Wang, Jing, Nannan Wang, Xin Liu, Jian Ding, Xingchuan Xia, Xueguang Chen, and Weimin Zhao. "Compressive Deformation Behavior of Closed-Cell Micro-Pore Magnesium Composite Foam." Materials 11, no. 5 (May 4, 2018): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11050731.

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LIU, Zi-li, Qing-lin PAN, Zhao-feng CHEN, Xi-qin LIU, and Jie TAO. "Heat transfer characteristics of lost foam casting process of magnesium alloy." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 16, no. 2 (April 2006): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(06)60076-9.

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STEINACHER, Matej, Primož MRVAR, and Franc ZUPANIČ. "Interaction between AE44 magnesium alloy and SiC–Al2O3–SiO2 ceramic foam." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 25, no. 3 (March 2015): 1011–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(15)63692-5.

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Du, Aobing, Yimin Zhao, Zhonghua Zhang, Shanmu Dong, Zili Cui, Kun Tang, Chenglong Lu, Pengxian Han, Xinhong Zhou, and Guanglei Cui. "Selenium sulfide cathode with copper foam interlayer for promising magnesium electrochemistry." Energy Storage Materials 26 (April 2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.12.030.

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42

Wen, C. E., Y. Yamada, K. Shimojima, Y. Chino, H. Hosokawa, and M. Mabuchi. "Compressibility of porous magnesium foam: dependency on porosity and pore size." Materials Letters 58, no. 3-4 (January 2004): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(03)00500-7.

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43

Aghion, Eli, Tal Yered, Yifat Perez, and Yael Gueta. "The Prospects of Carrying and Releasing Drugs Via Biodegradable Magnesium Foam." Advanced Engineering Materials 12, no. 8 (August 2010): B374—B379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.200980044.

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Jiang, Wen Ming, Zi Tian Fan, and Guang Yu Li. "Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of the Interface of Mg/Al Bimetallic Composites Prepared by Lost Foam Casting." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 2054–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2054.

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In the present work, the Mg/Al bimetallic composites were successfully prepared by the lost foam casting (LFC) process, and the characteristics and formation mechanism of the interface of the Mg/Al bimetallic composites were investigated. The results show that a uniform and compact metallurgical interface with an average thickness of about 1400 μm was formed between magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy. The interface layer of the Mg/Al bimetallic composites was composed of three different reaction layers, namely the Al12Mg17+δ(Mg) eutectic layer adjacent to the magnesium matrix, the Al12Mg17+Mg2Si interlayer and the Al3Mg2+Mg2Si layer close to the aluminum matrix. The microhardnesses of the interface layer were remarkably higher than those of the magnesium and aluminum matrixes. The stress strength of the Mg/Al bimetallic composites was up to 47.67 MPa. The fractograph of the push out sample mainly showed a brittle fracture nature. The formation of the interface of the Mg/Al bimetallic composites was attributed to the fusion and diffusion bonding. With the variations of the concentrations of the different elements at the interface, the Al3Mg2 intermetallic phase first formed near to the aluminum matrix, and then the Al12Mg17 and Mg2Si successively generated toward the magnesium matrix, finally obtaining the interface layer of the Mg/Al bimetallic composites.

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Dani, Muhammad Azhar Ariefkha, Bonita Dilasari, Yudi Nugraha Thaha, Ika Kartika, and Fendy Rokhmanto. "HARDNESS AND CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF Ti-20Cu-20Ni-20Mn- 20Zn AS HIGH ENTROPY ALLOY AND TI-13Cu-9Ni-5Mn-5Zn FOR MARINE STRUCTURE APPLICATION." Metalurgi 37, no. 2 (October 4, 2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/metalurgi.v37i2.636.

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An aneurysm clip is an implant tool for assisting the neurosurgeon in treating acute hemorrhagic stroke and cerebral aneurysm. This equipment stops the blood flow of a ruptured or enlarged blood vessel or aneurysm. In the development of aneurysm clip production, titanium alloy is the most used material selection. Several researchers reported that this metal leads to artifacts during MR (magnetic resonance) or CT (computed tomography) imaging. Since several pieces of evidence polyurethane could be a good material selection for aneurysm clips, this paper aims to investigate the material properties of the polyurethane foam with an additional combination of magnesium and zinc. This study conducts magnesium and zinc composition variations of 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, and 3 wt.%, respectively. The materials were tested using a compression test, a FTIR (fourier-transform-infrared), SEM (scanning-electron-microscope), DSC (differential-scanning-calorimetry), and TGA (thermogravimetric-analyzer) to determine the material properties. From all examinations, adding magnesium and zinc to polyurethane foam affected the compressive strength and porosity of the polyurethane foam. Therefore, all test results concluded that adding magnesium with a composition of 3wt.%, which has a compressive strength of 0.84 MPa, is the best mixture. The idea of finding other compositions that are compatible with the polyurethane will significantly increase the possibility of new materials for aneurysm clip construction.

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Dwijaya, Made Subekti, and Talitha Asmaria. "PRELIMINARY STUDY OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES ON PU-MG-ZN FOR ANEURYSM CLIP APPLICATION." Metalurgi 37, no. 2 (October 4, 2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/metalurgi.v37i2.645.

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An aneurysm clip is an implant tool for assisting the neurosurgeon in treating acute hemorrhagic stroke and cerebral aneurysm. This equipment stops the blood flow of a ruptured or enlarged blood vessel or aneurysm. In the development of aneurysm clip production, titanium alloy is the most used material selection. Several researchers reported that this metal leads to artifacts during MR (magnetic resonance) or CT (computed tomography) imaging. Since several pieces of evidence polyurethane could be a good material selection for aneurysm clips, this paper aims to investigate the material properties of the polyurethane foam with an additional combination of magnesium and zinc. This study conducts magnesium and zinc composition variations of 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, and 3 wt.%, respectively. The materials were tested using a compression test, a FTIR (fourier-transform-infrared), SEM (scanning-electron-microscope), DSC (differential-scanning-calorimetry), and TGA (thermogravimetric-analyzer) to determine the material properties. From all examinations, adding magnesium and zinc to polyurethane foam affected the compressive strength and porosity of the polyurethane foam. Therefore, all test results concluded that adding magnesium with a composition of 3wt.%, which has a compressive strength of 0.84 MPa, is the best mixture. The idea of finding other compositions that are compatible with the polyurethane will significantly increase the possibility of new materials for aneurysm clip construction.

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Olszówka-Myalska, Anita, Marcin Godzierz, Jerzy Myalski, and Patryk Wrześniowski. "Magnesium Matrix Composite with Open-Celled Glassy Carbon Foam Obtained Using the Infiltration Method." Metals 9, no. 6 (May 28, 2019): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9060622.

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In this study, we present a new composite material that was developed using the pressure infiltration method. In this composite, carbon reinforcement in the form of an open-celled rectangular foam (Cof) was applied, and pure magnesium with two commercial magnesium cast alloys (AZ31, RZ5) was used as the matrix. We examined the microstructure (LM, SEM + EDS) of composites as well as the density, porosity, hardness, compressive strength, flexural strength and tribological properties in dry conditions. It was revealed that the chemical composition of the matrix had a significant impact on the macrostructure, microstructure and properties of the composite. The matrix with rare elements (RZ5) induced poor infiltration of Cof and physicochemical degradation of the reinforcement, while pure magnesium ensured good infiltration, a stable friction coefficient and low wear. For the AZ31 alloy, the effects of infiltration were good; however, an increase in the tribological properties was not observed. Compared with the as-cast matrix materials, the presence of carbon foam in both pure Mg and AZ31 alloy induced an increase in compressive strength and stiffness as well as a decrease in flexural strength. Furthermore, SEM examination of the fractured and wear surfaces microstructure showed structural effects’ dependence on the matrix composition.

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Amos, Olusegun, T. E. Odetoye, and D. S. Ogunniyi. "SYNTHESIS OF METAL CARBOXYLATES FROM ALMOND SEED OIL (TERMINALIA CATAPPA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0504-769.

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TThe less exploited seed oil of almond was investigated for its potential utilization as a raw material for the synthesis of metal carboxylates. The oil was extracted from the almond seeds and a yield of 42% was obtained. The oil was characterized and used to synthesize the carboxylates of barium, calcium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, nickel and zinc. The functional groups of fatty acid carboxylates produced were confirmed by FTIR. The characteristic colours of the carboxylates were white (barium, calcium, magnesium and zinc carboxylates), ash (Cobalt carboxylate), mint green (copper carboxylate), brown (iron carboxylate), and lemon green (nickel carboxylate). The pH of the solutions of the metal carboxylates varies from 6.6 to 10 with no free alkaline. The foam stability test revealed a length of 1.3 cm for barium carboxylate and 0.3 cm for magnesium carboxylate while other carboxylates did not foam.

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Wang, Dong, Shou Ren Wang, Zhi Dong Zhang, and Wei Wu. "Manufacturing Technology Research of Magnesium Alloy Transmission Case." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.164.

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Based on the AZ91D magnesium alloy transmission case model, the paper analyzes the strength of transmission case by FEM method and manufacture products through the lost foam casting process. Then analyzes microstructure, ultimate strength, yield strength, elongation and impact toughness by sampling method. The results that AZ91D magnesium alloy is a preferable material in the small transmission field.

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Movahedi, Nima, Mehdi Taherishargh, Irina Belova, Graeme Murch, and Thomas Fiedler. "Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of an AZ91–Activated Carbon Syntactic Foam." Materials 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010003.

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In this study, activated carbon (AC) particles were combined with AZ91 alloy to manufacture a magnesium syntactic foam. This novel lightweight foam has a very low density, in the range of 1.12–1.18 gcm−3. The results show that no chemical reaction occurred between the AZ91 matrix and the activated carbon particles. The mechanical properties of the foam were evaluated under quasi-static compression loading conditions, and showed a consistent trend for the energy absorption of the fabricated AZ91–AC syntactic foams. The deformation mechanism of samples was a brittle fracture mode with the formation of shear bands during the fracture of all samples.

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