Relevant bibliographies by topics / Magmatic-hydrothermal system

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Academic literature on the topic 'Magmatic-hydrothermal system'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Magmatic-hydrothermal system"

1

Eichelberger, John, Alexey Kiryukhin, Silvio Mollo, Noriyoshi Tsuchiya, and Marlène Villeneuve. "Exploring and Modeling the Magma–Hydrothermal Regime." Geosciences 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10060234.

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This special issue comprises 12 papers from authors in 10 countries with new insights on the close coupling between magma as an energy and fluid source with hydrothermal systems as a primary control of magmatic behavior. Data and interpretation are provided on the rise of magma through a hydrothermal system, the relative timing of magmatic and hydrothermal events, the temporal evolution of supercritical aqueous fluids associated with ore formation, the magmatic and meteoric contributions of water to the systems, the big picture for the highly active Krafla Caldera, Iceland, as well as the implications of results from drilling at Krafla concerning the magma–hydrothermal boundary. Some of the more provocative concepts are that magma can intrude a hydrothermal system silently, that coplanar and coeval seismic events signal “magma fracking” beneath active volcanoes, that intrusive accumulations may far outlast volcanism, that arid climate favors formation of large magma chambers, and that even relatively dry rhyolite magma can convect rapidly and so lack a crystallizing mush roof. A shared theme is that hydrothermal and magmatic reservoirs need to be treated as a single system.
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Mohammadi, Nadia, Christopher R. M. McFarlane, David R. Lentz, and Kathleen G. Thorne. "Timing of magmatic crystallization and Sn–W–Mo greisen vein formation within the Mount Douglas Granite, New Brunswick, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, no. 7 (July 2020): 814–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0043.

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U–Pb geochronology was applied to a combination of magmatic and hydrothermal minerals to help constrain the timing of emplacement of three units in the Mount Douglas Granite (MDG) and reveal their association with a complex mineralized hydrothermal system containing endogranitic Sn–W–Mo–Zn–Bi–U-bearing greisen/sheeted veins within the pluton. Magmatic monazite and zircon U–Pb ages obtained by LA–ICP–MS overlap at 368 Ma, recording a Late Devonian crystallization age for the MDG. Although discrimination, outside analytical error, of sequential pulses of magmatism is beyond the resolution of LA–ICP–MS U–Pb geochronology, geochemical variations of monazite accompanied by previous whole-rock geochemical analyses support a progressive fractional crystallization process starting from a parental magma (Dmd1), leading to the generation of Dmd2, and finally Dmd3 as the most fractionated unit. Hydrothermal uraninite, cassiterite, and monazite, collected from endogranitic greisen/sheeted veins, reveal evidence for syn-magmatic-related mineralization and a longer-lived post-magmatic hydrothermal system. The first stage is recorded by concordant uraninite dates at 367 ± 3 Ma and by an inverse isochron lower intercept of 362 ± 8 Ma for cassiterite. In contrast, hydrothermal monazite crystallized over a wider range of ages from 368 to 344 Ma, demonstrating post-magmatic hydrothermal activity within the MDG. These magmatic and hydrothermal ages combined with the geochemical signature of the MDG are similar to those documented for the nearby Mount Pleasant Sn–W–Mo–Bi–In granite-related deposit, which suggests that the two mineralizing systems occur at different levels of the same magmatic system.
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Tajima, Yasuhisa, Setsuya Nakada, Fukashi Maeno, Toshio Huruzono, Masaaki Takahashi, Akihiko Inamura, Takeshi Matsushima, Masashi Nagai, and Jun Funasaki. "Shallow Magmatic Hydrothermal Eruption in April 2018 on Ebinokogen Ioyama Volcano in Kirishima Volcano Group, Kyushu, Japan." Geosciences 10, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10050183.

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The Kirishima Volcano Group is a volcanic field ideal for studying the mechanism of steam-driven eruptions because many eruptions of this type occurred in the historical era and geophysical observation networks have been installed in this volcano. We made regular geothermal observations to understand the hydrothermal activity in Ebinokogen Ioyama Volcano. Geothermal activity resumed around the Ioyama from December 2015. A steam blowout occurred in April 2017, and a hydrothermal eruption occurred in April 2018. Geothermal activity had gradually increased before these events, suggesting intrusion of the magmatic component fluids in the hydrothermal system under the volcano. The April 2018 eruption was a magmatic hydrothermal eruption caused by the injection of magmatic fluids into a very-shallow hydrothermal system as a bottom–up fluid pressurization, although juvenile materials were not identifiable. Additionally, the upwelling of mixed magma–meteoric fluids to the surface as a kick was observed just before the eruption to cause the top–down flashing of April 2018. A series of events was generated in the shallower hydrothermal regime consisting of multiple systems divided by conductive caprock layers.
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Fulignati, Paolo. "Hydrothermal fluid evolution in the ‘Botro ai Marmi’ quartz-monzonitic intrusion, Campiglia Marittima, Tuscany, Italy. Evidence from a fluid-inclusion investigation." Mineralogical Magazine 82, no. 5 (May 29, 2018): 1169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2018.116.

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ABSTRACTThe quartz-monzonitic intrusion of ‘Botro ai Marmi’ in Tuscany, Italy, can be considered to be a typical example of an intrusion-centred magmatic hydrothermal system. The evolution of hydrothermal fluids in the ‘Botro ai Marmi’ intrusion was investigated using fluid-inclusion analyses to provide suitable physico-chemical constraints on the fluids involved in the late- to post-magmatic hydrothermal activity that affected the intrusion, providing inferences on their origin and variations of temperature and pressure with time.This work demonstrates that the earliest fluids circulating in the ‘Botro ai Marmi’ intrusion were high-temperature brines exsolved directly from the crystallizing magma. This fluid circulated in the intrusion under lithostatic conditions (P > 90 MPa, T > 540°C). A second evolutionary stage of the magmatic hydrothermal system is marked by the transition from lithostatic (>90 MPa) to hydrostatic dominated conditions (50 to 10 MPa). In this stage the fluids are also interpreted to be mainly orthomagmatic in origin but unmixed in a high-salinity brine and in a low-salinity vapour aqueous phase, at a temperature ranging from ~500 to 300°C. These fluids were responsible for the potassic alteration facies. At a later stage of hydrothermal evolution, abundant meteoric dominated fluids entered the system and are associated with propylitic alteration. This event marks the transition from a magmatic-hydrothermal system to a typical hydrothermal (‘geothermal’) system, which can be assumed to be similar to some extent to the nearby active high-enthalpy geothermal system of Larderello. Low-temperature and low-salinity meteoric water-dominated fluids characterize the latest stage of the ‘Botro ai Marmi’ hydrothermal system.
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Mathieu, Lucie, Taylor D. Wasuita, Ross Sherlock, Fred Speidel, Jeffrey H. Marsh, Benoît Dubé, and Olivier Côté-Mantha. "Zircon from Altered Monzonite Rocks Provides Insights into Magmatic and Mineralizing Processes at the Douay Au Project, Abitibi Greenstone Belt." Geosciences 12, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12030114.

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Zircon provides essential information on the age and oxidation state of magmatic systems and can be used to characterize magmatic-hydrothermal Au mineralizing systems. Using the Douay intrusion-related gold system (IRGS) as a type example of Neoarchean syenite-associated mineralization (Abitibi greenstone belt), we demonstrate that zircon from altered quartz-monzonite rocks can also be used to infer the age of a magmatic-hydrothermal event. Here, zircon chemistry is used to identify the following sequence of events at the Douay exploration project: (1) the crystallization of zircon at ~2690 Ma in evolved residual melts with distinct U-contents (quartz-monzonite magma); (2) the extensive radiation damage for the U-rich grains over a period of ~10–15 My; and (3) the alteration of zircon grains at ~2676 Ma by interaction with magmatic-hydrothermal mineralizing fluids derived from syenite and carbonatite intrusive phases. This study also distinguishes extensively altered zircon grains from pristine to least-altered zircon formed in distinct magmatic environments using a Th/U vs. U discrimination diagram.
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Stearns, Michael A., John M. Bartley, John R. Bowman, Clayton W. Forster, Carl J. Beno, Daniel D. Riddle, Samuel J. Callis, and Nicholas D. Udy. "Simultaneous Magmatic and Hydrothermal Regimes in Alta–Little Cottonwood Stocks, Utah, USA, Recorded Using Multiphase U-Pb Petrochronology." Geosciences 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10040129.

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Magmatic and hydrothermal systems are intimately linked, significantly overlapping through time but persisting in different parts of a system. New preliminary U-Pb and trace element petrochronology from zircon and titanite demonstrate the protracted and episodic record of magmatic and hydrothermal processes in the Alta stock–Little Cottonwood stock plutonic and volcanic system. This system spans the upper ~11.5 km of the crust and includes a large composite pluton (e.g., Little Cottonwood stock), dike-like conduit (e.g., Alta stock), and surficial volcanic edifices (East Traverse and Park City volcanic units). A temperature–time path for the system was constructed using U-Pb and tetravalent cation thermometry to establish a record of >10 Myr of pluton emplacement, magma transport, volcanic eruption, and coeval hydrothermal circulation. Zircons from the Alta and Little Cottonwood stocks recorded a single population of apparent temperatures of ~625 ± 35 °C, while titanite apparent temperatures formed two distinct populations interpreted as magmatic (~725 ± 50 °C) and hydrothermal (~575 ± 50 °C). The spatial and temporal variations required episodic magma input, which overlapped in time with hydrothermal fluid flow in the structurally higher portions of the system. The hydrothermal system was itself episodic and migrated within the margin of the Alta stock and its aureole through time, and eventually focused at the contact of the Alta stock. First-order estimates of magma flux in this system suggest that the volcanic flux was 2–5× higher than the intrusive magma accumulation rate throughout its lifespan, consistent with intrusive volcanic systems around the world.
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Yu, Ming-Zhen, Xue-Gang Chen, Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, Ying Ye, and Chen-Tung Arthur Chen. "Volatile Chalcophile Elements in Native Sulfur from a Submarine Hydrothermal System at Kueishantao, Offshore NE Taiwan." Minerals 9, no. 4 (April 21, 2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9040245.

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We analyzed sulfur isotopes, trace elements and chalcophile elements (Se, Te, As, Sb, and Hg) in the native sulfur matrix from the Kueishantao hydrothermal system and conducted a systematic micro-analytical investigation. The sulfur matrix lacked all measured metals (e.g., Fe, Cu) and rare earth elements (REEs) while being significantly enriched in Te, As, Se (750–1500 ppm), Sb (around 100 ppm) and some Hg. The δ34S data (0.2–2.4‰) suggest a magmatic source leached from igneous rocks and a small contribution of seawater sulfates to the sulfur in hydrothermal deposits. Correlations between Te, As, Sb, and S (r2 = 0.30–0.61) indicate that these elements behave coherently in magmatic-hydrothermal processes. The enrichment factors and content ratios of these elements demonstrate their abundance in the sulfur matrix and minor fractionation after being partitioned into the metallic melt and forming a separate vapor phase to transport. Our study focuses on the native sulfur matrix in a shallow-water volcanic hydrothermal system, to which relatively little attention has previously been paid. This will expand our understanding of hydrothermal precipitates. The study of volatile chalcophile elements in the matrix will provide significant information about their sources, distributions and other geochemical behaviors in magmatic-hydrothermal processes and help to understand the Kueishantao hydrothermal circulation better.
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Cangelosi, Delia, Sam Broom-Fendley, David Banks, Daniel Morgan, and Bruce Yardley. "Light rare earth element redistribution during hydrothermal alteration at the Okorusu carbonatite complex, Namibia." Mineralogical Magazine 84, no. 1 (August 15, 2019): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2019.54.

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AbstractThe Cretaceous Okorusu carbonatite, Namibia, includes diopside-bearing and pegmatitic calcite carbonatites, both exhibiting hydrothermally altered mineral assemblages. In unaltered carbonatite, Sr, Ba and rare earth elements (REE) are hosted principally by calcite and fluorapatite. However, in hydrothermally altered carbonatites, small (<50 µm) parisite-(Ce) grains are the dominant REE host, while Ba and Sr are hosted in baryte, celestine, strontianite and witherite. Hydrothermal calcite has a much lower trace-element content than the original, magmatic calcite. Regardless of the low REE contents of the hydrothermal calcite, the REE patterns are similar to those of parisite-(Ce), magmatic minerals and mafic rocks associated with the carbonatites. These similarities suggest that hydrothermal alteration remobilised REE from magmatic minerals, predominantly calcite, without significant fractionation or addition from an external source. Barium and Sr released during alteration were mainly reprecipitated as sulfates. The breakdown of magmatic pyrite into iron hydroxide is inferred to be the main source of sulfate. The behaviour of sulfur suggests that the hydrothermal fluid was somewhat oxidising and it may have been part of a geothermal circulation system. Late hydrothermal massive fluorite replaced the calcite carbonatites at Okorusu and resulted in extensive chemical change, suggesting continued magmatic contributions to the fluid system.
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Launay, Gaëtan, Stanislas Sizaret, Philippe Lach, Jérémie Melleton, Eric Gloaguen, and Marc Poujol. "Genetic relationship between greisenization and Sn–W mineralization in vein and greisen deposits: Insights from the Panasqueira deposit (Portugal)." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 192 (2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2020046.

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The W–Sn Panasqueira ore deposit is a magmatic-hydrothermal system, which includes a high-grade quartz-vein type mineralization and a disseminated greisen-type mineralization occurring in the upper part of the Panasqueira two-mica granite. We investigated the genetic and chronological relationships between the greisenization of the Panasqueira granite and the formation of ore-bearing quartz veins by monitoring major and trace elements variations in quartz-white mica assemblages composing the two-mica granite, greisen and W–Sn-bearing quartz veins. The greisen is characterized by an overall depletion in Mg, Ti, Ca, Na, Ba, Sr, REE and enrichment in Fe, Li, Rb, Cs, Sn, W which reflect the breakdown of feldspars and fluid-rock interactions with W–Sn-bearing fluids. White-mica from greisen and mineralized quartz veins are enriched in granophile elements (F, Rb, Cs, Li, Sn, W and Zn) compared to magmatic muscovite from the two-mica granite. Trace elements contents in quartz depict trends which show the progressive enrichment in Ge and B and depletion in Al, Ti and Li from magmatic to hydrothermal quartz that emphasize the progressive evolution and cooling of the magmatic-hydrothermal system of Panasqueira. Geochemical similarities between quartz-white mica assemblages from greisen and wolframite-bearing veins suggest that greisenization and the formation of mineralized veins result from the same hydrothermal event and derived from the same source of hydrothermal fluids. Apatite from greisen and quartz vein yielded U–Pb ages of 292 ± 10 Ma and 295 ± 5 Ma respectively confirming that greisenization and the formation of mineralized veins occurred roughly at the same time. These ages also overlap with the emplacement age of the Panasqueira granite (296 ± 4 Ma), indicating a temporal link between greisenization, W–Sn mineralization and granite crystallization. Temperatures of the magmatic-hydrothermal system constrained by Ti-in quartz thermometry depicts a cooling trend from magmatic quartz of granite (700–600 °C) to hydrothermal quartz of greisen (500–400 °C) and veins (450–350 °C). These results suggest that greisenization and the formation of W–Sn bearing quartz veins occurred at the magmatic-hydrothermal transition, during which orthomagmatic fluids rich in volatils, incompatible elements and W–Sn were exsolved during the final solidification stage of the Panasqueira two-mica granite.
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Hanson, R. Brooks. "Hydrodynamics of magmatic and meteoric fluids in the vicinity of granitic intrusions." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 87, no. 1-2 (1996): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006660.

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ABSTRACT:Numerical models that account for fluid flow, magmatic and metamorphic fluid production, topography and thermal expansion of the fluid following emplacement of a granitic magma in the upper crust reveal controls on the distribution of magmatic fluids during the evolution of a hydrothermal system. Initially, fluid pressures are close to lithostatic in and near an intrusion, and internally generated magmatic and metamorphic fluids are expelled. Later, fluid pressures drop to hydrostatic values and meteoric fluids circulate throughout the system. High permeabilities and low rates of fluid production accelerate this transition. Fluid production in the magma and wallrocks is the dominant mechanism elevating fluid pressures to lithostatic values. For granitic intrusions, about three to five times as much magmatic fluid is produced as metamorphic fluid. Continuous fluid release from a granitic magma with a vertical dimensions of 10 km produces a dynamic permeability of up to several tens of microdarcies.Near the surface, topography associated with a typical volcano acts to maintain a shallow meteoric flow system and drive fluids laterally. The exponential decay with depth of the influence of topography on fluid pressures results in a persistent zone of mixing at a depth of 1-2 km between these meteoric fluids and magmatic fluids despite variations in the strength of the magmatic hydrothermal system. However, in shallow systems where fluid release is episodic, dramatic changes in the region of mixing are still possible because fluid pressure is sensitive to variations in the rates of fluid production. At depth, high rates of metamorphic fluid production in the wallrocks and low permeabilities (< 1 μD) produce elevated fluid pressures, which hinder the lateral flow of magmatic fluids. Together, these patterns are consistent with the distribution and evolution of skarns and hydrothermal ore deposits around granitic magmas.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Magmatic-hydrothermal system"

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Smith, Daniel James. "From slab to sinter : the magmatic-hydrothermal system of Savo Volcano, Solomon Islands." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8207.

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This PhD was made possible by funding from the Natural Environment Research Council and the British Geological Survey. Additional funds came from the Society of Economic Geologists, Robert’s Skills Fund, Whitaker Fund, the Mineralogical Society and the Geochemical Society.
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Liu, Lei. "Heat transfer from a convecting crystallizing, replenished magmatic sill and its link to seafloor hydrothermal heat output." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37215.

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Hydrothermal systems at oceanic spreading centers play an important role in the composition of seawater, the formation of ore deposits, the support of microbial and macrofaunal ecosystems, and even for the development of life on early earth. These circulation systems are driven by heat transport from the underlying magma chamber, where latent heat of crystallization and sensible heat from cooling are transferred by vigorous, high Rayleigh number convection through a thin conductive boundary layer. The traditional study of magmatic-hydrothermal systems is primarily based on the time-series observation, which takes the form of repeat visits, continuous offline monitoring by autonomous instruments, or continuous online monitoring by instruments with satellite or cable links to shore. Although a number of studies have deployed autonomous monitoring instruments at vents and around mid-ocean ridges to investigate geophysical and hydrothermal processes, the data are still rather limited and a comprehensive understanding of magma-hydrothermal processes at oceanic spreading centers is lacking. Numerical modeling needs to be employed to elucidate the dynamic behavior of magmatic hydrothermal systems and for testing completing hypotheses in these complex, data-poor environments. In this dissertation, I develop a mathematical framework for investigating heat transport from a vigorously convecting, crystallizing, cooling, and replenished magma chamber to an overlying hydrothermal system at an oceanic spreading center. The resulting equations are solved numerically using MATLAB. The simulations proceed step-by-step to investigate several different aspects of the system. First, I consider a hydrothermal system driven by convection, cooling and crystallization in a ~ 100 m thick basaltic magma sill representing an axial magma chamber (AMC) at an oceanic spreading center. I investigate two different crystallization scenarios, crystal-suspended and crystal-settling, and consider both un-replenished and replenished AMCs. In cases without magma replenishment, the simulation results for crystals-suspended models show that heat output and the hydrothermal temperature decrease rapidly and crystallinity reaches 60% in less than ten years. In crystals-settling models, magma convection may last for decades, but decreasing heat output and hydrothermal temperatures still occur on decadal timescales. When magma replenishment is included, the magmatic heat flux approaches steady state on decadal timescales, while the magma body grows to double its original size. The rate of magma replenishment needed ranges between 5 x 10⁵ and 5 x 10⁶ m³/yr, which is somewhat faster than required for seafloor spreading, but less than fluxes to some terrestrial and subseafloor volcanoes on similar timescales. The heat output from a convecting, crystallizing, replenished magma body that is needed to drive observed high-temperature hydrothermal systems is consistent, with gabbro glacier models of crustal production at mid-ocean ridges. Secondly, I study the heat transfer model from a parametric perspective and examine the effects of both initial magma chamber thickness and magma replenishment rate on the hydrothermal heat output. The initial rate of convective heat transfer is independent of the initial sill thickness; but without magma replenishment, the rate of decay of the heat output varies linearly with thickness, resulting in short convective lifetimes and decaying hydrothermal temperatures for sills up to ~ 100m thick. When magma replenishment is included in crystals settling scenarios at constant or exponentially decreasing rates of ~ 10⁻⁸ m/s to the base of the sill, growth of the sill results in stabilized heat output and hydrothermal temperature on decadal timescales and a relatively constant to increasing thickness of the liquid layer. Sills initially ~ 10 m thick can grow, in principal, to ~ 10 times their initial size with stable heat output and a final melt thickness less than 100m. Seismic data provides evidence of AMC thickness, but it can not discriminate whether it denotes initial magma thickness or is a result of replenishment. These results suggest that magma replenishment might not be seismically detectable on decadal time scales. Periodic replenishment may also result in quasi-stable heat output, but the magnitude of the heat output may vary considerably in crystals suspended models at low frequencies; compared to crystals settling models. In these models the direct coupling between magmatic and hydrothermal heat output suggests that heat output fluctuations might be recorded in hydrothermal vents; but if damping effects of the basal conductive boundary layer and the upflow zone are taken into account, it seems unlikely that heat output fluctuations on a time scale of years would be recorded in hydrothermal vent temperatures or heat output. Thirdly, I extend the work to the binary system motivated by the fact that the real magmas are multi-component fluids. I focus on the extensively studied binary system, diopside-anorthite (Di-An), and investigate the effects of convection of a two-component magma system on the hydrothermal circulation system through the dynamic modeling of both temperature and heat output. I model the melt temperature and viscosity as a function of Di concentration, and incorporate these relations in the modeling of the heat flux. Simulations comparing the effects of different initial Di concentrations indicate that magmas with higher initial Di concentrations convect more vigorously, which results in faster heat transfer, more rapid removal of Di from the melt and growth of crystals on the floor. With magma replenishment, I assume that the magma chamber grows either horizontally or vertically. In either case magma replenishment at a constant rate of ~ 10⁻⁸ m³/a can maintain relatively stable heat output of 10⁷-10⁹ Watts and reasonable hydrothermal vent temperatures for decades. The final stabilized heat flux increases with increasing Di content of the added magma. Periodic replenishment with a 10 year period results in temperature perturbations within the magma that also increase as a function of increasing Di. With the simple magma model used here, one can not discern conclusively whether the decrease in magma temperature between the 1991/1992 and the 2005/2006 eruptions at EPR 9°50'N involved replenishment with more or less evolved magmas. Fourthly, I investigate a high-silica magma chamber as the hydrothermal circulation driver. I construct viscosity models for andesite and dacite melts as a function of temperature and water content and incorporate these expressions into a numerical model of thermal convective heat transport from a high Rayleigh number, well-mixed, crystallizing and replenished magma sill beneath a hydrothermal circulation system. Simulations comparing the time dependent heat flux from basalt, 0.1wt.% andesite, 3wt.% andesite, and 4wt.% dacite, indicate that higher viscosity magmas convect less vigorously, which results not only in lower heat transport and hydrothermal vent temperatures, but also in a lower decay rate of the vent temperature. Though somewhat colder, hydrothermal systems driven by unreplenished high-silica melts tend to have a longer lifetime than those driven by basalts, assuming a heat output cutoff of 10⁷ Watts. As in the basaltic case, magma replenishment at a rate of ~ 3 x 10⁵ - 3 x 10⁶ m³/a can maintain relatively stable heat output of 10⁷-10⁹ Watts and hydrothermal vent temperatures for decades. Idealized models of porous flow through the lower crust suggest such replenishment rates are not likely to occur, especially for high-viscosity magmas such as andesite and dacite. Long term stability of hydrothermal systems driven by these magmas requires an alternate means of magma replenishment. Finally, the dissertation concludes by discussing some avenues for future work. Most important of these are to: (1) couple magma convection with more realistic hydrothermal models and (2) link magma chamber processes to better physical models of replenishment and eruption.
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Choi, Jaewoon. "The response of two-phase hydrothermal systems to changing magmatic heat input at mid-ocean ridges." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50575.

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Hydrothermal processes at oceanic spreading centers are largely influenced by changing magmatic heat input. I use the FISHES code to investigate the evolution of surface temperature and salinity as a function of time-varying heat flux at the base of a two-phase, vapor-brine hydrothermal system. I consider a two-dimensional rectangular box that is 1.5 km deep and 4 km long with homogeneous permeability. Impermeable, insulated conditions are imposed on the left and right hand boundaries. To simulate time-varying heat flux from a sub-axial magma chamber of 500 m long half-width, I consider a variety of basal boundary conditions: (1) a constant heat flux with an value of 130 W/m2; (2) a sinusoidal heat flux with a period of 6 years and an amplitude ranging between 100 and 50 W/m2; (3) step, random, and exponential heat fluxes ranging between 200 and 15 W/m2; and (4) an analytical function of temporally decaying heat flux resulting from a simulated cooling, crystallizing magmatic sill. As a result of the investigation I find: (1) changes in bottom temperature and salinity closely follow the temporal variations in magmatic heat inputs; (2) the surface temperature response is severely damped and high frequency variations in heat flow are not detected; (3) in regions where phase separation of vapor and brine occurs, surface salinity variations may be recorded in response to changing conditions at depth, but these are smaller in amplitude.
Master of Science
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Drieberg, Susan L. "The magmatic-hydrothermal architecture of the Archean Volcanic Massive Sulfide (VMS) System at Panorama, Pilbara, Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0064.

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[Truncated abstract. Formulae and special characters can only be approximated here. Please see the pdf version of this abstract for an accurate representation.] The 3.24 Ga Panorama VMS District, located in the Pilbara Craton of Western Australia, is exposed as a cross-section through subvolcanic granite intrusions and a coeval submarine volcanic sequence that hosts Zn-Cu mineralization. The near-complete exposure across the district, the very low metamorphic grade, and the remarkable preservation of primary igneous and volcanic textures provides an unparalleled opportunity to examine the P-T-X-source evolution of a VMS ore-forming system and to assess the role of the subvolcanic intrusions as heat sources and/or metal contributors to the overlying VMS hydrothermal system. Detailed mapping of the Panorama VMS District has revealed seven major vein types related to the VMS hydrothermal system or to the subvolcanic intrusions. (1) Quartz-chalcopyrite veins, hosted in granophyric granite immediately beneath the granite-volcanic contact, formed prior to main stage VMS hydrothermal convection, and were precipitated from mixed H2OCO 2-NaCl-KCl fluids with variable salinities (2.5 to 8.5 wt% NaCl equiv). (2) Quartz-sericite veins, ubiquitous across the top 50m of the volcanic sequence, were formed from an Archean seawater with a salinity of 9.7 to 11.2 wt% NaCl equiv at temperatures of 90° to 135°C. These veins formed synchronous with the regional feldspar-sericite-quartz-ankerite alteration during seawater recharge into the main stage VMS hydrothermal convection cells. (3) Quartz-pyrite veins hosted in granophyric granite, and (4) quartz-carbonate-pyrite veins hosted in andesitebasalt, also formed from relatively unevolved Archean seawater (5.5 to 10.1 wt% NaCl equiv; 150° to 225°C), but during the collapse of the VMS hydrothermal system when cool, unmodified seawater invaded the top of the subvolcanic intrusions. (5) Quartz-topaz-muscovite greisen, (6) quartz-chlorite-chalcopyrite vein greisen, and (7) hydrothermal Cu-Zn-Sn veins are hosted in the subvolcanic intrusions. Primary H2O-NaCl-CaCl2 fluid inclusions in the vein greisens were complex high temperature hypersaline inclusions (up to 590°C and up to 56 wt% NaCl equiv). The H2O-CO2-NaCl fluid inclusions in the Cu-Zn-Sn veins have variable salinities, ranging from 4.9 to 14.1 wt% NaCl equiv, and homogenization temperatures ranging from 160° to 325°C. The hydrothermal quartz veins and magmatic metasomatic phases in the subvolcanic intrusions were formed from a magmatic-hydrothermal fluid that had evolved through wallrock reactions, cooling, and finally mixing with seawater-derived VMS hydrothermal fluids.
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Busane, Emmanuel Aganze. "Sulphide textures and compositions associated with the hydrothermal/magmatic system of the Twangiza gold deposit (South Kivu, DRC)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76588.

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Twangiza mine is a gold deposit situated in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The rock types at the Twangiza Mine consist of black shale, including carbonaceous mudstone and thin intercalated layers of siltstone, and feldspar-rich granitoid intrusive sills, referred to as albitite, folded into a major antiformal structure. The gold mineralization at the mine is commonly found associated with sulphides. The sulphide textures and compositions of mineralized and unmineralized samples of black shales, albitite sills and hydrothermal veins in the mine are considered for the understanding of the spatial association of gold with sulphides and gold mineralization history of the mine. The sulphides within the Twangiza mine consist of pyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and rare cobaltite. The primary pyrite texture occurs in unmineralized black shale and is interpreted to be diagenetic. It consists of fine-grained anhedral pyrite crystals aggregating into spherical nodules and formed in replacement of organic material during the diagenesis process. The secondary pyrite textures resulted from the hydrothermal fluids activity and include (i) aggregates of annealed anhedral crystals into sulphide-rich lenses; (ii) elongated anhedral pyrite in the form of short stringers; (iii) fine-grained subhedral to euhedral pyrite randomly distributed within the rock matrix; (iv) euhedral zoned pyrite crystals occurring within veins; (v) aggregations of fine-grained anhedral pyrite, locally distributed in the matrix; (vi) abundant dissemination of fine-grained subhedral to anhedral pyrite crystals within the vein selvedge in the host rock; (vii) and coarse-grained massive pyrite bodies. The pyrite major elemental composition does not vary significantly in the different textures and sample types. The Fe content ranges from 44.57 to 46.40 wt. %, and the S content ranges from 53.75 to 55.25 wt. %. Pyrite from mineralized black shale and hydrothermal veins contains relatively higher concentrations of As (~ 1 wt. %) than pyrite from other sample types. The arsenopyrite commonly occurs as fine-grained anhedral crystals as inclusions within pyrite, medium-grained crystal intergrowing with pyrite and/or as coarse-grained massive arsenopyrite bodies in the massive sulphide veins. The arsenopyrite composition is uniform in all textural and sample type with Fe content ranging from 33.44 to 35.20 wt. %, S content ranging from 21.13 to 22.55 wt. % and As content ranging from 42.20 to 43.97 wt. %. In mineralized black shale and unmineralized black shale, the arsenopyrite shows, however, minor concentrations of Ni with 0.39 and 0.70 wt. % respectively. The pyrrhotite occurs as fine-grained anhedral patchy crystals randomly distributed within the rock matrix of unmineralized black shale and unmineralized granitoid, and / or as inclusions within pyrite in mineralized granitoid. The pyrrhotite shows a uniform composition in all samples and textural types, though minor concentrations of Ni (2.06 wt. %) content are reported in unmineralized granitoid. Chalcopyrite occurs as fine-grained crystals in inclusions within pyrite; and cobaltite occurs as rare fine-grained anhedral crystals occasionally disseminated in the albitite sill matrix. The chalcopyrite composition does not vary considerably in all sample and textural types, and cobaltite shows minor concentrations of Ni (4.55 wt. %) and Fe (3.45 wt. %). Native gold grains are commonly found associated with the secondary pyrite texture especially within the sulphide-rich lenses and in the massive sulphide veins, and are almost pure with ~97 wt. %. A Na-rich hydrothermal fluid from low-grade metamorphism associated with the E-W compressive tectonic event, which caused formation of the antiform structure which control the mineralization in the deposit area, led to the albitization of the deposit rocks and specially the alteration of the granitic assemblage to form albitite, and the deposition of aggregates of fine-grained anhedral crystals and growth and annealing of pyrite in sulphide-rich lenses. Afterward, the CO2-rich hydrothermal fluids influx circulated through reactivated structures, including quartz veins, and led to the precipitation of dolomite, ankerite, siderite and magnesite. They also led to the precipitation of pyrite of secondary textures as well as arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and formation of pyrrhotite from the desulphurization of early pyrite. The CO2-rich hydrothermal fluids probably leached gold and other trace elements such as As, Co, etc. from the sedimentary host rocks and deposited them into suitable traps, such as the sulphide-rich lenses and massive sulphide bodies, preferably within the hinge zone of anticline axis constituting a hydrothermal fluid pathway.
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Hames, Benjamin P. "Evolution of the Late Cretaceous Whistler Au-(Cu) porphyry corridor and magmatic-hydrothermal system, Kahiltna terrane, southwestern Alaska, USA." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50184.

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The Whistler Corridor is located in the Alaskan Range 150 km northwest of Anchorage. Hosted by the regionally extensive Kahiltna flysch terrane, the Whistler Igneous Suite (WIS) volcano-magmatic sequence is calc-alkalic, metaluminous, and exhibits an arc related trace element signature. Extrusive rocks comprise andesite flows, volcaniclastic rocks, and hypabyssal dykes and sills. Intrusive rocks are dioritic with two major phases. An initial phase associated with porphyry mineralisation was dated by zircon U-Pb (CA-TIMS) at 76.4 ± 0.3 Ma. A later unmineralised phase had previously been determined by hornblende Ar-Ar at 75.5 ± 0.3 Ma. Mineralised diorite exhibits Nb/Y ratios >1.1 distinct from unmineralised diorite (Nb/Y<1.1). Of several porphyry occurrences the largest is the Whistler deposit hosting an indicated and inferred resource of 3.13 Moz Au and 769 Mlbs Cu. The main Au-Cu zone is characterised by feldspar-stable albite-magnetite (sodic-ferric) and K-feldspar-magnetite (potassic) alteration associated with magnetite (M-) and quartz (A-, B-) veins. High-temperature albitic alteration was characterised using energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) analyses of previously unidentified alteration. A peripheral zone of quartz-sericite-pyrite (phyllic) alteration is associated with quartz (D1-3) and pyrite (D4-5) veins. Sphalerite and galena in D3-veins define an overprinting Zn-Pb zone. An intermineral intrusive phase in the core of the deposit is associated with a magmatic-hydrothermal breccia hosting the highest-grade Cu-Au zone. Locally, shallow-level equivalent of D3-veins comprise colloform and crustiform textured intermediate-sulphidation Pb-Zn-Ag-Au veins. Sulphide δ³⁴S isotopes range from 0.4-7.7‰ (xˉ=3.8‰; σ=1.3‰). δ³⁴S in M/A-veins is 1.7‰; B-veins 3.4‰; D1-3 veins 3.7‰; D4-5 veins 4.9‰; and E-veins 6.5‰. δ³⁴S values increase temporally due to the preferential fractionation of ³⁴S into increasingly acidic, reduced fluids. Chlorite and sericite overprint feldspar-stable alteration. Short-wave infrared spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction demonstrate higher temperature, more crystalline sericite in phyllic than chlorite-sericite alteration. A lack of a negative Nb-Ta anomaly, consistently positive sulphide δ³⁴S isotopes, and oxidised magnetite-series igneous rocks suggest a lack of crustal contamination. Thus, at ca. 76 Ma Whistler represents the earliest, least crustally contaminated, porphyry occurrences of the Late Cretaceous magmatic epoch in SW Alaska.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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7

Arnoux, Gillean. "Novel Insights into Mass and Energy Transfer and Mid-Ocean Ridges from Seismic Imaging of the East Pacific Rise and Juan de Fuca Ridge." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24532.

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In this dissertation, I use seismic imaging and waveform modeling methods to investigate melt migration processes and the structure of the magma plumbing system beneath the East Pacific Rise (EPR) and Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, respectively. This work begins by studying shallow mantle reflections beneath the EPR. I find the amplitude versus offset and waveform characteristics of the reflections to be consistent with a sub-horizontal dunite channels located up to 20 km off-axis. The depth of the dunite channels correlate with patterns of mantle melt delivery and the predicted base of the thermal lithosphere, suggesting the channels are thermally controlled and may have formed in situ via dissolution by focused flow at the base of the lithosphere. This interpretation is consistent with field observations in ophiolites and numerical modeling of melt-focusing channels. The three-dimensional velocity structure of the Endeavour segment is then investigated to identify how patterns of mantle melt delivery influence the segment-scale distribution of crustal melt and crustal accretion. The results from this study indicate that the mantle magmatic system is skewed relative to the ridge-tracking crustal magmatic system and that this skew exerts primary control on magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal activity at the Endeavour segment. In regions where mantle melt delivery is axis-centered, mantle-derived melts are efficiently transported from the mantle to the crust, resulting in frequent crustal melt replenishment, associated seismogenic cracking, and enhanced crustal melt content that drives vigorous hydrothermal activity. Conversely, sites of off-axis melt delivery are characterized by less efficient vertical melt transport, resulting in infrequent crustal melt injection and hence, reduced crustal melt content and hydrothermal activity. Next, I focus on how along-axis variations in magma replenishment modulate crustal permeability and the intensity of hydrothermal circulation. Using full-waveform inversion, I show that sites of localized magma replenishment to the axial magma lens, along with induced seismogenic cracking, coincide with enhanced permeability. I conclude that the frequency of magma injection governs hydrothermal circulation patterns and heat flux at mid-ocean ridges. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished coauthored material.
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Jensen, Eric Paul, and Eric Paul Jensen. "Magmatic and hydrothermal evolution of the Cripple Creek gold deposit, Colorado, and comparisons with regional and global magmatic-hydrothermal systems associated with alkaline magmatism." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280422.

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The Cripple Creek district, Colorado is renowned for its epithermal gold telluride veins which have produced over 21 million ounces of gold from an intensely altered alkaline diatreme complex (total production + economic resources of >900 tons Au, geologic resource >>1000 tons). Gold mineralization principally occurs as telluride minerals hosted by swarms of narrow veins composed of quartz ± fluorite, carbonate, adularia, pyrite > barite/celestite and accessory base metal sulfides. Mineralized hydrothermal breccias are also found in the district, along with low-grade, bulk tonnage resources that are targets of current mining activities. Newly recognized is a complex history of hydrothermal alteration and magmatism that led up to, and continued past the development of gold mineralization. These include the development of large volumes of low-temperature, alkali feldspar-rich styles of alteration, and more restricted volumes of high temperature, pyroxene and biotite-rich types. Gold mineralization is associated with voluminous K-feldspar + pyrite ± carbonate alteration that largely postdates igneous activity, and these are widely developed in the upper ∼1000 m of the volcanic complex. These follow a complex magmatic history characterized by at least three cycles of recharge. Although voluminous sulfate (anhydrite) and sulfide-rich styles of mineralization were also developed in the latest stages of hydrothermal activity, a remarkable aspect of Cripple Creek is the distinct underdevelopment of acid styles of alteration; feldspar and carbonate-rich styles of alteration predominate at all levels of exposure. The link between alkaline magmatism and gold deposits has been long recognized, but relatively recent discoveries of large, high grade deposits (Ladolam, Philippines, Porgera, Papua New Guinea), along with continued production from districts like Cripple Creek, encourages continued exploration. Salient characteristics shared by these deposits include telluride-rich mineralization accompanied by extensive carbonation, and voluminous K-metasomatism. Likewise, hydrolytic (acid) alteration tends to be poorly developed in many alkaline systems. This has important environmental implications, as the high acid buffering potential makes these deposits environmentally favorable to mine. The potential in alkaline systems for large and high grade deposits, coupled with the common lack of recognition of their distinctive styles of alteration and mineralization, makes these a compelling exploration target.
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Hollis, Lucy. "Cretaceous porphyry magmatic-hydrothermal systems in the Tchaikazan River area, southwest B.C." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15291.

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The Hub, Charlie and Northwest Copper are spatially related mineral showings (Cu ± Mo) located in the Tchaikazan River area of southwest British Columbia. The Tchaikazan River area is located on the boundary between the Intermontane Belt and southeast Coast Belt (SECB). Evidence of magmatic-hydrothermal alteration is preserved throughout the study area. Multiple episodes of magmatic-hydrothermal activity are associated with these three centres of porphyry-style mineralization. The Hub diorite is the oldest dated pluton in the area, with a U-Pb zircon emplacement age of 81.19 ± 0.78 Ma. ZFT/AFT data suggests an emplacement depth of> 4km for the Hub diorite. The Hub diorite is crosscut by a biotite ± magnetite (± quartz) matrix/cemented hydrothermal breccia. A feldspar hornblende dyke crosscuts both the diorite and hydrothermal breccia and gives a U-Pb zircon age of 79.9 ± 1.5 Ma. Copper, molybdenite ± galena occurs in quartz veining and cement to the hydrothermal breccia. ZFT/U-Pb and Ar-Ar ages for the Hub diorite are within error of each other. AFT data suggests an average erosion rate of 40 m/myr for intrusive rocks in the Taseko Lakes area. Field relationships, geophysical anomalies, geochronology, and stable isotope data suggest that there are three centres for magmatic-hydrothermal activity in the Tchaikazan River area: The Hub, Northwest Copper pluton, and Ravioli Ridge. The area displays evidence for multiple, temporally-distinct intrusive, alteration and mineralizing events.
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Reardon, Nancy Catherine. "Magmatic-hydrothermal systems and associated magnetite-apatite-actinolite deposits, Echo Bay, Northwest Territories." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7543.

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Magnetite-apatite-actinolite deposits occur as pervasive replacement, veins, pods and breccias within wall rocks to the plutons of the Mystery Island intrusive suite at Echo Bay, Northwest Territories. The plutons and their altered wall rocks host previously-mined pitchblende, native Ag, Ni-Co arsenide veins. Although numerous studies were carried out on the pitchblende, native Ag, Ni-Co arsenide veins, the origin of the altered rocks which host them remains uncertain. Overall, this study reveals that the formation of magnetite-apatite-actinolite veins, pervasive replacement of rocks by albite and magnetite-apatite-actinolite, and hydrothermal brecciation by magmatic fluids is consistent with geologic and isotopic data. Thus, it is inferred that these deposits formed by replacement in a hydrothermal system dominated by magmatic fluids exsolved by cooling epizonal plutons of the Mystery Island intrusive suite. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Books on the topic "Magmatic-hydrothermal system"

1

Marini, Luigi, Claudia Principe, and Matteo Lelli. The Solfatara Magmatic-Hydrothermal System. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98471-7.

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Japan-U.S. Seminar on "Magmatic Contributions to Hydrothermal Systems" (1991 Kagoshima-shi, Japan, and Ebino-shi, Japan). Magmatic contributions to hydrothermal systems: Extended abstracts of the Japan-U.S. Seminar on "Magmatic Contributions to Hydrothermal Systems", held at Kagoshima and Ebino, November, 1991 and The behavior of volatiles in magma : abstracts of the 4th Symposium on Deep-crustal Fluids "The behavior of Volatiles in Magma", held at Tsukuba, November, 1991. Tsukuba-shi: Geological Survey of Japan, 1992.

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Principe, Claudia, Matteo Lelli, and Luigi Marini. Solfatara Magmatic-Hydrothermal System: Geochemistry, Geothermometry and Geobarometry of Fumarolic Fluids. Springer International Publishing AG, 2022.

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Conly, Andrew George. Origin of the Boléo Cu-Co-Zn deposit, Baja California Sur, Mexico: Implications for the interaction of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in a low-temperature hydrothermal system. 2003.

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Experimental and Thermodynamical Modeling of Ore-Forming Processes in Magmatic and Hydrothermal Systems. MDPI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03897-516-8.

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Book chapters on the topic "Magmatic-hydrothermal system"

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Marini, Luigi, Claudia Principe, and Matteo Lelli. "The Magmatic–Hydrothermal System Hosted in the Campi Flegrei Caldera with Emphasis on the Solfatara." In Advances in Volcanology, 23–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98471-7_3.

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Deng, XiaoHua, WenLei Song, Franco Pirajno, Cheng Xu, and YanJing Chen. "Magmatic-Hydrothermal Vein Systems." In Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, 517–624. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4871-7_5.

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Reyes, Agnes G. "Interaction of fluids and rocks at the magmatic-hydrothermal interface of the Mt Cagua geothermal system, Northeastern Luzon Island, the Philippines." In Water-Rock Interaction, 537–41. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-132.

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Walshe, John L., David R. Cooke, and Peter Neumayr. "Five questions for fun and profit: A mineral system perspective on metallogenic epochs, provinces and magmatic hydrothermal Cu and Au deposits." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 477–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_124.

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Bouabdellah, M., F. Chekroun, A. Alansari, and D. Margoum. "The Granitoid-Related Tiouit Gold Deposit, Saghro Inlier, Eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco): Neoproterozoic Mineralization by a Polyphase Late-Magmatic to Hydrothermal System." In Mineral Deposits of North Africa, 405–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31733-5_16.

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Bouabdellah, Mohammed, Lhou Maacha, Gilles Levresse, and Omar Saddiqi. "The Bou Azzer Co–Ni–Fe–As(±Au ± Ag) District of Central Anti-Atlas (Morocco): A Long-Lived Late Hercynian to Triassic Magmatic-Hydrothermal to Low-Sulphidation Epithermal System." In Mineral Deposits of North Africa, 229–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31733-5_8.

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Marini, Luigi, Roberto Moretti, and Marina Accornero. "14. Sulfur Isotopes in Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems, Melts, and Magmas." In Sulfur in Magmas and Melts:, edited by Harald Behrens and James D. Webster, 423–92. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508370-014.

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Marini, Luigi, Claudia Principe, and Matteo Lelli. "A Comparison Between the Solfatara and Other Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems." In Advances in Volcanology, 363–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98471-7_11.

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Yang, Kaihui, and Steven D. Scott. "Magmatic fluids as a source of metals in seafloor hydrothermal systems." In Back-Arc Spreading Systems: Geological, Biological, Chemical, and Physical Interactions, 163–84. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/166gm09.

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Weis, Philipp. "The dynamic interplay between saline fluid flow and rock permeability in magmatic-hydrothermal systems." In Crustal Permeability, 373–92. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119166573.ch29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Magmatic-hydrothermal system"

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Zakharov, David, Dmitry Zozulya, Daniela Rubatto, Dylan Colon, and Johanna Marin-Carbonne. "NEOARCHEAN CONTINENTAL EXPOSURE AND HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE RECORDED IN A 2.67 GA MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-365415.

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Tsuruoka, Subaru, Thomas Monecke, T. James Reynolds, and Elizabeth Holley. "EVOLUTION OF THE MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM AT THE SUMMITVILLE HIGH-SULFIDATION EPITHERMAL AU DEPOSIT, COLORADO." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-285283.

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Kennedy, Rebekah, Harold Moritz, Phillip Resor, and Robert P. Wintsch. "A PERMIAN MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM AND ASSOCIATED TUNGSTEN DEPOSIT IN THE ALLEGHANIAN FORELAND OF SOUTHWESTERN CONNECTICUT." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-383220.

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Skewes, Wiley Boulden, Thomas Monecke, T. James Reynolds, and Katharina Pfaff. "INSIGHTS INTO THE EVOLUTION OF A MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM: THE ÇÖPLER AU-CU DEPOSIT, EAST CENTRAL TURKEY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-283771.

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Somarin, Ali, Hamid Mumin, Li Zhou, Wei Terry Chen, and Ayat Baig. "Geochemistry of ore minerals and evolution of the Port Radium IOCG hydrothermal system, Great Bear Magmatic Zone, NWT, Canada." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.8530.

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Siron, Chris R., John F. H. Thompson, Tim Baker, Robert S. Darling, and Gregory Dipple. "EVIDENCE FOR A COMPLEX, MULTI-PHASE AND ZONED OLIGO-MIOCENE MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM WITHIN THE STRATONI FAULT ZONE, NORTHERN GREECE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307167.

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Zakharov, David, Dmitry Zozulya, and Dylan Colon. "NEOARCHEAN SURFACE CONDITIONS RECORDED IN THE 2.67 GA LOW-δ18O MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM FROM THE KOLA CRATON." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-381456.

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8

Martin, Alec, Eric H. Christiansen, Jeffrey D. Keith, Bart J. Kowallis, Collin G. Jensen, Porter Henze, Alan M. Ketring, Haley Mosher, Ryan Chadburn, and Samuel G. Martin. "ANALYSIS OF TITANITE IN AN OLIGOCENE GRANITIC INTRUSIVE COMPLEX IN CENTRAL UT: IMPLICATIONS FOR MAGMATIC AND HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM EVOLUTION AND MO-W MINERALIZATION." In Cordilleran Section-117th Annual Meeting-2021. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021cd-363073.

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Karvinen, S., A. Heinonen, and C. Beier. "Apatite as a tracer for magmatic-hydrothermal ore-forming processes." In Project KO5125 ARLIN Arctic Layered Intrusions as a Source of Critical Metals for Green Economy European Neighbourhood Instrument Cross-Border Cooperation Programme Kolarctic 2014-2020. GI KSC RAS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31241/arlin.2021.019.

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This project focuses on the trace element chemistry of igneous apatite in various magmatic systems with the use of in situ analytical techniques. The composition of apatite may possibly be used as a tracer for various magmatic-hydrothermal processes due to the breadth of chemical substitutions possible within the structure. Apatite is found in many mineralized layered intrusions as a minor phase. Apatite may be utilized in the tracking of metasomatic fluids in layered intrusions or in geochronological studies in the absence of other commonly used phases i.e. zircon. Apatite accumulations can be exploited economically for phosphorus and possibly for rare earth elements as well.
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Hurtig, Nicole C. "PRECIOUS VAPOR: METAL TRANSPORT IN MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-286221.

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Reports on the topic "Magmatic-hydrothermal system"

1

Unsworth, M. J., C. S. Hanneson, and A. R. Williamson. Broadband magnetotelluric study at Mount Meager to investigate the hydrothermal and magmatic system. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326813.

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Scanlan, E. J., M. Leybourne, D. Layton-Matthews, A. Voinot, and N. van Wagoner. Alkaline magmatism in the Selwyn Basin, Yukon: relationship to SEDEX mineralization. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328994.

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Several sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits have alkaline magmatism that is temporally and spatially associated to mineralization. This report outlines interim data from a study of potential linkages between magmatism and SEDEX mineralization in the Selwyn Basin, Yukon. This region is an ideal study site due to the close spatial and temporal relationships between SEDEX deposits and magmatism, particularly in the MacMillan Pass, where volcanic rocks have been drilled with mineralization at the Boundary deposit. Alkaline volcanic samples were analysed from the Anvil District, MacMillan Pass, Keno-Mayo and the Misty Creek Embayment in the Selwyn Basin to characterise volcanism and examine the relationship to mineralization. Textural and field relationships indicate a volatile-rich explosive eruptive volcanic system in the MacMillan Pass region in comparison to the Anvil District, which is typically effusive in nature. High proportions of calcite and ankerite in comparison to other minerals are present in the MacMillan system. Cathodoluminescence imaging reveals zoning and carbonate that displays different luminescent colours within the same sample, likely indicating multiple generations of carbonate precipitation. Barium contents are enriched in volcanic rocks throughout the Selwyn Basin, which is predominately hosted by hyalophane with rare barite and barytocalcite. Thallium is positively correlated with Ba, Rb, Cs, Mo, As, Sb and the calcite-chlorite-pyrite index and is negatively correlated with Cu. Anvil District samples display a trend towards depleted mid-ocean ridge mantle on a plot of Ce/Tl versus Th/Rb. Hydrothermal alteration has likely led to the removal of Tl from volcanic rocks in the region. Ongoing research involves: i) the analysis of Sr, Nd, Pb and Tl isotopes of volcanic samples; ii) differentiating magmatic from hydrothermal carbonate using O, C and Sr isotopes; iii) examining sources of Ba in the Selwyn Basin; iv) and constraining age relationships through U-Th-Pb geochronology.
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3

Piccoli, P. Experimental and theoretical investigation of the production of HCI and some metal chlorides in magmatic/hydrothermal systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6758376.

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4

Azadbakht, Z., D. R. Lentz, and C. R. M. McFarlane. Using biotite composition of the Devonian Lake George granodiorite, New Brunswick, as a case study for W-Mo-Au-Sb mineralized magmatic hydrothermal systems. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296483.

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Neyedley, K., J. J. Hanley, P. Mercier-Langevin, and M. Fayek. Ore mineralogy, pyrite chemistry, and S isotope systematics of magmatic-hydrothermal Au mineralization associated with the Mooshla Intrusive Complex (MIC), Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328985.

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The Mooshla Intrusive Complex (MIC) is an Archean polyphase magmatic body located in the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde (DBL) mining camp of the Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec. The MIC is spatially associated with numerous gold (Au)-rich VMS, epizonal 'intrusion-related' Au-Cu vein systems, and shear zone-hosted (orogenic?) Au deposits. To elucidate genetic links between deposits and the MIC, mineralized samples from two of the epizonal 'intrusion-related' Au-Cu vein systems (Doyon and Grand Duc Au-Cu) have been characterized using a variety of analytical techniques. Preliminary results indicate gold (as electrum) from both deposits occurs relatively late in the systems as it is primarily observed along fractures in pyrite and gangue minerals. At Grand Duc gold appears to have formed syn- to post-crystallization relative to base metal sulphides (e.g. chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite), whereas base metal sulphides at Doyon are relatively rare. The accessory ore mineral assemblage at Doyon is relatively simple compared to Grand Duc, consisting of petzite (Ag3AuTe2), calaverite (AuTe2), and hessite (Ag2Te), while accessory ore minerals at Grand Duc are comprised of tellurobismuthite (Bi2Te3), volynskite (AgBiTe2), native Te, tsumoite (BiTe) or tetradymite (Bi2Te2S), altaite (PbTe), petzite, calaverite, and hessite. Pyrite trace element distribution maps from representative pyrite grains from Doyon and Grand Duc were collected and confirm petrographic observations that Au occurs relatively late. Pyrite from Doyon appears to have been initially trace-element poor, then became enriched in As, followed by the ore metal stage consisting of Au-Ag-Te-Bi-Pb-Cu enrichment and lastly a Co-Ni-Se(?) stage enrichment. Grand Duc pyrite is more complex with initial enrichments in Co-Se-As (Stage 1) followed by an increase in As-Co(?) concentrations (Stage 2). The ore metal stage (Stage 3) is indicated by another increase in As coupled with Au-Ag-Bi-Te-Sb-Pb-Ni-Cu-Zn-Sn-Cd-In enrichment. The final stage of pyrite growth (Stage 4) is represented by the same element assemblage as Stage 3 but at lower concentrations. Preliminary sulphur isotope data from Grand Duc indicates pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite all have similar delta-34S values (~1.5 � 1 permille) with no core-to-rim variations. Pyrite from Doyon has slightly higher delta-34S values (~2.5 � 1 permille) compared to Grand Duc but similarly does not show much core-to-rim variation. At Grand Duc, the occurrence of Au concentrating along the rim of pyrite grains and associated with an enrichment in As and other metals (Sb-Ag-Bi-Te) shares similarities with porphyry and epithermal deposits, and the overall metal association of Au with Te and Bi is a hallmark of other intrusion-related gold systems. The occurrence of the ore metal-rich rims on pyrite from Grand Duc could be related to fluid boiling which results in the destabilization of gold-bearing aqueous complexes. Pyrite from Doyon does not show this inferred boiling texture but shares characteristics of dissolution-reprecipitation processes, where metals in the pyrite lattice are dissolved and then reconcentrated into discrete mineral phases that commonly precipitate in voids and fractures created during pyrite dissolution.
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Azadbakht, Z., D. R. Lentz, and C. R. M. McFarlane. Using biotite composition of the Devonian Mount Elizabeth Intrusive Complex, New Brunswick, as a proxy for magma fertility and differentiation in W-Mo-Au-Sb mineralized magmatic hydrothermal systems. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296488.

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7

Boily-Auclair, É., P. Mercier-Langevin, P. S. Ross, and D. Pitre. Alteration and ore assemblages of the LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) deposit and Ellison mineralized zones, Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329637.

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The LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) mine is part of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp and is located in the southern part of the Abitibi greenstone belt in northwestern Quebec. The LZ5 deposit consists of three stacked mineralized corridors: Zone 4, Zone 4.1, and Zone 5. Zones 4 and 4.1 are discontinuous satellite mineralized corridors, whereas Zone 5 represents the main mineralized body. The mineralized zones of the LZ5 deposit and adjacent Ellison property (Ellison A and B zones) are hosted in the strongly-deformed, 2699-2695 Ma transitional to calcalkaline, intermediate to felsic, volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Bousquet Formation upper member, which is part of the Blake River Group (2704-2695 Ma). Zones 4, 4.1, and 5 at the LZ5 mine are hosted in intermediate volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood andesitic to rhyodacitic unit (unit 5.1a), which forms the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation. The Ellison Zone A is hosted higher up in the stratigraphic sequence within a newly described intermediate volcanic unit. The Ellison Zone B is hosted in felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood feldsparphyric rhyolite dome (subunit 5.3a-(b)). Mineralization in all three zones of the LZ5 deposit consists of discordant networks of millimeter- to centimeter-thick pyrite ±chalcopyrite ±sphalerite ±pyrrhotite veins and veinlets (10-20 % of the volume of the rock) and, to a lesser extent, very finely disseminated pyrite and boudinaged veins (less than or equal to 5 vol. % each) in strongly altered host rocks. Gold commonly occurs as microscopic inclusions in granoblastic pyrite and at the triple junction between recrystallized grains. The veins, stockworks, and disseminations were intensely folded and transposed in the steeply south-dipping, east-west trending S2 foliation. The vein network is at least partly discordant to the stratigraphy. A distal alteration halo envelops the LZ5 mineralized corridors and consists of a sericite-carbonate-chlorite- feldspar ±biotite assemblage. A proximal sericite-carbonate-chlorite-pyrite-quartz- feldspar-biotite ±epidote alteration assemblage is present within the LZ5 mineralized zones. A local proximal alteration assemblage of sericite-quartz-pyrite is also locally developed within Zone 4 and Zone 5 of the LZ5 deposit. Mass gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O, and mass losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and locally SiO2, are characteristic of the LZ5 alteration zones. The Ellison zone A and B are similar to LZ5 in terms of style of mineralization, but thin (10-20 cm) veins or bands of semi-massive to massive, finely recrystallized disseminated pyrite (0.1-1 mm) are distinctive. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite are also slightly more abundant in the mineralized corridors of the Ellison property and are usually associated with elevated gold grades. The zones are also slightly richer than at LZ5 in terms of gold and silver content, but narrower and less continuous in general. The Ellison Zone A is characterized by gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O and losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and SiO2. Gains in Fe2O3 (t) and local gains in K2O, MgO, and MnO, and losses in CO2, Na2O, P2O5, and SiO2, characterize the felsic host rocks of the Zone B corridor. The style of mineralization at LZ5 (pyrite ±chalcopyrite veins and veinlets, ±disseminated pyrite with low base metal content), its setting (i.e. in rocks of intermediate composition at the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation), and the geometry of its ore zones (stacked lenses of sulfide veins and veinlets, without massive sulfide lenses) differ from the other major deposits of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp. Despite these differences, this study indicates that the LZ5 and Ellison mineralized corridors are of synvolcanic hydrothermal origin and have most likely been formed by convective circulation of seawater below the seafloor. An influx of magmatic fluids from the Mooshla synvolcanic intrusive complex or its parent magma chamber could explain the Au enrichment at LZ5, as has been suggested for other deposits of the camp. Evidence for a pre-deformation synvolcanic mineralization at LZ5 includes ductile deformation and recrystallization of the sulfides, the stacked nature of its ore zones, subconcordant alteration halos that envelop the mineralized corridors, evidence that the mineralized system was already active when the LZ5 lenses were deposited and control on mineralization by primary volcanic features such as the permeability and porosity of the volcanic rocks.
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Experimental and theoretical investigation of the production of HCl and some metal chlorides in magmatic/hydrothermal systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7255691.

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Experimental and theoretical investigation of the production of HCl and some metal chlorides in magmatic/hydrothermal systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7255847.

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10

Experimental and theoretical investigation of the production of HCl and some metal chlorides in magmatic/hydrothermal systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6775710.

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