Journal articles on the topic 'Magma fingers'

AbstractFinger-like protrusions of peridotite are developed on Rhum where peridotite is overlain by allivalite. These structures, which were described by Brown as ‘upward-growing pyroxene structures’, are found in the following environments: at the main intra-unit junctions; along the upper surface of subsidiary peridotites in certain allivalites; and along the lower surface of allivalite blocks in some peridotites.The structures generally take the form of parallel-sided or tapering protrusions with circular cross-sections. The tops of fingers are conical or hemispherical in shape. Typical dimensions are: finger amplitude, 2–5 cm; finger diameter, up to 3 cm; and finger wavelength, 5–10 cm. Peridotite in the finger is modally and texturally similar to the underlying layer, varieties range from feldspathic peridotite to dunitic peridotite. In the field the fingers apparently cut through layering, laminae and lamination without any associated disruption of the planar structures.Two contrasting mechanisms of formation are discussed: vertical deformation of crystal mushes, and metasomatic replacement. On balance, we prefer to interpret the fingers as evidence for the replacement of pre-existing allivalite by secondary peridotite. Replacement was achieved by pore magma from the underlying peridotite migrating upwards into the overlying allivalite, in response to compaction. This pore magma was able to resorb plagioclase but crystallize olivine and pyroxene in its place.

AbstractThe finger structures described earlier by Brown and later by Butcher, Young & Faithfull involve dissolution of troctolite during crystallization of olivine, followed by crystallization of pyroxene around olivine grains in the fingers. However, the ingestion of troctolite takes the liquid away from pyroxene saturation rather than toward it. The pyroxene field can be encountered metastably, and pyroxene caused to crystallize, by supercooling the olivine-rich liquid against the troctolite. The melt corrosion represented by the fingers, and other field relations, suggest that the mafic layers were emplaced as sills of mafic magma into nearly solid troctolites. Melting at the base of mafic liquid layers was impeded by a bed of olivine crystals releasing light solute upward, causing compositional convention and rapid heat transfer to the top of the layer, where melting demonstrably occurred. Recognition of this process introduces the novel concept of a magmatic heat pump driven by compositional convection. The crystallization path ol–px–pl(–sp) is also found next to xenoliths in the Kiglapait Intrusion where the magma was normally saturated only in ol+pl, directly demonstrating the effect of supercooling on the crystallization sequence.

AbstractSalt fingers are a form of double-diffusive convection that can occur in a wide variety of fluid systems, ranging from stellar interiors and oceans to magma chambers. Their amplitude has long been difficult to quantify, and a variety of mechanisms have been proposed. Radko & Smith (J. Fluid Mech., this issue, vol. 692, 2012, pp. 5–27) have developed a new theory that balances the basic growth rate with that of secondary instabilities that act on the finite amplitude fingers. Their approach promises a way forward for computationally challenging systems with vastly different scales of decay for momentum, heat and dissolved substances.

Abstract The propagating margins of igneous sills (and other sheet intrusions) may divide into laterally and/or vertically separated sections, which later inflate and coalesce. These components elongate parallel to and thus record the magma flow direction, and they can form either due to fracture segmentation (i.e., “segments”) or brittle and/or non-brittle deformation of the host rock (i.e., “magma fingers”). Seismic reflection data can image entire sills or sill-complexes in 3-D, and their resolution is often sufficient to allow us to identify these distinct elongate components and thereby map magma flow patterns over entire intrusion networks. However, seismic resolution is limited, so we typically cannot discern the centimeter- to meter-scale host rock deformation structures that would allow the origin of these components to be interpreted. Here, we introduce a new term that defines the components (i.e., “elements”) of sheet-like igneous intrusions without linking their description to emplacement mechanisms. Using 3-D seismic reflection data from offshore NW Australia, we quantify the 3-D geometry of these elements and their connectors within two sills and discuss how their shape may relate to emplacement processes. Based on seismic attribute analyses and our measurements of their 3-D geometry, we conclude that the mapped elements likely formed through non-elastic-brittle and/or non-brittle deformation ahead of the advancing sill tip, which implies they are magma fingers. We show that thickness varies across sills, and across distinct elements, which we infer to represent flow localization and subsequent thickening of restricted areas. The quantification of element geometries is useful for comparisons between different subsurface and field-based data sets that span a range of host rock types and tectonic settings. This, in turn, facilitates the testing of magma emplacement mechanisms and predictions from numerical and physical analogue experiments.

AbstractField relations in the upper part of Intrusion II of the Caledonian Honningsvåg Intrusive Suite show that some peridotite sheets transgress, and include in situ rafts of, the adjacent gabbroic cumulates. Modal and textural analyses of three olivine melagabbro sheets show non-cotectic mineral proportions that are likely to result from crystal-melt reactions. Discordant, replacive fingers and pipes of feldspathic peridotite along interfaces between peridotite and overlying olivine melagabbro also suggest crystal-melt reactions.It is proposed that several picritic sills intruded porous gabbroic cumulates in the upper part of Intrusion II. Lateral infiltration of picritic magma led to crystal-melt reactions, mainly assimilation of plagioclase and precipitation of olivine, resulting in the formation of olivine melagabbro and peridotite sheets, and replacive fingers and pipes of feldspathic peridotite.

AbstractDuring the postcumulus stage of solidification in layered intrusions, fluid dynamic phenomena play an important role in developing the textural and chemical characteristics of the cumulate rocks. One mechanism of adcumulus growth involves crystallization at the top of the cumulate pile where crystals are in direct contact with the magma reservoir. Convection in the chamber can enable adcumulus growth to occur to form a completely solid contact between cumulate and magma. Another important process may involve compositional convection in which light differentiated melt released by intercumulus crystallization is continually replaced by denser melt from the overlying magma reservoir. This process favours adcumulus growth and can allow adcumulus growth within the pore space of the cumulate pile. Calculations indicate that this process could reduce residual porosities to a few percent in large layered intrusions, but could not form pure monomineralic rocks. Intercumulus melt may also be replaced by more primitive melt during episodes of magma chamber replenishment. Dense magma, emplaced over a cumulate pile containing lower density differentiated melt may sink several metres into the underlying pile in the form of fingers. Reactions between melt and matrix may lead to changes in mineral compositions, mineral textures and whole rock isotope compositions. Another important mechanism for forming adcumulate rocks is compaction, in which the imbalance of the hydrostatic and lithostatic pressures in the cumulate pile causes the crystalline matrix to deform and intercumulus melt to be expelled. For cumulate layers from 10 to 1000 metres in thickness, compaction can reduce porosities to very low values (< 1%) and form monomineralic rocks. The characteristic time-scale for such compaction is theoretically short compared to the time required to solidify a large layered intrusion. During compaction changes of mineral compositions and texture may occur as moving melts interact with the surrounding matrix. Both compaction and compositional convection can be interrupted by solidification in the pore spaces. Compositional convection will only occur if the Rayleigh number is larger than 40, if the residual melt becomes lower in density, and the convective velocity exceeds the solidification velocity (measured by the rate of crystal accumulation in the chamber). Orthocumulates are thus more likely to form in rapidly cooled intrusions where residual melt is frozen into the pore spaces before it can be expelled by compaction or replaced by convection.

Flow of a fluid with a strongly temperature-dependent viscosity in a finite-length slot is analysed as a model of magma flow in dikes. The slot walls are held at a fixed temperature, thus cooling and increasing the viscosity of the fluid as it moves along the gap. Poiseuille flow and temperature advection, averaged across the slot, are used to study the stability of this basic one-dimensional flow to lateral perturbations. A linear stability analysis shows that for sufficiently strong cooling and viscosity increase with decreasing temperature, the flow is unstable to a fingering instability. Warm fluid is focused into relatively fast flowing zones and suffers only modest cooling, while cold, slow flowing regions experience more cooling and an increase in viscosity, which acts to locally clog the slot. The necessary condition for instability is the presence of multiple solutions for velocity (fast, intermediate and slow branches) in the basic one-dimensional flow. The intermediate branch, where the thermal adjustment lengthscale is comparable to the slot length, is unstable and the analysis indicates that the instability continues onto the slow branch. The parametric regions of instability and the growth rates are dependent on the choice of boundary conditions at the slot entrance (i. e. the magma source): either uniform flux, or uniform pressure. The latter case is the more geophysically realistic and has the larger unstable region and growth rates. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear equations show that at finite-amplitude the hot, low-viscosity, fast-flowing fingers continue to speed up, while the slow, cold regions continue to cool and slow down. At the slot exit fluid issues from the gap in isolated hot, low-viscosity spouts separated by zones of cold, nearly still fluid. Application of the model to geophysical settings indicates that the instability is expected for realistic parameter values. The model may help explain the observed focusing of fissure eruptions.

Abstract. Most volcanic hazards depend on an injected dyke reaching the surface to form a feeder. Assessing the volcanic hazard in an area is thus related to understanding the condition for the formation of a feeder dyke in that area. For this latter, we need good field data on feeder dykes, their geometries, internal structures, and other characteristics that distinguish them from non-feeders. Unfortunately, feeder dykes are rarely observed, partly because they are commonly covered by their own products. For this reason, outcrops are scarce and usually restricted to cliffs, ravines, and man-made outcrops. Here we report the results of a study of feeder dykes in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) and Iceland, focusing on their field characteristics and how their propagation is affected by existing structures. Although Holocene fissure eruptions have been common in both islands, only eleven basaltic feeder dykes have been identified: eight in Tenerife and three in Iceland. They are all well preserved and the relation with the eruptive fissure and/or the deposits is well exposed. While the eruptive fissures are generally longer in Iceland than in Tenerife, their feeders show many similarities, the main ones being that the feeder dykes (1) are generally sheet-shaped; (2) are segmented (as are the associated volcanic fissures); (3) normally contain elongated (prolate ellipsoidal) cavities in their central, topmost parts, that is, 2–3 m below the surface (with solidified magma drops on the cavity walls); (4) contain vesicles which increase in size and number close to the surface; (5) sometimes inject oblique dyke fingers into the planes of existing faults that cross the dyke paths; and (6) may reactivate, that is, trigger slip on existing faults. We analyse theoretically the feeder dyke of the 1991 Hekla eruption in Iceland. Our results indicate that during the initial peak in the effusion rate the opening (aperture) of the feeder dyke was as wide as 0.77 m, but quickly decreased to about 0.56 m. During the subsequent decline in the effusion rate to a minimum, the aperture decreased to about 0.19 m. At a later abrupt increase in the effusion rate, the feeder-dyke opening may have increased to about 0.34 m, and then decreased again as the effusion rate gradually declined during the end stages of the eruption. These thickness estimates fit well with those of many feeders in Iceland and Tenerife, and with the general dyke thickness within fossil central volcanoes in Iceland.

Abstract Processes controlling the metal endowment of arc-related porphyry Mo deposits are not well understood. Located in northeastern China, the arc-related Luming porphyry Mo deposit has a proven reserve of 0.75 Mt Mo at an average grade of 0.092 wt % and is characterized by multiple pulses of alteration and mineralization. These features make this deposit an ideal location to investigate the role of multiple pulses of magmatism and fluid release in the evolution and formation of an arc-related porphyry Mo deposit. Molybdenum mineralization at Luming is typically observed as a series of molybdenite-bearing veins hosted within a composite intrusive complex, referred to as the Luming Intrusive Suite. Crosscutting relationships between intrusive units and offset veins indicate that the Luming Intrusive Suite is composed of five major, successive granitic intrusions: the premineralization plutonic biotite monzogranite and monzogranite units, and the synmineralization stock- and dike-like porphyritic monzogranite, granite porphyry, and syenogranite units. Each synmineralization unit is associated with similar vein sequences that comply with the general form of early EB-type biotite veins, through A-type quartz ± biotite and B-type quartz-molybdenite veins, to late D-type quartz-molybdenite ± pyrite ± chalcopyrite, molybdenite, quartz-pyrite ± calcite, and calcite ± clays veins. The intensity and volume of alteration and mineralization within a given synmineralization unit decrease from early- through inter- to late-mineralization units. Although minor Mo mineralization is associated with potassic alteration along B-type veins, the majority of the ore is associated with D-type quartz-molybdenite-pyrite and molybdenite veins rimmed by sericite-chlorite-pyrite alteration, which are primarily hosted in the two premineralization units. A combination of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb and hydrothermal biotite 40Ar/39Ar studies, together with available isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) molybdenite Re-Os data, has resulted in a substantial reappraisal of the timing of magmatism and its association with molybdenite mineralization at Luming. The volumetrically dominant premineralization intrusive units have indistinguishable zircon U-Pb weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages ranging from 187.5 ± 2.8 to 186.5 ± 3.6 Ma (2σ), whereas the synmineralization units yield weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages from 178.6 ± 2.2 to 175.6 ± 3.0 Ma (2σ). The zircon U-Pb weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of the synmineralization units are indistinguishable from the mean molybdenite Re-Os model (178.1 ± 2.7; 2σ) and hydrothermal biotite 40Ar/39Ar plateau (174.7 ± 1.1 Ma; 2σ) ages within uncertainty, confirming a genetic link with mineralization. Melt inclusion data show that the synmineralization intrusions were Mo poor, with Mo concentrations &lt;4 ppm. The data presented here suggest that molybdenite mineralization at Luming was most likely accomplished through three discrete magmatic-hydrothermal events during assembly of the Mo-poor synmineralization intrusive complex. The giant Luming deposit appears to be related to multiple pulses of magmatic-hydrothermal activities, resulting in the superposition of temporally distinct mineralization events. Our results suggest that pulsed release of ore-forming magmas and fluids, which are channeled along focusing structures like small porphyry fingers within a focused area, from a large magma chamber at depth may play a major role in the formation of large to giant porphyry Mo deposits of both the arc-related and Climax types. This conclusion is in line with field observations of a number of large to giant porphyry Mo deposits, which commonly show reversals in magmatic-hydrothermal evolutionary trend and are associated with multiple pulses of small stocks and dikes that are separate in time and space.

AbstractThe Kap Edvard Holm Complex is an early Tertiary layered gabbro situated on the western side of the Kangerdlugssuaq fjord. Layered olivine gabbros in the Taco Point area are cut by several wehrlitic sill-like bodies which comprise a late ultramafic suite. An intrusive wehrlitic facies in the inner part of the bodies consists of olivine (+minor chrome-spinel) orthocumulate with clinopyroxene oikocrysts and interstitial plagioclase, kaersutite and phlogopite. A replacive facies which occurs in the marginal zones is texturally similar to the intrusive facies but contains no chromespinel and is more feldspathic, varying from a melanocratic olivine gabbro to a feldspathic wehrlite. It occurs where the sills wedge out laterally, in the lower contact zones where finger structures are widely developed, and in the upper contact zones where wehrlitic pipes feed melanocratic sheets, called parasol structures, which preferentially follow mafic layers in the host olivine gabbro. The wehrlites formed by the intrusion of hot, hydrous, ultrabasic magma into consolidated layered olivine gabbro. The replacive facies was formed by the volume for volume metasomatic replacement of olivine gabbro; dissolution of plagioclase was accompanied by crystallization of olivine. Some clinopyroxene was initially resorbed and later reprecipitated during this process. The relatively dense pore magma migrating upwards was restricted to pipes and spread out laterally when it encountered readily replaced mafic layers, while below the sills gabbro was replaced en masse and finger structures were formed. Similar late ultramafic suites occur in ophiolites, and their presence in the Kap Edvard Holm Complex supports suggestions that it acted as an ocean ridge type magma chamber during the initiation of early Tertiary sea floor spreading in the North Atlantic.

ABSTRACTArchival and recent boreholes over an area of c. 3 km2 have revealed complex magma-host interaction at the termination of an olivine–dolerite sill in Fife. The sill interior has zones rich in plastically deformed, vesiculated heterogeneous sediment surrounded by amygdaloidal basalt. Sediments at the contacts have been reconstituted and enclose blebs of chilled vesicular basalt. Intrusion into low rank coal seams has produced multicomponent tuffisite. A vertically nested and laterally fingered sill front is envisaged as having propagated down dip under a thin cover (<500 m) of wet Namurian sediments. Non-explosive bulk interaction of fluidised sediment and devolatilising magma occurred at intrusive contacts. Steam explosivity was more vigorous where lobes of magma repeatedly intruded moist lignite, to produce compositionally banded tuffisite rich in basalt clasts and coal fragments. The hydrovolcanic explosions did not give rise to surface eruptions because the low volumes of porewater and the high permeability and low tensile strength of the lignite prevented a build-up of high pressure steam.

ABSTRACT The diagnostic accuracy of the Roche Amplicor human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA PCR assay (version 1.5) on DNA extracted from pediatric heel prick dried blood spots using Roche MagNA Pure nucleic acid purification technology was evaluated. The methodologies transfer successfully from the labor-intensive research laboratory to the high-throughput automated routine laboratory.

Trace element distribution and Zr-in-rutile temperature have been investigated in accessory rutile from stratiform (UG2, Merensky Reef, Jacurici), podiform (Loma Peguera), and metamorphic chromitites in cratonic shields (Cedrolina, Nuasahi). Rutile from chromitite has typical finger-print of Cr-V-Nb-W-Zr, whose relative abundance distinguishes magmatic from metamorphic chromitite. In magmatic deposits, rutile precipitates as an intercumulus phase, or forms by exsolution from chromite, between 870 °C and 540 °C. The Cr-V in rutile reflects the composition of chromite, both Nb and Zr are moderately enriched, and W is depleted, except for in Jacurici, where moderate W excess was a result of crustal contamination of the mafic magma. In metamorphic deposits, rutile forms by removal of Ti-Cr-V from chromite during metamorphism between 650 °C and 400 °C, consistent with greenschist-amphibolite facies, and displays variable Cr-Nb, low V-Zr, and anomalous enrichment in W caused by reaction with felsic fluids emanating from granitoid intrusions. All deposits, except Cedrolina, contain Rutile+PGM composite grains (<10 µm) locked in chromite, possibly representing relics of orthomagmatic assemblages. The high Cr-V content and the distinctive W-Nb-Zr signature that typifies accessory rutile in chromitite provide a new pathfinder to trace the provenance of detrital rutile in placer deposits.

AbstractThis is a short report on a selection of the small finds from the excavations of a Roman house which lies to the west of the theatre at Lepcis Magna. The pottery and coins from the current levels of excavation have been dated to the late 5th and early 6th centuries AD; however, many of the objects seem to be residual. One of the most interesting finds was a solid bronze ring, decorated with two female figures. The object seems to have been functional, with the ring and the bars on which the woman are seated being attached to a soft material such as leather. These characteristics, which can be found on parallel examples, along with other bronze artefacts from the site suggest that the former was part of the decoration of a horse drawn carriage. Several pieces of jewellery were found including two gemstones which were once part of a finger ring, dating from the 2nd century AD. The first is a garnet and shows the goddess Artemis/Diane in her role of huntress, holding a bow and arrow. The second, which is a cornelian, is decorated with a portrait of a youth and may well be a local copy of a type circulating at the time. Many pieces of locally crafted bone and ivory were also found, including a bone plaque with a floral decoration which was originally intended as a decorative inlay for a small object such as a box. A similar piece from Egypt has been dated to around the 3rd or 4th centuries AD.

SUMMARYWe describe the new microsporidium Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis gen. et sp. nov. with an emphasis on its ultrastructural characteristics and phylogenetic position as inferred from the sequence data of SSU rDNA, alpha- and beta-tubulin. This parasite was previously identified as Octosporea bayeri Jírovec, 1936 and has become a model system to study the ecology, epidemiology, evolution and genomics of microsporidia - host interactions. Here, we present evidence that shows its differences from O. bayeri. Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis exclusively infects the adipose tissue, the ovaries and the hypodermis of Daphnia magna and is found only in host populations located in coastal rock pool populations in Finland and Sweden. Merogonial stages of H. tvaerminnensis have isolated nuclei; merozoites are formed by binary fission or by the cleaving of a plasmodium with a small number of nuclei. A sporogonial plasmodium with isolated nuclei yields 8 sporoblasts. Elongated spores are generated by the most finger-like plasmodia. The mature spores are polymorphic in shape and size. Most spores are pyriform (4·9–5·6×2·2–2·3 μm) and have their polar filament arranged in 12–13 coils. A second, elongated spore type (6·8–12·0×1·6–2·1 μm) is rod-shaped with blunt ends and measures 6·8–12·0×1·6–2·1 μm. The envelope of the sporophorous vesicle is thin and fragile, formed at the beginning of the sporogony. Cytological and molecular comparisons with Flabelliforma magnivora, a parasite infecting the same tissues in the same host species, reveal that these two species are very closely related, yet distinct. Moreover, both cytological and molecular data indicate that these species are quite distant from F. montana, the type species of the genus Flabelliforma. We therefore propose that F. magnivora also be placed in Hamiltosporidium gen. nov.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of constructs from the theory of self-determination and dermatoglyphic characteristics on the behavior related to the practice of physical activity in women who are being treated for breast cancer, considering their history of physical activity. 104 women participated in this study; they answered questions about the practice of physical activity, perception of competence, degree of autonomy in relation to the practice of physical activity, scale of satisfaction with life, and performed the collection of fingerprints for dermatoglyphics. For data analysis, the women were grouped according to the answers of the history of physical activity practice, if they practiced physical activity before the diagnosis of the disease and if they maintained the practice during treatment. In the group of women who used to practice physical activity before the diagnosis and continued with the activity during the treatment for breast cancer, the perception of competence (p<0,001), autonomous regulation (p=0,002), life satisfaction (p=0,005) and consequently the level of physical activity (p<0,001) were higher. In the dermatoglyphic variables, it was observed that in the thumb (p<0,047) and the index finger of the right hand (p<0,026), the distribution of whorls in S pattern was higher in women who presented controlled regulation for physical activity. The perception of competence and the autonomous regulation proved to be important characteristics for the maintenance of the practice of physical activity during the treatment for breast cancer. The dermatoglyphic pattern found may be an indication of a mark that can influence the behavioral regulation in relation to the practice of physical activity. More studies, with different patterns, are necessary to verify how these variables behave in the scope of breast cancer. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação de constructos da teoria da autodeterminação e das características dermatoglíficas sobre o comportamento relacionado à prática de atividade física em mulheres que se encontram em tratamento para o câncer de mama, considerando seu histórico de atividade física. Participaram deste estudo 104 mulheres, que responderam a questões sobre a prática de atividade física, percepção de competência, grau de autonomia em relação à prática de atividade física, satisfação com a vida e realizaram a coleta das impressões digitais para dermatoglifia. Para a análise de dados as mulheres foram agrupadas de acordo com as respostas do histórico de prática de atividade física, se praticavam atividade física antes do diagnóstico da doença e se mantiveram a prática durante o tratamento. No grupo de mulheres que fazia atividade física antes do diagnóstico e continuou com a atividade durante o tratamento para o câncer de mama, a percepção de competência (p<0,001), a regulação autônoma (p=0,002), a satisfação com a vida (p=0,005) e consequentemente o nível de atividade física (p<0,001) foram maiores. Quanto às variáveis dermatoglíficas, observou-se que no polegar da mão direita (p<0,047) e indicador da mão direita (p<0,026), a distribuição de verticilos em S desenho foi maior nas mulheres que apresentaram regulação controlada para prática de atividade física. A percepção de competência e a regulação autônoma demonstraram ser características importantes para a manutenção da prática de atividade física durante o tratamento para o câncer de mama. O padrão dermatoglífico encontrado pode ser um indicativo de uma marca que pode influenciar a regulação comportamental em relação à prática de atividades físicas. Mais estudos, com diferentes desenhos, são necessários para verificar como estas variáveis se comportam no âmbito do câncer de mama. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la asociación de los constructos de la teoría de autodeterminación y las características dermatoglíficas en el comportamiento relacionado con la práctica de actividad física en mujeres que se encuentran en tratamiento de cáncer de mama. La muestra fue de 104 mujeres, que respondieron las escalas de práctica de actividad física, percepción de competencia, autonomía en relación a la práctica de actividad física, satisfacción con la vida y realizaron la toma de huellas digitales para dermatoglifia. Para el análisis de los datos, las mujeres fueron agrupadas según las respuestas de la práctica de actividad física, si practicaban actividad física antes del diagnóstico de la enfermedad y si mantenían la práctica durante el tratamiento. En el grupo de mujeres que realizaron actividad física antes del diagnóstico y continuaron durante el tratamiento del cáncer de mama, la percepción de competencia (p<0,001), regulación autónoma (p=0,002), satisfacción con la vida (p=0,005) y el nivel de actividad física (p<0,001) eran mayores. Sobre las variables dermatoglíficas, , se observó que, en el pulgar (p<0,047) y el índice de la mano derecha (p<0,026), la distribución de verticilos en S fue mayor en las mujeres que presentaron regulación controlada para la práctica de actividad física. La percepción de competencia y la regulación autónoma se presentan como características importantes para mantener la práctica de actividad física durante el tratamiento del cáncer de mama. El patrón dermatoglífico encontrado puede ser indicativo de una marca que puede influir en la regulación del comportamiento en relación con la práctica de actividades físicas. Se necesitan más estudios, con diferentes diseños, para verificar cómo se comportan estas variables en el contexto del cáncer de mama.

This study aims to determine the mastery of the teacher's strategy in delivering free drawing learning materials using crayons that can increase children's creativity, provide interesting learning media in learning activities so that children's creativity can increase, provide opportunities for students to express all their ideas and ideas without any restrictions. in expressing colors in pictures and the teacher can understand and adjust learning outcomes with a standard level of achievement of children according to the stages of development. Classroom Action Research is a research process carried out by researchers through reflection with the aim of improving performance so that student learning outcomes increase. The planning model used is: Planning (planning), action (acting), observation (observing) and reflection (reflecting). The subjects in this improvement research were the children of group B TK Firza, totaling 15 children consisting of 6 boys and 9 girls. The field of development in this research is creativity with the activity is free drawing using crayons. The results showed the level of success in doing free drawing using crayons to improve children's creativity showed very good development and had reached the level of development in accordance with expectations, namely 80%. Thus, through free drawing activities using crayons can increase children's creativity. Keywords: drawing activities; creativity; early childhoodReferencesAnggia, A. R., & Nopriansyah, U. (2018). Mengembangkan Kreativitas Anak Melalui Permainan Warna Dengan Media Benang pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di Raudhatul Athfal Perwanida I Bandar Lampung. http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/ index.php/al-athfaal/article/view/3789, 1(2), 1–20. Debeturu, B., & Wijayaningsih, E. L. (2019). Meningkatkan Kreativitas Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun melalui Media Magic Puffer Ball. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3(1), 233. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v3i1.180Fathurohman, O. (2017). Hakikat Bermain Dan Permainan Anak Usia Dini Di Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD). aṣ-ṣibyān: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2(1), 27–36. Hidayat, F., & Imroatun, I. (2018). Keluarga Berencana Dan Pengasuhan Anak Usia Dini Di Indonesia Perspektif Psikologi. International Conference Proceeding Konsepsi dan Implementasi Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini Book two, 164–171. Huliyah, M. (2016a). Hakikat Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. aṣ-ṣibyān: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 1(1), 60–71. Huliyah, M. (2016b). Pengembangan Daya Seni Pada Anak Usia Dini. aṣ-ṣibyān: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 1(2), 149–164. Isjoni. (2014). Model Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini. ALFABETA. Ismayani, A. (2013). Fun Math With Children. In https://books.google.co.id/ books?id=0R5. Jumilah, Efastri, S. M., & Fadillah, S. (2018). Upaya Meningkatkan Kreativitas Anak melalui Permainan Finger Painting Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Harapan Bunda Pekanbaru. PAUD Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2(1), 31–39. Larasati, L. D., Kurniah, N., & D., D. (2016). Peningkatan Kreativitas Dalam Kegiatan Mewarnai Dengan Menggunakan Metode Demonstrasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Potensia, 1(2), 62–66. Mulyani, N. (2019). Pengembangan Kreativitas Anak Usia Dini Melalui Bermain Gerak Dan Lagu Di TK Negeri Pembina Kabupaten Purbalingga. aṣ-ṣibyān: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(1), 13–24. Nuryati, N., & Yuniawati, N. (2019). Peningkatan Kreativitas Pada Anak Usia Dini Kelas SD Awal Usia 6-8 Tahun Melalui Metode Praktikum Membatik. aṣ-ṣibyān: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(1), 1–12. Pamadhi, H. (2012). Estetika Untuk Anak Usia Dini. Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Pamadhi, H., & Sukardi, E. (2013). Seni Keterampilan Anak. Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka. Prihantoro, A., & Hidayat, F. (2019). Melakukan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Ulumuddin : Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman, 9(1), 49–60. Santoso, F. S. (2020). Lingkungan Keluarga Sebagai Awal Pengembangan Kewirausahaan Islam. Nuansa Akademik Jurnal Pembangunan Masyarakat, 5(1). Setiani, & Nadjih, D. (2016). Pembentukan Karakter Anak Usia Dini Melalui Pendidikan Agama Islam Di TK ABA Kalibulus Rogobangsan Bimomartani Ngemplak Sleman. Ulumuddin: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman, 6(2`), 125–136. Tirtayati, N. P. E., Suarni, N. K., & Magta, M. (2013). Penerapan Metode Pemberian Tugas Untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Anak Melalui Kegiatan Menggambar Bebas. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 2(1). Yulida, y, & Veryawan, V. (2018). Upaya Meningkatkan Kreativitas Seni Aank Melalui Kegiatan Teknik Kolase. Atfāluna: Journal of Islamic Early Childhood Education, 1(1), 19–23.

In this paper, proposes a reflection about the research (auto)biographical fundamentals and its possible contributions to human formation. As a starting point, is claimed the revision of the dominant paradigm in the name for another understanding about the subject of education. The discussion is directed to the recognition of the complexity, before denied, as an intrinsic element to human life. Then, the (auto)biographical investigation cannot dispense the notion of subject immersed in the complexity that accompanies the temporality and historicity of the human race. In methodological terms, it is a theoretical essay that seeks to reinvigorate the perennial conceptual discussions from the field of educational foundations, offering movements and reflections on the (auto)biographical research immersed in epistemological questions of the field in thesis. With this, it extends the understanding horizon of the existentiality of the subject, a multiple lateralities creature: physical, sensitive, emotions, actions, affectivities, conscious attention, cognition and imagination. And it presents, finally, the (auto)biographical Method as synthesis of a concept of Formation.ResumoNeste artigo, propõe-se a reflexão sobre os fundamentos da pesquisa (auto)biográfica e as suas possíveis contribuições à formação humana. Como ponto de partida, reivindica-se a revisão do paradigma dominante em nome de outra compreensão de sujeito da educação. A discussão encaminha-se ao reconhecimento da complexidade, anteriormente negada, como elemento intrínseco à vida humana. Logo, a pesquisa (auto)biográfica não pode prescindir da noção de sujeito imerso na complexidade que acompanha a temporalidade e a historicidade do gênero humano. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de um ensaio teórico que busca revigorar as perenes discussões conceituais, desde o campo dos fundamentos da educação, oferecendo movimentos e reflexões sobre a pesquisa (auto)biográfica imersa em questões epistemológicas do campo em tese. Com isto, amplia o horizonte compreensivo sobre a existencialidade do sujeito, ser de múltiplas lateralidades: físico, sensível, de emoções, ações, afetividades, atenção consciente, cognição e imaginação. E apresenta, por fim, o Método (auto)biográfico como síntese de um conceito de Formação.ResumenEn esto artículo, se propone la reflexión sobre los fundamentos de la investigación (auto)biográfica y sus posibles contribuciones a la formación humana. Como punto de partida, se reivindica la revisión del paradigma dominante en nombre de otra comprensión de sujeto de la educación. La discusión se encamina al reconocimiento de la complexidad, anteriormente negada, como elemento intrínseco a la vida humana. Luego, la investigación (auto)biográfica no puede prescindir de la noción de sujeto inmerso en la complexidad que acompaña la temporalidad e historicidad del género humano. En términos metodológicos, se trata de un ensayo teórico que busca robustecer las perennes discusiones conceptuales desde el campo de los fundamentos de la educación, ofreciendo movimientos y reflexiones sobre la investigación (auto)biográfica inmersa en cuestiones epistemológicas del campo en tesis. Con esto, amplia el horizonte comprensivo sobre la existencialidad del sujeto, ser de múltiples lateralidades: físico, sensible, de emociones, acciones, afectividades, atención consciente, cognición e imaginación. Y presenta, por fin, el Método (auto)biográfico como síntesis de un concepto de Formación.Palavras-chave: Método (auto)biográfico, Formação humana, Complexidade.Keywords: (Auto)biographical method, Human formation. 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The Little Minch Sill Complex is comprised of a series of stacked, multi-leaved Paleocene aged dolerite sills, which have been primarily intruded into Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and Paleocene tuffs/?hyaloclastites within the Sea of Hebrides Basin, situated on the NE Atlantic margin. Two previously proposed models for the emplacement of the sill complex have opposing ideas for the location of magma input and emplacement mechanisms. Both models have been constructed using data primarily from onshore outcrops, located on the Isle of Skye, Raasay and the Shiant Isles. However, onshore outcrops only represent a quarter (1040 km2) of the entire extent of the sill complex, which is largely situated offshore. In order to understand how the sill complex as a whole was emplaced within the basin, both onshore and offshore magma transport needs to be considered. Using high resolution multibeam bathymetry data (up to 2m resolution) obtained between 2008 and 2011 along with supporting seismic reflection, sparker and pinger data, a new assessment of the offshore extent and character of the sill complex has been constructed. Mapping of large-scale relationships between intrusions and the host rock, along with morphological features such as magma lobes, magma fingers, transgressive wings, en-echelon feeder dykes and the axis of saucer/half-saucer shaped intrusions, has indicated magma flow directions within the intrusive network. Assessing the flow kinematics of the sills has provided insights into magma transport and emplacement processes offshore. Combining data from previously mapped onshore sills with data from our newly constructed model for magma emplacement offshore has allowed us to construct a new model for the emplacement of the Little Minch Sill Complex. This model demonstrates that major basin bounding faults may play a lesser role in channelling magma through sedimentary basins than previously thought. Applying the knowledge obtained from this study could further progress understanding of the effect of sill emplacement on fluid flow within volcanic rift basin worldwide, with direct impacts on the exploitation of petroleum and geothermal systems.

The magma plumbing systems of volcanoes in subduction and divergent tectonic settings are relatively well known, whereas those of intraplate volcanoes remain elusive; robust geophysical information on the magma pathways and storage zones is lacking. We inverted magnetotelluric data to image the magma plumbing system of an intraplate monogenetic volcanic field located above the stagnant Pacific slab in northeast China. We identified a complex, vertically aligned, low-resistivity anomaly system extending from the asthenosphere to the surface consisting of reservoirs with finger- to lens-like geometries. We show that magma forms as CO2-rich melts in a 150-km-deep asthenospheric plume crossing the whole lithosphere as hydrated melt, inducing underplating at 50 km depth, evolving in crustal reservoirs, and erupting along dikes. Intraplate volcanoes are characterized by low degrees of melting and low magma supply rates. Their plumbing systems have a geometry not so different from that of volcanoes in subduction settings.

Zinc finger (ZF), transcription activator-like effectors (TALE), and CRISPR/Cas9 therapies to regulate gene expression are becoming viable strategies to treat genetic disorders, although effective in vivo delivery systems for these proteins remain a major translational hurdle. We describe the use of a mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based delivery system for the secretion of a ZF protein (ZF-MSC) in transgenic mouse models and young rhesus monkeys. Secreted ZF protein from mouse ZF-MSC was detectable within the hippocampus 1 week following intracranial or cisterna magna (CM) injection. Secreted ZF activated the imprinted paternal Ube3a in a transgenic reporter mouse and ameliorated motor deficits in a Ube3a deletion Angelman Syndrome (AS) mouse. Intrathecally administered autologous rhesus MSCs were well-tolerated for 3 weeks following administration and secreted ZF protein was detectable within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), midbrain, and spinal cord. This approach is less invasive when compared to direct intracranial injection which requires a surgical procedure.