Relevant bibliographies by topics / Magma fingers

Academic literature on the topic 'Magma fingers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Magma fingers"

1

Butcher, Alan R., Iain M. Young, and John W. Faithfull. "Finger structures in the Rhum Complex." Geological Magazine 122, no. 5 (September 1985): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680003541x.

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AbstractFinger-like protrusions of peridotite are developed on Rhum where peridotite is overlain by allivalite. These structures, which were described by Brown as ‘upward-growing pyroxene structures’, are found in the following environments: at the main intra-unit junctions; along the upper surface of subsidiary peridotites in certain allivalites; and along the lower surface of allivalite blocks in some peridotites.The structures generally take the form of parallel-sided or tapering protrusions with circular cross-sections. The tops of fingers are conical or hemispherical in shape. Typical dimensions are: finger amplitude, 2–5 cm; finger diameter, up to 3 cm; and finger wavelength, 5–10 cm. Peridotite in the finger is modally and texturally similar to the underlying layer, varieties range from feldspathic peridotite to dunitic peridotite. In the field the fingers apparently cut through layering, laminae and lamination without any associated disruption of the planar structures.Two contrasting mechanisms of formation are discussed: vertical deformation of crystal mushes, and metasomatic replacement. On balance, we prefer to interpret the fingers as evidence for the replacement of pre-existing allivalite by secondary peridotite. Replacement was achieved by pore magma from the underlying peridotite migrating upwards into the overlying allivalite, in response to compaction. This pore magma was able to resorb plagioclase but crystallize olivine and pyroxene in its place.
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2

Morse, S. A., Brent E. Owens, and Alan R. Butcher. "Origin of finger structures in the Rhum Complex: phase equilibrium and heat effects." Geological Magazine 124, no. 3 (May 1987): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800016241.

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AbstractThe finger structures described earlier by Brown and later by Butcher, Young & Faithfull involve dissolution of troctolite during crystallization of olivine, followed by crystallization of pyroxene around olivine grains in the fingers. However, the ingestion of troctolite takes the liquid away from pyroxene saturation rather than toward it. The pyroxene field can be encountered metastably, and pyroxene caused to crystallize, by supercooling the olivine-rich liquid against the troctolite. The melt corrosion represented by the fingers, and other field relations, suggest that the mafic layers were emplaced as sills of mafic magma into nearly solid troctolites. Melting at the base of mafic liquid layers was impeded by a bed of olivine crystals releasing light solute upward, causing compositional convention and rapid heat transfer to the top of the layer, where melting demonstrably occurred. Recognition of this process introduces the novel concept of a magmatic heat pump driven by compositional convection. The crystallization path ol–px–pl(–sp) is also found next to xenoliths in the Kiglapait Intrusion where the magma was normally saturated only in ol+pl, directly demonstrating the effect of supercooling on the crystallization sequence.
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3

Schmitt, R. W. "Finger puzzles." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 692 (January 24, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.468.

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AbstractSalt fingers are a form of double-diffusive convection that can occur in a wide variety of fluid systems, ranging from stellar interiors and oceans to magma chambers. Their amplitude has long been difficult to quantify, and a variety of mechanisms have been proposed. Radko & Smith (J. Fluid Mech., this issue, vol. 692, 2012, pp. 5–27) have developed a new theory that balances the basic growth rate with that of secondary instabilities that act on the finite amplitude fingers. Their approach promises a way forward for computationally challenging systems with vastly different scales of decay for momentum, heat and dissolved substances.
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4

Köpping, Jonas, Craig Magee, Alexander R. Cruden, Christopher A. L. Jackson, and James R. Norcliffe. "The building blocks of igneous sheet intrusions: Insights from 3-D seismic reflection data." Geosphere 18, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 156–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02390.1.

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Abstract The propagating margins of igneous sills (and other sheet intrusions) may divide into laterally and/or vertically separated sections, which later inflate and coalesce. These components elongate parallel to and thus record the magma flow direction, and they can form either due to fracture segmentation (i.e., “segments”) or brittle and/or non-brittle deformation of the host rock (i.e., “magma fingers”). Seismic reflection data can image entire sills or sill-complexes in 3-D, and their resolution is often sufficient to allow us to identify these distinct elongate components and thereby map magma flow patterns over entire intrusion networks. However, seismic resolution is limited, so we typically cannot discern the centimeter- to meter-scale host rock deformation structures that would allow the origin of these components to be interpreted. Here, we introduce a new term that defines the components (i.e., “elements”) of sheet-like igneous intrusions without linking their description to emplacement mechanisms. Using 3-D seismic reflection data from offshore NW Australia, we quantify the 3-D geometry of these elements and their connectors within two sills and discuss how their shape may relate to emplacement processes. Based on seismic attribute analyses and our measurements of their 3-D geometry, we conclude that the mapped elements likely formed through non-elastic-brittle and/or non-brittle deformation ahead of the advancing sill tip, which implies they are magma fingers. We show that thickness varies across sills, and across distinct elements, which we infer to represent flow localization and subsequent thickening of restricted areas. The quantification of element geometries is useful for comparisons between different subsurface and field-based data sets that span a range of host rock types and tectonic settings. This, in turn, facilitates the testing of magma emplacement mechanisms and predictions from numerical and physical analogue experiments.
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5

Schofield, Nick, Carl Stevenson, and Tim Reston. "Magma fingers and host rock fluidization in the emplacement of sills." Geology 38, no. 1 (January 2010): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g30142.1.

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6

Tegner, Christian, and Brian Robins. "Picrite sills and crystal-melt reactions in the Honningsvåg Intrusive Suite, northern Norway." Mineralogical Magazine 60, no. 398 (February 1996): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.398.05.

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AbstractField relations in the upper part of Intrusion II of the Caledonian Honningsvåg Intrusive Suite show that some peridotite sheets transgress, and include in situ rafts of, the adjacent gabbroic cumulates. Modal and textural analyses of three olivine melagabbro sheets show non-cotectic mineral proportions that are likely to result from crystal-melt reactions. Discordant, replacive fingers and pipes of feldspathic peridotite along interfaces between peridotite and overlying olivine melagabbro also suggest crystal-melt reactions.It is proposed that several picritic sills intruded porous gabbroic cumulates in the upper part of Intrusion II. Lateral infiltration of picritic magma led to crystal-melt reactions, mainly assimilation of plagioclase and precipitation of olivine, resulting in the formation of olivine melagabbro and peridotite sheets, and replacive fingers and pipes of feldspathic peridotite.
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7

Tamura, Yoshihiko, Yoshiyuki Tatsumi, Dapeng Zhao, Yukari Kido, and Hiroshi Shukuno. "Hot fingers in the mantle wedge: new insights into magma genesis in subduction zones." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 197, no. 1-2 (March 2002): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(02)00465-x.

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8

Galland, Olivier, Juan B. Spacapan, Ole Rabbel, Karen Mair, Frederico González Soto, Trond Eiken, Mario Schiuma, and Héctor A. Leanza. "Structure, emplacement mechanism and magma-flow significance of igneous fingers – Implications for sill emplacement in sedimentary basins." Journal of Structural Geology 124 (July 2019): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2019.04.013.

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9

Sparks, R. S. J., H. E. Huppert, R. C. Kerr, D. P. McKenzie, and S. R. Tait. "Postcumulus processes in layered intrusions." Geological Magazine 122, no. 5 (September 1985): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800035470.

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AbstractDuring the postcumulus stage of solidification in layered intrusions, fluid dynamic phenomena play an important role in developing the textural and chemical characteristics of the cumulate rocks. One mechanism of adcumulus growth involves crystallization at the top of the cumulate pile where crystals are in direct contact with the magma reservoir. Convection in the chamber can enable adcumulus growth to occur to form a completely solid contact between cumulate and magma. Another important process may involve compositional convection in which light differentiated melt released by intercumulus crystallization is continually replaced by denser melt from the overlying magma reservoir. This process favours adcumulus growth and can allow adcumulus growth within the pore space of the cumulate pile. Calculations indicate that this process could reduce residual porosities to a few percent in large layered intrusions, but could not form pure monomineralic rocks. Intercumulus melt may also be replaced by more primitive melt during episodes of magma chamber replenishment. Dense magma, emplaced over a cumulate pile containing lower density differentiated melt may sink several metres into the underlying pile in the form of fingers. Reactions between melt and matrix may lead to changes in mineral compositions, mineral textures and whole rock isotope compositions. Another important mechanism for forming adcumulate rocks is compaction, in which the imbalance of the hydrostatic and lithostatic pressures in the cumulate pile causes the crystalline matrix to deform and intercumulus melt to be expelled. For cumulate layers from 10 to 1000 metres in thickness, compaction can reduce porosities to very low values (< 1%) and form monomineralic rocks. The characteristic time-scale for such compaction is theoretically short compared to the time required to solidify a large layered intrusion. During compaction changes of mineral compositions and texture may occur as moving melts interact with the surrounding matrix. Both compaction and compositional convection can be interrupted by solidification in the pore spaces. Compositional convection will only occur if the Rayleigh number is larger than 40, if the residual melt becomes lower in density, and the convective velocity exceeds the solidification velocity (measured by the rate of crystal accumulation in the chamber). Orthocumulates are thus more likely to form in rapidly cooled intrusions where residual melt is frozen into the pore spaces before it can be expelled by compaction or replaced by convection.
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10

Gerya, Taras V., Ron Uken, Jürgen Reinhardt, Michael K. Watkeys, Walter V. Maresch, and Brendan M. Clarke. "Cold fingers in a hot magma: Numerical modeling of country-rock diapirs in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa." Geology 31, no. 9 (2003): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g19566.1.

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Books on the topic "Magma fingers"

1

Roald, Dahl. The magic finger. London: HarperCollins, 1991.

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Roald, Dahl. The magic finger. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989.

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3

Roald, Dahl. The magic finger. London, England: Viking, 1995.

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Roald, Dahl. The magic finger. London: Viking Children's Books, 1993.

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Roald, Dahl. The magic finger. New York: Puffin Books, 1997.

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6

Roald, Dahl. The Magic Finger. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Puffin Books, 1993.

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Roald, Dahl. The magic finger. New York: Scholastic, 1999.

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8

Utroi, Wendall. Mama Finger. Independently Published, 2019.

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9

Blake, Quentin, and Dahl Roald. Magic Finger. Penguin Books, Limited, 2016.

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Roald, Dahl. Magic Finger. Penguin Publishing Group, 2009.

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