To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Magistrates Court.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Magistrates Court'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Magistrates Court.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Herbert, Andrew. "Crown Court or magistrates' court : a study of magistrates in action." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30109.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the process by which decisions are made in magistrates' courts as to whether adult defendants charged with either way offences should be tried or sentenced in that court or at the Crown Court. An empirical study of three magistrates' courts in England suggests that a series of piecemeal initiatives geared explicitly towards a policy objective of restricting the number of cases reaching the Crown Court have only had a limited impact because they have failed to become part of the culture of the lay magistracy. It is argued that there is a lack of impetus coming from within magistrates' courts to complete more cases as court participants in general do not appear to acknowledge the validity of that objective. A secondary objective has been the enhancement of consistency between courts when determining which cases can be completed by magistrates in the public interest. The findings of this study suggest that the prime explanation for variations between courts lies in individual court culture and the effect that this has on the working practices of all court participants. It is suggested that most mode decisions are effectively not taken by magistrates, but are the outcome of prior negotiation between lawyers. But this negotiation is conducted within the context of a shared understanding as to which cases that particular court was likely to retain and which were likely to be committed to the Crown Court.
2
Read, Gordon. "A qualitative study of social interaction in a magistrates' court." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1996. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20789/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis has explored the court from a dramaturgical perspective and has focused on the structure and procedural organisation, the power and influence indices and the individual and group roles and interactions, their aims and their conflicts. The study has entailed the use of participant and non-participant observation but in particular a series of in-depth interviews. These involved magistrates, both lay and professional, Justices' Clerks, court clerks and a court usher, probation officers and advocates, both prosecution and defence. A certain amount of 'privileged' information has also been utilised during the research where this was considered to be both appropriate and ethical. An unusual aspect of the study is that the researcher is also a magistrate, with a considerable number of years experience on the Bench, who made the decision to carry out the main body of his research in the courts where he adjudicated. It was recognised that he could be seen by the participants in the setting, not as an outsider carrying out a programme of research, but as an insider attempting to negotiate the dual roles of insider-magistrate and outsider-researcher. It is, therefore, not only a study of the procedures and the participants within the magistrates' courts but also the researcher's own conflicts and the methodology employed in trying to keep the two roles separate in order to carry out an objective piece of research. The research findings suggest that there is considerable evidence to support the view that courtroom interaction, the organisation and the procedures often fall short of the abstract ideals of justice.
3
Hedderman, Carol. "The treatment of male and female defendants in the Magistrates' Court." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272710.
Full text
4
Rumgay, Judith. "Alcohol, crime and judgments of responsibility : sentencing practice in a magistrates' court." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2460/.
Full textAbstract:
Debate about the status of the intoxication excuse as a legal defence is rooted in lay theories, or common sense assumptions, about the effects of alcohol on rationality and intentionality. There has been less concern to clarify the controversial use of information about defendants' intoxication or alcoholism as a mitigating factor in sentencing. A literature review leads to the conclusion that academic theories of alcohol-related crime are deterministic to an extent unsupported by the empirical research. Alcohol expectancy theory is identified as a perspective which may illuminate the alcohol-crime relationship without denying intentionality in offending behaviour. It is suggested that the alcohol expectancies comprise a set of lay theories about the effects of alcohol on mood and behaviour; that these may provide the bases for techniques of neutralisation and rationalisation which facilitate offending; and that such techniques may be adapted in courtroom mitigation. An empirical study of a magistrates' court examines the use of information about defendants' intoxication or alcoholism in sentencing decision making. Such information is found to facilitate rapid information processing and provide rationales for sentencing decisions by appealing to lay theories about alcohol's effects on mood and behaviour, and its role in crime causation. However, mitigation invoking intoxication or alcoholism are constrained by factors concerning types of offence and offender, and the availability of alternative explanations of crime. The study compares theories of crime and criminal justice held by magistrates and probation officers. Discrepancies are identified between these lay and professional perspectives which obstruct the sentencing decision making process. It is concluded that mitigations invoking intoxication or alcoholism are uniquely flexible in constructing judgements of criminal responsibility. The general applicability of the analysis of sentencing decision making may be constrained by factors specific to the court studied.
5
Cullinan, Laurie. "Caseload and case information : the sentencing practices of magistrates in the arrest court /." [St. Lucia, Qld], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18192.pdf.
Full text
6
Winn, Martin. "The structure and functions of the English magistrates' court : a study in historical sociology." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1986. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34804/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis starts with a critique of existing sociological and criminological studies. The major argument here is that, although interactionist studies are an improvement upon their positivist counterparts, they suffer from the inherent weaknesses contained in their astructural bias. Thus, although observational studies have been able to describe the effects of the process of interaction within the courtroom, they have been unable to explain why magistrates' justice is characterised by a relative lack of due process. In the main body of the thesis, we offer a structural analysis of the functions of magistrates' courts through an examination of the historical development of the magistracy culminating in its transformation in the middle of the nineteenth century. We show that the magistracy was created in its modern form as a lower court of summary justice specifically to act as an efficient method of punishing petty offenders with a conscious disregard for rights of due process. This did not simply reflect the interests of the industrial bourgeoisie but rather it was a product of the class struggle resulting from the particular formation of British capitalism, in which the gentry retained a powerful position. The central argument is that the particular form of justice that is administered in the lower courts of England and Wales reflects the compromise that was reached between these two sections of the ruling class in the period in which the modern magistracy was forged.
7
Brown, S. "Social information and its 'usefulness' in the juvenile court : An analysis of magistrates' accounts in organizational context." Thesis, Teesside University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235250.
Full textAbstract:
Studies of social information use have generally adopted an objectivist definition of 'information', treating it as an entity which resides in documents such as social enquiry reports and whose effect can then be measured as the corr7latio~ of inpu~ (information) with output (decision). Cons~derat1on of mag1strates' perceptions has been partial and problematic. The present study seeks to effect two major, interrelated, shifts in the study of social information use. Firstly, utilising the sociologies of knowledge and science, information is redefined as a product of the active creation of knowledge representations from data by decision makers. The creation of representations is seen to occur according to conventions of interpretation, generated as decision-makers seek to render their everyday activities coherent and meaningful, and acting as a cultural resource to assist in the accomplishment of future practices. However, information-creation is never neutral. In relating to practices it embraces the character of social relations and the assymetries of power inhering in these. A 'knowledge/power' analysis is adopted which enables 'information' to be viewed in relation to the micro-processes of organizational arenas and to social relations across time and space. Secondly,this forms the context for an empirical study of the generation and deployment of social information-as-representations in the juvenile court. Magistrates were interviewed and observation undertaken in six juvenile courts. The focus is on the decoding of social data by magistrates, both from social enquiry reports and other sources (solicitors, parents, defendants themselves). In decoding social data magistrates utilise conventions of interpretation which are dominated by a search for disciplinary control indicators. Reports are seen as malleable resources whose use is determined more by the decoding context into which they are sent than by their intrinsic properties. Control indicators are manufactured from social data to render the business of tariff sentencing possible and meaningful; the deployment of social information is a fulcrum of the classification of offenders along the 'slippery slope' of bifurcatory sentencing. Magistrates' accounts are thus situated in relation to the practices of the court and interorganizational boundaries, and ultimately are related to 'long distance' control. The 'social enquiry' is found to be, not a narrowly mundane matter of providing 'information for the court', nor solely a locally exerted power, but a far reaching technique of power which must be situated in relation to concepts of the 'tutelary complex' and the 'carceral continuum'.
8
Kraal, Ben James, and n/a. "Considering design for automatic speech recognition in use." University of Canberra. Information Sciences and Engineering, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070514.092924.
Full textAbstract:
Talking to a computer is hard. Large vocabulary automatic speech recognition
(ASR) systems are difficult to use and yet they are used by many
people in their daily work. This thesis addresses the question: How is
ASR used and made usable and useful in the workplace now?
To answer these questions I went into two workplaces where ASR is
currently used and one where ASR could be used in the future. This field
work was done with designing in mind. ASR dictation systems are currently
used in the Australian Public Service (APS) by people who suffer
chronic workplace overuse injuries and in the Hansard department of Parliament
House (Hansard) by un-injured people.
Analysing the experiences of the users in the APS and at Hansard
showed that using an ASR system in the workplace follows a broad trajectory
that ends in the continued effort to maintain its usefulness. The
usefulness of the ASR systems is �performed into existence� by the users
with varying degrees of success. For both the APS and Hansard users,
they use ASR to allow work to be performed; ASR acts to bridge the gap
between otherwise incompatible ways of working.
This thesis also asks: How could ASR be used and made usable and
useful in workplaces in the future? To answer this question, I observed
the work of communicating sentences at the ACT Magistrates Court.
Communicating sentences is a process that is distributed in space and
time throughout the Court and embodied in a set of documents that have
a co-ordinating role. A design for an ASR system that supports the process
of communicating sentences while respecting existing work process
is described.
Moving from field work to design is problematic. This thesis performs
the process of moving from field work to design, as described above, and
reflects the use of various analytic methods used to distill insights from
field work data.
The contributions of this thesis are:
� The pragmatic use of existing social research methods and their antecedents
as a corpus of analyses to inspire new designs;
vi
� a demonstration of the use of Actor-Network Theory in design both
as critique and as part of a design process;
� empirical field-work evidence of how large vocabulary ASR is used
in the workplace;
� a design showing how ASR could be introduced to the rich, complicated,
environment of the ACT Magistrates Court; and,
� a performance of the process of moving from field work to design.
9
Grundy, Michelle. "Constrained, compromised and disconnected : experiences of women in contact with the Magistrates' Court following violence and intimidation from male partners." Thesis, University of Salford, 2010. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26699/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis explores the experiences of women who had contact with the Magistrates' Court process as a result of violence and intimidation from men in past and existing relationships. Drawing on understandings and appropriations of feminist standpoint theory (Harding: 1987; 2004), an interpretive variation of grounded theory (Charmaz: 2007) and features of structuration theory (Giddens: 1984), the empirical study aimed to provide space for women to speak and be heard, in order to provide a more in-depth portrayal and understanding of women's experiences of their interface with the criminal court system, addressing a specific under-researched area in criminological and socio-legal discourses. Areas of convergence and divergence between the views of the women and professionals are also identified and a thematic discussion considers how the women's experiences of the law are structured and reproduced. The study found that most women wanted contact with some aspect of the criminal justice system, if not necessarily the court process, but on their terms: their experience assessed by their own notion of appropriateness. Women were shown to be knowledgeable agents strategising and attending to their more immediate priorities, which were not limited to judicial concerns. Women's agency was compromised and constrained throughout their experience, with their own legitimate victim status being questioned. The women reported a disconnection with the court process, and an absence of a sense of ownership, while the structural demands of the system and pressures brought by involvement were shown to bring additional complications in women's lives. The experience was deemed isolating, resulting largely from a dissonance between the women's frameworks of meaning, and those of the court professionals they came into contact with. The thesis concludes by identifying implications for addressing the normative gendered processes and culture of the criminal legal system, proposing an alternative approach centred on the needs and rights of abused women.
10
Eugénio, Rui Manuel de Sousa. "Tempos modernos, tempos de stress: a realidade de alguns tribunais portugueses." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21041.
Full textAbstract:
Tendo em conta a problemática crescente que representa o stress ocupacional no seio da nossa sociedade, as consequências nefastas decorrentes dos seus elevados níveis, procurou-se com este estudo abordar esta temática nos Tribunais portugueses. Com uma amostra constituída por Magistrados e Oficiais de Justiça, recolheram-se dados indicadores dos índices de satisfação profissional e de stress ocupacional. Foram também identificadas as principais causas de stress em ambos os grupos e nos vários Tribunais em estudo. Por último, apresentam-se algumas sugestões de intervenção com o objectivo de ajudar estes operadores judiciários a efectuar uma melhor gestão do stress e enfrentar eficientemente os stressors a que estão constantemente sujeitos. - ABSTRACT: Considering the growing problem that represents the occupational stress in our society, the adverse consequences resulting from their light levels, we meant with this study an approach to this issue in the Portuguesa courts. With a sample of Magistrates and Court Officials, indicator data rates of job satisfaction and occupational stress were gathered up. The main causes of stress in both groups and the various courts in the study were identified. Finally, we present some suggestions for intervention with the aim of helping the judiciary to better manage stress and deal effectively with stressors that they are constantly subjected to.
11
Fowler, Yvonne. "Non-English-speaking defendants in the magistrates court : a comparative study of face-to-face and prison video link interpreter-mediated hearings in England." Thesis, Aston University, 2013. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/19442/.
Full textAbstract:
This study compares interpreter-mediated face-to-face Magistrates Court hearings with those conducted through prison video link in which interpreters are located in court and non- English-speaking defendants in prison. It seeks to examine the impact that the presence of video link has on court actors in terms of interaction and behaviour. The data comprises 11 audio-recordings of face-to-face hearings, 10 recordings of prison video link hearings, semistructured interviews with 27 court actors, and ethnographic observation of hearings as viewed by defendants in Wormwood Scrubs prison in London. The over-arching theme is the pervasive influence of the ecology of the courtroom upon all court actors in interpretermediated hearings and thus on the communication process. Close analysis of the court transcripts shows that their relative proximity to one another can be a determinant of status, interpreting role, mode and volume. The very few legal protocols which apply to interpretermediated cases (acknowledging and ratifying the interpreter, for example), are often forgotten or dispensed with. Court interpreters lack proper training in the specific challenges of court interpreting, whether they are co-present with the defendant or not. Other court actors often misunderstand the interpreter’s role. This has probably come about because courts have adjusted their perceptions of what they think interpreters are supposed to do based on their own experiences of working with them, and have gradually come to accept poor practice (the inability to perform simultaneous interpreting, for example) as the norm. In video link courts, mismatches of sound and image due to court clerks’ failure to adequately track current speakers, poor image and sound quality and the fact that non-English-speaking defendants in pre-and post-court consultations can see and hear interpreters but not their defence advocates are just some of the additional layers of disadvantage and confusion already suffered by non- English-speaking defendants. These factors make it less likely that justice will be done.
12
Mafu, N. V. "The management of court records in magistrate court: a case of Middledrift Magistrate Court, Eastern Cape." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1020172.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the role of records management in the functioning of Magistrates courts in the Eastern Cape using Middledrift Magistrate court as a case study. The objectives were to determine types of records created, received and used at MMC, to describe the available infrastructure, security and preservation for the management of court records in MMC and to identify the obstacles encountered in management of court records at MMC. Forty respondents selected randomly and purposively were interviewed. The research findings showed that MMC creates, receives and maintains many court records, MMC is aware of the importance of managing court records from their creation to disposal, there are storages for semi- current and non-current records although there is lack infrastructure for managing court records. The study also revealed that there were occasional misplacement of court records, there was no case file tracking system and the security of records was satisfactory. This study recommends that MCC must have adequate storage space, training for the personnel and security systems to protect court records.
13
Gantana, Katrina. "The implementation of restorative justice by magistrates, prosecutors and probation officers in sentencing of young offenders at selected district magistrate courts in the Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12781.
Full textAbstract:
The qualitative study was conducted, within the judicial and social welfare system. Using convenience sampling (non-probability), magistrates, prosecutors and probation officers were specifically targeted to ascertain to what extend participants were currently implementing the approach of restorative justice in the sentencing of young offenders. Data was collected from charge sheets with regard to sentence remarks and the type of crime committed, and served as proof of implementation of such an approach. The study also explores the knowledge of these three professional groups with regard to restorative justice and their attitudes towards its implementation.
14
Cheng, Kwok-yin Kevin, and 鄭國賢. "The guilty plea process in the Hong Kong magistrates' courts." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50662193.
Full textAbstract:
Guilty pleas are the primary mode of criminal case dispositions in the common law world. Given how guilty pleas effectively waive the need for trials, it has been regarded as undermining due process safeguards. Although the written law in Hong Kong emphasizes the importance of ensuring defendants make their plea decisions free from any improper pressure, it neglects the intrinsic pressures brought upon by having to go through the criminal justice process. This is particularly true in the lower courts in Hong Kong and other common law jurisdictions. According to the Pre-trial Process Model (Feeley, 1979), because the offences that appear in the lower courts are relatively minor, the time and effort required of defendants often outweigh the sentences imposed on them. A lacuna however, exists in Hong Kong where guilty pleas have not been systematically analysed.
The research questions of this study are: 1) Which factors influence decisions to plead guilty?; 2) Why are these factors salient in the plea decision-making process?; 3) What are the considerations of defence lawyers behind plea advices; and 4) How do plea negotiations operate in Hong Kong? Data collection involved courtroom observations in two Hong Kong Magistrates’ Courts (N = 1,008 cases) and in-depth interviews with defence lawyers (N = 26). Quantitative data were collected for both legal and extra-legal variables that were relevant to plea decisions. Legal variables included: the types of offence, the number of charges and whether an admission was made under caution. Extra-legal factors included: bail status, type of legal representation and demographic characteristics of defendants. Logistic regression analyses indicate that defendants who made an admission under caution, represented themselves in-person, and were remanded in custody, are more likely to plead guilty.
Interviews and courtroom interactions are used to shed light on decision-making during the pre-trial stages of criminal procedure including lawyers’ advices and the practice of plea bargaining, and moreover substantiate the quantitative findings. Thematic analyses reveal that most defendants plead guilty in order to terminate as quickly as possible the stress and sanctions of being caught up in the criminal process and also to secure sentencing discounts for guilty pleas. This lends support to the notion that the process itself is already the punishment and that enticements to plead guilty are significant.
As there is little empirical research into the daily operations of the justice system in Hong Kong, this study offers important insights. Theoretically, this study enhances the Pre-trial Process Model, and expands on it by focusing not only on the costs of going through the criminal justice process but also the benefits secured in return for a guilty plea. This revised version of the Pre-trial Process Model, named the Cost and Benefit Model, can be used to predict the likelihood of guilty pleas and explain the phenomenon of guilty pleas. As for practical significances, it illuminates on which groups of defendants are most susceptible to pleading guilty and provides recommendations in order to safeguard against the innocent pleading guilty.published_or_final_version
Social Work and Social Administration
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
15
Mwansa, Kalombo Thomson. "Property crime and the criminal process in Lusaka magistrates' courts." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413191.
Full text
16
Cashman, Peter Kenneth. "Legal representation and the outcome of criminal proceedings in magistrates' courts." Thesis, University of London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322284.
Full text
17
Moore, Robin James. "The enforcement of financial penalties by magistrates' courts : an evaluative study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/655/.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the fine’s position as the most commonly imposed sentencing disposal, it has been the subject of limited research. This dearth is a particular concern as recent statistics show that a large proportion of financial penalties are in arrears, with significant amounts being written-off. There have been various attempts in recent years to improve the enforcement process, which underscores the need for an evaluation of current policies and practices. The thesis is based on a study evaluating the enforcement of financial penalties by the Birmingham and Manchester city centre magistrates’ courts. The fieldwork was conducted both inside and outside the court building: defaulters’ appearances at the fines court, and fines clinic, were observed, and bailiffs and Civilian Enforcement Officers [CEOs] were accompanied as they attempted to execute distress warrants and bail warrants respectively. The thesis outlines various problems, and makes a number of proposals designed not only to raise the levels of effectiveness and efficiency but also the quality of justice. Taken together they provide a new coherent framework for the enforcement process.
18
Smith, Bethany. "The role and influence of District Judges in the magistrates' courts." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30111.
Full textAbstract:
The judicial responsibility for dealing with over one million defendants in the magistrates' courts each year is currently shared between over 30,000 volunteer lay magistrates, usually sitting in panels of two or three, and 281 legally qualified, state paid, District Judges (Magistrates' Courts) and Deputy District Judges (Magistrates' Courts), who sit alone.;District Judges (or stipendiary magistrates as they were previously entitled) were traditionally considered an anomalous feature of the magistrates' courts system. However, the last 10 years has seen the greatest expansion in their numbers and the consolidation of their role, status and organisation. Two main factors have contributed to these developments: the pressure for efficiency that has been brought to bear on the criminal justice process over the last twenty years, most recently embodied in the ethos of New Public Management and the marked shift towards professionalisation of the magistrates' courts. The combination of these factors, and the resultant growth in the numbers and role of District Judges, has led to the resurgence of familiar debates surrounding the fundamental values and functions of the magistrates' courts.;The objectives of this study were to assess the role of District Judges in terms of the assumptions made in respect of the skills and benefits they bring to the magistrates' courts and to determine the extent of their influence upon the conduct of court business. It is argued that District Judges exert the greatest influence in the micro arena of the courtroom. The combination of their status as legal professional and decision-maker transformed the dynamics of working relationships. However, they had little direct impact upon the general administration or non-judicial work of the court. It was found that their assumed quality in terms of speed was reflected in the largely pragmatic judicial role they undertook in the courts. However, it was also apparent that District Judges tended to be allocated a greater proportion of the 'more serious' types of cases in defence to their professional status. Finally, it is argued that, as 'expert' decision-makers within a system historically based on 'amateur community justice' the increased presence of District Judges has both led to, and been emblematic of, a subtle shift in the underlying values of the magistrates' courts.
19
Razafindratsima, Fara Aina. "Entre droit français et coutumes malgaches : les magistrats de la Cour d'appel de Madagascar (1896-1960)." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10069.
Full textAbstract:
De 1896 à 1960, quoique placée sous différents statuts (colonie, territoire d'outre-mer, puis État membre de la Communauté), Madagascar est restée sous la domination française. Durant cette période, la France administre le pays, notamment, elle doit faire régner la justice, un des premiers éléments de la mission du colonisateur. A cet égard, la politique consiste à introduire dans l'organisation judiciaire des magistrats français qui, en charge de véhiculer les valeurs occidentales, vont assurément participer de la domination. Toutefois, en même temps, en exerçant sur le territoire malgache, ces juges se heurtent à l'existence d'institutions indigènes déjà bien établies qu'il convient de respecter. Par ailleurs, ils se trouvent face à une population européenne nouvellement installée à qui il faut aussi « dire » le droit, un droit somme toute particulier. Ainsi, au sein de la Cour d'appel de Madagascar, les magistrats jouent un rôle majeur en ce qu'ils ont à remplir une triple mission à la fois : appliquer un droit spécial aux Français, appliquer leurs lois coutumières aux indigènes et appliquer le droit métropolitain, « symbole éminent de la culture française », à la population locale. Dans la pratique, malgré les difficultés qu'ils ont rencontrées outre-mer, et les contraintes qui se sont imposées à eux, les magistrats s'en sont plutôt bien sortis dans la délicate tâche qui leur a été confiée. En se dotant, sans complexe, de toute la liberté nécessaire à leur fonction, ils ont su, à leur façon, satisfaire « leurs » justiciables tout en restant fidèle à la politique colonialeFrom 1896 to 1960, Madagascar remained under French domination, first as a colony, then as a territoire d'outre-mer, finally as a member of the Communauté française. One of the most important elements of the « mission » of the colonizer was to assure the administration of justice. French policy consisted in introducing into the judiciary organization French judges whose task it was to bring to the country Western values, thus playing an important role in colonial domination. They were obliged, however, at the same time, to respect certain traditional native institutions. Their decisions also concerned the recently settled European population of Madagascar, for whom French metropolitan law had to be specially adapted.There were therefore three tasks to be accomplished by the judges of the Court of Appeals of Madagascar : to implement a special law to the French population, to implement their customary laws to the indigenous population and implement the law of metropolitan France, « eminent symbol of French culture », to that indigenous population. In practice, despite the difficulties encountered and the limits imposed on them, the judges managed these delicate tasks rather well. In confidently granting themselves all the liberty necessary to their function, the judges managed to satisfy the various communities in Madagascar, while remaining faithful to colonial policy
20
Emslie, Keith Robert. "Managerialism and cultural change in the magistrates' courts service : a case study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396980.
Full text
21
Cammiss, Steven. "Determining mode of trial : an analysis of decision making in magistrates' courts." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2620/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis examines mode of trial decisions in magistrates’ courts within the context of a theoretical framework that views courtroom interaction as multifaceted and complex. The history of the mode of trial decision has seen an extension of summary jurisdiction; for reasons of cost and efficiency successive reforms have aimed at reducing the number of cases that are committed to the Crown Court. It is thought that inappropriate cases are being committed to the Crown Court, yet the magistrates’ court is criticised for providing poor quality justice. This thesis therefore examines the dynamics of the mode of trial decision in order to understand how the process operates. The theoretical framework examines different influences upon social interactions; psychobiography, the courtroom setting, the dynamics of interactions and wider social structures that frame behaviour. This is conducted through an examination of the narrative (re)production practices of courtroom professionals. The thesis find that legal considerations dominate the mode of trial process with local legal cultures deeply influencing the decision. However, where discretion remains, sociological influences can be ascertained as impacting upon behaviour. For instance, the treatment of domestic violence cases show how institutional and professional concerns enter the mode of trial decision; prosecutors, utilising the ability to control information that comes before the court, minimise the impact of cases so as to persuade the magistrates to retain jurisdiction. Additionally, the legal narratives (re)produced in the courtroom highlight a number of considerations for the nature of law. Law, when taking defendant’s, witnesses’ and complainant’s stories, translates these into narratives that are appropriate for the legal process. As a result, the voices of the participants are lost in the courtroom narrative.
22
Ewart, Brian W. "A social psychological approach to understanding sentencing in the Crown and Magistrates Courts." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358961.
Full text
23
Darby, Nerys Elizabeth Charlotte. "The magistrate and the community : summary proceedings in rural England during the long eighteenth century." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2015. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/9720/.
Full textAbstract:
The study of how the law worked at a local level in rural communities, and in the role of the rural magistrate at summary level, has been the subject of relatively little attention by historians. More attention has been given to the higher courts, when the majority of plebeian men and women who experienced the law during the long eighteenth century would have done so at summary level. Although some work has been carried out on summary proceedings, this has also tended to focus either on metropolitan records, a small number of sources, or on a specific, limited, number of offences. There has not been a broader study of rural summary proceedings to look at how the role and function of the rural magistrate, how local communities used this level of the criminal justice system, as complainants, defendants and witnesses, and how they negotiated their place in their local community through their involvement with the local magistrate. The research presented here uses the surviving summary notebooks of 13 magistrates working across central and southern England as primary sources, taking both a quantitative and qualitative approach to examine how rural summary proceedings operated. It shows that there was wide participation in the summary process in rural England, and that rural magistrates had a more individualised approach to their summary work and decision-making than their London equivalents. It reveals how even the poorest members of rural societies were able to employ agency and display authority in their appearances before the magistrate, and demonstrates the extent to which the use of discretion, mediation and arbitration were key functions of the rural justice.
24
Ward, Tony. "Psychiatry and criminal reponsibility in England, 1843-1936." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4244.
Full text
25
Liang, Linxia. "Civil procedure in the Qing Magistrate's Court : illustrated with reference to land and debt disputes (1644-1911)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU150492.
Full textAbstract:
This study, drawing mainly on the Qing law and Baodi case records during nineteenth century, supplemented by reference to collections of magistrate's decisions and handbooks, aims to describe the civil procedure of the last dynasty of imperial China, the Qing in terms of the performance of the magistrate's court in solving land and debt cases. It argues that the establishment of the relevant laws on both procedural and substantive issues was systemized in the Qing logic in the sense that magistrates were enabled to solve land and debt disputes and petitioners were enabled to seek help from legal institutions. In some aspects, the law was either drafted too widely, such as in the case of physical injury, or too ideally, such as in the case of false accusation. As a result allegations of physical injury and untrue accusation were very often found in land and debt cases. As for solving land and debt cases, the magistrate in the first place followed the letter of the law when there was an applicable statutory provision. However, the magistrates' purpose in hearing a case was to distinguish right and wrong. (fenbian quzhi) and deliver justice (pingyun) to the parties; so the facts (qing) and the law (fa) were both completely considered (qing fa liang jin). When there was a gulf between the law and the case, which was sometimes unavoidable, the real meaning or principle of the law was applied. In this sense, the magistrate enjoyed a large discretion by taking into account the specific circumstances before making a decision (zhun qing zhuo li). Zhun qing zhuo li expresses a principle governing the application of the law. It is not a flexible tool allowing the magistrate to decide as he wished. In most circumstances the letter of the law was not lacking. Decisions turning on zhun qing zhuo li were very rare. In any event several limitations were established on the magistrates' discretion.
26
Hansson, Desirée S. "Differences in the comprehensibility of testimony : a comparative study of magistrate's credibility judgements, witnesses' ethnicity and court role." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17018.
Full textAbstract:
BIbliography: pages 203-215.Only limited research has been undertaken regarding the effects of extralegal variables on the verdicts of lower courts. Bennett and Feldman (1981) have demonstrated that the well-formedness of the semantic structure of testimony determines its credibility. It has been shown that the comprehensibility of narrative discourse (testimony) is a reliable indicator of its well-formedness (Thorndyke, 1977). This study aims to explore the relationships between comprehensibility (well-formedness) as a dependent variable, and magistrates' credibility judgements, the ethnicity of witnesses and their court roles as independent variables. Simple three way Anovas constituted the bulk of the statistical analyses.
27
Logie, Jacques. "Les magistrats des cours et tribunaux en Belgique, 1794-1814 : essai d'approche politique et sociologique." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040082.
Full textAbstract:
Les juges élus en germinal an V dans les départements réunis formèrent la charpente des tribunaux sous le directoire. Le personnel judiciaire nomme sous le Consulat fut choisi en grande partie parmi les hommes qui avaient servi le Directoire dans les tribunaux et les administrations. Les épurations pratiquées en 1807 et surtout en 1811 réduisirent le nombre des hommes issus de la période révolutionnaire au sein des tribunaux mais ils y figuraient encore en majorité en 1814. La magistrature des tribunaux après l'annexion des Pays-Bas autrichiens fut composée pour plus de la moitié, d'hommes nouveaux qui n'avaient pas exercé de charge judiciaire sous l'Ancien Régime. Cette présence se maintint sous le Consulat et sous l'Empire même si progressivement on constate un retour aux traditions judiciaires du passé. Napoléon organisa une magistrature hiérarchisée mais il laissa la responsabilité des nominations à Cambacérès sous le Consulat et au grand juge Régnier sous l'Empire. Les magistrats furent surtout recrutés localement et dans la bourgeoisie aisée. Même sous le Directoire, un grand nombre d'entre eux étaient licenciés en droit et cette tendance s'accentua sous l'EmpireJudges elected in germinal V in the united departments formed the framework of the courts under the Directoire. The judicial personnel appointed under the Consulat was mainly chosen amongst the ones who had served the Directoire in the courts and government services. The purification made in 1807 and mostly in 1811 reduced the number of men stemming from the revolutionary period but they still were in majority in 1814. More than half of the magistrature personnel after the annexion of the Austrian Netherlands was composed of new men who had never exercised any judicial office under the Ancien Regime. This presence remained under the Consulat and the Empire even if progressively one notices a return to judicial tradition of the past. Napoleon organized the magistrature into a hierarchy but gave the responsibility for appointments to Cambacérès under the Consulat and to grand juge Régnier under the Empire. Judges were mainly recruited locally and amongst the well-off bourgeoisie. Even under the Directoire, a great number of them had a law degree and this trend went upward under the Empire
28
Brown, Imogen Ferelith Branwen. "An evaluation of methods of disposal by the Juvenile Magistrates' Courts in care proceedings for irregular school attendance." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252922.
Full text
29
Veillon, Didier. "Les magistrats dans le ressort de la cour d'appel de poitiers au dix-neuvieme siecle." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT3012.
Full textAbstract:
En l'an huit, une reforme judiciaire cree a poitiers un tribunal d'appel. Quatre departements - la vienne, les deux-sevres, la vendee et la charente-inferieure - relevent de la competence de cette nouvelle juridiction. Pendant le dix-neuvieme siecle, a plusieurs reprises, les gouvernements veulent remodeler l'organisation judiciaire construite sous le consulat et le premier empire. Mais ces grandes reformes echouent. En ce qui concerne la cour de poitiers et les dix-huit tribunaux de premiere instance de son ressort, la situation ne change pas. Chaque magistrat est recrute parmi les trois candidats proposes par les deux chefs de cour. Du reste, ces derniers jouent un role important dans la carriere du personnel judiciaire. Mais, surtout, la magistrature doit faire allegeance au gouvernement. Frequemment, les magistrats prennent part a la repression politique. Naturellement, a chaque changement de regime, le corps judiciaire est malmene. Quoi qu'il en soit, constamment, les magistrats du fait de leur milieu familial, de leur mariage, de leur style de vie occupent une place de tout premier ordre au sein de la societeIn year eight, a judicial reform creates in poitiers a court of appeal. Four departments - vienne, deux-sevres, vendee and charenteinferieure - fall within the competence of this new court. During the nineteen century, on several occasions, governments want to remodel the judicial organisation built during the consulat and the first empire. But, these great reforms fail. Concerning the court of poitiers and the eighteen county courts in its jurisdiction, the situation doesn't change. Every magistrateis recruited from three applicants proposed by the two chiefs of court. Moreover, these two men play an important role in the judicial staff's career development. But, above all, the magistracy has to swear allegiance to government. Frequently, the magistrates take part in the politic repression. Of course, at each change of government, the judicial authority is shaken. However that may be, contantly, because of our family background, our marriage, our way of life, the magistrates have an important place in society
30
Logie, Jacques. "Les magistrats des cours et des tribunaux en Belgique, 1794-1814 : essai d'approche politique et sociale /." Genève : Droz, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388744084.
Full text
31
Guevara, Rivera Yenny Carolina. "Recrutement, indépendance et responsabilité des magistrats en Colombie : le cas de la Cour Suprême de Justice et du Conseil Supérieur de la Judicature." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAD005.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de recherche a pour but d'apporter des éléments théoriques ainsi que pratiques au débat sur le causes et conséquences de la politisation des deux hauts tribunaux en Colombie, à fin d'enrichir la discussion. Concrètement, cette thèse doctorale analyse la manière dont les hauts juges sont élus et les conséquences les plus visibles de ces processus de sélection. A partir d'une analyse quantitative et qualitative, cette étude explore la façon dont l'autonomie de juges est conditionnée par le processus qu'ils suivent pour être élus. Pour conclure, cette thèse se penche aussi sur l'état actuel du bilan entre l'indépendance des juges et leur responsabilité vis-à-vis de leur fonctionThis researching work intends to provide theoretical and practical elements to enrich the debate about the causes and consequences of the politicization of two high tribunals in Colombia. In fact, this doctoral project analyses the way the election of the high judges is carried out and the respective consequences of these selection processes. Throughout a quantitative and qualitative analysis, we explore the way the autonomy of the judges is conditioned by their election process. Finally, the current state of the assessment between independence and responsibility of the judges is also tackled
32
Sardien, Anthony William Patrick. "A critical analysis of magistrates' experiences of the peer learning initiative in the KwaZulu-Natal courts : transcending apartheid judicial education?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11395.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-96).This dissertation investigates the peer learning activities initiated by the Joint Education and Training Committee (Jetcom) of the kwaZulu-Natal district court magistrates. A core aspect of the study considers how magistrates relate their understandings of peer learning to their professional development, particularly in view of the continued influence of the legacy of apartheid–era judicial education.A brief analysis of the history of the magistracy in the context of the development of South Africa from colonisation, industrialisation, and apartheid to democracy is the basis for a characterisation of judicial education before 1994. The study draws on literature inthe sociology of professions, professional development and peer learning in order to construct a conceptual framework to interpret the peer learning initiative.Data collection involved mainly semi-structured individual interviews and focus group discussions with magistrates. Field notes recorded observations of interactions with and between magistrates and reflections on the research process generally. A thematic data analysis informed the interpretive phase of the analysis. The conceptual framework developed in the literature review informed the critical analysis of the experiences and understandings of the peer learning initiative.Until 1993, the executive controlled and provided the content of the 'apartheid' judicial education of magistrates, compromising their judicial independence.The findings show that some magistrates have used peer learning to try to build equal, reciprocal peer learning relationships; others have used peer learning to retain existing distinctions and inequalities. The Jetcom has succeeded in embedding the peer learning initiative into the authority structures of the magistracy, thereby strengthening its sustainability.Magistrates have used peer learning to respond to various professional development needs. 'Race' and gender have influenced the conception and the implementation of the peer learning initiative.
33
Pollack, Samuel J. "The crown and judicial venality in the Parlement of Toulouse, c. 1490-1547." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:225316fd-9240-443f-b00f-ec6208171630.
Full textAbstract:
Notoriously, the French monarchy began to exchange judicial posts in its courts of law for cash to raise emergency funds in the early sixteenth century. The fact that all sorts of royal posts subsequently became venal or hereditary is a familiar aspect of ancien régime France, yet very little work exists on the genesis of this institution. This thesis traces the meanings, practices, and effects of 'venality' between 1490 and 1547. It does so by studying the relationship between the crown and the second most important law court of the kingdom, the Parlement of Toulouse. Traditional interpretations of office sale have tended to explain the phenomenon as a tale of royal hypocrisy, and have prioritised research on the Parlement of Paris. In contrast, this study argues that the study of a provincial court forces us to reconsider the chronology, techniques, and outcomes of early venality. A considerable amount of unexploited archival and printed material exists on office sale. By approaching it through the lens of legal culture, this thesis proposes an investigative model not only capable of explaining why venality emerged, but also why it was so vilified. Existing studies of office sale have tended to ignore legal talk and legislation as misleading or dissimulative. By paying particular attention to law and language, however, this study argues that the sale of judicial offices was a deeply ambiguous theme in the first half of the sixteenth-century that was open to constant interpretation. It was this very slipperiness that allowed a variety of actors to engage with it. Early office sale prolonged late medieval practices, but also heralded unprecedented changes, influencing the formation of the early-modern state. By studying the phenomenon, this thesis offers a rich and multifaceted picture of the relations and functioning of the crown and its tribunals.
34
Damasceno, Morais Rubens. "Le prix de la douleur : Gestion des désaccords entre magistrats, dans un tribunal brésilien de seconde instance." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20045.
Full textAbstract:
L’enjeu de la présente recherche est d’examiner la gestion du désaccord entre magistrats dans une Cour d’Appel brésilienne, tout en procédant à l’identification de la stase (du conflit) entre eux, dans les moments de définition du juste montant (le « suum cuique tribuere »), souvent désigné par l’expression pretium doloris ou « prix de la douleur ». On s’intéresse moins au côté technique et strictement juridique des affaires de dommages et intérêts et plutôt à l’analyse argumentative/rhétorique des interactions enregistrées en audio. Après des réflexions à propos de quelques théories de l’argumentation (Aristote, Ducrot, Grize, Toulmin et autres), de l’argumentation juridique (Atienza, Perelman, Cornu et autres), des interactions verbales (Goffman, Kerbrat-Orecchioni, Traverso et autres) et des émotions en contexte d’interaction argumentative (Plantin), ce travail offre quatre chapitres analytiques où, parmi des analyses descriptives, on examine de près la façon que les magistrats/interactants allient la raison (la lettre de la loi) au côté émotionnel, au moment de qualifier une affaire en tant que « dommage », concept flou, ouvert à maintes possibilités d’interprétation juridique, selon les juristes brésiliens (Reis, Cahali et autres). On procède à un inventaire des critères, parfois très originaux, qui font toute la richesse du moment des délibérés connu sous le terme de quantum debeatur (ou, si l’on préfère, l’ad quantum). De cette façon, on constate que les magistrats peuvent même utiliser des « nonlegalist factors », ajoutant aux arguments techniques juridiques quelques valeurs, qui supposent une appréciation subjective des affaires en cours de jugement. Dans ces analyses, on montre encore comment l’hétéro-attribution d’une émotion acquiert une valeur argumentative, sans que cela disqualifie les jugements en appel pour autant. On examine aussi les procédés d’atténuation du désaccord exprimés par les magistrats, tout en mettant en relief la dimension stratégique de l’adoucissement conversationnel, car, comme on peut le constater, les attitudes des magistrats lors des délibérés manifestent une dimension rhétorique, dans les moments de définition du pretium doloris. De cette façon, en considérant la richesse et diversité des formules de politesse (par exemple, l’expression data venia), des réparateurs (excuses et justifications), des modalisateurs, entre autres procédés identifiés par la pragmatique des interactions, on découvre plusieurs façons très efficaces de gérer le conflit, employées par les magistrats lorsqu'ils prennent en charge le rôle actanciel d’opposant lors des délibérés. On repère aussi quelques stratégies argumentatives utilisées exclusivement en contexte d’interaction, comme l’accord dissonant, ce qui nous permet de pointer la “colonisation argumentative” du discours d’un magistrat par l’autre. L’identification de ce que nous avons nommé renverseur (dispositif qui permet aux magistrats de retourner à 180° une décision) nous aide aussi à comprendre comment les avis des magistrats peuvent s’affronter irrévocablement, donnant place à des stases irréversibles.On montre aussi, à partir de quelques études de cas, comment fonctionne l’assimilation argumentative en tant que phénomène interactif-argumentatif qui émerge dans les moments de stase réversible entre les magistrats, faisant s'écrouler les barrières argumentatives entre les interactants, avant que l’un d’entre eux ne manifeste un changement de disposition vis-à-vis de la décision à prendre. On présente enfin un type d’argument très caractéristique du corpus TRIBUNAL (le corpus dont on dispose pour cette recherche) : l’argument de l’expérience vécue, lequel apparaît dans les séquences examinées et qui donnent une valeur argumentative et rhétorique non négligeable aux votes des magistratsThis thesis aims to describe the mechanisms of disagreement management among judges in a court of Brazil. The source of the analyzes will be some discussions between judges, audio recorded, always in Second Instance. The focus of the research is the moment of (re)definition of the value of compensation (or the so-called « price of pain » / pretium doloris) to be paid in cases of moral damage. Thus, after plunging in texts related to theories of argumentation (Aristotle, Ducrot, Grize, Toulmin among others), to strictly legal argumentation (Atienza, Perelman, Cornu among others), to the theories of verbal interaction (Goffman, Kerbrat-Orecchioni, Traverso among others) and also the theories related to the study of emotions in the context of argumentative interaction (Plantin), this research presents four analytical parts in which, through meticulously descriptive work, we propose to examine the way that judges, when to judge controversial cases, combine reason and emotion to their justifications. Thus, we proceed to an inventory of the criteria used by judges, some very original, and that make particularly interesting the moment of defining the quantum debeatur (or, if you prefer, the ad quantum). As we will see, the magistrates will also use non-legal criteria (« nonlegalist factors »), in this endeavor, at the time of integrating to the strictly legal arguments some arguments related to their own personal experiences, without, thereby, disqualifying the handed down verdicts. In fact, and as we will note, the time of definition of pretium doloris is still quite controversial, according to Brazilian jurists (Reis, Cahali among others).We also examine the mechanisms of attenuating disagreements, used by magistrates in times of conflict (stase), always trying to unveil the strategic and rhetoric sides of such attitudes. Thus, taking into account the richness and diversity of the so called « formulas of politeness », in in the use of expressions such as data venia or in the use of modalizers, among others, we discover the unique and effective ways that magistrates find to deal with conflict of opinions among them, during deliberations. Thus, we will highlight the strategy of « dissonant agreement » observed in some sessions and that, as we show, indicates a kind of « argumentative colonization » of speeches given by the judges. We also highlight an important mechanism used in times of conflict, to which we gave the name of argumentative inverter. Such a device allows a magistrate invert in 180º the decision of the Magistrate of First Instance, for example, in addition to helping us understand how the irreversible disagreement (stase irréversible) ranks among the expert judges.The analyzes also show, from case studies, how the argumentative assimilation works, an argumentative-interactional phenomenon that emerges in times of reversible conflict (stase réversible) among judges. Such manifestation will allow us to check how a judge can convince / persuade another in moments of controversy and disagreement between them. Finally, we show how the argument from personal experience works, a typical agument of the COURT corpus (the name of the corpus we adopted), widely used by judges and which gives a rhetorical touch to the more technical arguments, in moments of deliberations; particularly in the moment of qualification of an action as illegal
35
Haider, Suki. "Female petty crime in Dundee, 1865-1925 : alcohol, prostitution and recidivism in a Scottish city." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4126.
Full textAbstract:
Late-nineteenth and early twentieth-century Dundee had a strikingly large female workforce and this fact has attracted much scholarly attention. But existing research has not probed the official crime records to determine whether the associated local stereotype of the disorderly mill worker, as a ‘moral blot' on the landscape, is justified. This study looks at female criminality in Dundee 1865–1925. It finds that drunkenness, breach of the peace and theft were the leading female offences and that the women most strongly associated with criminality belonged to the marginalised sections of the working class. Amongst them were the unskilled mill girls prominent in the contemporary discussions, but it was prostitutes and women of ‘No Trade' who appear to have challenged the police most often. They were frequently repeat offenders and consequently this thesis devotes considerable attention to the women entrenched in Dundee's criminal justice system. A pattern noted in the city's recidivism statistics, and often echoed elsewhere, is that the most persistent offenders were women. The fact that men perpetrated the majority of petty crime raises the suspicion that the police statistics capture differential policing of male and female recidivists – an idea that builds upon feminist theory and Howard Taylor's stance on judicial statistics. Yet a detailed study of the archives reveals that there are as many examples of the police treating women fairly as there are of gender-biased law. Indeed, several practical constraints hindered over-zealous policing, one of which was the tendency of the local magistrates to throw out cases against prostitutes and female drunks. This thesis, taking the police and court records as a whole, emphasizes that it was generally pragmatism, rather than prejudice, that guided the sanctioning of female recidivists in Dundee.
36
Macera, Paulo Henrique. "Responsabilidade do Estado por omissão judicial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-02122016-082200/.
Full textAbstract:
A presente dissertação aborda a problemática questão da responsabilidade do Estado por omissões judiciais em seus diversos aspectos. Apresenta um panorama geral do papel e da função do instituto da responsabilidade extracontratual do Estado concebido dentro de um sistema amplo de controle e responsabilidade em sentido amplo do Poder Judiciário e da magistratura, sobretudo no sistema brasileiro. Examina a tipologia dos atos oriundos do Poder Judiciário para fins da incidência da responsabilidade estatal. Analisa a responsabilidade do Estado em face dos atos jurisdicionais e não jurisdicionais do Poder Judiciário. Estuda separadamente cada requisito da responsabilidade do Estado por omissão. Traça as peculiaridades de cada um desses requisitos considerando as peculiaridades da atividade judiciária. Propõe e delimita, com enfoque (mas não exclusivamente) no processo cível, oito espécies de omissões judiciais passíveis de gerar a responsabilidade do Estado. Enfrenta, dentre essas espécies, a questão da denegação de justiça e morosidade judicial. Trata da responsabilidade pessoal do magistrado e demais servidores. Discorre sobre a relação dessa responsabilidade com a do Estado. E, por fim, expõe algumas questões processuais relacionadas a tais ações.This dissertation addresses the highly problematic issue regarding liability of the State on court omissions in its various aspects. It provides an overview of the role and function of the liability of the State in torts considering the Brazilian broad control system of judicial acts. This work deals with specific types of acts related to liability of the State in the Judiciary, by analyzing the liability on judicial and non-judicial acts. It also studies each aspect of the liability of the State on court omissions considering the peculiarities of the judicial activity. Another point is the effort to clearly define eight species of court omissions focusing (but not exclusively) in Civil Procedure Law and the attempt to deal with issues related to justice denial and judicial delay. It studies judge and judicial employees accountability and the discussion related to this judicial accountability and the State. Finally, it presents some procedural issues related to such actions.
37
Ivankovic, Lucy. "A matter of confidence : an exploration of how magistrates' confidence in youth offending team service provision can make a difference to decision-making in the youth courts." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/220895.
Full textAbstract:
The vast majority of children and young people appearing in criminal courts in England and Wales are sentenced through a youth court by lay magistrates. The magistrates court deals with 96% of all criminal cases in England and Wales and it is lay magistrates who decide on questions of fact, and sentence those convicted in 91% of these cases. Therefore, how Youth Offending Teams (YOTs) and magistrates work together is a matter of interest. This research explores the extent to which magistrates' confidence in the YOT's service provision can make a difference to the decisions made with regards to bail/remand, sentencing, enforcement and revocation on grounds of good progress. Furthermore, the research considers how YOTs might improve the confidence of magistrates in their service provision and makes recommendations for practice in this regard.
38
Malila, Ikanyeng Stonto. "A comparative study of normative aspects of the (criminal) trial process in customary and magistrate courts in Botswana, with specific reference to the structure of discretion of judges in sentencing matters." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24890.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a comparative study of outcomes of the criminal process in customary and magistrate courts in Botswana with specific reference to sentencing outcomes. The main objective of the study was to determine whether differences in the structure of the sentencing discretion of judges of customary and magistrate courts as regards the types and combinations of punishments they may impose in respect of any offence triable in either type of court resulted in the imposition of unjustifiably dissimilar punishments for similar offences. Accordingly, the study examined and compared disposals and sentencing patterns of the customary and magistrate courts more generally, and more specifically the use and severity of multiple punishment(s) awarded by the two courts in respect of similar offences in the period 1991-2001. The primary hypothesis was substantially, if only partially supported, in so far as it assumed that differences in the use and severity of multiple punishments could be explained primarily in terms of differences in the discretion of the judges as regards combinations of punishments they may employ against any particular triable-either-way offence. The study found that, though some of the differences in types and combinations of multiple punishments deployed by the two courts could be attributed to differences in the structure of the discretion as to combination of punishments as postulated, some could not be explained in those terms despite the apparent exclusive use by one type of court as against the other of particular combinations of multiple punishments. Nevertheless, the study found that when customary courts employed multiple punishments, they tended to punish more severely than magistrate courts did similar offences. This was evident from the following general patterns: (a) the variety of punishment combinations deployed by customary courts exceeded those employed by magistrate courts, sometimes by a very wide margin (b) it was not unusual for the average number of multiple punishments used to punish a single offence in customary courts to exceed three whereas those deployed by magistrate courts rarely exceeded two (c)customary courts registered the highest severity scores across all offence groups considered (d) the severity score differentials ranged from large to very large. Taken together, these differences amounted to unjustifiable disparities between the sentencing outcomes of the two courts.
39
Gundogdu, Ismail. "The Ottoman Ulema Group And State Of Practicing." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610431/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, it is aimed to analyze the learned (ilmiye) group that was important part of the military class of the Ottoman Empire and the ilmiye group had three important members. They were judges (kadis), professors (müderrises) and muftis (mü
ftü
s) and they were analyzed from the beginning to the end of the career line as a dynamic process. Due to the vast nature of the subject, one needed to delimit the research in terms of time and space. In that regard, it was chosen the 18th century and the districts belonging to the Anatolian kazâ
skerlik (chief justice). Due also to the impossibility to cover the whole Ottoman eras of six hundred years, the eighteenth century was chosen, the period following the classical period and preceding the era of modernization. This was because the 18th century was the era when the classical institutions of the Ottoman Empire could no longer resist the forces of change. The extent of changes, which took place in this century, might constitute a topic for other researches. On the other hand, the need to delimit the area of research to the Anatolian chief justice (kazâ
skerlik) was a result of technical and methodological necessity.
40
Vernier, Dominique. "Jury et démocratie : une liaison fructueuse ? : l'exemple de la cour d'assises française." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00262251.
Full textAbstract:
L'objet de cette thèse est d'analyser le jury comme institution politique et d'explorer ses rapports éventuels avec le régime démocratique. L'approche se veut pluridisciplinaire, mobilisant histoire, sociologie et science politique ; et la démarche adoptée est autant macro-sociale, avec la recherche d'une corrélation entre le recours aux jurés pour juger des crimes et l'existence d'un régime démocratique, que micro-sociale, à travers l'analyse d'une juridiction, la cour d'assises française, et de ses acteurs. La thèse tente de répondre à la question relative à l'existence des liens entre jury et démocratie, de deux façons. D'une part en interrogeant trois réformes dont a été l'objet cette cour :1941, l'introduction des magistrats dans la salle où délibéraient seuls les jurés ; 1978, le recrutement des jurés par tirage au sort ; et 2000/2002, la possibilité offerte au condamné comme au parquet de faire appel des verdicts. Deux de ces réformes améliorent la teneur démocratique tandis que la troisième (1941) réduit le pouvoir autonome des jurés. D'autre part, en offrant la parole à ses acteurs, magistrats et jurés. Bien que placé dans un contexte infériorisant, le juré peut toutefois se retrouver transformé et grandi par une expérience qui fait de lui un citoyen actif portant un regard nouveau sur la justice, le crime et le criminel. Plus défenseurs des jurés que les jurés eux-mêmes, les magistrats disposent de pouvoirs nettement plus importants que ceux des jurés, si bien qu'ils compromettent l'un des principes de base de la démocratie : un homme égale une femme égale une voix.
41
De, Villiers D. W. (Dawid Willem). "A workable debt review process for South Africa : at last?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25022.
Full textAbstract:
The National Credit Act 34 of 2005 and its Regulations came into full effect on 1 June 2007. In order to protect consumers by addressing over-indebtedness, the Act introduces a novel process of debt review in which a new agent, the debt counsellor, plays an important role to help relieve a consumer’s over-indebtedness. However, after the Act commenced, problems soon came to pass with regard to the debt review process. This was mainly due to loopholes and shortcomings in the National Credit Act and its Regulations. The key problems in debt review practice which are identified and analysed in this dissertation, are as follows: - a) The interpretation of “the steps contemplated in section 129” in section 86(2). b) The application for debt review (Form 16 in the Schedule of the Regulations). c) The procedure to be followed when approaching the court. d) The format and contents of the “proposal” mentioned in sections 86 and 87. e) The omission of section 86(7)(c) in section 87. f) The non-provision for consent orders in terms of sections 86(7)(a) and 86(7)(c). e) The non-regulation of payment distribution agencies. f) The termination of debt review by the debt counsellor or a consumer. g) The qualifications, training and expertise of debt counsellors.
Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Private Law
unrestricted
42
Sánchez, Reyes Christian. "The Prohibition of Salary (in Particular) and Economic Content(in General) of Collective Bargaining in Public Employment: An Exercise of Evaluation of Judicial Reasoning." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117480.
Full textAbstract:
From a jurisprudential analysis of several judgments of the Constitutional Court, the author tries to show a new perspective based on a dynamic vision of a Social State and Constitutional Law, which ones require a fundamental presence of judges in the deliberation of court cases related to the prohibition on collective bargaining in the case of public employment, in order to show the scope of axiological protection that labor law should take in situations such as public employment and lack of funds in order to achieve equality between public and private employment , thus avoiding overt discrimination.A partir de un análisis jurisprudencial de diversas sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional, el autor intenta presentar una perspectiva basada en el cambio de visión de un Estado Social y Constitucional de Derecho que exige una presencia fundamental de los jueces en la deliberación de los casos referentes a la prohibición de la negociación colectiva en el caso del empleo público, para con ello demostrar el ámbito de protección axiológica que debe asumir el derecho laboral frente a situaciones como el empleo público y la falta de presupuesto para lograr una igualdad entre los empleos públicos y privados, evitando así, una discriminación manifiesta.
43
Sansico, Virginie. "La répression politique devant les tribunaux de l’Etat français : Lyon, 1940-1944." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/sansico_v.
Full textAbstract:
De son instauration en juillet 1940 à son effondrement quatre ans plus tard, le régime de Vichy n’a eu de cesse de mobiliser la Justice afin d’en faire un instrument de répression au service de ses objectifs politiques. Au cœur du dispositif se trouve le tribunal correctionnel, autour duquel est peu à peu créé un maillage de juridictions d’exception au fonctionnement et aux compétences variés et évolutifs, tels les sections spéciales, le tribunal d’Etat ou les cours martiales. S’y trouvent confrontés tant les ennemis naturels de Vichy, communistes et Juifs, que les éléments jugés déstabilisateurs pour le régime, tels les auteurs de délits d’opinion ou encore les réfractaires au travail obligatoire, et surtout, en nombre croissant, les résistants. L’évolution de ce système répressif se caractérise par une radicalisation progressive. Elle est la fois le fruit d’une logique propre à l’Etat français et d’une adaptation au contexte international. Elle est en outre la conséquence de la montée des oppositions et de la radicalisation de leurs méthodes d’action. Ces différents paramètres amènent le régime de Vichy à accroître les sanctions encourues devant les juridictions répressives tout en restreignant les échappatoires légales. Par ailleurs, l’insatisfaction des autorités face à une action jugée toujours insuffisante des magistrats professionnels les conduit à introduire peu à peu dans le dispositif en place des « juges » non professionnels, choisis sur des critères politiques. Ayant hérité du cadre judiciaire de la troisième République duquel il s’est tout d’abord accommodé, l’Etat français l’a progressivement remodelé, lui donnant ainsi une identité politique nouvelleFrom his establishment until his collapse four years later, the Vichy regime didn’t stop using Justice as an oppressing tool dedicated to political objectives. At the heart to this system, there is the tribunal correctionnel, around which several courts have been created, as the sections spéciales, the tribunal d’Etat or the cours martiales. Various enemies of Vichy are brought before these courts : natural enemies, like communists and Jews ; people considered as destabilizing persons, like those who had “bad” opinion or those who refused compulsory work ; and, more and more, Resistants. The particularity of this oppressive system was his gradual toughening. This was the consequence of both political evolution proper to the regime and world war two stages. Moreover, Vichy had to conform the judiciary oppressive system to growing oppositions and violent acts that members of the Resistance commited. So he made penalties harsher and harsher, with less and less legal ways to get away. Always dissatisfied with professional judges, he appealed to more and more non professional judges, selected according to their political opinions. Therefore, first using the republican judiciary system, the Vichy regime had restructured this tool step-by-step to give it his own political identity
44
Lee, Shan-Ming. "Le statut et l'évolution du Ministère public : analyse comparée des droits français et taïwanais." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1104.
Full textAbstract:
Le « ministère public » est aussi appelé parquet, expression par la quelle on désigne l'ensemble des magistrats qui dans une juridiction sont chargés a la fois de poursuivre les infractions pour défendre les intérêts de la société, et de protéger l'individu. Les magistrats debouts sont toujours une partie essentielle en matière pénale, parfois en matière civile. D'après les jurisprudences constitutionnelles française et taïwanaise, ils relèvent de l'autorité judiciaire.Mais le péché originel réside dans le principe de la subordination hiérarchique parce qu'il s'oppose au principe de l'indépendance. Ce paradoxe a émergé de l'arrêt de la CEDH, l'arrêt Medvedyev, qui affirmé que les procureurs français ne sont pas une autorité judiciaire. Cet arrêt a entraîné une polémique sur le statut et l'évolution du ministère public français.L'étude de l'institution du ministère public en droit comparé met en relief deux aspects fondamentaux :Le premier est l'aspect organique du ministère public et la deuxième est celui de son évolution.Quelle est à l'heure actuelle la structure du ministère public ? Est-ce que le procureurs vont garder le statut de magistrat ou est-ce qu'il vont évoluer vers un statut administratif après l'arrêt Medvedyev ? Est-ce que le procureurs français et taïwanais appartiendront dans le futur à l'autorité judiciaire ou devront-ils être indépendants ? Quel est l'avenir des ministère public français et taïwanais ?The «prosecution »is also called parquet expression by any means all judges in a jurisdiction which are loaded both prosecute offenses to defend the interests of the society, and protect the individual. Judges are standing still an essential part in criminal matters, sometimes in civil matters. In constitutional jurisprudence after French and Taiwanese, they belong to the judicial authority. But original sin lies in the principle of hierarchical subordination because he opposes the principle of independence. This paradox has emerged from the judgment of the R, judgment Medvedyev, who said the French prosecutors are not judicial. This decision led to a controversy over the status and evolution of ministrère French public.The study of the institution of the prosecution in comparative law highlights two fundamental aspects:The first is the organic aspect of the prosecution and the second is its evolution.What is the current structure of the public ministry?Is that the prosecutors will keep the status of magistrate or is it going to change the administrative status after the case of Medvedyev?Is that the French and Taiwanese prosecutors in the future belong to the judiciary or will they be independent? What is the future of French and Taiwanese prosecutors?
45
Nabais, Ramos Manuel. "Le gouverneur civil au portugal." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40064.
Full textAbstract:
Le gouverneur civil portugais ne cesse d’être, pour les juristes, les politistes et les historiens, une sourceconstante d’interrogations. Établi en 1832 par José Xavier MOUZINHO da SILVEIRA avec le titre de prefeito, puisen 1835 avec celui de gouverneur civil, en même temps que la création du district en tant que division administrativedu territoire, il a été, dès ses origines, fortement inspiré du préfet français. L’institution a été instaurée dans laperspective de créer une séparation entre les fonctions juridictionnelles et administratives, lesquelles relevaient descomarcas. De même, il s’agissait de doter le pouvoir royal d’une réelle structure politique à l’échelon local. Par lasuite, les Codes administratifs successifs, révisés ou adoptés quasiment à chaque alternance politique, avantl’avènement de l’État Nouveau et la Constitution Politique de 1933, n’ont pas bouleversé fondamentalement lesattributions de l’institution en tant que représentation locale du pouvoir central, et il a fallu attendre le Codeadministratif de 1940 pour faire du gouverneur civil un acteur essentiel de la vie administrative et politique locale.Après la transition démocratique, qui a fait suite à la Révolution des OEillets du 25 avril 1974, et l’adoption de laConstitution de la République Portugaise de 1976, le gouverneur civil, toujours nommé par le pouvoir central, a étémaintenu à titre transitoire… durant quatre décennies. Depuis l’échec du référendum du 8 novembre 1998, relatif à larégionalisation administrative du territoire, les relations complexes de la classe politique à l’égard de l’institutioncentrale du district se sont toujours inscrites entre perspectives de suppression, volonté de réformes et indécisions. Encela, elles sont révélatrices des atermoiements et des paradoxes de la classe politique qui souhaitait une réforme enprofondeur du gouverneur civil, mais qui maintenait l’institution dans une situation ambiguë. La loi organiquen° 1/2011 du 30 novembre 2011 a disposé que le gouverneur civil était supprimé. En l’absence d’un représentantlocal du pouvoir central on propose une réforme théorique dans laquelle le prefeito régional représenterait l’État dansles régions administratives lorsqu’elles auront été instauréesThe role of the Portuguese Civil Governor remains a constant source of interrogation for lawyers, politicalscientists and historians. It was established in 1832 by José Xavier MOUZINHO da SILVEIRA, under the title ofPrefeito then in 1835 at the time of the creation of the district as an administrative division of the territory, the titlebecame the “Civil Governor”. It was initially inspired by the French Prefect. The institution was founded in anattempt to separate the jurisdictional and administrative functions within the districts. Similarly, the goal was toprovide the royal power with a real political structure at local level. Accordingly, before the advent of the New Stateand the Political Constitution of 1933, the revised and adopted administrative codes, resulting from any politicalchange, did not fundamentally alter the powers of the institution as a local representation of the central power. TheCivil Governor only became a key player in the administration and local politics following the Administrative Codeof 1940. After the democratic transition following the Carnation Revolution (April 25, 1974) and the adoption of theConstitution of the Portuguese Republic in 1976, the Civil Governor, who was always appointed by the centralgovernment, has remained in a transitory state for four decades, more than a third of a century. Since the referendumof November 8th 1998 relating to the administrative regionalization of the territory failed, the complex relationshipsbetween the political class and the central institution of the district have always wavered between the prospect ofsuppression, the desire for reform and indecisiveness. As such these relations revealed the prevarications andparadoxes of the political class which wanted an in depth reform of the Civil Governor’s role while maintaining theinstitution in an ambiguous situation. The organic law n° 1/2011 of November 30th 2011 states that the CivilGovernor is abolished. In the absence of the local representative of the central power, a theoretical reform is proposedwhere the regional Prefeito represents the State in the administrative regions once they are established
46
Svongoro, Paul Revai. "Court interpreting in Zimbabwe: a descriptive study of consecutively-interpreted rape trials in regional magistrates’ courts." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24429.
Full textAbstract:
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities of the University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in
Translation/Interpreting, 2017This is a linguistic investigation of English and Shona consecutively-interpreted rape trials heard in selected Regional Magistrates’ courts in Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwean magistrates’ courts can be regarded as a special context because, in most trials, the court officials in an English-medium trial also speak the language(s) of the accused/witness, although they conduct the trial in the language of the court, i.e. English. In such a unique context, the interpreter is not the only bilingual participant. This is unlike many other bilingual settings where court officials do not speak the language of the accused/witness. Specifically, the study investigates the contention between, on the one hand, the impression of the role of the interpreter as a translating device, reflected in court interpreters’ guidelines in Zimbabwe and, on the other hand, the reality of the interpreting situation. Focusing on the effect of additions and omissions on source language utterances, the study employs an interdisciplinary approach which draws from interpreting studies approaches, discourse analytic approaches and corpus-based interpreting studies to investigate interpreted courtroom discourse. The main source of data is question/answer transcripts of consecutively-interpreted rape trials heard at two regional magistrates’ courts in Zimbabwe, making the study principally linguistic although it employs aspects of ethnography. Data from transcripts were supplemented by 92 hours of observation of open court proceedings and structured and semi-structured interviews with court interpreters, magistrates and public prosecutors. The findings presented in this study reveal that, because court interpreters are mindful that their primary goal is to ensure that participants fully understand each other’s communicative intentions, they adopt a strategy for conveying renditions which would ensure that a speaker’s communicative motive, and not only his/her actual words, is available to an end receipient. The resultant interpreted discourse thus reveals some additions and omissions which may impact on the propositional content and style of the source language message. It is possible to argue that the interpreters included these elements based on their intuitive reasoning. The study therefore argues that the presence of additions and omissions in the interpreters’ renditions could be explained in terms of court interpreters’ awareness of the importance of pragmatics and context. In this way, the interpreters’ renditions, as confirmed by my findings, support the expectation that court interpreters are always mindful of the need to convey the speakers’ meaning in full. The study therefore makes a special contribution, from an African point of view, to the debate on interpreters’ role perception by advocating a move towards a more holistic account of dialogue interpreting encounters in which all features are taken into account so that the interpreter’s role is better appreciated. The recommendations the study makes on how various stakeholders can work with interpreters will ultimately enhance the quality of interpreting service provision to ensure that the rights of the people for whom they interpret are safeguarded. Although the findings of this study are based on data from Zimbabwean courtrooms, many of the issues raised in this study would be of interest to other interpreter-mediated courtrooms.
XL2018
47
"New life for historical majestic building: conserving Central Police Station into Magistrates' Court." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891331.
Full textAbstract:
Lui Ho Yin."Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2001-2002, design report."
Content --- p.1
Acknowledgement --- p.3
Project Synopsis --- p.4
Chapter i/ --- Introduction --- p.6
Preface --- p.7
Conservation of Cultural Heritage --- p.8
Reason for conservation --- p.9
Conservation and Urban Renewal --- p.11
Conservation Modes Comparison --- p.13
Chapter ii/ --- Initiation of Project --- p.15
Magistrates' Court in Hong Kong --- p.16
Type of Courts --- p.17
Social Concern toward Legal System in Hong Kong --- p.20
Comparison between Hong Kong and China Legal System --- p.22
Chapter iii/ --- Exploring on Site / Urban --- p.26
Methodology --- p.27
District I: Sheung Wan / Central
District II: Tsim Sha Tsui
District III: Causeway Bay
My Choice
Site Location --- p.32
Examine the characteristic of Site --- p.33
Historical Background --- p.35
Architectural Merits --- p.39
Adjacent Special Areas --- p.40
Chapter iv/ --- Site Analysis --- p.42
Context Analysis --- p.43
Characteristics of Central Police Station Buildings --- p.48
Court of Final Appeal (Former French Mission Building) --- p.62
Chapter vi/ --- Design Guideline --- p.64
Building Users --- p.65
Planning the layout of the magistrates' court --- p.67
Schedule of Accommodation --- p.70
Design Concept --- p.72
Model Photo --- p.76
Chapter vii/ --- Special Study --- p.79
Block A --- p.80
Block B and the other --- p.84
48
Price, Graham. "Remote justice : the Stipendiary Magistrate's Court of the Northwest Territories (1905-1955)." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/15463.
Full text
49
Netshisikuni, Maria Martha. "Challenges facing Thohoyandou Magistrate Court in managing the process of eliminating family violence and child abuse." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/403.
Full text
50
Dlodlo, Andreas. "The Influence of Government policy of sentences in Magistrates' courts : as reflected in sentences relatng to certain sections of the Immorality Act 23 of 1957, dealing in and possession of dagga in contravention of the Abuse of Dependence-producing Substances and Rehabilitation Centres Act 41 of 1971 and the Stock Theft Act 57 of 1959." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5298.
Full text