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1

Doody, David F. "Aerobraking the Magellan spacecraft in Venus orbit." Acta Astronautica 35 (1995): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(94)00214-7.

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2

Ayres, Thomas J., and Larry Bryant. "Training for Spacecraft Technical Analysts." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 19 (October 1989): 1263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301905.

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Deep space missions such as Voyager rely upon a large team of expert analysts who monitor activity in the various engineering subsystems of the spacecraft and plan operations. Senior teammembers generally come from the spacecraft designers, and new analysts receive on-the-job training. Neither of these methods will suffice for the creation of a new team in the middle of a mission, which may be the situation during the Magellan mission. New approaches are recommended, including electronic documentation, explicit cognitive modelling, and coached practice with archived data.
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3

Haas, Brian L., and Durwin A. Schmitt. "Simulated rarefied aerodynamics of the Magellan spacecraft during aerobraking." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 31, no. 6 (November 1994): 980–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.26547.

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4

Haas, Brian L., and William J. Feiereisen. "Particle simulation of rarefied aeropass maneuvers of the Magellan spacecraft." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 31, no. 1 (January 1994): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.26397.

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5

Rault, Didier F. G. "Aerodynamic characteristics of the Magellan spacecraft in the Venus upper atmosphere." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 31, no. 4 (July 1994): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.26475.

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6

Steffes, Paul G., Jon M. Jenkins, Richard S. Austin, Sami W. Asmar, Daniel T. Lyons, Eric H. Seale, and G. Leonard Tyler. "Radio Occultation Studies of the Venus Atmosphere with the Magellan Spacecraft." Icarus 110, no. 1 (July 1994): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1994.1107.

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7

Jenkins, Jon M., Paul G. Steffes, David P. Hinson, Joseph D. Twicken, and G. Leonard Tyler. "Radio Occultation Studies of the Venus Atmosphere with the Magellan Spacecraft." Icarus 110, no. 1 (July 1994): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1994.1108.

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8

Standish, E. M. "Linking the Dynamical Reference frame to the ICRF." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 1 (1998): 310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600020839.

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AbstractThe latest JPL planetary and lunar ephemerides, DE405, are referenced to the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) with an accuracy that approaches 1 mas for the four innermost planets, the sun, and the moon. This has been accomplished mainly by 18 VLBI observations of the Magellan Spacecraft in orbit around Venus. The ephemeris of Jupiter, however, is not well-determined since the various observations are not consistent within each other. The outer four planets continue to rely almost entirely upon optical observations; their ephemeris uncertainties lie in the 100-200 mas range.
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9

Neish, C. D., R. D. Lorenz, and D. P. O'Brien. "The potential for prebiotic chemistry in the possible cryovolcanic dome Ganesa Macula on Titan." International Journal of Astrobiology 5, no. 1 (January 2006): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550406002898.

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New observations of Titan by the Cassini spacecraft suggest the presence of cryovolcanism on the surface. Cryovolcanism has important astrobiological implications, as it provides a means of exposing Titan's organics to liquid water, transforming hydrocarbons and nitriles into more evolved and oxidized prebiotic species. One possible cryovolcano – the 180 km structure Ganesa Macula – resembles the pancake domes seen on Venus by the Magellan spacecraft. To assess the potential of Ganesa Macula for prebiotic chemistry, we estimate its height using radarclinometry and other methods, and calculate the freezing timescale assuming an initially completely liquid dome. Given height constraints of ~200 m to 4 km, we find that liquid water or water–ammonia environments could be sustained in Ganesa Macula for timescales of the order of 102–105 years. These timescales open a window for prebiotic chemistry far wider than can be explored in terrestrial laboratory experiments.
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10

Lindner, H. Greig. "Human Factors Support of Nasa's Safety Directorate on the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) Kennedy Space Center, FL." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 13 (October 1992): 945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203601305.

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A Human Factors Engineering (HFE) pilot project was undertaken by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida in 1991. It is to demonstrate the use of Human Factors in supporting the role of NASA Safety in achieving their objective of reducing the causes of accidents by helping to eliminate error producing situations. The initial phase of this endeavor consisted of a review of the design drawings for the SSPF, identifying all human factors concerns with special emphases on those which affected personnel safety, operational efficiency and hazards which might produce damage to expensive payloads. Where drawings did not completely disclose the characteristics of the intended operations, other facilities at the Kennedy Space Center were visited to obtain “Lessons Learned” insights that could be applied to the drawing critique. As Human Factors concerns and/or Safety issues were identified, they were discussed with the appropriate engineering personnel to effect a workable solution. During the lecture presentation, examples of identified HF & Safety deficiencies will be presented by the use of drawings, photographs in viewgraph form and a video of an accident to the Magellan Spacecraft. Discussion of the findings of the Magellan Spacecraft Mishap Review Board will elaborate on their conclusion that the lack of Human Factors Engineering was a major Contributor to this incident. A video segment showing an advanced and innovative Human Factors (HF) modeling technique will graphically demonstrate the potential application of conducting Human Engineering (HE) evaluations in conjunction with Engineering Prototyping in a Computer Aided Design (CAD) environment.
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11

Briggs, Geoffrey A. "Future Solar System Missions." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 123 (1990): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100077204.

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After a decade long hiatus in launches beyond Earth orbit, NASA’s planetary exploration program is again moving forward, beginning with the Magellan launch to Venus in May 1989 and the Galileo launch to Jupiter in October 1989. These spacecraft will reach their targets in August 1990 and December 1995, respectively. Both are missions of longstanding priority, Magellan to provide the first global high resolution mapping of the cloud-shrouded Venus surface, Galileo to make comprehensive measurements of the Jovian system in follow-up to the 1979/1980 Voyager flybys.Beyond these two missions there are other already approved missions: the Mars Observer for launch in 1992, the Comet Rendezvous and Asteroid Flyby CRAF mission (Fig. 1) for launch in 1995, and the Cassini mission (Figs. 2 and 3) to Saturn and its moon Titan for launch in 1996. The very diversity of these five missions and their targets (Venus, the Jovian system, Mars, comet Kopff, asteroids Gaspra and Ida by Galileo, Hamburga by CRAF, and Maja by Cassini, and the Saturnian system, is indicative of the strategy being pursued in the program: one of deliberate breadth that seeks to explore all three main classes of solar system bodies (the terrestrial planets, the outer giants and their moons, and the primitive small bodies).
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12

Standish, E. M. "Fundamental Arguments of the Current Nutation Theory: Dynamical Reference Frame." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 1 (1998): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600020347.

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The latest JPL planetary and lunar ephemerides, DE405, are now referenced to the ICRF with an accuracy of about 1 mas. This has been accomplished mainly by fitting the ephemerides to 18 VLBI observations of the Magellan Spacecraft in orbit around Venus, 1990-1994, and to 2 VLBI observations of the Phobos Spacecraft in its approach to Mars, 1989. The orientation of DE405 is discussed in more detail elsewhere in this volume (Standish, 1997). Since all of the parameters of the inner solar system are now determined to 1 mas or better, one should be able to extract numerically the fundamental arguments of the nutation theories to the level of 1 mas.There are two ways of extracting the ecliptic, for example, from a numerical ephemeris: 1) one computes the node and obliquity of the instantaneous ecliptic at multiple points in time and then fits these with analytic functions, or 2) one fits an analytical planetary theory to the ephemerides and then computes the node and obliquity from the theory’s parameters. This paper relates a short example using method #1 and concludes that method #2 is probably more preferable.
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13

Acton, C., N. Bachman, B. Semenov, and E. Wright. "SPICE TOOLS SUPPORTING PLANETARY REMOTE SENSING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 13, 2016): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-357-2016.

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NASA's "SPICE"<sup>*</sup> ancillary information system has gradually become the de facto international standard for providing scientists the fundamental observation geometry needed to perform photogrammetry, map making and other kinds of planetary science data analysis. SPICE provides position and orientation ephemerides of both the robotic spacecraft and the target body; target body size and shape data; instrument mounting alignment and field-of-view geometry; reference frame specifications; and underlying time system conversions. <br><br> SPICE comprises not only data, but also a large suite of software, known as the SPICE Toolkit, used to access those data and subsequently compute derived quantities–items such as instrument viewing latitude/longitude, lighting angles, altitude, etc. <br><br> In existence since the days of the Magellan mission to Venus, the SPICE system has continuously grown to better meet the needs of scientists and engineers. For example, originally the SPICE Toolkit was offered only in Fortran 77, but is now available in C, IDL, MATLAB, and Java Native Interface. SPICE calculations were originally available only using APIs (subroutines), but can now be executed using a client-server interface to a geometry engine. Originally SPICE "products" were only available in numeric form, but now SPICE data visualization is also available. <br><br> The SPICE components are free of cost, license and export restrictions. Substantial tutorials and programming lessons help new users learn to employ SPICE calculations in their own programs. The SPICE system is implemented and maintained by the Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF)–a component of NASA's Planetary Data System (PDS). <br><br> <sup>*</sup> Spacecraft, Planet, Instrument, Camera-matrix, Events
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14

Acton, C., N. Bachman, B. Semenov, and E. Wright. "SPICE TOOLS SUPPORTING PLANETARY REMOTE SENSING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 13, 2016): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b4-357-2016.

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NASA's "SPICE"&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; ancillary information system has gradually become the de facto international standard for providing scientists the fundamental observation geometry needed to perform photogrammetry, map making and other kinds of planetary science data analysis. SPICE provides position and orientation ephemerides of both the robotic spacecraft and the target body; target body size and shape data; instrument mounting alignment and field-of-view geometry; reference frame specifications; and underlying time system conversions. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; SPICE comprises not only data, but also a large suite of software, known as the SPICE Toolkit, used to access those data and subsequently compute derived quantities–items such as instrument viewing latitude/longitude, lighting angles, altitude, etc. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; In existence since the days of the Magellan mission to Venus, the SPICE system has continuously grown to better meet the needs of scientists and engineers. For example, originally the SPICE Toolkit was offered only in Fortran 77, but is now available in C, IDL, MATLAB, and Java Native Interface. SPICE calculations were originally available only using APIs (subroutines), but can now be executed using a client-server interface to a geometry engine. Originally SPICE "products" were only available in numeric form, but now SPICE data visualization is also available. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; The SPICE components are free of cost, license and export restrictions. Substantial tutorials and programming lessons help new users learn to employ SPICE calculations in their own programs. The SPICE system is implemented and maintained by the Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF)–a component of NASA's Planetary Data System (PDS). &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; Spacecraft, Planet, Instrument, Camera-matrix, Events
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15

Ripepi, V., R. Molinaro, I. Musella, M. Marconi, S. Leccia, and L. Eyer. "Reclassification of Cepheids in the Gaia Data Release 2." Astronomy & Astrophysics 625 (April 30, 2019): A14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834506.

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Context. Classical Cepheids are the most important primary indicators for the extragalactic distance scale. Establishing the precise zero points of their period-luminosity and period-Wesenheit (PL/PW) relations has profound consequences on the estimate of H0. Type II Cepheids are also important distance indicators and tracers of old stellar populations. Aims. The recent Data Release 2 (DR2) of the Gaia spacecraft includes photometry and parallaxes for thousands of classical and Type II Cepheids. We seek to review the classification of Gaia DR2 Cepheids and to derive precise PL/PW for the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) and Galactic Cepheids. Methods. We adopted information from the literature and the Gaia astrometry and photometry to assign DR2 Galactic Cepheids to the classical, anomalous, and Type II Cepheids classes. Results. We reclassified the DR2 Galactic Cepheids and derived new precise PL/PW relations in the Gaia passbands for the MCs and Milky Way Cepheids. We investigated for the first time the dependence on metallicity of the PW relation for classical Cepheids in the Gaia bands, finding inconclusive results. Conclusions. According to our analysis, the zero point of the Gaia DR2 parallaxes as estimated from classical and Type II Cepheids seems likely to be underestimated by ∼0.07 mas, which agrees with recent literature. The next Gaia data releases are expected to fix this zero point offset to allow eventually a determination of H0 to less than 1%.
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16

Clementini, G., V. Ripepi, R. Molinaro, A. Garofalo, T. Muraveva, L. Rimoldini, L. P. Guy, et al. "Gaia Data Release 2." Astronomy & Astrophysics 622 (January 28, 2019): A60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833374.

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Context. The Gaia second Data Release (DR2) presents a first mapping of full-sky RR Lyrae stars and Cepheids observed by the spacecraft during the initial 22 months of science operations. Aims. The Specific Objects Study (SOS) pipeline, developed to validate and fully characterise Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars (SOS Cep&RRL) observed by Gaia, has been presented in the documentation and papers accompanying the Gaia first Data Release. Here we describe how the SOS pipeline was modified to allow for processing the Gaia multi-band (G, GBP, and GRP) time-series photometry of all-sky candidate variables and produce specific results for confirmed RR Lyrae stars and Cepheids that are published in the DR2 catalogue. Methods. The SOS Cep&RRL processing uses tools such as the period–amplitude and the period–luminosity relations in the G band. For the analysis of the Gaia DR2 candidates we also used tools based on the GBP and GRP photometry, such as the period–Wesenheit relation in (G, GRP). Results. Multi-band time-series photometry and characterisation by the SOS Cep&RRL pipeline are published in Gaia DR2 for 150 359 such variables (9575 classified as Cepheids and 140 784 as RR Lyrae stars) distributed throughout the sky. The sample includes variables in 87 globular clusters and 14 dwarf galaxies (the Magellanic Clouds, 5 classical and 7 ultra-faint dwarfs). To the best of our knowledge, as of 25 April 2018, the variability of 50 570 of these sources (350 Cepheids and 50 220 RR Lyrae stars) has not been reported before in the literature, therefore they are likely new discoveries by Gaia. An estimate of the interstellar absorption is published for 54 272 fundamental-mode RR Lyrae stars from a relation based on the G-band amplitude and the pulsation period. Metallicities derived from the Fourier parameters of the light curves are also released for 64 932 RR Lyrae stars and 3738 fundamental-mode classical Cepheids with periods shorter than 6.3 days.
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17

"Spacecraft Magellan's initial radar images show surprisingly active Venus." Chemical & Engineering News 68, no. 40 (October 1990): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n040.p005a.

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