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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Hart, BT, EM Ottaway, and BN Noller. "Magela Creek system, Northern Australia. II. Material budget for the floodplain." Marine and Freshwater Research 38, no. 6 (1987): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9870861.

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A materials budget was estimated for the Magela Creek system during the 1982-83 wet season. This tropical system in northern Australia consists largely of a well-defined creek (Magela Creek contributes approximately 50% of the total inflow to the floodplain) flowing into an extensive wetlands area and then into the East Alligator River. Intensive sampling of creek water, rainfall and water flowing from the system provided the data base for the budget calculations. The annual transport of both dissolved and particulate matter by Magela Creek (area 600 km2) is very low, even when compared with other low-relief tropical systems. The annual load transported during 1982-83 was 1260 t (21 kg ha-1) of dissolved salts and 2330 t (39 kg ha-1) of particulate matter. Rainfall appeared to contribute all the sodium, potassium and chloride, and part of the calcium (c. 30%) and magnesium (25%) transported during the 1982-83 wet season by Magela Creek. Most of the manganese (c. 60%) (and probably iron) was contributed from weathering processes occurring in the catchment. Only small amounts of the trace metals copper, lead, zinc and uranium were transported by the creek. During the 1982-83 wet season, more trace metals were contributed in rainfall than transported from the catchment by the creek. However, this is probably atypical and resulted from dust particles that had entered the atmosphere in greater numbers due to the extended dry season. The vast bulk of the nutrients (total P 93%, NO3- N 86%, NH4+ N 98%) added to the catchment by rainfall was removed by the catchment, probably via uptake by the vegetation. Consequently, the creek transported only very small amounts of nutrients to the floodplain. An input-output budget for the Magela floodplain was calculated. The uncertainty in the net amounts deposited or released from the floodplain was estimated using a new quantitative method developed for this purpose. The uncertainties in the net values estimated were high, ranging from around 30% for bicarbonate to 500% for uranium. These data suggest that the Magela floodplain is a net source of the major ions (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate and bicarbonate) and also of iron, and a net sink for suspended solids, nutrients (total phosphorus, nitrate and ammonia) and manganese. The floodplain also appears to be a net sink for the trace metals copper, lead, zinc and uranium.

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2

Erskine, W. D., M. J. Saynor, K. Turner, T. Whiteside, J. Boyden, and K. G. Evans. "Do suspended sediment and bedload move progressively from the summit to the sea along Magela Creek, northern Australia?" Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 367 (March 3, 2015): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-367-283-2015.

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Abstract. Soil erosion rates on plots of waste rock at Ranger uranium mine and basin sediment yields have been measured for over 30 years in Magela Creek in northern Australia. Soil erosion rates on chlorite schist waste rock are higher than for mica schist and weathering is also much faster. Sediment yields are low but are further reduced by sediment trapping effects of flood plains, floodouts, billabongs and extensive wetlands. Suspended sediment yields exceed bedload yields in this deeply weathered, tropical landscape, but the amount of sand transported greatly exceeds that of silt and clay. Nevertheless, sand is totally stored above the topographic base level. Longitudinal continuity of sediment transport is not maintained. As a result, suspended sediment and bedload do not move progressively from the summit to the sea along Magela Creek and lower Magela Creek wetlands trap about 90.5% of the total sediment load input.

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3

Hart, BT, BN Noller, C. Legras, and N. Currey. "Manganese speciation in Magela Creek, northern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 2 (1992): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9920421.

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The speciation of Mn has been studied in Magela Creek, a tropical river in northern Australia containing water characterized by low pH, high temperature and extremely low ionic strength. Low concentrations (about 2-5�g L-1) of soluble Mn (i.e. filtration size <0.02�m) are typically found in these waters during the wet season, the main natural sources apparently being rainwater and groundwater. An additional source of soluble Mn has been identified, possibly being seepage from a mine retention pond. Rather surprisingly, the concentration of colloidal Mn (0.4-0.02�m) was almost three times higher than that of soluble Mn and was correlated with it. The primary process controlling the concentration of soluble Mn in this system appears to be rapid adsorption of soluble Mn to existing colloidal matter, followed by slower transfer of part of this surface-bound Mn to the interior of the colloid. Colloidal Mn is postulated to have a particularly long lifetime in this system because the removal process (aggregation to form particulate Mn) would be slow due to the extremely low concentrations of Ca and Mg ions during the wet season. A mixing experiment, undertaken to provide information on the possible fate of Mn in a mine retention pond if this wastewater should be discharged to the creek, clearly showed that Mn would be rapidly removed from the water column via colloidal and particulate forms. The precise mechanism was shown to be complex, depending upon the amount and characteristics of the colloidal and particulate matter present at the time of discharge, the changes in the Ca and Mg concentrations (which would influence the rate of aggregation), and the amount of turbulence in the creek.

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4

Erskine, Wayne D., M. J. Saynor, J. M. Boyden, and K. G. Evans. "Sediment fluxes and sinks for Magela Creek, Northern Territory, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 7 (2018): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16107.

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Sediment fluxes and sinks based on total sediment load for Magela Creek in the Australian wet–dry tropics have been constructed from detailed measurements of stream suspended sediment (turbidity and suspended sand) and bed load for the 10-year period, 2001–2002 to 2010–2011. This work shows that the sediment trap efficiency of the vegetated wetlands on lower Magela is high at ~89.5%. Sediment fluxes are the lowest in the world because of low soil erosion rates and because upstream floodplains and downstream wetlands trap and store sediment. Bedload yields are less than suspended sediment yields, but the amount of silt and clay is much less than the amount of sand (suspended sand and bedload). All sand is stored upstream of the East Alligator River. Downstream connectivity of sediment movement does not occur. Therefore, sediment moves discontinuously from the upper to the lower catchment.

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5

Tait, Russell D. "Macroinvertebrate communities of Magela Creek billabongs, Northern Territory, Australia." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 23, no. 2 (August 1988): 1080–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1987.11899771.

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6

Outridge, PM. "Seasonal and spatial variations in benthic macroinvertebrate communities of Magela Creek, Northern Territory." Marine and Freshwater Research 39, no. 2 (1988): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9880211.

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This study examined seasonal and spatial patterns of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in four billabongs and a perennial stream riffle in the Magela Creek catchment, Northern Territory. Chironomids, coleopterans, trichopterans and hydracarina were the most diverse and abundant taxa, although the mussel Velesunio angasi contributed over 98% of total standing crop in most billabongs. Diversity and standing crop were usually higher in littoral than in profundal areas of two shallow billabongs, probably because of the presence of macrophytes. Diversity, abundance and biomass declined sharply over the dry season, from maxima in May-July to minima in December. Recovery in the early wet season was rapid, commencing after the first creek flows in December. The decline and recovery were closely associated with the availability of sediment organic matter, which reflected inputs of mainly allochthonous (terrestrial) detritus over the wet season followed by losses due to intense microbial breakdown. Microbial respiration also seemed related to declines in benthic communities in the latter half of the wet season, by producing hypolimnetic anoxia during periods of reduced creek flow.

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7

Hart, BT, EM Ottaway, and BN Noller. "Magela Creek system, northern Australia. I. 1982-83 wet-season water quality." Marine and Freshwater Research 38, no. 2 (1987): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9870261.

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The particularly late wet season in 1982-83 provided a unique opportunity to study the dry-to-wet season transition in Magela Creek, a tropical creek and wetlands system in northern Australia. The first water to flow down and across the floodplain was characteristically quite acidic (pH c. 4-5), with a high conductivity (c. 750 �S cm-1) and high sulfate concentration (c. 200 mg I-1). The source of the sulfate, acidity and dissolved salts is groundwater brought to the surface (mainly in depressions on the floodplain, e.g. pools and channels) by rising watertables, and then flushed from these by the slowly advancing flood waters. The end of the dry season is a time of particular stress for the biota living in these billabongs, and many fish kills have been noted at around the time this 'first flush' water enters. In most years, this poor-quality water would be rapidly flushed out, in a few days at the most, from the billabongs by subsequent flood- flows down Magela Creek. However, in 1983, the next flood event did not occur until almost 1 month after the first flush had occurred. During the main wet season, the water transported by Magela Creek was slightly acidic (mean pH 5,2), with a very low conductivity (c. 5-17 �S cm-1) and low concentrations of suspended solids (c. 4-59 mg I-1), major ions and trace metals (iron, manganese, copper, lead, zinc, uranium). There was a general decrease in the mean concentration of each determin and with each succeeding flood event. This was most noticeable in the case of suspended solids and conductivity, and was attributed to an 'exhaustion effect' where greater amounts of suspended solids and soluble salts (in the upper soil layers) were available in the early part of the wet season. The composition of the creek water was very similar to that of rainwater falling in the catchment, with two major exceptions. First, the rainwater was considerably more acidic (pH 3.6-4.9), due mainly to the presence of weak organic acids such as formic and acetic acids. This acidic rainwater was partially neutralized by interaction with catchment soils. Second, the concentrations of all nutrients (total phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen and ammonia-nitrogen) were considerably higher in the rainwater. There was a significant removal (over 90%) of phosphorus, ammonia and nitrate from the rainwater, probably due to uptake by the ground vegetation known to proliferate in the catchment during the wet season. Factor analysis indicated that dilution of the base flow, presumably by surface runoff of rainwater, was the dominant component during both the rising and falling stages of each flood event. Radionuclide activity in composite water samples taken over the five flood events revealed that the total activity of both 226Ra and 210Pb was low, with greater than 58% of both radionuclides being in filterable forms.

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8

Noller, Barry N., and Barry T. Hart. "Uranium in sediments from the Magela Creek catchment, northern territory, Australia." Environmental Technology 14, no. 7 (July 1993): 649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593339309385334.

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9

Finlayson, C. M., I. D. Cowie, and B. J. Bailey. "Sediment seedbanks in grassland on the Magela Creek floodplain, northern Australia." Aquatic Botany 38, no. 2-3 (November 1990): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(90)90003-4.

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10

Hart, B. T., E. M. Ottaway, and B. N. Noller. "Nutrient and trace metal fluxes in the Magela Creek system, Northern Australia." Ecological Modelling 31, no. 1-4 (May 1986): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(86)90067-0.

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11

Mihail Vardavas, Ilias. "A simple groundwater recharge-depletion model for the tropical Magela Creek catchment." Ecological Modelling 68, no. 3-4 (August 1993): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(93)90014-j.

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12

Hart, Barry T., and Ronald Beckett. "The composition of suspended particulate matter from the Magela Creek system, northern Australia." Environmental Technology Letters 7, no. 1-12 (January 1986): 613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593338609384452.

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13

Dostine, P. L., C. L. Humphrey, R. M. Paltridge, and A. J. Boulton. "Macroinvertebrate recolonization after re-wetting of a tropical seasonally-flowing stream (Magela Creek, Northern Territory, Australia)." Marine and Freshwater Research 48, no. 7 (1997): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97059.

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Magela Creek, a tropical stream in northern Australia, dries out for most of its length for approximately 6 months of the year. At the end of the dry season, the macroinvertebrate fauna of the perennial upper reaches and lowland billabongs were sampled, as well as resting stages of the fauna in the dry sandy streambed. With the resumption of wet-season flow, drift and benthos were sampled from three sites along the sand tract of the creek over the ensuing four weeks. Recolonization commenced rapidly after first flow. Most taxa were derived from the perennial upper reaches through drift, but contributions from an adjacent billabong and resting stages in the substratum were important in the early stages of species establishment at the most downstream site. The dry sandy sediments were also a significant refuge for microcrustaceans. On the basis of this work and a review of other research, it is concluded that the significance of dry-season refuges to recolonization of temporary streams when flow resumes is governed by the nature of the substratum, the severity of the dry season and the proximity of the stream to permanent waters.

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14

Hart, Barry T., Grant B. Douglas, Ronald Beckett, Annick Van Put, and Rene E. Van Grieken. "Characterization of colloidal and particulate matter transported by the magela creek system, Northern Australia." Hydrological Processes 7, no. 1 (January 1993): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360070111.

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15

Tooth, S., J. D. Jansen, G. C. Nanson, T. J. Coulthard, and T. Pietsch. "Riparian vegetation and the late Holocene development of an anabranching river: Magela Creek, northern Australia." Geological Society of America Bulletin 120, no. 7-8 (July 1, 2008): 1021–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b26165.1.

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16

Vardavas, Ilias Mihail. "A simple water balance daily rainfall-runoff model with application to the tropical Magela Creek catchment." Ecological Modelling 42, no. 3-4 (September 1988): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(88)90060-9.

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17

Sauerland, C., P. Martin, and C. Humphrey. "Radium-226 in Magela Creek, northern Australia: Application of protection limits from radiation for humans and biota." Radioprotection 40 (May 2005): S451—S456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro:2005s1-066.

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18

Nanson, Gerald C., T. Jon East, and Richard G. Roberts. "Quaternary stratigraphy, geochronology and evolution of the Magela Creek catchment in the monsoon tropics of northern Australia." Sedimentary Geology 83, no. 3-4 (March 1993): 277–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(93)90017-y.

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19

STABEN, GRANT W., and KENNETH G. EVANS. "Estimates of tree canopy loss as a result of Cyclone Monica, in the Magela Creek catchment northern Australia." Austral Ecology 33, no. 4 (June 2008): 562–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01911.x.

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20

Bollhöfer, Andreas, Jenny Brazier, Chris Humphrey, Bruce Ryan, and Andrew Esparon. "A study of radium bioaccumulation in freshwater mussels, Velesunio angasi, in the Magela Creek catchment, Northern Territory, Australia." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 102, no. 10 (October 2011): 964–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.04.001.

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21

Hart, Barry T., Nicholas A. Currey, and Michael J. Jones. "Biogeochemistry and effects of copper, manganese and zinc added to enclosures in Island Billabong, Magela Creek, northern Australia." Hydrobiologia 230, no. 2 (March 1992): 93–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00006129.

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22

Hess, L. L., and J. M. Melack. "Remote sensing of vegetation and flooding on Magela Creek Floodplain (Northern Territory, Australia) with the SIR-C synthetic aperture radar." Hydrobiologia 500, no. 1-3 (June 2003): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1024665017985.

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23

MOLIERE, DENE R., and KENNETH G. EVANS. "Development of Trigger Levels to Assess Catchment Disturbance on Stream Suspended Sediment Loads in the Magela Creek Catchment, Northern Territory, Australia." Geographical Research 48, no. 4 (February 24, 2010): 370–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2010.00641.x.

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24

Brodie, Jon E., and Alan W. Mitchell. "Nutrients in Australian tropical rivers: changes with agricultural development and implications for receiving environments." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 3 (2005): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04081.

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In tropical Australia, intensive studies of river suspended sediment (SS) and nutrient dynamics have been restricted to streams on the north-east coast between the Fitzroy and Normanby Rivers (Queensland), Magela Creek/East Alligator River (Northern Territory) and the Ord River (Western Australia). Historical conditions in these rivers were probably characterised by low–moderate SS concentrations and low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in flow events. Introduction of agriculture has transformed SS and nutrient dynamics. Grazing has led to soil erosion and increased SS and particulate nutrient concentrations and fluxes in event flows. Fertilised cropping has increased nutrient inputs to catchments, where it forms a substantial proportion of the catchment area. Consequently, both particulate and dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations and fluxes have increased. Australian tropical rivers have episodic flows, with most material transport occurring during large flow events. The restricted period of these highly energetic flows means little trapping of materials in waterways occurs. Loads are transported efficiently downstream and processes such as denitrification and in-channel sedimentation may be of limited importance. Owing to excessive nutrient inputs associated with agriculture, a number of northern freshwater, estuarine and coastal ecosystems are now eutrophic. Continued development, especially fertilised cropping, without adequate management of nutrient losses is likely to exacerbate these problems.

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25

Bartolo, Renee E., Andrew J. Harford, Chris L. Humphrey, Amy K. George, and Rick A. van Dam. "Defining the importance of ecological processes for monitoring aquatic habitats for conservation and rehabilitation objectives at the Ranger uranium mine, Kakadu Region, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 7 (2018): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17256.

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Key ecological processes must be present and maintained in ecosystems to ensure the success of ecological restoration and conservation programs. The present paper identifies and defines key ecological processes operating at various spatial scales within aquatic ecosystems of the Magela Creek catchment, within Kakadu National Park, and prioritises those that may be vulnerable to potential mine-derived stressors. This assessment was required to ensure that current and future environmental monitoring programs are in place to safeguard the protection of these processes, particularly in the context of rehabilitation of Ranger uranium mine. Ecological processes within riparian habitats and biotic interactions across all habitats were at a higher risk of exposure to potential stressors. Generally, the selected assessment endpoints used for the operational phase of the mine are sufficient to measure and assess ecological processes. However, biological endpoints require additional suitable early detection indicators because marked lags exist in their response, which will be more important during the rehabilitation phase of the mine because of the longer timeframes to be assessed. The lags would otherwise allow potential impacts to underpinning processes to pass undetected. Risk identification allows monitoring programs to move beyond simple measurement variables to full evaluation of underlying ecological processes, which maintain both structure and function in ecosystems.

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26

McBride, TP, and BN Noller. "Sampling techniques for reliable determination of trace metals in macrophytes and periphyton." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 7 (1995): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9951047.

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Sampling techniques were developed to measure trace-metal concentrations reliably in the shoots of a submerged macrophyte, Najas tenuifolia, and its attached periphyton growing in the Magela Creek flood plain in monsoonal northern Australia. At each site, 30 samples were collected within an 8-m by 8-m quadrat in a pattern of five samples from each of six irregularly spaced points. Samples were collected underwater to include all periphyton present, and precautions were taken at all stages of processing to avoid contamination. Periphyton was dislodged for separate chemical analysis by sonication followed by vigorous shaking. A significant aspect was the large amount of periphyton, up to 35% of the total sample dry weight, associated with the Najas sp. Only a proportion, up to 43%, of this periphyton could be dislodged by the physical procedures used. Trace metals were generally not present in the same concentrations in both the Najas sp. and the periphyton. The average trace-metal concentrations (μg g-1 dry weight) and standard errors measured in the Najas sp. (and periphyton) were cadmium 0.24 � 0.013 (0.093 � 0.012), copper 5.2� 0.25 (12 � 0.74), lead 0.93 � 0.084 (6.5 � 0.43), manganese 2500 � 110 (1500 � 110), uranium 0.24 � 0.023 (0.27 � 0.030), and zinc 38 � 1.0 (23 � 1.5). The significant differences in Najas sp. and periphyton trace-metal concentrations show the need to consider the effect of periphyton when sampling and reporting trace-metal concentrations in submerged macrophytes.

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27

Nair, Devika, K. G. Evans, Sean Bellairs, and M. R. Narayan. "Stream Suspended Mud as an Indicator of Post-Mining Landform Stability in Tropical Northern Australia." Water 13, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13223172.

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Mining can cause environmental disturbances and thus mined lands must be managed properly to avoid detrimental impacts in the future. They should be rehabilitated in such a way that post mining landforms behave similarly as the surrounding stable undisturbed areas. A challenge for government regulators and mine operators is setting closure criteria for assessment of the stability of the elevated post-mining landforms. Stability of a landform is often measured by the number and incision depth of gullies. This can assess mass stability and bulk movement of coarse material. However, there is a need for a more sensitive approach to assess catchment disturbances using the concept of waves of fine suspended sediment and thus determine the dynamics of recovery of a post mining landform. A more environmentally meaningful approach would be to assess the fine suspended sediment (FSS, silt + clay (0.45 µm < diameter < 63 µm)) leaving the system and entering downstream waterways. We propose assessing stability through relationships between rainfall event loads of FSS and event discharge (Q) in receiving streams. This study used an innovative approach where, instead of using instantaneous FSS concentration, it used total FSS load in waves of sediment driven through the system by rainfall runoff events. High resolution stream monitoring data from 2004 to 2015 in Gulungul and Magela Creeks, Northern Territory, Australia, were used to develop a relationship between sediment wave and event discharge, ∑FSS α f(Q). These creeks are adjacent to and receive runoff from Ranger Mine. In 2008, a 10 ha elevated waste rock landform was constructed and instrumented in the Gulungul Creek catchment. The earthworks required to build the landform created a considerable disturbance in the catchment, making a large volume of disturbed soil and substrate material available for erosion. Between 2008 and 2010, in the first two wet seasons immediately after construction, the downstream monitoring site on Gulungul Creek showed elevated FSS wave loads relative to discharge, compared with the upstream site. From 2010 onwards, the FSS loads relative to Q were no longer elevated. This was due to the establishment of vegetation on the site and loose fine sediment being trapped by vegetation. Large scale disturbance associated with mining and rehabilitation of elevated landforms causes elevated FSS loads in receiving streams. The predicted FSS loads for the stream as per the relationships between FSS and event discharge may not show a 1:1 relation with the observed loads for respective gauging stations. When downstream monitoring shows that FSS wave loads relative to rainfall runoff event discharge reduce back to pre-construction catchment levels, it will indicate that the landform is approaching equilibrium. This approach to assess landform stability will increase the sensitivity of assessing post-mining landform recovery and assist rehabilitation engineers to heal the land and benefit owners of the land to whom it is bestowed after rehabilitation.

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28

Bayliss, P., R. A. van Dam, and R. E. Bartolo. "Quantitative Ecological Risk Assessment of the Magela Creek Floodplain in Kakadu National Park, Australia: Comparing Point Source Risks from the Ranger Uranium Mine to Diffuse Landscape-Scale Risks." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 18, no. 1 (January 2012): 115–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2012.632290.

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29

Jansen, John D., and Gerald C. Nanson. "Anabranching and maximum flow efficiency in Magela Creek, northern Australia." Water Resources Research 40, no. 4 (April 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002408.

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30

Crook, David A., Dion Wedd, Brendan J. Adair, Thomas J. Mooney, Andrew J. Harford, Chris L. Humphrey, John R. Morrongiello, and Alison J. King. "Evaluation and refinement of a fish movement model for a tropical Australian stream subject to mine contaminant egress." Environmental Biology of Fishes, January 20, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01381-y.

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Abstract The impacts of mine contaminants on ecological connectivity in rivers and streams are poorly documented globally. We used acoustic telemetry to evaluate and refine conceptual models of fish movement in Magela Creek, a stream in the wet-dry tropics of Australia. This creek receives wastewater discharge from a nearby uranium mine, and a secondary objective was to describe behavioural responses of fish to one such discharge event. Of 55 fish (black bream Hephaestus fuliginosus, saratoga Scleropages jardinii, sharp-nose grunter Syncomistes butleri) tagged in dry season refuge pools 18 km upstream of the mine lease area (RPA [Ranger Project Area]), 16 (29%) moved downstream after the first wet season flows, using the RPA as habitat for 3–5 months before moving upstream to their previous locations as flows receded. Of 39 fish (spangled perch Leiopotherapon unicolor, barred grunter Amniataba percoides, black catfish Neosilurus ater) tagged ~ 8–12 km downstream of the RPA in the late wet season, only two were subsequently detected in the RPA. Direct and camera-based observations of 12 species of upstream-migrating fish during mine-water discharge in the late wet season showed no evidence of mine-water avoidance. Our results demonstrate that Magela Creek provides wet season habitat for fish within the RPA and acts as a migration pathway that connects lowland reaches and floodplains to upstream dry season refuges. Use by fish of waterbodies within the RPA highlights the need to manage the site to ensure that future contaminant egress and water quality do not adversely affect fish migration and habitat suitability.

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31

Farhan Ul Haque, Muhammad, Marcela Hernández, Andrew T. Crombie, and J. Colin Murrell. "Identification of active gaseous-alkane degraders at natural gas seeps." ISME Journal, March 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-022-01211-0.

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AbstractNatural gas seeps release significant amounts of methane and other gases including ethane and propane contributing to global climate change. In this study, bacterial actively consuming short-chain alkanes were identified by cultivation, whole-genome sequencing, and stable-isotope probing (SIP)-metagenomics using 13C-propane and 13C-ethane from two different natural gas seeps, Pipe Creek and Andreiasu Everlasting Fire. Nearly 100 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) (completeness 70–99%) were recovered from both sites. Among these, 16 MAGs had genes encoding the soluble di-iron monooxygenase (SDIMO). The MAGs were affiliated to Actinobacteria (two MAGs), Alphaproteobacteria (ten MAGs), and Gammaproteobacteria (four MAGs). Additionally, three gaseous-alkane degraders were isolated in pure culture, all of which could grow on ethane, propane, and butane and possessed SDIMO-related genes. Two Rhodoblastus strains (PC2 and PC3) were from Pipe Creek and a Mycolicibacterium strain (ANDR5) from Andreiasu. Strains PC2 and PC3 encoded putative butane monooxygenases (MOs) and strain ANDR5 contained a propane MO. Mycolicibacterium strain ANDR5 and MAG19a, highly abundant in incubations with 13C-ethane, share an amino acid identity (AAI) of 99.3%. We show using a combination of enrichment and isolation, and cultivation-independent techniques, that these natural gas seeps contain a diverse community of active bacteria oxidising gaseous-alkanes, which play an important role in biogeochemical cycling of natural gas.

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