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Journal articles on the topic 'MADYMO'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Happee, R., M. M. Verver, and R. de Lange. "Simulation of Human Seated Postures and Dynamic Seat Interaction in Impact Conditions." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 38 (July 2000): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403849.

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Prediction and assessment of seated postures are essential for ergonomic vehicle design whereas dynamic seat interactions are essential for impact conditions. This paper presents seat models and human models for both applications. An interface has been developed to convert RAMSIS human models and postures to MADYMO. Static seat interaction analyses with RAMSIS provide estimated postures and a qualitative comfort assessment. MADYMO simulations allow analysis of required muscular joint torques as well as seat contact forces and pressures. An example is included where a realistic posture is derived to simulate rearward impact loading.

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2

Tierney, Gregory J., and Ciaran Simms. "Predictive Capacity of the MADYMO Multibody Human Body Model Applied to Head Kinematics During Rugby Union Tackles." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040726.

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Multibody models have not yet been evaluated for reconstructing head kinematics during sports impacts. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to utilise whole-body motion data from twenty upper and mid/lower trunk rugby shoulder tackles recorded in a marker-based 3D motion analysis laboratory to assess the MADYMO human body passive ellipsoid model for head kinematic reconstruction. Head linear and angular velocity during the tackle for the multibody model predictions and 3D motion laboratory measures were recorded for the ball carrier. Examined were the linear and angular velocity, as well as the absolute and percentage differences. For upper trunk tackles, the median percentage error (with quartiles) for the MADYMO predictions were 10% (6% to 45%) and 23% (16% to 39%) for change in head linear and angular velocity, respectively. For mid/lower trunk tackles, the median percentage error (with quartiles) for the MADYMO predictions were 46% (33% to 63%) and 60% (53% to 123%) for change in head linear and angular velocity, respectively. In conclusion, the model is currently unsuitable for reconstruction of head kinematics during individual rugby union tackle cases.

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3

Parent, Daniel, David Tyrell, Benjamin Perlman, and Peter Matthews. "Evaluating Abdominal Injury in Impacts with Workstation Tables." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1908, no. 1 (January 2005): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190800125.

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In rail passenger seating arrangements with workstation tables, there is a risk of serious thoracic and abdominal injury. Strategies to mitigate this injury risk are being developed through a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Federal Railroad Administration and the Rail Safety and Standards Board of the United Kingdom. The approach to developing the protection strategies involves collision investigations, computer simulations of the occupant response, and full-scale testing. During the train collision in Placentia, California, on April 23, 2002, many occupants hit workstation tables. The investigation indicated the likely modes of injury caused by the impact, the most traumatic being damage to the liver and spleen. A MADYMO computer simulation was created to estimate the loads and accelerations imparted on the occupants that brought about these injuries. Two experiments were designed and executed on a full-scale impact test with an occupant environment similar to the Placentia collision. These experiments incorporated advanced anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) with increased abdominal instrumentation. The THOR (test device for human occupant restraint) ATD showed a more humanlike impact response than did the Hybrid III Railway Safety ATD. The full-scale test results are used to refine a MADYMO model of the THOR ATD to evaluate improved workstation tables. The occupant protection strategy that will be developed requires that the table remain rigidly attached to the car body and includes a frangible edge with a force–crush characteristic designed to minimize the abdominal load and compression. MADYMO simulations of this table design show a significantly reduced risk of severe abdominal injury.

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4

Choi, Homin, Jaeki Kim, Inseok Pack, Inyoung Lee, and Seoksoon Lee. "Human Behavior Analysis under Drop Test using MADYMO." International Journal of Aerospace System Engineering 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20910/ijase.2016.3.2.22.

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5

Li, Hai Bin, and Jiang Jiang Li. "The Analysis of Cars and Pedestrians Collision Based on the PC-Crash Program and MADYMO Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 1949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.1949.

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Based on the coupling of PC-Crash program and MADYMO software, thekinematics laws of pedestrian in the contact process for automobile-pedestrian collision are analyzed through modeling and simulation by establishing vehicle model and pedestrian model, and selecting main influencing factors on contact phase as independent variables for simulation tests.

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PARK, S. J., S. W. CHAE, S. H. KIM, K. M. YANG, and H. S. CHUNG. "A STUDY OF THE RECONSTRUCTION OF ACCIDENTS AND CRIME SCENES THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL EXPERIMENTS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2008): 5717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208051066.

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Recently, with an increase in the number of studies of the safety of both pedestrians and passengers, computer software, such as MADYMO, Pam-crash, and LS-dyna, has been providing human models for computer simulation. Although such programs have been applied to make machines beneficial for humans, studies that analyze the reconstruction of accidents or crime scenes are rare. Therefore, through computational experiments, the present study presents reconstructions of two questionable accidents. In the first case, a car fell off the road and the driver was separated from it. The accident investigator was very confused because some circumstantial evidence suggested the possibility that the driver was murdered. In the second case, a woman died in her house and the police suspected foul play with her boyfriend as a suspect. These two cases were reconstructed using the human model in MADYMO software. The first case was eventually confirmed as a traffic accident in which the driver bounced out of the car when the car fell off, and the second case was proved to be suicide rather than homicide.

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7

Park, Jung-Hong, and Kwon Son. "A Simulation Model of the ACL Function Using MADYMO." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 30, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2006.30.11.1408.

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8

박진수, Lim Jong Han, Junkyu Yoon, and 조정권. "MADYMO 해석을 통한 저속 후방추돌시 착좌조건이 목상해에 미치는 영향." Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology 21, no. 1 (February 2019): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17958/ksmt.21.1.201902.76.

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9

Ma, Zhi Xiong, Li Ping Dong, and Xi Chan Zhu. "A Methodology of Side Impact Sled Test in MADYMO." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1110.

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This paper put forward a new methodology of side impact sled test that separated an indoor panel into several parts and parameterized every parts speed curve getting from full scale side MDB impact test and reconstructed every parts motion using parametric speed curve in MADYMO. The advantage of this methodology is that the model validation is simplified and all side dummys injury values according to side impact sled test are very coincident with that according to full scale side MDB impact test.

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10

Mukherjee, S., A. Chawla, A. Nayak, and D. Mohan. "Rollover crashworthiness of a rural transport vehicle using MADYMO." International Journal of Crashworthiness 11, no. 5 (May 2006): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/ijcr.2005.0121.

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11

Choi, Ho-Min, Jae-Ki Kim, In-Seok Pack, In-Young Lee, Dae-Ryeong Kwon, and Seok-Soon Lee. "Injury Assessment and Analysis under Blast Load Using MADYMO." Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14775/ksmpe.2016.16.1.024.

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12

OTA, Shu, Toshiaki SAKURAI, and Tetsuo MAKI. "2E36 Study of Occupant Injury by Restraint Control using MADYMO." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2014.26 (2014): 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2014.26.465.

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13

Mizuno, Koji, and Janusz Kajzer. "Compatibility analysis of Mini cars in frontal collisions using MADYMO." International Journal of Crashworthiness 3, no. 2 (January 1998): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/cras.1998.0066.

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14

Jiang, Chengyue, C. E. Neal-Sturgess, and Yuanzhi Hu. "Kinematics simulation and head injury analysis for rollovers using MADYMO." International Journal of Crashworthiness 15, no. 5 (November 8, 2010): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2010.484190.

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15

Post, Andrew, T. Blaine Hoshizaki, and Michael D. Gilchrist. "Comparison of MADYMO and physical models for brain injury reconstruction." International Journal of Crashworthiness 19, no. 3 (March 12, 2014): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2014.897413.

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16

Liu, Wei Guo, Tao Yu, Han Fang, Frank Zhao, and Qing Kai Han. "An Optimization of Vehicle Frontal System Design for Pedestrian Safety." Advanced Materials Research 505 (April 2012): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.505.434.

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As people paying more attention to the automotive safety performance, the car manufacturers bring steady improvement in the pedestrian protection of vehicle. This paper contains a new type of energy absorber used for lower leg-form impact by concept design method through Madymo (MAthematical DYnamic MOdel). Finally it is validated by full FE analysis. This new type of energy absorber can improve the performance of lower leg-form impact; also provide a design reference for vehicle's frontal system design.

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17

Cuadrado, Joseph, Brian Smyth, James Smith, and Kennerly Digges. "Validation of Sled Tests for Far-Side Occupant Kinematics Using MADYMO." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 3, no. 1 (April 12, 2010): 768–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-1160.

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18

Lim, Sanghyeon, Jonghyuk Kim, Wontaek Oh, Jihun Choi, and Jongchan Park. "A Study on Reconstruction of Vehicle to Pedestrian Accident Using MADYMO." Transaction of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 27, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2019.27.7.543.

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19

Huang, Yue, Albert I. King, and John M. Cavanaugh. "A MADYMO Model of Near-Side Human Occupants in Side Impacts." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 116, no. 2 (May 1, 1994): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895724.

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The protection of automotive occupants against broadside collisions is of current interest due to the implementation of a new Federal standard on side impact. There is controversy as to the validity of the standard, the best criterion to assess injury to the thorax and the type and manner in which padding should be used. Although it has been shown in a series of 17 cadaveric tests that paper honeycomb can reduce thoracic injuries dramatically, there are still concerns regarding the loss of air space between the door and the occupant due to the presence of the padding and regarding the loss of protection for the thorax when there is no engagement of the shoulder with the intruding side structure of the car. This paper describes the development of a three-dimensional rigid body model to simulate cadaveric experiments carried out at Wayne State University. Model parameters were chosen to yield human-like responses at the level of the shoulder, thorax, abdomen and pelvis. The model was then used to study the effect of padding on injury parameters related to the nearside occupant when a relatively thick padding is used (up to 100 mm). It was also used to study the increase in force on the thorax when shoulder engagement is lost. Laboratory tests were conducted with full shoulder engagement but in the field most cars have a low beltline (window sill) which effectively eliminates shoulder contact if the arms are outstretched in a normal driving posture. If a sufficiently soft padding was used, the model did not predict an increase in thoracic force level or any of the injury parameters. This result contradicted those from previous models which either used a dummy as the near-side occupant or did not take into account the acceleration of the target vehicle. The model also predicted that the shoulder can provide substantial protection to the thorax and that without shoulder engagement, the force on the thorax can be approximately 45 percent higher. A door design which can lower its first velocity peak to match the second peak and which has 75 mm of soft padding is predicted by this model as being able to provide protection to the nearside occupant for moderate impacts. Additional cadaveric testing is needed to confirm these results.

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20

Shen, Lei, Xue Huan Jiang, and Yun Yin Chen. "Research on Children's Functional Clothing of Keeping Safety in the Car." Advanced Materials Research 331 (September 2011): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.331.547.

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A new type of design, which combines clothing with the seat cover of automobile are from the perspective of children's functional clothing for protecting children safely in the car according to ergonomic principles. This design is based on the analysis of structure design and fabric design, using the software of MADYMO to simulate the collision on child dummy in car and analyze the dynamic response to get damage parameters of the head and chest. By comparing with regulation value we get conclusion that this design has good function on protecting children in the car.

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21

OTA, Shu, Toshiaki SAKURAI, Yasuki MOTOZAWA, and Tetsuo MAKI. "2D42 Study of Occupant Injury by Restraint Control using MADYMO(Second report)." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2015.27 (2015): 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2015.27.465.

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22

Carter, E. L., and C. E. Neal-Sturgess. "MADYMO reconstruction of a real-world collision between a vehicle and cyclist." International Journal of Crashworthiness 14, no. 4 (July 31, 2009): 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13588260902823999.

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23

Hong, Liang, Ru Hai Ge, and Yun Teng Wu. "Analysis and Optimization of Rear Occupant Safety in Car Head-On Collision." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.292.

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The MADYMO simulation model of the rear occupant restraint system based a current car model was constructed, researching the influence of the rear seat cushion stiffness and cushion angle with the floor, the 3-point seatbelt webbing stiffness and retractor locking feature on rear-seat passenger safety in the head-on collision. Thereafter, the entire rear occupant restraint system was optimised. The result shows when the rear seat cushion stiffness is 30N/mm, the cushion angle is 25°, the safety belt stiffness is 11% and the webbing output after the retractor locks is 30mm, rear occupant would obtain the optimum protection.

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24

Cao, Li Bo, Chong Zhen Cui, Ning Yu Zhu, and Huan Chen. "Study on the Difference of Frontal Impact Response among People of Different Sizes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.111.

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In this article, seven frontal impact simulation models with same restraint system and different human body models were established through the use of multi-body kinematics software MADYMO. The injuries in head, chest and femurs of different human models and the differences of these injuries were analyzed in detail. The weighted injury criterion was adopted to evaluate the overall injuries of different human body models. The results shows that the injury risk of smaller human body is much higher than the taller human body, and existing occupant restraint system that protects the 50th percentile American occupant well protects other size occupant poorly.

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25

Ziemek, Klaudiusz. "Scheme of the graphical interface for simplification of the occupational accidents reconstruction through numerical simulations." Mechanik 91, no. 7 (July 9, 2018): 597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.7.95.

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Proposed is a concept of a new tool for supporting numerical simulations of occupational accidents. Such tool, in form of add-on for graphics software called Blender, uses MADYMO package to execute simulations. It provides fast and intuitive way of modeling accidents scenes without a need of particular knowledge in simulation physics. In the future, it will also implement an auto-search algorithm for the most possible course of event throughout any given state space. Hopefully, it will allow to recognize potential risks and create new ways of preventing injuries. This paper describes the tool, and presents early results of its possibilities.

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26

Jiao, Zhi Yong, and Jun Jie Li. "Simulation on Injury to Driver under Car Front Crash Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 643 (September 2014): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.643.295.

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To study the injury index to driver in front crash, this article uses the MADYMO software to establish the driver constraint system model which including car bodies, safety belts and 50% dummy for impact simulation. The simulation values are close to test ones after contrasted with the vehicle impact test. The influence of design parameters including the D-ring friction coefficient of seat belt, airbag strap and steering column on driver HIC, T3MS, THPC are researched by this model. The results show that: The smaller D-ring friction and a longer airbag strap length and steering column crushing can effectively improve the driver safety.

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27

Wang, Yao Yuan, Zhuo Yang Lyu, Liang Liang Wang, and Zhen Hua Yan. "Simplified Dynamics Modeling of Seat-Passenger in Vehicle Frontal Crash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 597 (July 2014): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.597.544.

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To quickly predict the performance of the seat in frontal crash during the initial stage of the seat development, in this paper a simplified coupled dynamic model of seat-passenger interaction is established according to the dynamics analysis method of Lagrange, and the fourth order Runge-Kutta method is used to resolve differential equation. Moreover, the simulation of Madymo testifies the simplified coupled dynamic model of seat-passenger interaction in frontal crash. Therefore, this model will be effective and feasible in predicting the performance of the seat in frontal crash during the initial stage of the seat development, for example, the performance of anti-submarining protection.

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28

Chatterjee, Subhasish, and John F. Carney. "Passenger Train Crashworthiness—Secondary Collisions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1531, no. 1 (January 1996): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153100102.

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Secondary collisions in passenger train crashes are considered and a companion paper dealing with primary collisions is followed up. The effects of crash pulse magnitude and duration, occupant flail distance, and the nature of the impacted surface are considered. The constitutive relationship for a Hybrid III dummy head satisfying the peak acceleration requirements of FMVSS208 is developed and used with the crash victim simulator MADYMO to investigate the impact response of train passengers seated in a unidirectional layout. It is shown that the design of the coach shell and the interior have to be integrated to obtain train designs that will minimize occupant injuries in the event of train collisions.

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29

Parenteau, Chantal S., and David C. Viano. "MADYMO models of the human and dummy lower limbs to investigate biomechanical responses." International Journal of Crashworthiness 1, no. 4 (January 1996): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/cras.1996.0028.

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30

Radu, Alexandru Ionut, Corneliu Cofaru, Bogan Tolea, and Mihaela Popescu. "Study regarding seat’s rigidity during rear end collisions using a MADYMO occupant model." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 252 (October 2017): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/252/1/012004.

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31

McNally, D. S., and N. M. Rosenberg. "MADYMO simulation of children in cycle accidents: A novel approach in risk assessment." Accident Analysis & Prevention 59 (October 2013): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.07.022.

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32

XIAO, YINGNI, HELAI HUANG, YONG PENG, and XINGHUA WANG. "A STUDY ON MOTORCYCLISTS HEAD INJURIES IN CAR–MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENTS BASED ON REAL-WORLD DATA AND ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 18, no. 04 (June 2018): 1850036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519418500367.

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Accident data had shown that as one of the most vulnerable road users, the risk of motorcyclist casualties due to head injuries is extremely high in motorcycle accidents. The objective of this study was to analyze motorcyclist head injury based on epidemiological statistical analysis and car–motorcycle accident reconstruction using real world accident data, and obtain a comprehensive understanding about safety effects of helmets on motorcyclists head injury. In epidemiological data analysis of this study, odds ratios (ORs) was applied to identify differences in injuries between helmeted and unhelmeted motorcyclists. Two vehicle–motorcycle collisions with detailed information were reconstructed by using PC-Crash simulation and MADYMO reconstruction. Furthermore, the head injury reconstruction using MADYMO outputs as boundary conditions was accomplished and analyzed with respect to 1st principal strain, Von Mises stress, coup pressure, countercoup pressure at the cerebrum. The results indicated that unhelmeted motorcyclists were more likely to suffer head injury, serious and fatal injury, and tend to take equal responsibility or more. 1st principal strain was reduced from 0.44 to 0.25 for Case 1, and from 0.16 to 0.10 for case 2 when including a helmet. Von Mises stress were reduced from 30.37[Formula: see text]kpa to 19.51[Formula: see text]kpa for Case 1 and from 3.42[Formula: see text]kpa to 3.03[Formula: see text]kpa for case when including a helmet, which meant a reduction of the risk of concussion. But the motorcyclist in Case 2 experienced a lower percentage increase in coup pressure and countercoup pressure. This study provided comprehensive knowledge on motorcyclists head injuries and the effectiveness of helmets as well as contributing to develop the injury prevention measures and protection devices of motorcyclists.

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33

Wu, Jun, Li Bo Cao, Rui Feng Zhang, and Jing Wen Hu. "Model Development and Robust Optimal Design of Occupant Restraint System." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 2794–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.2794.

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In this study, an occupant restraint system model of a production SUV developed in MADYMO software was used for crash simulations. Component tests were conducted to obtain the parameters of seatbelt and seat. Parameters of airbag were obtained by tank tests and the airbag model was validated by headform drop tests. The occupant restraint system model was validated against results from real vehicle crash tests. Robust design method was adopted for sensitivity analysis and system optimization. Two parameters, spool effect of the seatbelt and mass flow of the airbag, were studied to improve the occupant protection. Better protection performance has been obtained using optimized parameters, and the robustness of the optimized result was proved by robustness assessment.

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Teng, Tso Liang, Cho Chung Liang, Hung Yu Huang, and You Lin Chen. "Effect of Vehicle Seat on Neck Injury in Rear Impact." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 2995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.2995.

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Seat is a main part of vehicle to contact with occupant in rear impact and chiefly concern with the severity of neck injuries. Therefore, improvement in seat design can effectively reduce the neck injuries of occupant. For designing an effective vehicle seat to protect occupant, this study develops the numerical model of sled test by using MADYMO software and discusses the relevance between the seat parameters and occupant’s neck based on the validated numerical model. The seat parameters include the stiffness of seat angle device, seat friction and angle of head restraint. The discussion of influencing factors of seat can be referred for designing a safety seat. The occupant neck then can be protected in rear impact accidents.

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35

Wang, Wen Bin. "Influence Factors of Railway Vehicle Interior Impact Injury." Applied Mechanics and Materials 79 (July 2011): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.79.227.

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Based on interior configurations of railway vehicle of China and simulation using modeling of MADYMO Hybrid III 50% Dummy, the occupant injury of interior impact in railway crash events is analyzed according the European and American standard. The results indicated that in the face to face seating without table, the injury is serious then face to back and face to face with table .The other affect factors are the stiffness of interior equipment and the distance of seats. It is needed to optimize the parameter of interior equipment to reduce injury risk for the occupants under collision scenarios. At last the suggestions and methods for railway vehicle occupant safety protection are put forward in the paper.

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36

HATTORI, Shinichiro, Sadayuki UJIHASHI, Koshiro ONO, and Koji KANEOKA. "1A33 A Motion Analysis of Human Cervical Vertebrae with a Direct Head Impact Using MADYMO." Proceedings of the JSME Bioengineering Conference and Seminar 2001.12 (2001): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebs.2001.12.0_21.

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37

Dauvilliers, F., F. Lavaste, J. Y. Le Coz, and F. Bendjellal. "Simulation of the human cervical spine according to sled tests using madymo 3D tool." Journal of Biomechanics 27, no. 6 (January 1994): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(94)91096-0.

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38

Rola, Edyta, and Michał Kowalik. "Analysis of Geometric Parameters Influence on Anchor Isofix Capability / Analiza Wpływu Parametrów Geometrycznych Zaczepu Isofix Na Zdatność Tego Typu Mocowań." Journal of KONBiN 29, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2014-0001.

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Abstract A phenomenon that causes damage to the anchor is exceeding the ultimate strength limit, that may occur as a result of the collision. The subject of this paper is shape of an ensuring an adequate level of reliability. In order to determine loads acting on restraint system, the simulation in MADYMO environment has been made. There has been given characteristics of acceleration impulse in time representing process of real head-on collision. To the preparation of geometry, strength calculation and results visualization, there was used an environment of HyperWorks and ANSYS. The anchor dimensions were optimized using response surface method. The calculation performed with finite elements method (FEM) allowed for shape improvement of initial model. Optimization resulted in increasing of safety factor for 60%.

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39

Liu, Jun, Xiang Wang, Xue Rong Zhang, and Xiao Dong Cheng. "Booster Seat Dynamic Parameter and Damage Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1579.

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In order to reduce the rate that child passengers injury their chest and head in a collision, parameter analysis of child restraint system is performed. Based on multi-body dynamics software MADYMO, child occupant crash simulation model is built. In accordance with the laws and regulations, the validity of the model is verified. Damage criterions, such as head the centroid synthesis of acceleration, HIC36 and resultant chest acceleration, are used to analyze the influence of different coefficients on childs injury, including friction between booster seat and vehicle seat, safety belt stiffness and friction between the dummy and safety belt. Results show that increasing the coefficient of friction of boost seat bottom and seat belt by coating them with friction material can reduce childs head and chest injuries significantly during the collision.

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40

Hong, Liang, and Yun Teng Wu. "Research on the Safety of Rear Seat Occupants in the Frontal Collision." Advanced Materials Research 569 (September 2012): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.569.795.

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To study the injury values rear seat occupants sustain in the frontal collision, this paper constructed the simulation model of the rear occupant restraint system of a vehicle model using MADYMO software. The influence of the rear 3-point seatbelt stiffness and retractor locking feature, the rear seat cushion stiffness and angle with the vehicle floor on head injury criterion HIC36, thorax 3ms resultant acceleration T3MS, thorax performance criterion THPC, left and right femur force of rear occupants were analysed through the simulation model. The conclusion shows that HIC36 drops when the seatbelt stiffness increases and retractor locking feature decreases compared to the original values; HIC36, T3MS, left and right femur force become less when the seat cushion stiffness decreases and angle increases compared to the original values.

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Salzar, Robert S., Joseph Ash, Scott R. Lucas, Christopher Planchak, Antony Dalton, Bryan Emond, and James E. Getz. "Dynamic Analysis and Injury Prediction for Small Craft Collisions." Journal of Ship Production and Design 26, no. 02 (May 1, 2010): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.2010.26.2.89.

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Six staged watercraft collisions were performed to assess the corresponding boat dynamics and boat operator kinematics. Each boat was operated remotely through a series of handheld radio transmitters capable of controlling steering, throttle, and a master kill switch. Triaxial accelerometers mounted to the deck of each boat provided sensor data that was measured and recorded using several MotionMaster EDR-6DOF recorders. Hybrid-II crash test dummies were placed in occupant positions, and their resulting kinematics recorded. The triaxial deck acceleration data was used as input to a lumped-mass human dynamics model (MADYMO) to understand occupant kinematics and potential for injury. Noted results include the presence of large vertical (z-axis) deck accelerations, and the low risk of head and neck injuries during the first phase of the collisions.

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Yu, Hong Tao, Jian Xiao Cao, Gui Fan Zhao, and Qing Fu Wei. "Research on the Protection of Out-of-Position Child Occupants Based on the MADYMO Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 1725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.1725.

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The model of the airbag deployment test has been established based on U.S. FMVSS 208 regulations, and the effect of the protection of PAB’s two folding patterns on out-of-position child occupants has been tested. The Experiments show that the "Z" shaped folding is better than the winding folding according to the experiment model. In addition, optimize the airbag by the method of expanding the size of pores and the horizontal size of the airbag to achieve better protection for out-of-position child occupants.

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Gonik, Bernard, Ning Zhang, and Michele Grimm. "489 Defining forces associated with shoulder dystocia (SD): Use of a dynamic computer model (MADYMO)." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 185, no. 6 (December 2001): S215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(01)80520-2.

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Bartsch, Adam J., Lars G. Gilbertson, Vikas Prakash, John F. Wiechel, Douglas R. Morr, and Mutaz Shkoukani. "Validation Study of a Generalized Minor Rear Vehicle Crash MADYMO Model Utilizing Real World Data." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 3, no. 1 (June 9, 2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2264.

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Bin Yusof, Mustafa, and Mohammad Amirul Affiz Bin Afripin. "Occupant Kinematic Study in Safe Bus Superstructure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.32.

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The risk of injuries and fatalities is severe when bus superstructure fails during rollover accidents. This study deals with two stages of analyses which are superstructure strength having rollover analysis and occupants kinematic analysis. The validation process by correlating the strain results obtained from simple box rollover and simulation process done. The inputs from validation process had been used for full-scale bus superstructure rollover. A complete bus structure was developed and simulation was done according to the United Nation Economic Commission of Europe (UNECE) regulation 66 by utilizing finite element analysis software. Injury to occupant at various locations was studied as well as comparison study between belt occupant and unbelted occupants by using the Mathematical Dynamic Model (MADYMO) software. Analysis suggested that superstructure strength and occupant kinematics consideration can reduce fatality and serious injury in bus rollover accident.

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46

Desmoulin, Geoffrey Thor, and Katerina Doslikova. "Event dynamics and injury reconstruction of a zip-line incident using MADYMO software: a case study." International Journal of Forensic Engineering 3, no. 3 (2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijfe.2017.082967.

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47

Huang, J., Z. Zhong, L. Hu, and D. Liu. "Modelling and simulation of a sandwiched tube-type airbag and its optimization using design of experiments." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto480.

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This paper presents efforts made on the computational modelling, simulation, and optimization of a new type of airbag, namely a sandwiched tube-type airbag, which deploys more rapidly than the traditional airbag using less gas mass inflow and can decrease the risk of head injury of an out-of-position passenger. The airbag is modelled using the finite element method with MADYMO. A static airbag deployment test is performed to support and validate the computational modelling efforts. The considered variables for airbag optimization design are as follows: the collocation of the tether, the length of the tether, the mass flowrate, and the size and location of the vent hole. The simulation is performed using an orthogonal array, within the range of given control levels. Finally, the simulation results are analysed by iSIGHT, and the relationships between the design variables could help to design the airbag cushion.

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Si, Jun De, Guo Qiang Wang, Ying Shuang Zhang, and Wan Jun Hao. "Protective Performance of the Operator's Helmet for Wheel Loader in the Rollover Accident." Advanced Materials Research 346 (September 2011): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.346.471.

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This paper is devoted to study of the helmets which can provide protection for the operator against head injury during an rollover accident. In the present study, the proposed procedure is demonstrated with the help of a validated madymo model of a featureless Hybrid Ⅲ headform in conjunction with a helmet model comprising an outer polypropylene shell to the inner surface of which is bonded a protective polyurethane foam padding of a given thickness, a parametric analysis has been performed in order to investigate the effect of different densities and thickness of the polyurethane foam on the head injury during impact. Based on simulation results of impact on a rigid surface, it appears that a minimum foam padding thickness of 15 mm is necessary for obtaining an acceptable value of HIC(d). The HIC(d) value decreases as an increase of the foam thickness, and the effect of the foam density variable is nonlinear, a second order parabolic shape can be identified.

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Venkatason, Kausalyah, Kassim Abdullah, Shasthri Sivaguru, Moumen M. Idres, Qasim H. Shah, and Wong Shaw Voon. "Injury Analysis Validation of a Deformable Vehicle Front End Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 1334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.1334.

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In the event of an impact with an automobile, pedestrians suffer multiple impacts with the bumper, hood and the windscreen. The characteristics of a vehicles front end and structural stiffness have a significant influence on the kinematics and injury risk of the pedestrians body regions, in a vehicle-to-pedestrian collision. In this present study, the injury risk of the pedestrian is investigated in an impact with a deformable vehicle front end model for the purpose of validating the developed model. A simplified vehicle front end model consisting of a multi body windscreen and a finite element cowl, hood and bumper is developed. The MADYMO human pedestrian multi body dummy model is impacted by the vehicle front end model at the speed of 40 km/h. The injuryto the various body segments namely the head, neck, sternum, lumbar, femur and tibia is obtained. The simulation values are compared to the experimental values for verification of the vehicle front end model.

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Dacko, Adam, Pawel Borkowski, Lukasz Pawel Lindstedt, Cezary Rzymkowski, and Miroslaw Rodzewicz. "Structural dynamics of a gyrocopter: numerical approach in some emergency cases." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 4 (May 8, 2018): 699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-11-2016-0217.

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Purpose This paper aims to present the assumptions, analysis and sample results of numerical modeling and analysis of dynamic events encountered in emergency cases during deployment of parachute rescue system (PRS) and hard landing of a small gyrocopter. The optimal design requires knowledge of structural loads and structural response – the information obtained often from experiment. Numerical simulation is presented as an alternative tool for estimating these data. Design/methodology/approach Structural analyses were performed using MSC.Nastran. Multibody simulations were done using MADYMO system. Findings Initial design parameters were evaluated and verified in numerical simulations. Some of the resulting conclusions were proven during the test flights. Practical implications Some chosen results of simulation of dynamic problems are presented. They can be useful as reference values for similar cases for light aircraft analysis. Originality/value The paper presents an alternative way of assessing structural response parameters in the case of emergency dynamic events of usage of PRS. The results can be used in other projects.

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