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Journal articles on the topic 'Madrugada (Porto Alegre, Brazil)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Naud, Paulo, Jean Matos, Luciano Hammes, Joao Prolla, Gilberto Schwartsmann, Janete Vetorazzi, Carlos Quadros, et al. "Cervical Cancer Screening in Porto Alegre, Brazil." Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 5, no. 1 (January 2001): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00128360-200101000-00005.

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2

Grosjean, Eric, Reinhold A. Rasmussen, and Daniel Grosjean. "Toxic Air Contaminants in Porto Alegre, Brazil." Environmental Science & Technology 33, no. 12 (June 1999): 1970–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es980578x.

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3

Ziliotto, Marina, José Artur Bogo Chies, and Joel Henrique Ellwanger. "Environmental Sanitation in Porto Alegre City, Brazil: A Basic Step towards Sustainable Development." Sustainability 16, no. 7 (March 25, 2024): 2672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16072672.

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Porto Alegre city, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul State, is an important medical, educational, and technological hub in Brazil. However, Porto Alegre faces critical challenges in achieving adequate environmental sanitation, hampering the development of the city, and negatively impacting the most socially vulnerable segments of the population. Although Porto Alegre’s sanitation plan aims at universal access to sewage collection and treatment services by 2035, some of the city’s sanitation indicators have deteriorated in recent years compared to other Brazilian cities. The inadequate or lack of proper sanitation (e.g., shortcomings in sewage collection and treatment, suboptimal management of solid waste, deficiencies in the distribution of treated water) contribute to the proliferation of disease vectors like mosquitoes and to the spread of infectious and parasitic diseases (e.g., toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, arboviral diseases). Recently, Porto Alegre’s population experienced a significant number of dengue infection cases. Climate change, social issues, and unplanned urbanization will further favor disease transmission in the region. In this Review, we provide an overview concerning the ecological, socio-economic, and public health aspects of Porto Alegre, drawing attention to the insufficient environmental sanitation in the city, a neglected problem by local authorities. We argue that this issue needs to be seriously addressed if Porto Alegre wants to realistically achieve sustainable development, protecting ecosystems and human health.

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Angoneze-Grela, Ewa. "PORTO ALEGRE SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION ZONE – THE STRATEGY OF SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE BRAZILIAN CITY IN RELATION TO POZNAŃ (POLAND)." Space&FORM 2021, no. 48 (December 6, 2021): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2021.48.c-02.

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Porto Alegre, a city in south Brazil, was a pioneer in participatory budgeting in the 1990s, and a decade later it hosted the World Social Forum. These days Porto Alegre is the first place in the world with a Sustainable Innovation Zone. The goal of this endeavour is to transform the city into the most innovative and sustainable city in Latin America by 2030. In the article, the author examines the projects completed to date and the entities involved. Then, the author compares the experiences of Porto Alegre and Poznań.

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5

Veloso, Valdiléa G., Francisco I. Bastos, Margareth Crisóstomo Portela, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Esau Custodio João, Jose Henrique da Silva Pilotto, Ana Beatriz Busch Araújo, et al. "HIV rapid testing as a key strategy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 44, no. 5 (October 2010): 803–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102010005000034.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of HIV rapid testing for pregnant women at maternity hospital admission and of subsequent interventions to reduce perinatal HIV transmission. METHODS: Study based on a convenience sample of women unaware of their HIV serostatus when they were admitted to delivery in public maternity hospitals in Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre, Brazil, between March 2000 and April 2002. Women were counseled and tested using the Determine HIV1/2 Rapid Test. HIV infection was confirmed using the Brazilian algorithm for HIV infection diagnosis. In utero transmission of HIV was determined using HIV-DNA-PCR. There were performed descriptive analyses of sociodemographic data, number of previous pregnancies and abortions, number of prenatal care visits, timing of HIV testing, HIV rapid test result, neonatal and mother-to-child transmission interventions, by city studied. RESULTS: HIV prevalence in women was 6.5% (N=1,439) in Porto Alegre and 1.3% (N=3.778) in Rio de Janeiro. In Porto Alegre most of women were tested during labor (88.7%), while in Rio de Janeiro most were tested in the postpartum (67.5%). One hundred and forty-four infants were born to 143 HIV-infected women. All newborns but one in each city received at least prophylaxis with oral zidovudine. It was possible to completely avoid newborn exposure to breast milk in 96.8% and 51.1% of the cases in Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro, respectively. Injectable intravenous zidovudine was administered during labor to 68.8% and 27.7% newborns in Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro, respectively. Among those from whom blood samples were collected within 48 hours of birth, in utero transmission of HIV was confirmed in 4 cases in Rio de Janeiro (4/47) and 6 cases in Porto Alegre (6/79). CONCLUSIONS: The strategy proved feasible in maternity hospitals in Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre. Efforts must be taken to maximize HIV testing during labor. There is a need of strong social support to provide this population access to health care services after hospital discharge.

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6

Rippe, Caroline. "DIGITAL ORGANIC FOOD HUB ON PORTO ALEGRE - BRAZIL." Journal of Agricultural Sciences Research (2764-0973) 2, no. 11 (September 13, 2022): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.9732112216095.

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7

Kaslow, Florence W. "The seventh holocaust dialogue meeting: Porto Alegre, Brazil." American Journal of Family Therapy 31, no. 3 (May 2003): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926180390167160.

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8

Reis, Rejane de Souza, Marceli de Oliveira Santos, and Katia Vergetti Bloch. "Colorectal cancer in Porto Alegre and Fortaleza, Brazil: incidence trends and distribution pattern from 1990 to 1999." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 25, no. 5 (May 2009): 1046–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2009000500011.

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The aim of this study was to describe the incidence distribution of colorectal cancer in Fortaleza, Ceará State, and Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and the time trend in the disease from 1990 to 1999. Mean annual age-adjusted incidence rates and estimated annual percent change were calculated by gender, using population-based cancer registries. EAPC showed an increase in the rates in Porto Alegre and Fortaleza for men, +4.2% (p = 0.14) and +9.3% (p < 0.001), and women, +4.6% (p = 0.11) and +5.3% (p = 0.15), respectively. The mean adjusted incidence rates were three times higher in Porto Alegre than in Fortaleza both for men (25.1 vs. 8.6/100 thousand) and women (19.9 vs. 7.1/100 thousand). This rise in incidence rates may be due to early cancer detection strategies, lifestyle changes, and alterations in the population age structure. A population profile similar to that of developed countries may explain the higher incidence rates in Porto Alegre. However, Fortaleza showed the largest increases during the period studied.

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9

SANTOS-COSTA, Maria Cristina dos, Arlete Ballestrin OUTEIRAL, Fernanda Maurer D'AGOSTINI, and Lize Helena CAPPELLARI. "Envenomation by the neotropical colubrid Boiruna maculata (Boulenger, 1896): a case report." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 42, no. 5 (October 2000): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652000000500008.

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This is a case report of a Boiruna maculata snake bite in a child admitted to the Hospital Municipal de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. The patient was bitten on the lower left limb, and exhibited pronounced local manifestations of envenomation. She was treated with Bothrops antivenom and was discharged from the hospital five days later with marked improvement of envenomation.

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10

MELGAR, TERESA R. "A Time of Closure? Participatory Budgeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil, after the Workers' Party Era." Journal of Latin American Studies 46, no. 1 (February 2014): 121–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x13001582.

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AbstractParticipatory budgeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil, has long been held up as a model of how grassroots social movements, in alliance with a Left party in power, have deepened democracy in a highly clientelistic context. But what happened to this democratic reform when the Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers' Party, PT), which supported this initiative while it held the mayorship of Porto Alegre for 16 years, lost political power? This article examines the shifting fortunes of the participatory budgeting process following the defeat of the Workers' Party in the 2004 local elections. It explores how and why succeeding local administrations weakened participatory budgeting amid the changing political configuration of Porto Alegre, underscoring the critical role played by considerable executive branch powers in the process. The article concludes by examining what questions this raises for the sustainability of local democratic reforms.

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11

Issler, Roberto M. S., Elsa R. J. Giugliani, Guilherme T. Kreutz, Clarice F. Meneses, Elisa B. Justo, Valerie M. Kreutz, and Milton Pires. "Poverty levels and children's health status: study of risk factors in an urban population of low socioeconomic level." Revista de Saúde Pública 30, no. 6 (December 1996): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101996000600003.

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To test the hypothesis that the low socioeconomic population living is shanty towns in Porto Alegre presents different levels of poverty which are reflected on its health status, a cross-sectional study was designed involving 477 families living in Vila Grande Cruzeiro, Porto Alegre, Brazil. The poverty level of the families was measured by using an instrument specifically designed for poor urban populations. Children from families living in extreme poverty (poorest quartile) were found to have higher infant mortality rate, lower birth weights, more hospitalizations, and higher malnutrition rates, in addition to belonging to more numerous families. Thus, the shanty town population of Porto Alegre is not homogeneous, and priority should be given to the more vulnerable subgroups.

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12

Covin, David. "Inventing Local Democracy: Grassroots Politics in Brazil. By Rebecca Neaera Abers. Boulder, CO, and London: Lynne Rienner, 2000. 269p. $59.95." American Political Science Review 95, no. 2 (June 2001): 490–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055401522029.

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In this case study of participatory democracy in Porto Alegre, Brazil, Rebecca Neaera Abers examines one aspect of the participatory democracy program implemented by the Par- tido dos Trabalhadores (PT), the Workers' Party, in Porto Alegre: the participatory budget process. In that process, people at the grassroots make policy decisions that the government is committed to implement. The PT took office in 1989, and Abers follows its participatory budget process from 1989 to 1997.

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13

Almeida-Filho, Naomar, Jair De Jesus Mari, Evandro Coutinho, Josimar Farias França, Jefferson Fernandes, Sérgio Baxter Andreoli, and Ellis D'Arrigo Busnello. "Brazilian multicentric study of psychiatric morbidity." British Journal of Psychiatry 171, no. 6 (December 1997): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.171.6.524.

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BackgroundPsychiatric morbidity studies in developing countries have used diagnostic procedures of low reliability, without a clinical definition of caseness, producing descriptive data with limited application for mental health planning.MethodA two-stage cross-sectional design (with a sample size of 6476) was conducted to estimate the prevalence of DSM–III psychiatric diagnoses in three metropolitan areas of Brazil (Brasília, São Paulo and Porto Alegre). All subjects were screened for the presence of psychopathology with a 44-item instrument (the QMPA) and a subsample was selected for a psychiatric interview.ResultsAge-adjusted prevalence of cases potentially in need of care ranged from 19% (São Paulo) to 34% (Brasília and Porto Alegre). Anxiety disorders comprised the highest prevalences (up to 18%). Alcoholism yielded the most consistent prevalence levels, around 8% in all sites. Depression showed great variation between areas: from less than 3% (São Paulo and Brasília) to 10% (Porto Alegre)ConclusionsOverall prevalences were high in comparison with previous studies conducted in Brazil. A female excess of non-psychotic disorders (anxiety, phobias, somatisation and depression) and a male excess for alcoholism were consistently found.

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14

Miranda, Eduardo Reck. "Computer Music Studio in Porto Alegre, Brazil Seeks Donations." Computer Music Journal 19, no. 2 (1995): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3680594.

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15

Kuajara, O., J. C. D. Sanchez, R. A. Ballestrin, and E. C. Teixeira. "Environmental monitoring of the North Porto Alegre landfill, Brazil." Water Environment Research 69, no. 6 (September 1997): 1170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143097x125920.

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16

Dalcin, P. T. R., D. M. Menegotto, A. Zanonato, L. Franciscatto, F. Soliman, M. Figueiredo, and R. P. Pereira. "Factors associated with uncontrolled asthma in Porto Alegre, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 42, no. 11 (October 9, 2009): 1097–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x2009005000035.

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17

Toouli, Jim, and Henry Cohen. "WGO Train the Trainers Workshop Porto Alegre, Brazil 2011." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 46, no. 1 (January 2012): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0b013e31823df8ba.

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18

Menna-Barreto, Márcio, Alexandre Doval, Giorgio Rabolin, and Otomar Bianchini. "HTLV-I Associated myelopathy in porto alegre (southern Brazil)." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 53, no. 4 (December 1995): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1995000500010.

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HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP/HAM) have been increasingly described in practically all regions of Brazil. Five confirmed and documented cases of patients with TSP/HAM in Rio Grande do Sul are reported; in all of them spastic paraparesis, neurogenic bladder and superficial and/or profound sensitive disorders were observed in variable degrees. One patient presented a relapsing-remitting course with a cerebellar ataxia (multiple sclerosis-like pattern). Everyone was submitted to clinical, serological, urodynamic, neurophysiologic and neuroradiologic investigation. The aim of this study was to present the southern region of Brazil as an area with significant endemicity for HTLV-I/II infection (prevalence of 0.42% between blood donors), and also to show the existence of patients with neurologic disease associated with this retrovirus.

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19

Darsie De Souza, Camilo, and Sabrine de Jesus Ferraz Faller. "Deaf youth and cultural negotiation in Porto Alegre, Brazil." Environment and Urbanization 23, no. 1 (April 2011): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247810395870.

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20

Grosjean, Eric, Daniel Grosjean, Luis F. Woodhouse, and Yueh-Jiun Yang. "Peroxyacetyl nitrate and peroxypropionyl nitrate in Porto Alegre, Brazil." Atmospheric Environment 36, no. 14 (May 2002): 2405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00541-6.

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21

Lojo, Liliana, Pedro J. Santiago, Enid Rivera, Doris E. Rivera, Jessica Renta, and Carmen L. Cadilla. "Puerto Rican Child with Combined Heterozygocity for Hemoglobin S and Porto Alegre." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3800.3800.

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Abstract Hemoglobin S is the most common abnormal hemoglobin detected in newborn screening in Puerto Rico. The purpose of this report is to present laboratory and clinical data from a newborn proven to have combined heterozygocity for hemoglobin S and a very rare hemoglobin. Abnormal newborn screening results using isoelectric focusing prompted us to further study an infant with an unknown hemoglobin. Testing with cellulose acetate and citrate agar electrophoresis revealed that this patient had, besides hemoglobin S, a rare fast moving band. We consulted the Haemoglobinopathy Screening Service at St. James’s University Hospital in Leeds, UK where our patient’s hemoglobin was identified as hemoglobin Porto Alegre by means of mass spectrometry. DNA sequencing at the molecular genetics laboratory in the Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico confirmed our patient’s hemoglobin to be Hb Porto Alegre. The patient’s father was found to be heterozygous for hemoglobin S and her mother a carrier of hemoglobin Porto Alegre. Our patient has been followed-up for the last two years. She has remained asymptomatic, except for usual mild childhood diseases. Laboratory results up to 18 months of age have revealed Hgb 11.4–11.6 g/dl, MCV 87.5 fl, MCH 28.7 pg, reticulocyte count 2%, normal total bilirubin and LDH levels. Hemoglobin Porto Alegre involves a mutation in ß9(A6)Ser→Cys which promotes hemoglobin polymerization via disulfide bonds (Baudin-Creuza 2002). This mutation does not seem to alter hemoglobin function and apparently does not increase tendency for sickling. Tondo (1963) has reported that in vivo hemoglobin Porto Alegre exists in its normal tetrameric form, with no associated hemolysis. Martinez (1977) has suggested that hemoglobin Porto Alegre can exist in its tetrameric functional form by means of high levels of glutathione in red blood cells. Therefore, patients with combined hemoglobin S and Porto Alegre would be expected to be asymptomatic. Hemoglobin Porto Alegre has been documented in a few patients from Brazil, Portugal, Argentina, Cuba, and the Canary Islands. To our knowledge this is the first reported double heterozygote for hemoglobin S and Porto Alegre. We are following our patient closely for the development of any significant hematologic or clinical symptoms.

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22

MEZZARI, Adelina. "Frequency of dermatophytes in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 40, no. 2 (March 1998): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651998000200002.

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In order to evaluate the distribution of dermatophytes in Porto Alegre, the capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, they were isolated from the skin, hairs and nails samples and retrospectively analyzed from June 1981 to June 1995, in two different institutions in the city of Porto Alegre: (i) the Serviço de Micologia do Instituto de Pesquisas Biológicas Jandyr Maya Faillace, da Secretaria de Saúde e Meio Ambiente do Rio Grande do Sul which attends the low income population (low and middle classes) and, (ii) Laboratório Weinmann, a clinical pathology laboratory which attends predominantly the higher income population (middle and upper classes), both which attend in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. The dermatophyte predominance of Trichophyton rubrum was confirmed (55.33%) followed by T. mentagrophytes (21.46%). The data obtained were compared with the existing prevalence data which were collected in the interior of the state over a period of 32 years (1960-1992). T. verrucosum, T. simii, Microsporum persicolor, T. schöenleinii, M. nanum and M. cookei were isolated in the interior and have not been found in the capital so far. On the other side, T. violaceum was, isolated in the capital and has not been found in the interior so far.

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23

Martín, R. San, Claudio Gelmi, Jaime Vargas de Oliveira, José Luis Galo, and Honorio Pranto. "Use of a Saponin Based Molluscicide to Control Pomacea canaliculata Snails in Southern Brazil." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 10 (October 2009): 1934578X0900401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900401003.

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Pomacea canaliculata snails pose a severe problem to direct seeded rice cultivated in Southern Brazil. Control of this snail is nowadays performed with toxic chemicals such as copper sulfate and fungicides such as fentin. A novel natural molluscicide based on alkali modified quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) saponins was tested under laboratory conditions. Snails were collected in rice fields close to Porto Alegre (State of Rio Grande do Sul) and in Brusque (State of Santa Catarina, 400 km north of Porto Alegre). In Santa Catarina the product was very effective, while in Porto Alegre it had no effect. This unexpected behavior was probably due to the respiratory habits of the snails under different contents of dissolved oxygen in the water. Near Porto Alegre the water used in rice fields is heavily polluted, with dissolved oxygen levels of 1-2 ppm, and the snails rely primarily on their siphon and lungs to breathe. Since saponin control is probably due to an interaction between saponins with the sterols present in the cell walls in the gills, no control was observed. By contrast, in Santa Catarina the dissolved oxygen level of the water is 5-6 ppm, and the snails remain mostly underwater, breathing with their gills. In this case the snails died within 24 h at a dose of 20 and 30 ppm of product. To test this observation, snails grown in polluted waters were forced to remain underwater in saponin solutions and water (control) preventing the use of their siphon to breathe. The snails exposed to saponin solutions died, while the control snails survived, indicating that they were still able to use their gills to breathe. These results indicate that the use of the saponin product is limited to rice fields not irrigated with heavily polluted waters.

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Robledo, Gerardo, and Adriana De Mello Gugliotta. "New distribution record of Nigrohydnum nigrum Ryvarden (Polyporales: Basidiomycota) in the Atlantic forest." Check List 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/9.1.97.

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Nigrohydnum nigrum Ryvarden is a rare polypore previously known only from two records in Brazil. During a herbarium revision at SP we have identified an old voucher specimen, extending the previously known geographic distribution to the Atlantic rain forest of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil.

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Mingoti, Sueli Aparecida, and Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa. "A capture-recapture technique to estimate the size of the injecting drug user population attending syringe exchange programs: AjUDE-Brasil II Project." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 22, no. 4 (April 2006): 783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2006000400017.

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This paper presents the results of a study with a two-occasion capture-recapture design. The data are part of the AjUDE-Brasil II Project, carried out in 2000-2001. Estimation of the size of the IDU population attending a syringe-exchange program (SEP) in São José do Rio Preto, Salvador, and Porto Alegre, Brazil, was performed using Chao's model. Capture probabilities were also estimated. For Porto Alegre a comparison of the results from the AjUDE-Brasil I and AjUDE-Brasil II Projects was performed. Results are also presented for error rates secondary to the choice of matching criteria.

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Kirschbaum, Saul. "Geografias da imigração: o Rio de Janeiro de Samuel Rawet e a Porto Alegre de Moacyr Scliar." Cadernos de Língua e Literatura Hebraica, no. 22 (December 5, 2022): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-8051.cllh.2022.205126.

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A obra de Moacyr Scliar e a de Samuel Rawet têm, no mínimo, um aspecto em comum. Scliar, nascido em Porto Alegre e filho de imigrantes, e Rawet, nascido na Polônia mas nem por isso menos carioca, dedicaram às suas cidades – natal ou de acolhida - um papel de destaque, dando-lhes, em seus escritos, quase que posição de personagens. A guerra no Bom Fim e O exército de um homem só, de Scliar, “Reinvenção de Lázaro” e “Madrugada seca”, de Rawet, são exemplos eloquentes desse protagonismo. Outros autores de origem étnica judaica, imigrantes ou filhos de imigrantes, seguiram essa trilha, como Ronaldo Wrobel em Traduzindo Hannah e Eliezer Levin em Bom Retiro. Este artigo busca aprofundar a análise da relação dos autores elegidos com suas cidades de residência, tentando acompanhar os deslocamentos geográficos dos judeus que imigraram, notadamente da Europa do Leste, e sua concentração em bairros específicos.

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Diogenes, Mara Chagas, and Luis Antonio Lindau. "Evaluation of Pedestrian Safety at Midblock Crossings, Porto Alegre, Brazil." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2193, no. 1 (January 2010): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2193-05.

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28

Sattler, Miguel A. "Urban noise survey for the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 (February 1999): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.426121.

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Grosjean, Eric, Reinhold A. Rasmussen, and Daniel Grosjean. "Ambient levels of gas phase pollutants in Porto Alegre, Brazil." Atmospheric Environment 32, no. 20 (September 1998): 3371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00007-7.

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30

Rozales, Franciéli P., Vanessa B. Ribeiro, Cibele M. Magagnin, Mariana Pagano, Larissa Lutz, Diego R. Falci, Adão Machado, Afonso L. Barth, and Alexandre P. Zavascki. "Emergence of NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Porto Alegre, Brazil." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 25 (August 2014): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.01.005.

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Campos, Lillian Gonçalves, Thaylla Maybe Bedinot da Conceição, Marília Sfredo Krüger, Juliano Adams Perez, and Juliana Ávila Duarte. "Central nervous system infection: imaging findings suggestive of a fungus as the cause." Radiologia Brasileira 54, no. 3 (June 2021): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2020.0093.

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Abstract Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare. However, because of the increase in the number of immunocompromised individuals, they have been gaining prominence in the differential diagnosis of CNS infections. Imaging techniques are sensitive for detecting and localizing an abnormality, in many cases allowing the origin of a lesion to be categorized as infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, or vascular. This essay illustrates the magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography findings of the most common fungal infections of the CNS, based on the experience of the Radiology Department of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

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Bianchi, Matheus Viezzer, Gabriela Fredo, Nelson Junior Tagliari, Ronaldo Viana Leite Filho, Cintia De Lorenzo, Camila Gottlieb Lupion, David Driemeier, and Luciana Sonne. "Autochthonous Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Urban Area of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 44, no. 1 (January 16, 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.84523.

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Background: Leishmaniasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by intracellular protozoan Leishmania that affects canine and human. The visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by the Leishmania donovani complex, in which canines are the main reservoir for human VL. In Southern Brazil, case reports of this disease have increased, especially when canines are infected in endemic areas in the country. Canines usually present a systemic disease, characterized by cutaneous lesions, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. This report aims to describe the clinicalpathological features of a case of autochthonous VL in a canine of an urban area of Porto Alegre.Case: A male, mixed breed, dog , 7 year-old, resident at the East Side of Porto Alegre, living together with two other canines, presented at clinical examination progressive weight loss, associated with hyporexia and hyperthermia, evolving to lateral recumbency, paralisys, and death. At necropsy, the dog was cachectic with diffusely pale mucosae. Gross findings included liver enlarged, with multifocal firm brownish areas, spleen enlarged, showing multifocal firm round dark-red areas, and kidneys diffusely pale with evidentiated tranversal striations on cortical zone. At microscopic examination, there was on the spleen diffuse inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages with large cytoplasm containing multiple amastigotes. The liver, exhibited atrophy of hepatocytes and moderate multifocal inflammatory infiltrate in sinusoids of macrophages containing multiple amastigotes. These features were also observed moderately on lymph nodes and lamina propria of large intestine. Immunohistochemistry examination showed marked positive staining for Leishmania spp. in amastigotes located whitin the cytoplasm of macrophages of spleen, liver, lymph nodes and large intestine.Discussion: Canine leishmaniasis is a disease that affects both internal organs and skin. However, the condition is called VL mostly because it is associated with the same species that cause the visceral form in humans. In this case the canine presented liver, spleen and lymph node lesions; however no skin lesion was observed during the clinical examination. A serological evaluation of canids in East Side of Porto Alegre performed in 2005 showed that 3.5% of these dogs were positive for Leishmania; yet neither of these animals presented clinical signs. This demonstrates that the agent was already present, however only 3-10% of the canines infected develop clinical disease. In non-endemic areas VL is related to the migration of canids from endemic areas, where VL is common. However the canine here described was born, raised, and was living in Porto Alegre. Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of VL and despite its wide distribution it was identified only in 2009 in Rio Grande do Sul State. Autochthonous cases of VL were reported in canines and humans in this state, confirming the hypothesis that the vector was widely distributed and it is now present in Porto Alegre, keeping the epidemiological cycle of that disease active. Canine VL occurs prior in humans, since canines are the main domestic reservoirs and are critical for the maintenance of this disease cycle. This is the first autochthonous VL in a canine of an urban area of Porto Alegre; therefore authorities should be alert, and new control measures must be taken to avoid the canine leishmaniasis outbreak due to its potential for zoonotic transmission.Keywords: leishmaniasis, canine, protozoan, immunohistochemistry.

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Gonçalves, Daniel Almeida, Jair de Jesus Mari, Peter Bower, Linda Gask, Christopher Dowrick, Luis Fernando Tófoli, Monica Campos, Flávia Batista Portugal, Dinarte Ballester, and Sandra Fortes. "Brazilian multicentre study of common mental disorders in primary care: rates and related social and demographic factors." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 30, no. 3 (March 2014): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00158412.

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Mental health problems are common in primary health care, particularly anxiety and depression. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders and their associations with socio-demographic characteristics in primary care in Brazil (Family Health Strategy). It involved a multicenter cross-sectional study with patients from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Fortaleza (Ceará State) and Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul State), assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). The rate of mental disorders in patients from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Fortaleza and Porto Alegre were found to be, respectively, 51.9%, 53.3%, 64.3% and 57.7% with significant differences between Porto Alegre and Fortaleza compared to Rio de Janeiro after adjusting for confounders. Prevalence proportions of mental problems were especially common for females, the unemployed, those with less education and those with lower incomes. In the context of the Brazilian government's moves towards developing primary health care and reorganizing mental health policies it is relevant to consider common mental disorders as a priority alongside other chronic health conditions.

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Linden Junior, Eduardo, Jefferson Becker, Pedro Schestatsky, Francisco Tellechea Rotta, Carlo Domenico Marrone, and Irenio Gomes. "Prevalence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the city of Porto Alegre, in Southern Brazil." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 71, no. 12 (December 1, 2013): 959–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20130177.

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Objective : To determine the prevalence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Method : We conducted an extensive investigation in clinics and hospitals that provide specialized assistance to these patients, contacted neurologists and the regional association of people with ALS. Results : On July 31, 2010, 70 patients were alive and diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Considering the population living in the city in the same period (1,409,351), the estimated prevalence was 5.0 cases per 100,000 people (95% CI, 3.9-6.2), being higher for men (5.2/100,000 95% CI, 3.6-7.2) than for women (4.8/100,000 95% CI, 3.4-6.5). The prevalence increased with age peaking in the age group 70-79 years in both genders. Conclusion : The prevalence of ALS in the city of Porto Alegre is similar to that reported in other parts of the world.

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Casara, Carolina, Leticia Eidt, and Vivian Cunha. "Prevalence study of dermatoses referred to the phototherapy unit at the Dermatology Service of the Clinics Hospital of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil." Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 88, no. 2 (April 2013): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0365-05962013000200004.

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BACKGROUND: Phototherapy consists of exposure to ultraviolet radiation for therapeutic reasons. Radiation is already used in dermatological practice, and many studies have already proved the beneficial effect of UV light treatment for chronic inflammatory or lymphoproliferative skin diseases. The Dermatology Service of the Clinics Hospital of Porto Alegre (Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre) has been using phototherapy for a long time, and no official data have been described so far. OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of dermatoses referred to the phototherapy unit at the Clinics Hospital of Porto Alegre and describe the total number of patients who have already been referred to this sector and their phototype. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were collected through a review of the phototherapy patients' records (secondary data), which are available on a database of the Dermatology Service of the Clinics Hospital of Porto Alegre, from August 1997 to July 2011. RESULTS: A total of 653 records were analyzed. Phototype 3 was the most prevalent (n=313). Distribution of the prevalence of dermatoses referred to the phototherapy unit was as follows: vitiligo (279), psoriasis (255), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma/mycosis fungoides (29), graftversus-host disease (15), scleroderma (11), atopic dermatitis (10), alopecia areata (6), parapsoriasis (5), eczema (4), granuloma annulare (4), and others (35). As vitiligo and psoriasis were the two most prevalent dermatoses, they were analyzed separately, with no statistical difference in prevalence between them (P=0,177). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are in accordance with the literature, showing that although phototherapy is still mostly indicated to treat psoriasis, it has been used to treat other dermatoses, since the results are promising.

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Allasia, D. G., R. Tassi, D. Bemfica, and J. A. Goldenfum. "Decreasing flood risk perception in Porto Alegre – Brazil and its influence on water resource management decisions." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 370 (June 11, 2015): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-370-189-2015.

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Abstract. Porto Alegre is the capital and largest city in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul in Southern Brazil with approximately 1.5 million inhabitants. The city lies on the eastern bank of the Guaiba Lake, formed by the convergence of five rivers and leading to the Lagoa dos Patos, a giant freshwater lagoon navigable by even the largest of ships. This river junction has become an important alluvial port as well as a chief industrial and commercial centre. However, this strategic location resulted in severe damage because of its exposure to flooding from the river system, affecting the city in the years 1873, 1928, 1936, 1941 and 1967. In order to reduce flood risk, a complex system of levees and pump stations was implemented during 1960s and 1970s. Since its construction, not a single large flood event occurred. However, in recent years, the levees in the downtown region of Porto Alegre were severally criticized by city planners and population. Several projects have been proposed to demolish the Mauá Wall due to the false perception of lack of flood risk. Similar opinions and reactions against flood infrastructure have been observed in other cities in Brazil, such as Itajaí and Blumenau, with disastrous consequences. This paper illustrates how the perception of flood risk in Porto Alegre has changed over recent years as a result of flood infrastructure, and how such changes in perceptions can influence water management decisions.

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Santos, Sabrina da Silva, Leticia Rodrigues Melo, Rosalina Jorge Koifman, and Sergio Koifman. "Breast cancer incidence and mortality in women under 50 years of age in Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 29, no. 11 (November 2013): 2230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00030713.

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Many countries have reported an increase in breast cancer incidence in young women. The current study's objective was to explore breast cancer distribution in women less than 50 years of age in Brazil. A descriptive study on breast cancer incidence (selected cities) and mortality (Brazil and selected cities) in 2002-2004 was carried out, and the results were compared with those from other countries. The study also analyzed the trend in hospital morbidity and incidence rates for breast cancer. Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul State) showed the highest incidence rates (17.9 and 165.5/100,000 in the 15-39 and 40-49-year age strata, respectively). Regarding mortality, Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais State) showed the highest rate in the 15-39-year group and Porto Alegre in the 40-49-year group (2.8 and 25.5/100,000). Hospital admissions and incidence rates for breast cancer suggest a change in epidemiological distribution. The results reveal an epidemiological pattern of breast cancer in young Brazilian women with regional distribution characteristics.

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Rossetto, Maíra, Évelin Maria Brand, Giselda Veronice Hahn, Dora Lúcia Leidens Corrêa de Oliveira, and Luciana Barcellos Teixeira. "Epidemiological profile of tuberculosis cases with HIV coinfection in Porto Alegre city, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 72, no. 5 (October 2019): 1211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0613.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To describe and compare the epidemiological profile of cases of tuberculosis and HIV coinfection of the District Administration Health Units of Porto Alegre, Brazil, from 2009 to 2013. Method: Retrospective cohort with data from national health information systems. Sociodemographic, clinical and follow-up variables were investigated through association tests. Results: 2,419 cases of tuberculosis and HIV coinfection were reported, with a mean age of 38 ± 9.91 years, predominantly white and with up to 7 years of study. The comparison between the District Administration Health Units was significant in terms of race/color (p<0.001), gender (p<0.001), schooling (p<0.004), age (p<0.003), place of origin (p<0.001), (p<0.001), alcoholism (p<0.001), indication and performance of Directly Observed Therapy (p<0.001), closure (p<0.001). Conclusion: Socioeconomic and treatment variables influence the occurrence of coinfection in different areas of Porto Alegre, reinforcing that the sum of different factors explains the indicators of the disease.

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Collischonn, Erika, Bianca Marques Maio, and Ricardo Brandolt. "Variabilidade da Dengue e do Clima em Porto Alegre/RS de 2012 a 2017." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 12, no. 6 (December 16, 2019): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v12.6.p2080-2090.

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O El Niño/Oscilação Sul (ENOS) é uma oscilação conjunta oceano-atmosfera, que altera a Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM), a pressão, o vento e a convecção tropical, principalmente no Oceano Pacífico, porém com reflexos na circulação atmosférica e no padrão de distribuição da precipitação em outras áreas do planeta, incluindo o sul do Brasil, conforme já comprovado por vários autores. Essa alteração de padrões pode aumentar o número de pessoas expostas a doenças, como a dengue, aumentando a probabilidade de surtos ou epidemias. Neste trabalho, o recorte temporal escolhido, de 2012 a 2017, abrange os dois anos em que mais casos de dengue autóctone ocorreram em Porto Alegre (2013 e 2016). Para o período, analisaram-se variabilidades a partir dos seguintes dados: Índice Niño 3.4 (NOAA); médias e totais mensais de elementos meteorológicos e as normais climatológicas 1981-2010 de Porto Alegre (WMO 83967- INMET); casos confirmados de dengue por semana epidemiológica e ano (SINAN-RS); dias com presença de jatos de baixos níveis (JBN) sobre Porto Alegre (Projeto Rios Voadores e INPE/CPTEC). A partir da organização destes dados, foi constatada uma correspondência entre o El Niño muito forte ocorrido em 2016, a presença quase constante dos JBN sobre Porto Alegre, precipitação bem superior à normal e o maior número de casos de dengue autóctone já registrado até então. Discute-se também as diferenças e semelhanças deste ano com o de 2013, que foi o segundo ano em registros de dengue autóctone. Variability of Climate and Dengue Fever Cases in Porto Alegre/RS from 2012 to 2017 A B S T R A C TThe El Niño / Southern Oscillation (ENSO) The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle causes ripples through the global climate, changing air currents and rainfall patterns, The effect on the climate of southern Brazil was evidenced by several authors. The shifts in Niño years can increase the number of people exposed to a disease, such as dengue, increasing the likelihood of an outbreak. In this work, we analyzed a period of time that covers the two years in which more cases of autochthonous dengue fever occurred in Porto Alegre (2013 and 2016). For this period, variability was analyzed from the following data: Niño 3.4 (NOAA), monthly mean and cumulative meteorological data and climatological normal 1981/2010 of Porto Alegre (WMO 83967- INMET); confirmed cases of dengue fever per epidemiological week and per year (SINAN-RS); days with presence of low level jets (JBN) over Porto Alegre (INPE/CPTEC). The organization of these data showed correspondence between the very strong El Niño occurred in 2016, the almost constant presence of the JBN over Porto Alegre, the most intense and frequent precipitation, and the highest number of autochthonous dengue cases ever recorded. We also discuss the differences and similarities of this year with that of 2013, which was the second year in autochthonous dengue fever records.Keywords: El Niño, Low Lever Jet, precipitation, temperature, wind, dengue fever.

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Haussen, Sérgio Roberto, and Maria Cecilia de Vecino. "HTLV-I associated myelopathy / tropical spastic paraparesis: report of the first cases in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 53, no. 3b (September 1995): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1995000400010.

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The HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a myelopathy with predominant involvement of the pyramidal tract with minimal sensory loss and associated with HTLV-I infection, endemic in tropical areas, has been identified in four patients in Porto Alegre (RS, Brazil), a temperate zone.

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Neuwald, Elisa B., Luciele V. Teixeira, Francisco O. Conrado, Mariana O. D. da Silva, Nicole R. C. Hlavac, and Félix H. D. González. "Epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical aspects of canine lymphoma in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34, no. 4 (April 2014): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2014000400009.

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This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics of canine lymphomas diagnosed in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Thirty dogs were enrolled in the study; most of them were male (60%), mixed-breed (23%) and middle-aged or older. The majority (87%) of affected dogs showed the multicentric form. The B-cell phenotype was most frequently detected (62%); 37% of the animals were in clinical stage IV, and 83% were classified as sub-stage "b". Lymphadenopathy was observed in 67% of the cases, and dyspnea, prostration, decreased appetite and vomiting were the most common clinical signs encountered. Anemia was a frequently encountered laboratory alteration (57%), as were leukocytosis (40%), thrombocytopenia (33%), lymphopenia (30%), hyperglobulinemia (20%) and hypercalcemia (13%). The results of this study indicate that the clinical features of dogs with lymphoma in the region of Porto Alegre are similar to those observed worldwide.

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Ferron, Mariana Maleronka, André Klafke de Lima, Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva, and Nelson Gouveia. "Environmental lead poisoning among children in Porto Alegre state, Southern Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 46, no. 2 (April 2012): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102012000200004.

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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of lead poisoning in children and to identify associated factors, as well as possible local sources of contamination. METHODS: A cross-sectional prevalence study conducted in 2006 with a random sample of 97 children age zero to five years from a neighborhood in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Blood lead levels were measured and a questionnaire administered to collect information on sociodemographics, recycling and dwelling. A preliminary environmental evaluation was carried out with direct analysis of soil and indirect analysis of air pollution with bioindicators to identify possible sources of contamination. To analyze lead concentrations from the different collection sites, for each type of material studied, ANOVA was performed with a Brown-Forsythe adjustment for heteroscedasticity and with Dunnett's T3 procedure for multiple comparisons of unequal variances. RESULTS: Blood lead levels > 10.0 µg/dL was found in 16.5% of children. Recycling of waste at home, low father's education level, and increased age of children were associated with increase blood lead levels. High lead levels were found in soil, and there was little indication of lead air pollution. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of lead poisoning was identified, and the potential sources of contamination in this community appear related to waste recylcing activities. Studies should be conducted with other populations of Brazilian children and evaluate potential sources of local and general contamination, to accurately characterize this issue in Brazil.

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Silva, Silvia R. Pavan da, Sylvia E. Frizzo Verdin, Dariane C. Pereira, Aline M. Schatkoski, Marilise B. Rott, and Gertrudes Corção. "Microbiological quality of minimally processed vegetables sold in Porto Alegre, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 4 (December 2007): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-83822007000400003.

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Simoes, Flavio M., Luciano B. Nabinger, and Aline I. Ramalho. "Acoustic conditioning of the metropolitan cathedral of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 5 (November 2002): 2312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4779321.

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45

Pechansky, Flavio. "Patterns of Alcohol Use Among Adolescents Living in Porto Alegre, Brazil." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 30, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1998.10399670.

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46

Pereira, Ester Liberato, Carolina Fernandes da Silva, and Janice Zarpellon Mazo. "The Sportization Process of the Equestrian Practices in Porto Alegre, Brazil." Athens Journal of Sports 2, no. 3 (August 31, 2015): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajspo.2-3-2.

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47

Li, Jing-Quan, Denis Borenstein, and Pitu B. Mirchandani. "Truck schedule recovery for solid waste collection in Porto Alegre, Brazil." International Transactions in Operational Research 15, no. 5 (September 2008): 565–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3995.2008.00648.x.

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48

Whigham, Thomas. "The Practice of Politics in Postcolonial Brazil: Porto Alegre, 1845 – 1895." Hispanic American Historical Review 86, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 850–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2006-075.

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Moreira, L. B., S. C. Fuchs, M. Wiehe, M. Gus, R. S. Moraes, and F. D. Fuchs. "Incidence of hypertension in Porto Alegre, Brazil: a population-based study." Journal of Human Hypertension 22, no. 1 (June 21, 2007): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1002252.

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Westphalen, Mauro Carpes, Mateus Arduvino Reck, and Rosa Mara Borges da Silveira. "Polypores from Morro Santana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil." Hoehnea 37, no. 3 (September 2010): 647–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2236-89062010000300010.

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In the survey of polypores from Morro Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, accomplished from March 2007 to March 2009, 44 species were identified. Identification keys and remarks about all the species are given. Full descriptions and illustrations of Datronia caperata, Junghuhnia polycystidifera, Oxyporus obducens, Phellinus umbrinellus, Phylloporia frutica and Tinctoporellus epimiltinus are presented. Tinctoporellus epimiltinus is a new records from Rio Grande do Sul.

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