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Journal articles on the topic 'Macrostoria'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Kobraei, Edward M., Ashley K. Lentz, Kyle R. Eberlin, Nadine Hachach-Haram, and Usama S. Hamdan. "Macrostomia." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 27, no. 1 (January 2016): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000002294.

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2

Sowande, Oludayo A., Lofty-John C. Anyanwu, Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa, Ademola O. Talabi, and Olusanya Adejuyigbe. "Macrostomia." Annals of Plastic Surgery 66, no. 4 (April 2011): 354–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0b013e3181e6cfc1.

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3

Buonocore, Samuel, P. Niclas Broer, Marc E. Walker, Renato da Silva Freitas, Diogo Franco, and Nivaldo Alonso. "Macrostomia." Annals of Plastic Surgery 72, no. 3 (March 2014): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0b013e31826aefdf.

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4

Gleizal, Arnaud, Derrick C. Wan, Arnaud Picard, Jean-François Lavis, Marie-Paule Vazquez, and Jean-Luc Beziat. "Bilateral Macrostomia as an Isolated Pathology." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 44, no. 1 (January 2007): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/05-106.

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Objective: Congenital macrostomia is a lateral orofacial cleft between the maxillary and mandibular components of the first branchial arch. Bilateral macrostomia is a poorly characterized malformation, with only 14 cases reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to compare our experience with the world literature. Method: A retrospective analysis of 20 cases of bilateral congenital macrostomia was conducted; 6 cases were drawn from 2 maxillofacial surgery units and 14 cases from the world literature. Cases of bilateral congenital macrostomia were compared with cases of unilateral forms using a review of the literature post-1954. Among the six cases identified from the two maxillofacial surgery units, three were treated with linear sutures and three with Z-plasty. Subsequent aesthetic and functional results were analyzed. Results: Compared to unilateral forms, bilateral macrostomia is more often isolated without ear or skin deformities. Moreover, there are a greater proportion of larger defects among cases with bilateral macrostomia when compared to unilateral macrostomia. Alimentation, phonation, and mouth opening were always normal. The two sides were always symmetric. Only one case presented with the complication of skin contractions during lip movement. Conclusion: The etiopathogenesis of bilateral macrostomia is unclear. Although over 50% of the reported cases of bilateral macrostomia are isolated, this condition presents a therapeutic challenge. In the case of bilateral forms, the surgeon must define the commissure position without a normal side. Repair thus requires extraoral landmarks and normal measurements.

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5

Fadeyibi, I. O., A. O. Ugburo, C. V. Ogunbanjo, C. A. Ilombu, and S. A. Ademiluyi. "The Surgical Repair of Macrostomia." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 46, no. 6 (November 2009): 642–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/07-178.1.

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Background: Many surgical techniques have been described for the repair of macrostomia. However, most were designed for the repair of unilateral macrostomia. Most reports of repairs involved small numbers of patients. This has not allowed for evaluation of complications and comparison of various techniques. Objective: This study describes a modification of an older technique designed for unilateral macrostomia. Details of the operative technique used for the repair are described, along with the principles underlying the various steps. Materials and Methods: This study involves 13 patients operated for macrostomia using the same surgical technique. The patients were seen at a recent screening and mass surgery exercise for patients with orofacial and craniofacial deformities. Results: Eleven patients had bilateral macrostomia; two had unilateral macrostomia. No anesthetic or surgical complications occurred in any of the patients. All patients tolerated the procedure well. Oral continence and acceptable facial symmetry were restored in all patients, with minimal scarring.

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6

Pepe, Ernesto, Paola Petricig, Paola Peretta, and Giuseppe Cinalli. "Bilateral Macrostomia Associated with Aqueductal Stenosis and Glial Heterotopias." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 44, no. 5 (September 2007): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/06-096.1.

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We report on an Italian boy, born to normal and nonconsanguineous parents with a prenatal diagnosis of ventriculomegaly and subependymal glial heterotopias. At birth bilateral macrostomia was diagnosed without other evident facial anomalies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed triventricular hydrocephalus and aqueductal stenosis and confirmed the nodules of glial heterotopia. The bilateral macrostomia was surgically corrected with the vermilion square flap method and W-plasty technique and follow up MRI at 6 months showed mild increase of ventricular dilatation without signs of active hydrocephalus. The association between macrostomia and hydrocephalus has been reported only in rare cases of complex malformative syndromes but never with isolated macrostomia.

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7

Mohan, R. P. S., S. Verma, N. Agarwal, and U. Singh. "Bilateral macrostomia." Case Reports 2013, jul24 1 (July 24, 2013): bcr2013010429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-010429.

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8

Yencha, Myron W. "Congenital Macrostomia." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 124, no. 3 (March 2001): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2001.112571.

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9

Marino, Héctor, and M. A. Nagahama. "Macrostomia. (Spanish)." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 79, no. 4 (April 1987): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198704000-00058.

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10

Saputro, Iswinarno Doso. "Upper Lip Vermilion Transposition Flap pada Commisuroplasty dan Z Plasty pada Rekonstruksi Macrostomia." Jurnal Rekonstruksi dan Estetik 6, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jre.v6i2.31833.

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Macrostomia adalah kelainan kongenital yang jarang terjadi, biasanya disertai kelainan lain. Kelainan ini diperkirakan terjadi pada 1 dari 80.000 kelahiran. Beberapa literatur telah menjelaskan tehnik operasi rekontruksi macrostomia, meski emikian belum ada satu standart operasi yang rekomendasikan, setiap tehnik memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Penulis melaporkan satu kasus operasi rekontruksi macrostomia dengan menggunakan tehnik Kaplan untuk comisuroplaty, otot dijahitkan secara overlapping serta menggunakan Zplasty untuk penutupan kulit

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11

Dhingra, Renuka, Asheesh Dhingra, and Dipti Munjal. "Repair for Congenital Macrostomia: Vermilion Square Flap Method." Case Reports in Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/480598.

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Transverse facial clefts (macrostomia) are rare disorders that result when the embryonic mandibular and maxillary processes of the first branchial arch fail to fuse due to failure of mesodermal migration and merging to obliterate the embryonic grooves between the maxillary and mandibular processes to form the angle of the mouth at its normal anatomic position. Macrostomia may be seen alone or in association with other anomalies. It may be unilateral, extending along a line from the commissure to the tragus or bilateral. It is usually partial but rarely complete. Transverse facial clefts are more common in males and more common on the left side when unilateral. The goal of macrostomia reconstruction is to achieve functional, symmetrical, and accurate oral commissure with minimal scar. In this paper, we present a six-year-old girl with unilateral macrostomia with preauricular skin tags and malformation of pinna on ipsilateral side treated with vermillion-square flap method. The scar is placed at the upper lip. At two-month followup, the oral commissures are symmetric, the scars are inconspicuous, and the overall balance of facial contour and lip is excellent. We recommend this method for patients with mild to moderate macrostomia.

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12

Ahmed, Mohamed Adbellahi Cheikh. "A Rare Case of Ablepharon Macrostomia Syndrome." Journal of Ophthalmology & Clinical Research 9, no. 3 (December 22, 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/ocr-8887/100104.

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Ablepharon Macrostomia Syndrome (AMS) is a rare condition characterized by absent or extremely short eyelids and a large fish-like mouth, only 20 cases were reported. AMS is characterized by absent or short eyelids, absent eyebrows and eyelashes, macrostomia, and external ear abnormalities

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13

Pradhan, Rohan, Bojie Lin, Xin-Yuan Pan, and Guo-Qian Yin. "Isolated Bilateral Macrostomia." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 29, no. 6 (September 2018): e588-e590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000004621.

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14

Hornblass, Albert, and David M. Reifler. "Ablepharon Macrostomia Syndrome." American Journal of Ophthalmology 99, no. 5 (May 1985): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(14)77956-5.

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15

Franco, Diogo, Talita Franco, Renato da Silva Freitas, and Nivaldo Alonso. "Commissuroplasty for Macrostomia." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 18, no. 3 (May 2007): 691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e31805345f5.

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16

Price, N. J., R. E. Pugh, P. A. Farndon, and H. E. Willshaw. "Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome." British Journal of Ophthalmology 75, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.75.5.317.

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17

McCarthy, Gillian T., and Carolyn M. West. "Ablepheron Macrostomia Syndrome." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 19, no. 5 (November 12, 2008): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1977.tb07999.x.

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18

Stevens, Cathy A., and Larry A. Sargent. "Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome." American Journal of Medical Genetics 107, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.10123.

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19

Gleizal, Arnaud, Derrick C. Wan, Matthew D. Kwan, and Jean-Luc Beziat. "Myoplasty for Congenital Macrostomia." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 45, no. 2 (March 2008): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/05-190.1.

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Objective: To describe the different myoplasty techniques that could be used for limited commissural reconstruction. Methods: Twelve cases of congenital macrostomia are reported, with different cleft lengths and termination sites. For each case, an orbicular myoplasty was performed, and in the case of extension to the area of the tragus or tonsillar pillars, a masseteric myoplasty or pharyngoplasty was performed. Functional and aesthetic results were analyzed. Results: Functional results were excellent, with normal phonation, facial expression, and deglutition in the case of posterior extension. Aesthetic results were good, with only two cases of skin fasciculation during facial movement. Conclusions: Myoplasty in macrostomia could be limited to an orbicular reorientation in the case of a short cleft or can include a masseteric myoplasty or pharnygoplasty should the cleft extend further. Analyzing 90 reported cases of congenital macrostomia in the world literature, an important point has emerged. In some cases, the cleft could continue sagittally to the tonsillar pillars or laterally, distal to the anterior border of the masseter, to the region of the tragus. Repair in these cases requires reconstruction of the tonsillar pillars and masseteric repair in addition to orbicular removal. No reports in the world literature have referred to these other myoplasties that could be necessary, even if such pathology is very rare. In addition, no classification of congenital macrostomia was found in the world literature. We therefore propose a surgical classification of macrostomia relative to the nature of myoplasty required.

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20

Raveendran, Janani A., Jerry W. Chao, Gary F. Rogers, and Michael J. Boyajian. "The “Double” Tessier 7 Cleft: An Unusual Presentation of a Transverse Facial Cleft." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 6 (February 22, 2018): 903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/16-157.

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Congenital macrostomia, or Tessier number 7 cleft, is a rare craniofacial anomaly. We present a unique patient with bilateral macrostomia that consisted of a “double” transverse cleft on the left side and a single transverse cleft on the right side. A staged reconstructive approach was used to repair the “double” left-sided clefts. This staged technique produced a satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcome.

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21

Askar, Ibrahim, Ali Gurlek, and Kutlu Sevin. "Lateral Facial Clefts (Macrostomia)." Annals of Plastic Surgery 47, no. 3 (September 2001): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-200109000-00034.

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22

Yu, Chung-Chih, Raymond C. W. Goh, Lun-Jou Lo, Philip K. T. Chen, and Yu-Ray Chen. "Surgical Repair for Macrostomia." Annals of Plastic Surgery 64, no. 6 (June 2010): 751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0b013e3181b0222b.

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23

Gunturu, Srikanth, Ranganadh Nallamothu, Rama Mohan Kodali, Koteswara Rao Nadella, Leela Krishna Guttikonda, and Vijayalakshmi Uppaluru. "Macrostomia: A Review of Evolution of Surgical Techniques." Case Reports in Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/471353.

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Macrostomia is a congenital deformity resulting from failure of fusion of maxillary and mandibular process. It is a rare congenital deformity with an incidence of 1 in 60,000 to 1 in 300,000 live births. Transverse facial clefts are more common on right side of face in unilateral cases. Males are more affected than females. Various surgical techniques have been described in the literature for the correction of these defects. We report a case of macrostomia corrected with Z-plasty closure for skin, overlapping muscle closure, and triangular mucosal flap for commissure, with a review on existing techniques.

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24

Tyagunova, Yevgeniya, and John L. Sorensen. "The Biotransformation of Aromatic Amino Acids by Phoma macrostoma." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 1 (January 2010): 1934578X1000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000500120.

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A search for natural products produced in fermentation cultures of a strain of Phoma macrostoma led to the identification of tyrosol as the major metabolite produced by this organism. The addition of the amino acid tyrosine to growing fermentation cultures of P. macrostoma resulted in an increase in the production of tyrosol. It was subsequently determined that this strain of P. macrostoma was also capable of the biotransformation of other amino acids into similar alcohols.

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25

Baker, Cindy F., Carla Riva Rossi, Pamela Quiroga, Emily White, Peter Williams, Jane Kitson, Christopher M. Bice, et al. "Morphometric and physical characteristics distinguishing adult Patagonian lamprey, Geotria macrostoma from the pouched lamprey, Geotria australis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): e0250601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250601.

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The pouched lamprey, Geotria australis Gray, 1851, has long been considered monotypic in the Geotriidae family with a wide southern temperate distribution across Australasia and South America. Recent studies have provided molecular and morphological evidence for a second Geotria species in South America; Geotria macrostoma (Burmeister, 1868). The aim of this study was to determine morphometric and physical characteristics of adult G. macrostoma that further differentiate this re-instated species of Geotriidae from G. australis. The diagnostic features discriminating immature adult G. macrostoma from G. australis when entering fresh water, are distinct differences in dentition, oral papillae and fimbriae counts and differences in coloration. In addition, G. macrostoma display greater growth of the prebranchial region and oral disc and has a deeper body depth and higher condition factor. All current ecological knowledge of the genus Geotria is based on Australasian populations, which may not be applicable to G. macrostoma. To ensure the conservation and protection of the Patagonian lamprey as a re-identified species, further investigations are needed to understand its life history, biology and ecology throughout its range.

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26

Gündeşlioğlu, Ayşe Özlem. "Congenital macrostomia: a case report." Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 23, no. 3 (May 17, 2013): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5606/kbbihtisas.2013.78736.

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27

Sugihara, T. "Commissuroplasty for congenital macrostomia. (Japanese)." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 78, no. 6 (December 1986): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198678060-00040.

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28

Mahtar, M., A. Benjelloun, and A. Chekkoury Idrissi. "Macrostomie congénitale bilatérale." Revue de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale 108, no. 1 (February 2007): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stomax.2005.12.003.

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29

Cripps, M. G., K. L. Bailey, C. N. Merfield, S. D. Jackman, and G. W. Bourd?t. "The search for white tip of Californian thistle in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 67 (January 8, 2014): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2014.67.5777.

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Phoma macrostoma is a cosmopolitan fungus pathogenic to a wide range of herbaceous and woody plant species but nonpathogenic to most grasses Recently a strain of P macrostoma pathogenic to Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense) and other broadleaf weeds was registered as a bioherbicide in Canada for use in turf grass and arable cropping systemsThis strain causes a condition known as white tip disease that is characterised by symptoms of yellow to white chlorosis commonly referred to as photobleaching Symptoms characteristic of white tip disease have been observed on Californian thistle in New Zealand but it is uncertain if the causal agent is P macrostoma The aim was to determine if strains of P macrostoma that cause white tip disease and are genetically similar to the Canadian bioherbicide strain are present in New Zealand The presence of such strains would facilitate the registration of this pathogen as a bioherbicide since most safety requirements will have been satisfied by overseas research People in the agricultural industry are encouraged to look for Californian thistle with white tip symptoms and send samples to AgResearch for identification

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30

Larumbe, Jose, Patricia Villalta, and Ines Velez. "Clinical Variant of Ablepharon Macrostomia Syndrome." Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/593045.

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Ablepharon syndrome is an extremely rare genetic problem that causes severe craniofacial deformities and numerous other abnormalities of the face, genitalia, and skin. The literature regarding this condition is scarce. We present a case of this syndrome with dental manifestations, not reported before, and discuss its characteristics in order to increase the knowledge of this condition among the dental profession.

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31

SINGH, H. A. "Mental retardation, macrostomia and hyperpnoea syndrome." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 29, no. 2 (March 10, 2008): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.1993.tb00472.x.

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32

Schwarz, Richard, and Digvijay Sharma. "Straight line closure of congenital macrostomia." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 37, no. 02 (July 2004): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697223.

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ABSTRACTThe results of patients operated on by Nepal Cleft Lip and Palate Association (NECLAPA) surgeons for congenital macrostomia were prospectively studied between January 2000 and December 2002. There were four males and three females with a median age of 10 years. Three had an associated branchial arch syndrome. In all patients an overlapping repair of orbicularis oris was done. Six patients had a straight line closure with excellent cosmetic results and one a Z-plasty with a more obvious scar. All had a normal appearing commissure. Overlapping orbicularis repair with straight line skin closure for this rare congenital anomaly is recommended.

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33

Lennon, L., S. F. Calleja, and L. Castellon. "Poster 08: Transverse Facial Cleft (Macrostomia)." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 70, no. 9 (September 2012): e44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2012.06.064.

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34

Gleizal, A., S. Comiti, and J. L. Beziat. "P.037 Myoplasty for congenital macrostomia." Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 34 (September 2006): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-5182(06)60546-5.

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35

Rani, Pooja, Divye Malhotra, and Praveen Kumar Dass. "Bilateral macrostomia as a sole entity." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology 27, no. 6 (November 2015): 817–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.03.009.

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36

Yoshimura, Yohko, Tatsuo Nakajima, and Yuji Nakanishi. "Simple line closure for macrostomia repair." British Journal of Plastic Surgery 45, no. 8 (1992): 604–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-1226(92)90028-v.

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37

CAIRES, RODRIGO A., and JOSÉ LIMA DE FIGUEIREDO. "Review of the genus Microphilypnus Myers, 1927 (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Eleotridae) from the lower Amazon basin, with description of one new species." Zootaxa 3036, no. 1 (September 21, 2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3036.1.3.

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Microphilypnus Myers, 1927 is a genus with three nominal species (M. amazonicus and M. macrostoma from the lower Amazon basin, and M. ternetzi from Orinoco), and is among the most poorly studied groups of Neotropical fishes. In this paper, M. ternetzi and M. macrostoma are redescribed and validated and M. amazonicus is regarded as synonym of M. ternetzi. Also, a new species, M. acangaquara, is described from the lower Amazon.

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38

Lewis, M. C., I. G. Welsford, and G. L. Uglem. "Cercarial emergence of Proterometra macrostoma and P. edneyi (Digenea: Azygiidae): contrasting responses to light: dark cycling." Parasitology 99, no. 2 (October 1989): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000058662.

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SummaryProterometra macrostoma and P. edneyi infect the same snail host, Goniobasis semicarinata, but different fish hosts in their life-cycles. Cercariae of P. macrostoma complete development in sunfish, those of P. edneyi in darters; fish become infected when they ingest free-swimming cercariae as ‘prey’. Laboratory and field experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that light: dark (L: D) cycling regulates emergence of both species. Under L: D cycling conditions, P. macrostoma emerged in the dark and P. edneyi in the light. These emergence patterns resulted from differential sensitivity to light and dark. In the laboratory and field, reversing the light and dark periods resulted in corresponding alterations in emergence patterns of both species. Both species emerged in constant light and constant dark, but their emergence patterns were altered. Emergence patterns may represent adaptations that make the cercariae more susceptible to ‘predation’ by their respective fish hosts.

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39

Wong, Romo Gabriela, Terán Erick Carrillo, and Pérez Yadheli Xeomara Sánchez. "Surgical Alternative for Repair of Bilateral Macrostomia." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 29, no. 6 (September 2018): 1437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000004714.

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40

Kawai, Tsuyoshi, Kenichi Kurita, Neil V. Echiverre, and Nagato Natsume. "Modified technique in surgical correction of macrostomia." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 27, no. 3 (June 1998): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0901-5027(98)80005-2.

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41

Verheyden, Charles N. "Anatomical Considerations in the Repair of Macrostomia." Annals of Plastic Surgery 20, no. 4 (April 1988): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-198804000-00016.

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42

David, Albert, André Gordeeff, Jean Badoual, and Jean Delaire. "Macrostomia, ectropion, atrophic skin, hypertrichosis: Another observation." American Journal of Medical Genetics 39, no. 1 (April 1, 1991): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320390124.

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43

Kallish, Staci, Donna M. McDonald-McGinn, Mieke M. van Haelst, Scott P. Bartlett, James A. Katowitz, and Elaine H. Zackai. "Ablepharon-Macrostomia syndrome-Extension of the phenotype." American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 155, no. 12 (October 14, 2011): 3060–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.34287.

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44

ROHDE, KLAUS, and ANNO FAUBEL. "Spermatogenesis ofMacrostomum pusillum(Platyhelminthes, Macrostomida)." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 32, no. 3 (November 1997): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1997.9672626.

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45

Uglem, G. L. "Environmental sodium regulates cutaneous sugar transport in a digenean fluke." Parasitology 94, no. 1 (February 1987): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000053397.

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SUMMARYGlucose uptake was examined in adult specimens of Proterometra macrostoma (Trematoda: Digenea) recovered from the stomach (endoparasites) and gills (ectoparasites) of longear sunfish, Lepomis megalotis. The endoparasitic forms transported glucose directly through the external body surface by Na+-independent, facilitated diffusion, but the ectoparasites absorbed glucose by free diffusion alone. To determine how this transport function is regulated, cercariae were incubated in solutions having Na+ concentrations normally found in fish gut (50 mM) and in fresh water (0·5 mM). Glucose transport capacity was retained in 50 mM Na+, but disappeared in worms incubated for 1–3 days in 0·5 min Na+. Returning worms from the latter solution to one containing 50 mM Na+ fully restored glucose transport within a day. By contrast, incubation up to 5 days in 0·5 mM Na+ had no effect on glucose transport in endoparasitic adults of P. macrostoma and cercariae of P. edneyi. Thus, cutaneous sugar transport function in the migrating larva of P. macrostoma is subject to indirect regulation by environmental Na+.

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46

Fridman, Cintia, Fernando Kok, Aron Diament, and Célia P. Koiffmann. "Síndrome de Angelman: causa frequentemente não reconhecida de deficiência mental e epilepsia. relato de caso." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 55, no. 2 (June 1997): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1997000200025.

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Os autores descrevem um caso típico de síndrome de Angelman. A paciente apresenta atraso de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, deficiência mental, macrostomia, dentes espaçados, convulsões, ausência de fala, andar com a base alargada e instável, crises de risos. Os estudos citogenéticos e moleculares revelaram deleção do segmento 15q11ql3 de origem materna, confirmando o diagnóstico clínico de síndrome de Angelman.

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47

Lezama-Reus, Marco A., Gregorio Moreno-Penagos, Sergio G. Ram??rez-Ledesma, Marco A. Lozano-Guti??rrez, and Francisco Ramos-Valdelamar. "Macrostoma Repair: 15-Year Experience." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 119, no. 2 (February 2007): 757–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000254923.14609.fc.

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48

Iliev, Aleksandar, Antonio Kirkov, Goran Pancevski, Vladimir Popovski, Danica Popovic-Monevska, Sanela Idoska, Aleksandar Stamatovski, and Filip Koneski. "TESSIER No. 7 CLEFT WITH MACROSTOMIA: CASE REPORT." Academic Medical Journal 2, no. 1 (2022): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53582/amj2221133i.

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Fukuda, Osamu, and Hidemaru Takeda. "Advancement of Oral Commissure in Correcting Mild Macrostomia." Annals of Plastic Surgery 14, no. 3 (March 1985): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-198503000-00004.

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Kumar, C. Rohit, Hidayat A. Shaikh, Anil V. Kandarpalle, and Kartik Allure. "Surgical Correction of Congenital Macrostomia in Cattle Calf." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 10, no. 6 (June 25, 2019): 529–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2019.06.02.

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