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Journal articles on the topic 'Macroscopic simulation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 22 June 2024

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1

Friedland, Werner, Pavel Kundrát, Janine Becker, and Markus Eidemüller. "BIOPHYSICAL SIMULATION TOOL PARTRAC: MODELLING PROTON BEAMS AT THERAPY-RELEVANT ENERGIES." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 186, no. 2-3 (December 2019): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz197.

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ABSTRACT The biophysical simulation tool PARTRAC has been primarily developed to model radiation physics, chemistry and biology on nanometre to micrometre scales. However, the tool can be applied in simulating radiation effects in an event-by-event manner over macroscopic volumes as well. Benchmark simulations are reported showing that PARTRAC does reproduce the macroscopic Bragg peaks of proton beams, although the penetration depths are underestimated by a few per cent for high-energy beams. PARTRAC also quantifies the increase in DNA damage and its complexity along the beam penetration depth. Enhanced biological effectiveness is predicted in particular within distal Bragg peak parts of therapeutic proton beams.

2

Bruckner, Florian, Claas Abert, Christoph Vogler, Frank Heinrichs, Armin Satz, Udo Ausserlechner, Gernot Binder, Helmut Koeck, and Dieter Suess. "Macroscopic simulation of isotropic permanent magnets." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 401 (March 2016): 875–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.11.005.

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3

Ardelea, Alexandre, Graham F. Carey, Anand Pardhanani, and Walter B. Richardson. "Simulation of macroscopic superconductivity for microelectronics." Physica C: Superconductivity 341-348 (November 2000): 2649–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(00)01436-2.

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4

Helbing, D., and M. Treiber. "Numerical simulation of macroscopic traffic equations." Computing in Science & Engineering 1, no. 5 (1999): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5992.790593.

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5

Qu, Danqi, Affan Malik, and Hui-Chia Yu. "Physics-Based Simulation of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Complex Electrode Microstructures." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 2 (October 9, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-022111mtgabs.

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used technique to measure macroscopic properties of electrodes. However, the underlying connections between the obtained macroscopic properties and electrode microstructures are not well understood because of the complexity of coupled electrochemical mechanisms and microstructure morphology. In this work, we present a smoothed-boundary-method (SBM) electrochemical simulation framework to directly simulate the electrochemical dynamics with explicit consideration of electrode microstructures and extract EIS curves from the electrochemical simulations. This method uses continuous domain parameters to define the complex geometries of electrode particles and electrolyte phase in the interparticle space, thus circumventing the requirement of mesh conforming to the complex electrode microstructures in the simulations. The SBM is also utilized to calculate the double-layer capacitance that is required in the physics-based EIS simulations. The effects of the state of charge, salt concentration in electrolyte, and particle size distribution in electrode on the resulting EIS curves are examined using the SBM simulations. This simulation tool allows us to accessibly reveal the underlying connections between intrinsic material properties, microstructures, and macroscopic EIS measurements of battery electrodes.

6

Coveney, Peter V., and Shunzhou Wan. "On the calculation of equilibrium thermodynamic properties from molecular dynamics." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 44 (2016): 30236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp02349e.

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Yin, Derek, and Tony Z. Qiu. "Compatibility analysis of macroscopic and microscopic traffic simulation modeling." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 40, no. 7 (July 2013): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2012-0104.

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To implement model predictive traffic control to reduce congestion, traffic state variables such as flow, speed, and density need to be accurately predicted with real-time measurements. To evaluate the accuracy of online prediction of a macroscopic traffic model, this paper compares the predicted flow, density, and speed from a macroscopic simulation model with those from a microscopic simulation model, using METANET and VISSIM respectively, on a section of urban freeway. Three levels of traffic demands and seven different time step lengths in macroscopic simulation were applied to evaluate the compatibility of the two models. It was concluded that in the macroscopic simulation model there exists an optimum time step length, under moderate to heavy traffic demands the predicted traffic states from the macroscopic simulation are consistent with the outputs from the microscopic simulation, and under stop-and-go traffic states significant difference exists between the two models.

8

Linss, Sebastian, Dirk Michaelis, and Uwe D. Zeitner. "Macroscopic wave-optical simulation of dielectric metasurfaces." Optics Express 29, no. 7 (March 23, 2021): 10879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.415529.

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NANTHAWICHIT, Chumchoke, and Takashi NAKATSUJI. "PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF MACROSCOPIC TRAFFIC SIMULATION MODEL." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 18 (2001): 747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.18.747.

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10

Schuhmann, R., B. Bandlow, G. Lubkowski, and T. Weiland. "Micro- and macroscopic simulation of periodic metamaterials." Advances in Radio Science 6 (May 26, 2008): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-6-77-2008.

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Abstract. In order to characterize three-dimensional, left-handed metamaterials (LHM) we use electromagnetic field simulations of unit cells. For waves traveling in one of the main directions of the periodic LHM-arrays, the analysis is concentrated on the calculation of global quantities of the unit cells, such as scattering parameters or dispersion diagrams, and a careful interpretation of the results. We show that the concept of equivalent material values – which may be negative in a narrow frequency range – can be validated by large "global" simulations of a wedge structure. We also discuss the limitations of this concept, since in some cases the macroscopic behavior of an LHM cannot be accurately described by equivalent material values.

11

Obaid, Mohammed, and Arpad Torok. "Macroscopic Traffic Simulation of Autonomous Vehicle Effects." Vehicles 3, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles3020012.

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The increasing worldwide demand on urban road transportation systems requires more restrictive measures and policies to reduce congestion, time delay and pollution. Autonomous vehicle mobility services, both shared and private, are possibly a good step towards a better road transportation future. This article aims to study the expected impact of private autonomous vehicles on road traffic parameters from a macroscopic level. The proposed methodology focuses on finding the different effects of different combinations of autonomous vehicle penetration and Passenger Car Units (PCU) on the chosen road traffic model. Four parameters are studied: traveled daily kilometers, daily hours, total daily delay and average network speed. The analysis improves the four parameters differently by implementing autonomous vehicles. The parameter total delay has the most significant reduction. Finally, several mathematical models are developed for the percentage of improvement for each chosen parameter.

12

Slavnov, D. A. "Macroscopic simulation of violation of Bell’s inequality." Physics of Particles and Nuclei 41, no. 5 (September 2010): 766–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063779610050059.

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13

Knibbe, W. J. J. "Macroscopic Traffic Simulation for On-Line Forecasting." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 33, no. 9 (June 2000): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)38117-x.

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14

GONZÁLEZ–VÉLEZ, VIRGINIA, and HORACIO GONZÁLEZ–VÉLEZ. "PARALLEL STOCHASTIC SIMULATION OF MACROSCOPIC CALCIUM CURRENTS." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 05, no. 03 (June 2007): 755–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720007002679.

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This work introduces MACACO, a macroscopic calcium currents simulator. It provides a parameter-sweep framework which computes macroscopic Ca 2+ currents from the individual aggregation of unitary currents, using a stochastic model for L-type Ca 2+ channels. MACACO uses a simplified 3-state Markov model to simulate the response of each Ca 2+ channel to different voltage inputs to the cell. In order to provide an accurate systematic view for the stochastic nature of the calcium channels, MACACO is composed of an experiment generator, a central simulation engine and a post-processing script component. Due to the computational complexity of the problem and the dimensions of the parameter space, the MACACO simulation engine employs a grid-enabled task farm. Having been designed as a computational biology tool, MACACO heavily borrows from the way cell physiologists conduct and report their experimental work.

15

Huijun, Han, and Han Bing. "A Macroscopic Simulation Model of Freeway Flow." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 27, no. 12 (August 1994): 855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)47579-3.

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16

Leo, Chin Jian, and Robert L. Pretty. "Numerical simulation of macroscopic continuum traffic models." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 26, no. 3 (June 1992): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2615(92)90025-r.

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17

Goeldel, Benoit, Mohamed El Mansori, and Didier Dumur. "Macroscopic simulation of the liner honing process." CIRP Annals 61, no. 1 (2012): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2012.03.044.

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Samaey, Giovanni, Ioannis G. Kevrekidis, and Dirk Roose. "Patch dynamics: macroscopic simulation of multiscale systems." PAMM 7, no. 1 (December 2007): 1025803–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200700767.

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Slawig, Diana, Leo Rizzi, Tom Rothe, Jörg Schuster, and Christoph Tegenkamp. "Anisotropic transport properties of graphene-based conductor materials." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 26 (June 17, 2021): 14624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06231-3.

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AbstractWe analyzed nanographite-based materials in a combined study including experimental analysis via 4-point probe STM and simulation to provide a complete picture of microscopic and macroscopic properties of the material. The two- and three-dimensional transport regimes were determined and evaluated regarding the anisotropy of the conductivity. The experimental results yield the full macroscopic conductivity tensor. Microstructural simulations are used to map those macroscopic properties to the microscopic building blocks of the sample. By combining those two, we present a coherent and comprehensive description of the electrical material parameters across several length scales.

20

Schnieder, Maren, Chris Hinde, and Andrew West. "Emission Estimation of On-Demand Meal Delivery Services Using a Macroscopic Simulation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 11667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811667.

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While macroscopic simulations of passenger vehicle traffic within cities are now common practice, the integration of last mile delivery into a macroscopic simulation to evaluate the emissions has seldomly been achieved. In fact, studies focusing solely on last mile delivery generally focus on evaluating the delivery service itself. This ignores the effect the delivery service may have on the traffic flow in cities, and therefore, on the resulting emissions. This study fills this gap by presenting the results of two macroscopic traffic simulations of New York City (NYC) in PTV VISUM: (i) on-demand meal delivery services, where the emissions are evaluated for each OD-Pairs (i.e., each trip) and (ii) on-demand meal delivery services, where the emissions are evaluated for each link of the network (i.e., street). This study highlights the effect on-demand meal delivery has on the travelled distance (i.e., detours), congestion and emissions per km of every vehicle in the network, not just the delivery vehicles.

21

Biscarini, Chiara, Silvia Di Francesco, Fernando Nardi, and Piergiorgio Manciola. "Detailed Simulation of Complex Hydraulic Problems with Macroscopic and Mesoscopic Mathematical Methods." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/928309.

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The numerical simulation of fast-moving fronts originating from dam or levee breaches is a challenging task for small scale engineering projects. In this work, the use of fully three-dimensional Navier-Stokes (NS) equations and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is proposed for testing the validity of, respectively, macroscopic and mesoscopic mathematical models. Macroscopic simulations are performed employing an open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code that solves the NS combined with the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase method to represent free-surface flows. The mesoscopic model is a front-tracking experimental variant of the LBM. In the proposed LBM the air-gas interface is represented as a surface with zero thickness that handles the passage of the density field from the light to the dense phase and vice versa. A single set of LBM equations represents the liquid phase, while the free surface is characterized by an additional variable, the liquid volume fraction. Case studies show advantages and disadvantages of the proposed LBM and NS with specific regard to the computational efficiency and accuracy in dealing with the simulation of flows through complex geometries. In particular, the validation of the model application is developed by simulating the flow propagating through a synthetic urban setting and comparing results with analytical and experimental laboratory measurements.

22

Jiang, Yan Qun, and Peng Zhang. "Macroscopic Simulation of Pedestrian Flow through a Bottleneck." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 1168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.1168.

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The paper deals with the macroscopic type modelling of the unidirectional pedestrian flow moving through a corridor with a bottleneck. The macroscopic model of pedestrian flow is the two-dimensional Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model described as a mass conservation equation. The characteristic feature of pedestrian route choice is that pedestrians in the corridor try to minimize the instantaneous travel time and improve the comfort level. The model equation is solved numerically by the discontinuous Galerkin method. Numerical results visualize the ability of the model to predict macroscopic characteristics of pedestrian flow through bottlenecks, i.e. the spatial distribution of the flow speed and density, as well as the formation and dissipation of traffic congestion in the corridor. They also validate that congestion is caused by the limited capacity of the bottleneck.

23

Marín, F., F. Alhama, J. Solano, P. A. Meroño, and J. F. Sánchez. "Multi-scale Simulations of Dry Friction Using Network Simulation Method." Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences 1, no. 2 (November 23, 2016): 559–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21042/amns.2016.2.00044.

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AbstractThe study of everyday phenomena involving friction continues to maintain a high level of difficulty despite its long history. The causes of this problem lie in the different scale of the characteristics of the phenomenon, macroscopic and microscopic. Thus, very different models, valid in a narrow scope which prevents generalization, have been appearing. This survey presents the application of network simulation method to the numerical solution to the study of friction at very different scales. On the one hand, on a microscopic scale an atomic force microscope model has been studied, related to the analysis of soft surfaces at the atomic scale. Furthermore, on a macroscopic scale model related to the analysis of an industrial device, such as a brake mechanism has been studied. After presenting herein is a review of the different formulations of the friction force, the nature of the surfaces involved in the phenomenon, as well as the definition of the problems to be analyzed. The design of network models and the implementation of the initial conditions are explained. The results of the application of network models to selected problems are presented. In order to verify the reliability of the proposed models, their results are compared with the solutions obtained by other numerical methods or experimental results, one from a device developed during the preparation of this report.

24

Son, Sanghyun, Yi-Ling Qiao, Jason Sewall, and Ming C. Lin. "Differentiable Hybrid Traffic Simulation." ACM Transactions on Graphics 41, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3550454.3555492.

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We introduce a novel differentiable hybrid traffic simulator , which simulates traffic using a hybrid model of both macroscopic and microscopic models and can be directly integrated into a neural network for traffic control and flow optimization. This is the first differentiable traffic simulator for macroscopic and hybrid models that can compute gradients for traffic states across time steps and inhomogeneous lanes. To compute the gradient flow between two types of traffic models in a hybrid framework, we present a novel intermediate conversion component that bridges the lanes in a differentiable manner as well. We also show that we can use analytical gradients to accelerate the overall process and enhance scalability. Thanks to these gradients, our simulator can provide more efficient and scalable solutions for complex learning and control problems posed in traffic engineering than other existing algorithms. Refer to https://sites.google.com/umd.edu/diff-hybrid-traffic-sim for our project.

25

Hueper, Jan, Gunes Dervisoglu, Ajith Muralidharan, Gabriel Gomes, Roberto Horowitz, and Pravin Varaiya. "Macroscopic Modeling and Simulation of Freeway Traffic Flow." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 42, no. 15 (2009): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20090902-3-us-2007.0078.

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26

Yang, Jia Xuan, and Qing Wu Wang. "Research on Simulation of Maritime Macroscopic Traffic Safety." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 2051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.2051.

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In order to evaluate the ship traffic safety about the large water area, the system of maritime macroscopic traffic safety was developed, which can give the simulation result under the setting conditions, using the electronic chart display and information system conform to S57 and S52. The simulation model of ship traffic flow is proposed, which play an important part in the system. The outcome can be provided according to the assessment method of maritime safety, and displayed on the ECDIS. With the clicking on the icons by the mouse button, the information about the simulation can be offered.

27

Evans, Jack D., and François-Xavier Coudert. "Macroscopic Simulation of Deformation in Soft Microporous Composites." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 8, no. 7 (March 23, 2017): 1578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00397.

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28

Stauffer, Dietrich, and Christian Schulze. "Microscopic and macroscopic simulation of competition between languages." Physics of Life Reviews 2, no. 2 (June 2005): 89–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2005.03.001.

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29

D'Ambrosio, Donato, Giulio Iovine, William Spataro, and Hideaki Miyamoto. "A macroscopic collisional model for debris-flows simulation." Environmental Modelling & Software 22, no. 10 (October 2007): 1417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.09.009.

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30

Treiber, Martin, and Dirk Helbing. "Macroscopic simulation of widely scattered synchronized traffic states." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 32, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): L17—L23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/32/1/003.

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31

Anwar, Jamshed, and Dirk Zahn. "Polymorphic phase transitions: Macroscopic theory and molecular simulation." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 117 (August 2017): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.017.

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32

Aoyagi, Yoshiteru. "Macroscopic Yield Function Predicted by Crystal Plasticity Simulation on Ultrafine-Grained Aluminum." Key Engineering Materials 725 (December 2016): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.725.249.

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In this study, using experiment results obtained by electron backscatter diffraction, information on crystal orientation is introduced into a computational model for crystal plasticity simulation considering the effects of grain boundaries and dislocation sources to express the effect of the microstructure of ultrafine-grained metals. Finite-element simulations are performed for a polycrystal of an aluminum plate under biaxial tension. The multiscale crystal plasticity simulations depict the yield surface of the ultrafine-grained aluminum produced by accumulative roll-bonding processes. The anisotropic material coefficients of a higher-ordered yield function for ultrafine-grained aluminum are derived using a genetic algorithm.

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POTAPOV, ALEXANDER V., MARK A. HOPKINS, and CHARLES S. CAMPBELL. "A TWO-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF SOLID FRACTURE PART I: DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics C 06, no. 03 (June 1995): 371–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183195000277.

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This paper describes a two-dimensional computer simulation of solid fracture that allows the body and the fragments to be followed well beyond the point of simple crack formation. The model is based on discrete particle computer simulations used for studying granular flows. Here, macroscopic polygonal solid are constructed by “gluing” together small elements. Depending on the stress conditions the glued bonds between the elements can respond elastically, undergo plastic failure or break, allowing cracks to propagate across the macroscopic particle along the boundaries between their microscopic constituents. In essence, this process creates a simulated material upon which breakage occurs. Several element shapes have been studied.

34

Loewenberg, Michael. "Numerical Simulation of Concentrated Emulsion Flows." Journal of Fluids Engineering 120, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 824–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2820744.

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The macroscopic flow and detailed microphysics of a concentrated emulsion are described with three-dimensional numerical simulations. Numerical predictions for deformable drop interactions in shear-flow are in very close agreement to direct microscopic measurements. The results illustrate that drop deformation stabilizes drops against coalescence. Numerical simulations are used to describe an emulsion in shear flow at dispersed-phase volume fractions up to 30 percent. Shear-thinning viscosities and large normal stresses are found. The results are used to describe pressure-driven flow of a concentrated emulsion in a cylindrical tube. Blunted macroscopic velocity profiles and shear-thinning apparent viscosities are predicted. Our results suggest that some features of moderately concentrated emulsion flows can be predicted by an effective mean-field model.

35

Meglio, Armando Di, and Nicola Massarotti. "Application of the porous media approach to a Standing Wave Thermoacoustic Engine for CFD simulations." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2509, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2509/1/012005.

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Abstract In this article, an application of the macroscopic porous media approach, suitable for CFD simulations in oscillating flows, is proposed for a simplified Standing Wave Thermo-Acoustic Engine (SWTAE), composed of a hot buffer tube, a stack - where the energy conversion takes place - and the rest of the resonator. While for a Travelling Wave Thermo-Acoustic Engine (TWTAE) a macroscopic model for porous media has been successfully applied to both regenerators (similar to the stack in a SWTA) and heat exchangers, for SWTAE this is not true. The results illustrate that a Local-Thermal Non-Equilibrium model is required to start up the SWTAE, otherwise (with the Local Thermal Equilibrium model) the thermoacoustic instability cannot arise. Furthermore, the comparison between the simulation conducted at the microscopic scale and that one at the macroscopic level, depicts that a purely Darcy-linear model employed for the macroscopic model, characterized for oscillating flows, overpredicts the pressure amplitude at periodic steady-state. For this reason, a Forchheimer-like coefficient needs to be implemented to fit the macroscopic solution with the microscopic one.

36

Gai, Wen Hai, Ran Guo, and Yuan Yuan Liu. "The Recent Developments of Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 444-445 (October 2013): 1370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.1370.

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Based on the development of nanomaterials and the research on performance parameters of materials, molecular dynamics simulation has been rapid development and application. It is widely found that the material's physical, mechanical and other properties are both closely related to its macroscopic state and microstructure [. In order to explore and understand the nature of the material properties we need to analyze various impact factors including macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic. This paper describes the basic concepts and methods of molecular dynamics. The contents are comprised of time step, formulas such as Lagrange equations of motion and Hamiltonian equations of motion. The basic principles and recent developments of molecular dynamics were reviewed.

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Li, Yangmin, and Xin Chen. "Modeling and simulation of swarms for collecting objects." Robotica 24, no. 3 (October 31, 2005): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574705002195.

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A mathematic model is established to describe a swarm with multi-behavior. Regarding a swarm designed for cooperative task, we propose a model which includes a macroscopic model and a individual-based model. The macroscopic framework model describes global dynamics of swarms, which is normally expressed by dynamical populations' densities with different behaviors, while the individual-based framework model describes a individual agent's trajectory. Based on these models, we prove that all objects can be collected to the “home” area under conditions of individual agents subject to sensor constraints.

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Hlobil, Michal, and Konstantinos Sotiriadis. "A Numerical Approach to Multiscale Simulation of Cement Paste Strength." Solid State Phenomena 325 (October 11, 2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.325.3.

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Recent experimental investigations on the nanoscale of hardened cement paste revealed that the tensile strengths of the microstructural phases present amount to several hundreds of MPa. Confrontation with macroscopic tensile strength testing, by e.g. Brazilian splitting, shows a decrease over two orders of magnitude. A computational model based on a hierarchical representation of hardened cement paste microstructure is presented in this paper, attempting to shed light on the factors affecting the scaling of strength from the nanoscopic scale up to the macroscopic scale. The model is validated on a case study featuring a Portland-limestone cement paste subjected to an external sulfate attack. Such conditions compromise the nanoscopic integrity of the C-S-H gel as a consequence of the progressive decalcification and affect the overall load-bearing capacity of the macroscopic cement paste specimen.

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Jiang, Yan Qun, and Shu Guang Zhou. "Macroscopic Simulation of Traffic Flow on Continuum Urban Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 887–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.887.

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In this paper, a macroscopic model is applied to simulate dynamical features of traffic flow on a continuum urban network. This model is described as the two-dimensional Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model coupled with a reactive dynamic user-optimal route choice model. Numerical results visualize the ability of the model to predict some macroscopic characteristics of traffic flow on networks, i.e. the spatial distribution of flow density and travel cost of users, as well as to capture traffic congestion build-up and dissipation.

40

Pospelov, A. P. "Macroscopic simulation of atom-sized structures of functional materials: phenomenology of the elongated electrode system." Functional materials 24, no. 3 (September 29, 2017): 005–468. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm24.03.463.

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41

Guan, Shi Jie, and Hai Zhao. "Research on Internet Macroscopic Topology Structure." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 1744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.1744.

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This paper is aim to introduce the research background and the significance of the complex network on Internet macroscopic topology structure , then three subjects are putted forward that Generation method, simulation study and Evolution analysis are important on research on Internet macroscopic topology structure. At last,explain and analyse the research method on Internet macroscopic topology structure.

42

Liang, Shixue, Xiaodan Ren, and Jie Li. "A mesh-size-objective modeling of quasi-brittle material using micro-cell informed damage law." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 27, no. 6 (June 9, 2017): 913–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789517713335.

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A multi-scale approach for mesh size independent finite element analysis of quasi-brittle material is proposed in this article. The homogenization based multi-scale damage representation is first introduced in obtaining the damage law from micro-cell simulation with consideration of microscopic crack propagation. The key idea to remedy the mesh size sensitivity in the 2D macroscopic finite element analysis is to introduce a damage law directly from the micro-cell simulation, where the micro-cell size should be identical to the macroscopic mesh size. The micro-cells with different sizes are generated and the corresponding simulations are presented in the numerical tests to obtain the micro-cell dependent damage law. The mesh independent finite element analysis results of the notched beam and the double-edge notched specimen affirm the strategy of correcting the mesh sensitivity.

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Huang, Ziyang, and Guowei Zeng. "Microstructure characterization and crystal plastic finite element simulation of additive manufacturing 316 L stainless steel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2553, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2553/1/012073.

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Abstract Due to the layer-by-layer molding mode of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, the mechanical properties of additive manufacturing structural parts are very different from those of traditional structural parts. The macroscopic mechanical properties of additive structural parts show obvious anisotropy; thus, the macroscopic model is not suitable to describe the effect of material microstructure (grain distribution, initial grain orientation, etc.) on the macroscopic mechanical behavior. Setting up a simplified structure microstructure of representative volume element (RVE), and the mechanical behavior response of AM 316 L stainless steel is simulated based on the finite element method for crystal plasticity. While uniaxial tension was regarded as a typical loading, the effect of microstructure on macroscopic mechanical properties is analyzed in combination with grain distribution and grain orientation. The results show that the numerical model not only reflects the impact of microstructure on macroscopic mechanical behavior but also suggests theoretical advice for practical production.

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Aoyagi, Yoshiteru, Atsushi Sagara, Chihiro Watanabe, Masakazu Kobayashi, Yoshikazu Todaka, and Hiromi Miura. "Crystal Plasticity Simulation Considering Microstructures of Austenitic Stainless Steel on Macroscopic Yield Function." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.212.

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In this study, yield surfaces of austenitic stainless steel produced by a cold-rolling process are measured using uniaxial and biaxial tensile tests. Using results obtained by electron backscatter diffraction, information on crystal orientation is introduced into a computational model for a multiscale crystal plasticity simulation. Finite element simulations for polycrystal of fine-grained austenitic stainless steel under biaxial tension are performed in order to predict yield surfaces of fine-grained austenitic stainless steel. Validity of predicted yield surfaces is evaluated by comparison between yield surfaces obtained by numerical simulations and experimental tensile tests.

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Uchida, Makoto, and Naoya Tada. "Computational Simulation of Micro- to Macroscopic Deformation Behavior of Cavitated Rubber Blended Amorphous Polymer Using Second-Order Homogenization Method." Key Engineering Materials 626 (August 2014): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.626.74.

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To evaluate the effect of the size of the microstructure on the mechanical property of the cavitated rubber blended (voided) amorphous polymer, the FEM simulation based on the rate form second-order homogenization method, in which rates of the macroscopic strain and strain gradient are given to the microstructure, was performed. Computational simulations of micro-to macroscopic deformation behaviors of amorphous polymers including different sizes and volume fractions of the voids were performed. Non-affine molecular chain network theory was employed to represent the inelastic deformation behavior of the amorphous polymer matrix. With the increase in the volume fraction of the void, decrease and periodical fluctuation of stress and localized deformation in the macroscopic field were observed, and were more emphasized with the increase in the size of the void. These results were closely related to the non-uniform deformation and volume increase of the void in the microscopic field.

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Freed, David M. "Lattice-Boltzmann Method for Macroscopic Porous Media Modeling." International Journal of Modern Physics C 09, no. 08 (December 1998): 1491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183198001357.

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An extension to the basic lattice-BGK algorithm is presented for modeling a simulation region as a porous medium. The method recovers flow through a resistance field with arbitrary values of the resistance tensor components. Corrections to a previous algorithm are identified. Simple validation tests are performed which verify the accuracy of the method, and demonstrate that inertial effects give a deviation from Darcy's law for nominal simulation velocities.

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Ni, Hailun, Olav Møyner, Kuncho D. Kurtev, and Sally M. Benson. "Quantifying CO2 capillary heterogeneity trapping through macroscopic percolation simulation." Advances in Water Resources 155 (September 2021): 103990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.103990.

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Stamos, Iraklis, Josep Maria Salanova Grau, Evangelos Mitsakis, and Socratis Mamarikas. "MACROSCOPIC FUNDAMENTAL DIAGRAMS: SIMULATION FINDINGS FOR THESSALONIKI’S ROAD NETWORK." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT ENGINEERING 5, no. 3 (September 2015): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7708/ijtte.2015.5(3).01.

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Johansson, Ingrid, Carl-William Palmqvist, Hans Sipilä, Jennifer Warg, and Markus Bohlin. "Microscopic and macroscopic simulation of early freight train departures." Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 21 (March 2022): 100295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2022.100295.

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Smolyakov, V. K., O. V. Lapshin, and V. V. Boldyrev. "Mathematical simulation of mechanochemical synthesis in a macroscopic approximation." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 42, no. 1 (February 2008): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579508010077.

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