Relevant bibliographies by topics / Macroscopic simulation

Academic literature on the topic 'Macroscopic simulation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 22 June 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Macroscopic simulation":

1

Friedland, Werner, Pavel Kundrát, Janine Becker, and Markus Eidemüller. "BIOPHYSICAL SIMULATION TOOL PARTRAC: MODELLING PROTON BEAMS AT THERAPY-RELEVANT ENERGIES." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 186, no. 2-3 (December 2019): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz197.

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ABSTRACT The biophysical simulation tool PARTRAC has been primarily developed to model radiation physics, chemistry and biology on nanometre to micrometre scales. However, the tool can be applied in simulating radiation effects in an event-by-event manner over macroscopic volumes as well. Benchmark simulations are reported showing that PARTRAC does reproduce the macroscopic Bragg peaks of proton beams, although the penetration depths are underestimated by a few per cent for high-energy beams. PARTRAC also quantifies the increase in DNA damage and its complexity along the beam penetration depth. Enhanced biological effectiveness is predicted in particular within distal Bragg peak parts of therapeutic proton beams.
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Bruckner, Florian, Claas Abert, Christoph Vogler, Frank Heinrichs, Armin Satz, Udo Ausserlechner, Gernot Binder, Helmut Koeck, and Dieter Suess. "Macroscopic simulation of isotropic permanent magnets." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 401 (March 2016): 875–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.11.005.

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Ardelea, Alexandre, Graham F. Carey, Anand Pardhanani, and Walter B. Richardson. "Simulation of macroscopic superconductivity for microelectronics." Physica C: Superconductivity 341-348 (November 2000): 2649–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(00)01436-2.

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Helbing, D., and M. Treiber. "Numerical simulation of macroscopic traffic equations." Computing in Science & Engineering 1, no. 5 (1999): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5992.790593.

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Qu, Danqi, Affan Malik, and Hui-Chia Yu. "Physics-Based Simulation of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Complex Electrode Microstructures." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 2 (October 9, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-022111mtgabs.

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used technique to measure macroscopic properties of electrodes. However, the underlying connections between the obtained macroscopic properties and electrode microstructures are not well understood because of the complexity of coupled electrochemical mechanisms and microstructure morphology. In this work, we present a smoothed-boundary-method (SBM) electrochemical simulation framework to directly simulate the electrochemical dynamics with explicit consideration of electrode microstructures and extract EIS curves from the electrochemical simulations. This method uses continuous domain parameters to define the complex geometries of electrode particles and electrolyte phase in the interparticle space, thus circumventing the requirement of mesh conforming to the complex electrode microstructures in the simulations. The SBM is also utilized to calculate the double-layer capacitance that is required in the physics-based EIS simulations. The effects of the state of charge, salt concentration in electrolyte, and particle size distribution in electrode on the resulting EIS curves are examined using the SBM simulations. This simulation tool allows us to accessibly reveal the underlying connections between intrinsic material properties, microstructures, and macroscopic EIS measurements of battery electrodes.
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Coveney, Peter V., and Shunzhou Wan. "On the calculation of equilibrium thermodynamic properties from molecular dynamics." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 44 (2016): 30236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp02349e.

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Yin, Derek, and Tony Z. Qiu. "Compatibility analysis of macroscopic and microscopic traffic simulation modeling." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 40, no. 7 (July 2013): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2012-0104.

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To implement model predictive traffic control to reduce congestion, traffic state variables such as flow, speed, and density need to be accurately predicted with real-time measurements. To evaluate the accuracy of online prediction of a macroscopic traffic model, this paper compares the predicted flow, density, and speed from a macroscopic simulation model with those from a microscopic simulation model, using METANET and VISSIM respectively, on a section of urban freeway. Three levels of traffic demands and seven different time step lengths in macroscopic simulation were applied to evaluate the compatibility of the two models. It was concluded that in the macroscopic simulation model there exists an optimum time step length, under moderate to heavy traffic demands the predicted traffic states from the macroscopic simulation are consistent with the outputs from the microscopic simulation, and under stop-and-go traffic states significant difference exists between the two models.
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Linss, Sebastian, Dirk Michaelis, and Uwe D. Zeitner. "Macroscopic wave-optical simulation of dielectric metasurfaces." Optics Express 29, no. 7 (March 23, 2021): 10879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.415529.

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NANTHAWICHIT, Chumchoke, and Takashi NAKATSUJI. "PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF MACROSCOPIC TRAFFIC SIMULATION MODEL." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 18 (2001): 747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.18.747.

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Schuhmann, R., B. Bandlow, G. Lubkowski, and T. Weiland. "Micro- and macroscopic simulation of periodic metamaterials." Advances in Radio Science 6 (May 26, 2008): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-6-77-2008.

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Abstract. In order to characterize three-dimensional, left-handed metamaterials (LHM) we use electromagnetic field simulations of unit cells. For waves traveling in one of the main directions of the periodic LHM-arrays, the analysis is concentrated on the calculation of global quantities of the unit cells, such as scattering parameters or dispersion diagrams, and a careful interpretation of the results. We show that the concept of equivalent material values – which may be negative in a narrow frequency range – can be validated by large "global" simulations of a wedge structure. We also discuss the limitations of this concept, since in some cases the macroscopic behavior of an LHM cannot be accurately described by equivalent material values.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Macroscopic simulation":

1

Pauthenet, Martin. "Macroscopic model and numerical simulation of elastic canopy flows." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0072/document.

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On étudie l'écoulement turbulent d'un fluide sur une canopée, que l'on modélise comme un milieu poreux déformable. Ce milieu poreux est en fait composé d'un tapis de fibres susceptibles de se courber sous la charge hydrodynamique du fluide, et ainsi de créer un couplage fluide-structure à l'échelle d'une hauteur de fibre (honami). L'objectif de la thèse est de développer un modèle macroscopique de cette interaction fluide-structure, afin d'en réaliser des simulations numériques. Une approche numérique de simulation aux grandes échelles est donc mise en place pour capturer les grandes structures de l'écoulement et leur couplage avec les déformations du milieu poreux. Pour cela nous dérivons les équations régissant la grande échelle, au point de vue du fluide ainsi que de la phase solide. À cause du caractère non-local de la phase solide, une approche hybride est proposée. La phase fluide est décrite d'un point de vue Eulerien, tandis que la description de la dynamique de la phase solide nécessite une représentation Lagrangienne. L'interface entre le fluide et le milieu poreux est traitée de manière continue. Cette approche de l'interface fluide/poreux est justifiée par un développement théorique sous forme de bilan de masse et de quantité de mouvement à l'interface. Ce modèle hybride est implémenté dans un solveur écrit en C$++$, à partir d'un solveur fluide disponible dans la librairie CFD \openfoam. Un préalable nécessaire à la réalisation d'un tel modèle macroscopique est la connaissance des phénomènes de la petite échelle en vue de les modéliser. Deux axes sont explorés concernant cet aspect. Le premier consiste à étudier les effets de l'inertie sur la perte de charge en milieu poreux. Un paramètre géométrique est proposé pour caractériser la sensibilité d'une microstructure poreuse à l'inertie de l'écoulement du fluide dans ses pores. L'efficacité de ce paramètre géométrique est validée sur une diversité de microstructures et le caractère général du paramètre est démontré. Une loi asymptotique est ensuite proposée pour modéliser les effets de l'inertie sur la perte de charge, et comprendre comment celle-ci évolue en fonction de la nature de la microstructure du milieu poreux. Le deuxième axe d'étude de la petite échelle consiste à étudier l'effet de l’interaction fluide-structure à l'échelle du pore sur la perte de charge au niveau macroscopique. Comme les cas présentent de grands déplacements de la phase solide, une approche par frontières immergées est proposée. Ainsi deux méthodes numériques sont employées pour appliquer la condition de non-glissement à l'interface fluid/solide: l'une par interface diffuse, l'autre par reconstitution de l'interface. Cela permet une validation croisée des résultats et d'atteindre des temps de calcul acceptables tout en maîtrisant la précision des résultats numériques. Cette étude permet de montrer que l'interaction fluide-structure à l'échelle du pore a un effet considérable sur la perte de charge effective au niveau macroscopique. Des questions fondamentales sont ensuite abordées, telles que la taille d'un élément représentatif ou la forme des équations de transport dans un milieu poreux souple
We study the turbulent flow of a fluid over a canopy, that we model as a deformable porous medium. This porous medium is more precisely a carpet of fibres that bend under the hydrodynamic load, hence initiating a fluid-structure coupling at the scale of a fibre's height (honami). The objective of the thesis is to develop a macroscopic model of this fluid-structure interaction in order to perform numerical simulations of this process. The volume averaging method is implemented to describe the large scales of the flow and their interaction with the deformable porous medium. An hybrid approach is followed due to the non-local nature of the solid phase; While the large scales of the flow are described within an Eulerian frame by applying the method of volume averaging, a Lagrangian approach is proposed to describe the ensemble of fibres. The interface between the free-flow and the porous medium is handle with a One-Domain- Approach, which we justify with the theoretical development of a mass- and momentum- balance at the fluid/porous interface. This hybrid model is then implemented in a parallel code written in C$++$, based on a fluid- solver available from the \openfoam CFD toolbox. Some preliminary results show the ability of this approach to simulate a honami within a reasonable computational cost. Prior to implementing a macroscopic model, insight into the small-scale is required. Two specific aspects of the small-scale are therefore studied in details; The first development deals with the inertial deviation from Darcy's law. A geometrical parameter is proposed to describe the effect of inertia on Darcy's law, depending on the shape of the microstructure of the porous medium. This topological parameter is shown to efficiently characterize inertia effects on a diversity of tested microstructures. An asymptotic filtration law is then derived from the closure problem arising from the volume averaging method, proposing a new framework to understand the relationship between the effect of inertia on the macroscopic fluid-solid force and the topology of the microstructure of the porous medium. A second research axis is then investigated. As we deal with a deformable porous medium, we study the effect of the pore-scale fluid-structure interaction on the filtration law as the flow within the pores is unsteady, inducing time-dependent fluidstresses on the solid- phase. For that purpose, we implement pore-scale numerical simulations of unsteady flows within deformable pores, focusing for this preliminary study on a model porous medium. Owing to the large displacements of the solid phase, an immersed boundary approach is implemented. Two different numerical methods are compared to apply the no-slip condition at the fluid-solid interface: a diffuse interface approach and a sharp interface approach. The objective is to find the proper method to afford acceptable computational time and a good reliability of the results. The comparison allows a cross-validation of the numerical results, as the two methods compare well for our cases. This numerical campaign shows that the pore-scale deformation has a significant impact on the pressure drop at the macroscopic scale. Some fundamental issues are then discussed, such as the size of a representative computational domain or the form of macroscopic equations to describe the momentum transport within a soft deformable porous medium
2

Nagarajan, Ramakrishnan. "Micro-macroscopic modeling and simulation of an Automated Highway System." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022008-063143/.

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Zhou, Yi. "The macroscopic fundamental diagram in urban network: analytical theory and simulation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49111.

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The Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) is a diagram that presents a relationship between the average flow (production) and the average density in an urban network. Ever since the existence of low scatter MFD in urban road network was verified, significant efforts have been made to describe the MFD quantitatively. Due to the complexity of the traffic environment in urban networks, an accurate and explicit expression for the MFD is not yet developed and many recent research efforts for MFD rely on computer simulations. On a single corridor, an analytical approximation model for the MFD exists. However, this thesis expanded this theory in two directions. First, we specialize the method for models with equal road length on the corridor, which greatly reduces the complexity of the method. We introduce the adoption of seven straight cuts in approximation. Computer simulations are conducted and show a high compatibility with the approximated results. However the analytical approximation can only be applied with the assumption of constant circulating vehicles in the system without turnings and endogenous traffics. Secondly, we show that turnings and endogenous traffic can bring various impact on the shape of the MFD, the capacity, the critical density, the variance in density and cause a phenomenon of clustered traffic status along the MFD curve. Furthermore, the simulation using stochastic variables reveals that the variance in turning rates and endogenous traffic don’t have significant impact on the MFD. This discovery enables studies to focus on scenarios with deterministic parameters for those factors. While traditional objective of engineering for network is to maximize capacity and widen the range for the maximum capacity, our results indicate that traffic stability at the maximum performance is poor if the system does not stay constantly in equilibrium status. This thesis provides insights into the factors that affect the shape of the MFD by analytical approximation and simulation.
4

De, Nicola Carmine. "Simulation and optimization of supply chains and networks using a macroscopic approach." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/172.

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2009 - 2010
The aim of thesis is to present some macroscopic models for supply chains and networks able to reproduce the goods dynamics, successively to show, via simulations, some phenomena appearing in planning and managing such systems and, nally, to deal with optimization problems. Depending on the observation scale supply networks modeling is charac- terized by di¤erent mathematical approaches: discrete event simulations and continuous models. Since discrete event models (Daganzo 2003) are based on considerations of individual parts, their main drawback is, however, an enor- mous computational e¤ort. Then a cost-e¤ective alternative to them is continu- ous models, described by some partial di¤erential equation. The rst proposed continuous models date back to the early 60 s and started with the work of Baumol (1970) and Forrester (1964), but the most signi cant in this direction was Daganzo (1997), where the authors, via a limit procedure on the number of parts and suppliers, have obtained a conservation law (Armbruster-Marthaler- Ringhofer 2004, Dafermos 1999), whose ux involves either the parts density or the maximal productive capacity. Then, in recent years continuous and homogenous product ow models have been introduced and they have been built in close connection to other transport problems like vehicular tra¢ c ow and queuing theory. Extensions on networks have been also treated. In this work, starting by the historical model of Armbruster - Degond - Ringhofer, we have compared two di¤erent macroscopic models, i.e. the Klar model, based on a di¤erential partial equation for density and an ordinary dif- ferential equation to capture the evolution of queues, and a continuum-discrete model, formed by a conservation law for the density and an evolution equa- tion for processing rate. Both the models can be applied for supply chains and networks. Moreover, an optimization problem of sequential supply chains modeled by the Klar approach has been treated. The aim is to nd the con guration of pro- duction according to the supply demand minimizing the queues length, i.e. the costs of inventory, and obtaining an expected pre-assigned out ow. The control problem is solved introducing and minimizing a cost functional which takes into account the nal ux of production and the queues representing the stores. The functional is not linear, so to nd its minimum, the vectors tangent method is introduced. This technique is based on the choice of an input ow which is a piecewise constant function, with a nite number of discontinuities. Considering on each of them an in nitesimal displacement which generates traveling tempo- ral shifts on processors and shifts on queues, we are able to compute numerically the value of the variation of functional respect to each discontinuities. Finally, we use the steepest-descent algorithm to nd, via simulations, the optimal con- guration of input ow, according to the pre- xed desired production. [edited by the author]
IX n.s.
5

Bart, Graeme. "Bridging the Microscopic and Macroscopic Realms of Laser Driven Plasma Dynamics." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38187.

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The physical processes shaping laser plasma dynamics take place on length scales ranging from the microscopic (1 ångström) to the macroscopic realms (µm). Microscopic field fluctuations due to the motions of individual plasma charges evolve on an atomic scale. Collisional effects influencing thermalization and ionization processes depend on the plasma fields on an atomic level. Simultaneously, collective processes such as plasma oscillations take place on a mesoscopic length scale of many-nm. The macroscopic realm is ultimately determined by the laser which typically spans hundreds of nm to a few µm. Consequently, ab-initio modelling of laser plasma dynamics requires the resolution of length scales from 1Å to multiple µm. As such, in order to bridge the microscopic and macroscopic length scales of light-matter interaction, in is necessary to account for the individual motions of up to ~10^11 particles. This is a not an insignificant undertaking. Until recently, approaches to numerical modelling of light-matter interactions were limited to MD and PIC, each with their own limitations. MicPIC has been developed to fill the gap left by MD and PIC but so far has not been adapted for scalable parallel processing on large distributed memory machines. Thus, its full potential was not able to be fully realized until now. This thesis presents the massively parallel MicPIC method capable of bridging the micro- and macroscopic realms. A wide range of applications that have heretofore not been accessible to theory or, at best, had limited applicability are now open for thorough investigation. Among these are nonlinear nanophotonics, quantum nanophotonics, laser machining, ab-initio dynamics of strongly coupled plasmas, high-harmonic generation, electron and x-ray sources, and optical switching. Two of the first applications of parallel MicPIC to a selection of such problems are shown and discussed below, demonstrating the applicability of the method to a wide variety of newly accessible strong field laser-plasma physics phenomena.
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Mollier, Stéphane. "Two-dimensional macroscopic models for large scale traffic networks." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT005.

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Les fréquentes congestions que connaissent les réseaux routiers des grandes métropoles mondiales ont de lourdes conséquences économiques et environnementales. La compréhension et la modélisation dynamique des mécanismes à l'origine de ces congestions permettent d'en prédire l'évolution et donc d'améliorer l'efficacité des politiques de régulations utilisées par les opérateurs du réseau.La modélisation des réseaux routiers a commencé par le cas d'une route isolée puis a été étendue à des réseaux urbains. Ce changement d'échelle présente de nombreuses difficultés en matière de temps de calcul, de calibrage et de scénarisation, ce qui a incité la communauté scientifique à s'intéresser à des modèles agrégés, décrivant une représentation simplifiée de la réalité. Un de ces modèles vise à représenter de denses réseaux urbains par une équation aux dérivées partielles continue dans le plan. Ainsi, les véhicules sont représentés par une densité bi-dimensionnelle et leurs trajectoires sont décrites comme des directions de flux.L'objectif de la thèse est de développer cette approche et de proposer des méthodes pour son calibrage et sa validation. Les contributions correspondent à trois extensions successives du modèle. Tout d'abord, un simple modèle bi-dimensionnel est proposé pour le cas de réseaux homogènes --avec des limitations de vitesse et des concentrations de routes similaires en tout point-- et dans lesquels une direction de propagation privilégiée existe. Une méthode de comparaison avec un microsimulateur est présentée. Ensuite, le modèle est étendu au cas de réseaux hétérogènes --avec des limitations de vitesse et des concentrations de routes variables-- mais toujours avec une direction privilégiée. Ces dépendances spatiales permettent de décrire les phénomènes d'engorgement existant dans les réseaux routiers. Enfin, un modèle constitué de plusieurs couches, chacune représentant une direction de flux différente, est étudié. La complexité de la modélisation réside dans la formulation des interactions entre les différentes directions. Ce type de modèle n'est pas toujours hyperbolique ce qui impacte sa stabilité
Congestion in traffic networks is a common issue in big cities and has considerable economic and environmental impacts. Traffic policies and real-time network management can reduce congestion using prediction of dynamical modeling. Initially, researchers studied traffic flow on a single road and then, they extended it to a network of roads. However, large-scale networks present challenges in terms of computation time and parameters' calibration. This led the researchers to focus on aggregated models and to look for a good balance between accuracy and practicality.One of the approaches describes traffic evolution with a continuous partial differential equation on a 2D-plane. Vehicles are represented by a two-dimensional density and their propagation is described by the flow direction. The thesis aims to develop these models and devises methods for their calibration and their validation. The contributions follow three extensions of the model.First, a simple model in two-dimensional space to describe a homogeneous network with a preferred direction of flow propagation is considered. A homogeneous network has the same speed limits and a similar concentration of roads everywhere. A method for validation using GPS probes from microsimulation is provided. Then, a space-dependent extension to describe a heterogeneous network with a preferred direction of flow propagation is presented. A heterogeneous network has different speed limits and a variable concentration of roads. Such networks are of interest because they can show how bottleneck affects traffic dynamics. Finally, the case of multiple directions of flow is considered using multiple layers of density, each layer representing a different flow direction. Due to the interaction between layers, these models are not always hyperbolic which can impact their stability
7

Schurig, Michael. "The Vertex effect in polycrystalline materials simulation, a macroscopic model, and structural application /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://diglib.uni-magdeburg.de/Dissertationen/2006/micschurig.htm.

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8

Dietrich, Sascha, H. Schulz, K. Hauch, K. Schladitz, M. Godehardt, J. Orlik, and D. Neusius. "3D Image Based Structural Analysis of Leather for Macroscopic Structure- Property Simulation - 226." Verein für Gerberei-Chemie und -Technik e. V, 2019. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34193.

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Content: The intrinsic structure significantly influences the mechanical properties of leather. In consequence, knowledge of leather’s hierarchical structure is essential in order to find the most suited leather for specific application. Leather structure based parameters are of major importance for both manufacturing and leather processing industries. In this respect, intensive structure investigations have been subjected in continuous research work. Quantitative image analysis combined with stochastic micro-structure modelling and numerical simulation of macroscopic properties is a promising approach to gain a deeper understanding of complex relations between material’s micro-structure geometry and macroscopic properties. Key ingredient is a reliable geometric description provided by the quantitative analysis of 3D images of the material micro-structures. For leather, both imaging and image analysis are particularly challenging, due to the multi-scale nature of the leather’s micro-structure. Scales in leather are not well separated. Previously, high resolution computed tomography allowed 3D imaging of purely vegetable tanned leather samples at micro- and submicro- scale. Segmentation of leather structure as well as of typical structural elements in resulting image data is however hampered by a strong heterogeneity caused by lower scale structural information. The first method for automatic segmentation of typical structural elements at varying scales combined morphological smoothing with defining and iteratively coarsening regions using the waterfall algorithm on local orientations. It yields a hierarchical segmentation of the leather into coarse and fine structural elements that can be used to analyze and compare the structure of leather samples. Size and shape of the structural elements as well as their sub-structure yield information, e. g. on undulation, branching, thickness, cross-sectional shape, and preferred directions. In order to compare the micro-structure of leather samples from various body parts or even species, the segmentation has to be applicable without extensive pre-processing and parameter tuning. Robustness can be gained by applying smoothing methods that are adapted to the goal of defining image regions by similar local orientation. The challenge is that the space of fiber orientations in 3D is not equipped with an order. Motivated by a recent approach for nevertheless defining erosion and dilation on the sphere, we suggest new definitions for these morphological base transformations on the space of directions in 3D. We present segmentation results for 3D images of leather samples derived by these new morphological smoothing methods. Take-Away: The intrinsic structure significantly influences the mechanical properties of leather. Leather’s hierarchical structure can be analyzed by quantitative 3D image analysis combined with stochastic micro-structure modelling. Segmentation results for 3D images of leather samples derived by new morphological smoothing methods.
9

Reynolds, William Leonard. "Sustainable Service Rate Analysis at Signalized Intersections with Short Left Turn Pockets Using Macroscopic Simulation." NCSU, 2010. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-171706/.

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A macroscopic simulation tool is developed and tested in order to quantify the effects of short turn pockets on the sustainable service rate of a signalized intersection. Unlike the theoretical signal capacity, the sustainable service rate includes queue interaction effects and is thus influenced by blockage and spillback at the entrance to a short turn pocket. Previous research on the topic has focused either on the probability of spillback from a short turn pocket or the operation of a system with a single approach lane. No macroscopic model currently available has the ability to analyze throughput reductions due to short turn pocket effects on a multilane approach. The model described herein utilizes a series of flow and density restrictions on cells of varying sizes on the approach to the intersection. Results indicate sensitivity of the model to turn pocket spillback, blockage, saturation flow rate, pocket length, lane utilization, phase sequence, phase overlap, permitted phasing, and time-dependent demand. A phase optimization procedure is also described to help efficiently allocate green time for a given set of turn pocket lengths and turn movement percentages. Outputs from the model compare favorably to results generated using microsimulation software, and recommendations are made regarding additional model enhancements and testing needs.
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Hildebrand, Cisilia, and Stina Hörtin. "A comparative study between Emme and Visum with respect to public transport assignment." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-112783.

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Macroscopic traffic simulations are widely used in the world in order to provide assistance in the traffic infrastructure development as well as for the strategic traffic planning. When studying a large traffic network macroscopic traffic simulation can be used to model current and future traffic situations. The two most common software used for traffic simulation in Sweden today are Emme and Visum, developed by INRO respective PTV. The aim of the thesis is to perform a comparison between the software Emme and Visum with respect to the assignment of public transport, in other words how passengers choose their routes on the existing public transport lines. However, in order to make a complete software comparison the run-time, analysis capabilities, multi-modality, capacity to model various behavioural phenomena like crowding, fares etc. this will not be done in this comparison. It is of interest to study the differences between the two software algorithms and why they might occur because the Swedish Transport Administration uses Emme and the Traffic Administration in Stockholm uses Visum when planning public transport. The comparison will include the resulting volumes on transit lines, travel times, flow through specific nodes, number of boarding, auxiliary volumes and number of transits. The goal of this work is to answer the following objective: What are the differences with modelling a public transport network in Emme and in Visum, based on that the passengers only have information about the travel times and the line frequency, and why does the differences occur? In order to evaluate how the algorithms work in a larger network, Nacka municipality (in Stockholm) and the new metro route between Nacka Forum and Kungsträdgården have been used. The motivation for choosing this area and case is due to that it is interesting to see what differences could occur between the programs when there is a major change in the traffic network. The network of Nacka, and parts of Stockholm City, has been developed from an existing road network of Sweden and then restricted by "cutting out" the area of interest and then removing all public transportation lines outside the selected area. The OD-matrix was also limited and in order not to loose the correct flow of travellers portal zones was used to collect and retain volumes. To find out why the differences occur the headway-based algorithms in each software were studied carefully. An example of a small and simple network (consisting of only a start and end node) has been used to demonstrate and show how the algorithms work and why volumes split differently on the existing transit lines in Emme and Visum. The limited network of Nacka shows how the different software may produce different results in a larger public transport network. The results show that there are differences between the program algorithms but the significance varies depending on which output is being studied and the size of the network. The Visum algorithm results in more total boardings, i.e. more passengers have an optimal strategy including a transit. The algorithms are very similar in both software programs, since they include more or less parts of the optimal strategy. The parameters used are taken more or less into consideration in Emme and Visum. For example Visum will first of all focus on the shortest total travel time and then consider the other lines with respect to the maximum waiting time. Emme however, first focuses on the shortest travel time and then considers the total travel time for other lines with half the waiting time instead of the maximum wait time. This results in that less transit lines will be attractive in Emme compared to Visum. The thesis concludes that varying the parameters for public transport in each software algorithm one can obtain similar results, which implies that it is most important to choose the best parameter values and not to choose the "best" software when simulating a traffic network.
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Books on the topic "Macroscopic simulation":

1

Mora, Peter, Mitsuhiro Matsu’ura, Raul Madariaga, and Jean-Bernard Minster, eds. Microscopic and Macroscopic Simulation: Towards Predictive Modelling of the Earthquake Process. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7695-7.

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National Research Council. Transportation Research Board., ed. Traffic flow theory: Simulation models, macroscopic flow relationships, and flow estimation and prediction. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998.

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Satdarova, Faina. DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF DEFORMED METALS: Theory, Methods, Programs. xxu: Academus Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/monography_1598.

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General analysis of the distribution of crystals orientation and dislocation density in the polycrystalline system is presented. Recovered information in diffraction of X-rays adopting is new to structure states of polycrystal. Shear phase transformations in metals — at the macroscopic and microscopic levels — become a clear process. Visualizing the advances is produced by program included in package delivered. Mathematical models developing, experimental design, optimal statistical estimation, simulation the system under study and evolution process on loading serves as instrumentation. To reduce advanced methods to research and studies problem-oriented software will promote when installed. Automation programs passed a testing in the National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (The Russian Federation, Moscow). You score an advantage in theoretical and experimental research in the field of physics of metals.
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Hoover, William G., and Carol Griswold Hoover. Microscopic and Macroscopic Simulation Techniques: Kharagpur Lectures. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2018.

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Boudreau, Joseph F., and Eric S. Swanson. Simulation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198708636.003.0015.

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This chapter is devoted to Monte Carlo simulation of stochastic processes, both fundamental processes and those involving radiation transport through macroscopic material. The computation of fundamental processes builds on the treatment of rotations and Lorentz transformations from the previous chapter and expands it with a discussion of computational techniques for the evaluation of Feynman diagrams. The simulation of radiation transport covers electromagnetic processes such as ionization energy loss, bremsstrahlung, and pair production. A discussion of real-life challenges in the simulation of radiation transport is included, as well as a brief discussion of simulation toolkits that are available for solving industrial-strength problems. The discussion is intended to give an overview of some of the principal computational and numerical techniques enabling these toolkits.
6

Computer simulation in materials science: Nano/meso/macroscopic space & time scales. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

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Mora, Peter, Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura, Raul Madariaga, and Jean-Bernard Minster. Microscopic and Macroscopic Simulation: Towards Predictive Modelling of the Earthquake Process. Birkhauser Verlag, 2013.

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Kubin, Ladislas P., Vassilis Pontikis, and H. O. Kirchner. Computer Simulation in Materials Science: Nano / Meso / Macroscopic Space & Time Scales. Springer, 2011.

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(Editor), Peter Mora, Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura (Editor), Raul Madariaga (Editor), and Jean-Bernard Minster (Editor), eds. Microscopic and Macroscopic Simulation: Towards Predictive Modelling of the Earthquake Process (Pageoph Topical Volumes). Birkhauser, 2001.

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(Editor), H. O. Kirchner, Ladislas P. Kubin (Editor), and V. Pontikis (Editor), eds. Computer Simulation in Materials Science : Nano/Meso/Macroscopic Space & Time Scales (NATO Asi Series. Series E, Applied Sciences, No 308) (NATO Science Series E: (closed)). Springer, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Macroscopic simulation":

1

Liao, Shijun. "On the Origin of Macroscopic Randomness." In Clean Numerical Simulation, 57–74. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003299622-4.

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Bungartz, Hans-Joachim, Stefan Zimmer, Martin Buchholz, and Dirk Pflüger. "Macroscopic Simulation of Road Traffic." In Springer Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics and Technology, 149–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39524-6_7.

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Yu, Zhiping, Robert W. Dutton, Danie W. Yergeau, and Mario G. Ancona. "Macroscopic Quantum Carrier Transport Modeling." In Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices 2001, 1–9. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6244-6_1.

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Pietschmann, Jan-Frederik. "Connection Between Microscopic and Macroscopic Models." In Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds, 43–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8483-7_3.

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Cervenka, Johann, Robert Kosik, Markus Jech, Martin Vasicek, Markus Gritsch, Siegfried Selberherr, and Tibor Grasser. "Macroscopic Transport Models for Classical Device Simulation." In Springer Handbook of Semiconductor Devices, 1335–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79827-7_37.

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Kurihara, Takayuki. "Numerical Simulation of the Macroscopic Domain Formation." In Observation and Control of Magnetic Order Dynamics by Terahertz Magnetic Nearfield, 85–102. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8793-8_5.

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Pigorsch, Carsten, Roland Stenzel, and Wilfried Klix. "Coupled 2D-microscopic/macroscopic simulation of nanoelectronic heterojunction devices." In Simulation of Semiconductor Devices and Processes, 230–33. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6619-2_55.

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Mahato, Naveen Kumar, Axel Klar, and Sudarshan Tiwari. "Modeling and Simulation of Macroscopic Pedestrian Flow Models." In Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2018, 437–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27550-1_55.

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Gehling, M. Große, and H. Vehoff. "Simulation of the Stability of Microcracks in Macroscopic Structures." In Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Processes - Computer Simulation and Modelling, 202–8. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606157.ch32.

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Uhlmann, E., R. Mahnken, I. M. Ivanov, and C. Cheng. "Thermo-Mechanical Simulation of Hard Turning with Macroscopic Models." In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 95–132. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57120-1_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Macroscopic simulation":

1

Drees, Jan Peter, Lukas Stratmann, Fabian Bronner, Max Bartunik, Jens Kirchner, Harald Unterweger, and Falko Dressler. "Efficient simulation of macroscopic molecular communication." In NANOCOM '20: The Seventh Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3411295.3411297.

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Caldas, Ines, Joao Moreira, Jose Rebelo, and Rosaldo J. F. Rossetti. "Exploring Visualization Metaphors in Macroscopic Traffic Simulation." In 2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isc2.2018.8656950.

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García, María, and Carlos Hernández. "Development Of Rapid Macroscopic Traffic Simulation Models." In 2nd South American Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Michigan, USA: IEOM Society International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/sa02.20210708.

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"Macroscopic Simulation of Multi-axis Machining Processes." In 10th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004631905050516.

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Jan, Hüper,. "Macroscopic Modeling and Simulation of Freeway Traffic Flow." In Control in Transportation Systems, edited by Chassiakos, Anastasios, Chair De Schutter, and Ioannou, Petros. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20090902-3-us-2007.00018.

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Gomes, Gabriel, Juliette Ugirumurera, and Xiaoye S. Li. "Distributed macroscopic traffic simulation with Open Traffic Models." In 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294316.

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Delis, Anargiros I., Ioannis K. Nikolos, and Markos Papageorgiou. "Macroscopic Modelling and Simulation of Multi-lane Traffic." In 2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems - (ITSC 2015). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2015.357.

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Guo, Ruochen, Marley Becerra, and Junhao Li. "Macroscopic Simulation of Streamer Development in Mineral Oil." In 2022 IEEE 21st International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl49583.2022.9830930.

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Scala, Paolo, Miguel Mujica, Daniel Delahaye, and Ji Ma. "A Generic Framework for Modeling Airport Operations At A Macroscopic Level." In 2019 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc40007.2019.9004865.

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Ancona, M. G., and A. Svizhenko. "Physics of tunneling from a macroscopic perspective." In 2008 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sispad.2008.4648312.

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Reports on the topic "Macroscopic simulation":

1

Peter J. Mucha. Final Report: Model interacting particle systems for simulation and macroscopic description of particulate suspensions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/939459.

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Oliynyk, Kateryna, and Matteo Ciantia. Application of a finite deformation multiplicative plasticity model with non-local hardening to the simulation of CPTu tests in a structured soil. University of Dundee, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001230.

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In this paper an isotropic hardening elastoplastic constitutive model for structured soils is applied to the simulation of a standard CPTu test in a saturated soft structured clay. To allow for the extreme deformations experienced by the soil during the penetration process, the model is formulated in a fully geometric non-linear setting, based on: i) the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into an elastic and a plastic part; and, ii) on the existence of a free energy function to define the elastic behaviour of the soil. The model is equipped with two bonding-related internal variables which provide a macroscopic description of the effects of clay structure. Suitable hardening laws are employed to describe the structure degradation associated to plastic deformations. The strain-softening associated to bond degradation usually leads to strain localization and consequent formation of shear bands, whose thickness is dependent on the characteristics of the microstructure (e.g, the average grain size). Standard local constitutive models are incapable of correctly capturing this phenomenon due to the lack of an internal length scale. To overcome this limitation, the model is framed using a non-local approach by adopting volume averaged values for the internal state variables. The size of the neighbourhood over which the averaging is performed (characteristic length) is a material constant related to the microstructure which controls the shear band thickness. This extension of the model has proven effective in regularizing the pathological mesh dependence of classical finite element solutions in the post-localization regime. The results of numerical simulations, conducted for different soil permeabilities and bond strengths, show that the model captures the development of plastic deformations induced by the advancement of the cone tip; the destructuration of the clay associated with such plastic deformations; the space and time evolution of pore water pressure as the cone tip advances. The possibility of modelling the CPTu tests in a rational and computationally efficient way opens a promising new perspective for their interpretation in geotechnical site investigations.
3

Scudder, Jack. Final Scientific/Technical Report for "Role of Electron Kinetic Effects on the Macroscopic Structure and Evolution of Collisionless Reconnection in Simulations with Open Boundary Conditions". Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1004611.

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Zhang, Renduo, and David Russo. Scale-dependency and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587220.bard.

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Water resources assessment and protection requires quantitative descriptions of field-scale water flow and contaminant transport through the subsurface, which, in turn, require reliable information about soil hydraulic properties. However, much is still unknown concerning hydraulic properties and flow behavior in heterogeneous soils. Especially, relationships of hydraulic properties changing with measured scales are poorly understood. Soil hydraulic properties are usually measured at a small scale and used for quantifying flow and transport in large scales, which causes misleading results. Therefore, determination of scale-dependent and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties provides the essential information for quantifying water flow and chemical transport through the subsurface, which are the key processes for detection of potential agricultural/industrial contaminants, reduction of agricultural chemical movement, improvement of soil and water quality, and increase of agricultural productivity. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to measure soil hydraulic properties at different locations and different scales at large fields; 2. to develop scale-dependent relationships of soil hydraulic properties; and 3. to determine spatial variability and heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties as a function of measurement scales. The US investigators conducted field and lab experiments to measure soil hydraulic properties at different locations and different scales. Based on the field and lab experiments, a well-structured database of soil physical and hydraulic properties was developed. The database was used to study scale-dependency, spatial variability, and heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties. An improved method was developed for calculating hydraulic properties based on infiltration data from the disc infiltrometer. Compared with the other methods, the proposed method provided more accurate and stable estimations of the hydraulic conductivity and macroscopic capillary length, using infiltration data collected atshort experiment periods. We also developed scale-dependent relationships of soil hydraulic properties using the fractal and geostatistical characterization. The research effort of the Israeli research team concentrates on tasks along the second objective. The main accomplishment of this effort is that we succeed to derive first-order, upscaled (block effective) conductivity tensor, K'ᵢⱼ, and time-dependent dispersion tensor, D'ᵢⱼ, i,j=1,2,3, for steady-state flow in three-dimensional, partially saturated, heterogeneous formations, for length-scales comparable with those of the formation heterogeneity. Numerical simulations designed to test the applicability of the upscaling methodology to more general situations involving complex, transient flow regimes originating from periodic rain/irrigation events and water uptake by plant roots suggested that even in this complicated case, the upscaling methodology essentially compensated for the loss of sub-grid-scale variations of the velocity field caused by coarse discretization of the flow domain. These results have significant implications with respect to the development of field-scale solute transport models capable of simulating complex real-world scenarios in the subsurface, and, in turn, are essential for the assessment of the threat posed by contamination from agricultural and/or industrial sources.

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