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Journal articles on the topic 'Macropodidae'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2024

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1

Meredith, Robert W., Michael Westerman, and Mark S. Springer. "A phylogeny and timescale for the living genera of kangaroos and kin (Macropodiformes:Marsupialia) based on nuclear DNA sequences." Australian Journal of Zoology 56, no. 6 (2008): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo08044.

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Kangaroos and kin (Macropodiformes) are the most conspicuous elements of the Australasian marsupial fauna. The approximately 70 living species can be divided into three families: (1) Hypsiprymnodontidae (the musky rat kangaroo); (2) Potoroidae (potoroos and bettongs); and (3) Macropodidae (larger kangaroos, wallabies, banded hare wallaby and pademelons). Here we examine macropodiform relationships using protein-coding portions of the ApoB, BRCA1, IRBP, Rag1 and vWF genes via maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. We estimate times of divergence using two different relaxed molecular clock methods to present a timescale for macropodiform evolution and reconstruct ancestral states for grades of dental organisation. We find robust support for a basal split between Hypsiprymnodontidae and the other macropodiforms, potoroid monophyly and macropodid monophyly, with Lagostrophus as the sister-taxon to all other macropodids. Our divergence estimates suggest that kangaroos diverged from Phalangeroidea in the early Eocene, that crown-group Macropodiformes originated in the late Eocene or early Oligocene and that the potoroid–macropodid split occurred in the late Oligocene or early Miocene followed by rapid cladogenesis within these families 5 to 15 million years ago. These divergence estimates coincide with major geological and ecological changes in Australia. Ancestral state reconstructions for grades of dental organisation suggest that the grazer grade evolved independently on two different occasions within Macropodidae.

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2

Jarman, P. J. "The eating of seedheads by species of Macropodidae." Australian Mammalogy 17, no. 1 (1994): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am94006.

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Macropodids have usually been considered to be predominantly folivorous. This study suggests that this assumption is not always true. A review of appropriate studies shows that several species occasionally eat substantial proportions of seeds, seedheads or fruit. In particular, monocot seedheads form over 10% of the intake of some species, seasonally or irregularly. This study investigated that phenomenon by analysing the occurrence of monocot seedhead in the diet of the Black-striped Wallaby Macropus dorsalis. The wallabies consumed large proportions of monocot seedheads, in summer more than in other seasons. Grass species differed in the apparent acceptability of their seedheads. Individual faecal pellets differed greatly in the proportions of seedhead epidermis that they contained. Seedheads tend to be abundantly available on the plants only briefly in Australian vegetation associations. While available they may be of great importance to the resource ecology of some macropodid populations. Eating seedheads may have been important in the evolution of grazing in the relatively small macropodids.

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3

Freedman, Calli R., Daniel Rothschild, Colin Groves, and Amy E. M. Newman. "Osphranter rufus (Diprotodontia: Macropodidae)." Mammalian Species 52, no. 998 (December 23, 2020): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/seaa011.

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Abstract Osphranter rufus (Desmarest, 1822) is a macropod commonly called the red kangaroo and is the largest extant marsupial. Sexually dimorphic in size and coat color, this large macropod is one of four species in the genus Osphranter. In general, males are larger than females, and are reddish-brown in color, whereas females are bluish-gray. O. rufus is endemic to Australia, where it inhabits both arid and semiarid areas with wide habitat preferences that include open plains, open desert, grassland, woodland, or shrubland habitats. Although it is regularly harvested for its meat and hide, O. rufus is an abundant species that is not of special conservation concern and it is listed as “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

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4

Rose, Randolph W., and Robert K. Rose. "Thylogale billardierii (Diprotodontia: Macropodidae)." Mammalian Species 50, no. 965 (September 25, 2018): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sey012.

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5

Hume, ID. "Nitrogen-Metabolism in the Parma Wallaby, Macropus-Parma." Australian Journal of Zoology 34, no. 2 (1986): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9860147.

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The maintenance nitrogen requirement of the parma wallaby, Macropus parma, was found to be 566 mg per kg W*0.75 per day on a dietary basis, and 477 mg per kg W*0.75 per day on a truly digestible basis. This is similar to that of the red-necked pademelon, Thylogale thetis, another small wallaby which occupies a similar moist forest habitat, but much higher than (at least double) those of four other macropodid marsupials, all of which are from less mesic environments, that have been studied. Urea recycling decreased in response to water restriction in M. parma; in other published reports urea recycling did not change in T. thetis when water intake was restricted, but in three arid-adapted eutherian herbivores it increased. Voluntary intakes of dry matter and water by M. parma wefe also similar to those published for T. thetis, but higher than those of other macropodid species. These results support the hypothesis that within the Macropodidae nutrient requirements are linked closely with preferred habitat, regardless of phylogeny.

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6

Nelson, JE, and A. Goldstone. "Reproduction in Peradorcas-Concinna (Marsupialia, Macropodidae)." Wildlife Research 13, no. 4 (1986): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860501.

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The length of the oestrous cycle in captive Peradorcas concinna was 33.73 � 1.65 days (n = 52). Females which were dominant over other females or were alone with their young had a cycle length of about 32 days and subordinate females had a cycle length of about 35 days. Some observations on the growth of the young are presented. Weaning is very abrupt; final pouch exit occurs about 2 weeks after the first pouch exit, and is caused by the female's aggressiveness towards its young.

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7

Muths, E. "Milk Composition in a Field Population of Red Kangaroos, Macropus Rufus (Desmarest) (Macropodidae: Marsupialia)." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 2 (1996): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960165.

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The composition of milk from early pouch life (0-40 days) to weaning (360 days) was determined in samples collected from a field population of red kangaroos, Macropus rufus (n = 150). Total milk solids increased from 11% at 0-40 days to 26% at permanent emergence from the pouch (235 days), then decreased towards weaning. Compared with other macropodids, milk from red kangaroos is relatively dilute. Carbohydrate concentrations increased from 2.0 to 6.2% at about Day 235 then declined while lipid concentrations increased from 3.9 to 10.3% over the course of lactation. Protein values increased from 5.0 to 7.0% prior to pouch emergence. Whey proteins were separated by means of SDS PAGE, identifying and confirming the presence of several phase-specific proteins. These results are similar to those reported for components of milk in captive red kangaroos and therefore confirm the general macropodid pattern of changing milk composition throughout lactation for a field population of red kangaroos.

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8

Hinds, LA. "Control of pregnancy, parturition and luteolysis in marsupials." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 2, no. 5 (1990): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9900535.

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In most eutherian species the function of the corpus luteum (CL) is influenced by extrinsic factors and it is subordinate to the pituitary, placenta, or uterus. In contrast, in marsupials the CL is relatively autonomous. Although the pituitary is essential for the formation of the CL, thereafter the secretory activity of the CL is independent of luteotrophic support, and the uterus is not luteolytic. Furthermore, the life span of the CL is unaffected by pregnancy, except in the Macropodidae (kangaroos and wallabies), in which the secretory activity of the CL is shortened under the influence of the fetus. At parturition the macropodid fetus, possibly via a release of glucocorticoids, causes the release of prostaglandins, presumed to be of uterine origin. The effect of the prostaglandin is to induce the release of prolactin from the maternal pituitary. Prolactin, and not prostaglandin, induces luteolysis and advances the events of post-partum oestrus. In the non-pregnant cycle, the mechanism of luteolysis is different; it does not involve prolactin, and the luteolytic signal is of non-uterine, possibly intrinsic, origin.

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9

Baverstock, Peter R., Barry J. Richardson, Jan Birrell, and Malcolm Krieg. "Albumin Immunologic Relationships of the Macropodidae (Marsupialia)." Systematic Zoology 38, no. 1 (March 1989): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992434.

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10

Cole, J. R., D. G. Langford, and D. F. Gibson. "Capture myopathy in Lagorchestes hirsutus (Marsupialia: macropodidae)." Australian Mammalogy 17, no. 1 (1994): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am94020.

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11

Alexander, R. McN, and Alexandra Vernon. "The mechanics of hopping by kangaroos (Macropodidae)." Journal of Zoology 177, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 265–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1975.tb05983.x.

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12

Baverstock, P. R., B. J. Richardson, J. Birrell, and M. Krieg. "Albumin Immunologic Relationships of the Macropodidae (Marsupialia)." Systematic Biology 38, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/38.1.38.

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13

Hulme-Moir, Karen Lisa, and Phillip Clark. "Cytochemistry of leukocytes from the family Macropodidae." Comparative Clinical Pathology 21, no. 2 (July 31, 2010): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-010-1071-9.

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14

Georoff, Timothy A., Priscilla H. Joyner, John P. Hoover, Mark E. Payton, and Roman M. Pogranichniy. "Seroprevalence of Retrovirus in North American Captive Macropodidae." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 39, no. 3 (September 2008): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2007-0058.1.

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15

Clark, P. "Haematological characteristics of morbid members of the Macropodidae." Comparative Clinical Pathology 14, no. 4 (March 2006): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-006-0597-3.

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16

Clark, Christopher T., and Kathleen K. Smith. "Cranial osteogenesis inMonodelphis domestica (Didelphidae) andMacropus eugenii (Macropodidae)." Journal of Morphology 215, no. 2 (February 1993): 119–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052150203.

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17

Álvarez, Alicia, and David A. Flores. "SKULL MORPHOLOGY IN HERBIVOROUS MAMMALS: MACROPODIDS (METATHERIA,DIPROTODONTIA, MACROPODIDAE) AND CAVIIDS (EUTHERIA, RODENTIA,HYSTRICOMORPHA) AS A COMPARATIVE STUDY CASE." Mastozoología Neotropical 26, no. 2 (December 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31687/saremmn.19.26.2.0.02.

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18

Rose, R. W. "Reproductive biology of the Tasmanian Bettong (Bettongia gaimardi: Macropodidae)." Journal of Zoology 212, no. 1 (March 1987): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb05114.x.

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19

Priddel, D., N. Shepherd, and M. Ellis. "Homing by the red kangaroo, Macropus rufus (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)." Australian Mammalogy 11, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am88024.

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20

Begg, M., I. Beveridge, N. B. Chilton, P. M. Johnson, and M. G. O'Callaghan. "Parasites of The Proserpine Rock-wallaby, Petrogale persephone (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)." Australian Mammalogy 18, no. 1 (1995): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am95045.

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Twenty specimens of Petrogale persephone were examined for parasites. Nineteen species of helminths, one species of tick, one louse, one mite and two species of intestinal protozoans were recovered. The assemblage of helminth parasites encountered more closely resembled those found in Thylogale species than other species of rock-wallaby. The possible origins of the helminth fauna of P. persephone are discussed. The single species of tick, Haemaphysalis petrogalis, and the louse, Heterodoxus sp. 14, are specific to rock-wallabies, while the mite, Thaddeua serrata has a broader host range. Parasites causing significant lesions in P. persephone were the metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus and the mite T. serrata. Parasites found in small numbers but considered potential disease agents in this host were Globocephaloides macropodis, Hypodontus macropi, Eimeria petrogale and E. sharmani.

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21

van Oorschot, R. A. H., and D. W. Cooper. "Twinning in the genus Macropus, especially M. eugenii (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)." Australian Mammalogy 12, no. 2 (1989): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am89015.

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22

Eldridge, M. D. B., A. E. Dollin, P. G. Johnston, R. L. Close, and J. D. Murray. "Chromosomal rearrangements in rock wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia, Macropodidae)." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 48, no. 4 (1988): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000132634.

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23

Eldridge, M. D. B., P. G. Johnston, and R. L. Close. "Chromosomal rearrangements in rock wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 61, no. 1 (1992): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000133364.

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24

Eldridge, M. D. B., P. G. Johnston, and P. S. Lowry. "Chromosomal rearrangements in rock wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 61, no. 1 (1992): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000133365.

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25

Sharman, GB, RL Close, and GM Maynes. "Chromosome Evolution, Phylogeny and Speciation of Rock Wallabies (Petrogale, Macropodidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 37, no. 3 (1989): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9890351.

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Twenty-one taxa of rock wallabies presently grouped in 11 species were studied at their type localities and elsewhere. All were chromosomally distinct except for Petrogale xanthopus and P. x. celeris, and all taxa appear to have evolved from an ancestor with a karyotype like that of Thylogale billardierii. The chromosomal structural rearrangements that distinguish the karyotypes of the various taxa of rock wallabies from that of T. billardierii provided a set of derived characters from which a phylogenetic arrangement has been constructed. Chromosome rearrangements that apparently contribute to reproductive isolation were found at hybrid zones between taxa of parapatric distribution. The reproductive capacity of laboratory bred hybrids was assessed in relation to their chromosomal heterozygosity. It is concluded that reproductive isolation in parapatry was sometimes increased by the establishment of different chromosome fusions involving one ancestral chromosome common to both parapatric taxa.

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26

Langer, P. "Stomach evolution in the Macropodidae Owen, 1839 (Mammalia: Marsupialia)1." Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 18, no. 3 (April 27, 2009): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1980.tb00740.x.

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27

Turni, C., and L. R. Smales. "Parasites of the bridled nailtail wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata) (Marsupialia : Macropodidae)." Wildlife Research 28, no. 4 (2001): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99108.

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The bridled nailtail wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata), an endangered macropod, has been reintroduced into the wild after a captive-breeding program. As part of a management program to assess the risks to its survival O. fraenata were trapped and examined for ecto- and endoparasites. From February to September 1996, 55 wallabies from Taunton National Park, central Queensland, some trapped more than once, were visually examined for ectoparasites. The blood of 39 O. fraenata was tested for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Echinococcus granulosus and a total of 82 faecal samples were examined microscopically. In addition, in a second study a complete carcase, three complete gastro-intestinal tracts, and a single stomach, obtained from various sources, including Idalia National Park, were examined for helminth parasites. The most prevalent ectoparasites were the ticksAmbylomma triguttatum and Haemaphysalis bancrofti. Other ectoparasites included four species of trombiculid mites and a louse, Heterodoxus sp. A single instance of the nippoboscid fly, Ortholfersia minuta, was found. From the serological surveys, antibodies against Toxoplasma and Echinococcus were detected in 15% and 21% respectively. No trematode or cestode eggs or protozoal cysts were found in faeces. Nematode eggs had a prevalence of 92% with a mean egg density of 500 eggs per gram. Strongyloides sp. (larvae) was the most prevalent nematode in faeces. In the postmortem study, seven nematode species (Cloacina polyxo, Hypodontus macropi, Labiostrongylus onychogale, Macropostrongyloides baylisi, Macropoxyuris sp., Rugopharynx australis and Zoniolaimus buccalis) and four cestode species (Progamotaenia bancrofti, P. zschokkei, P. abietiformis and larval E. granulosus) were found. Six of the nematode species are new host records. The presence of infection with the introduced parasites T. gondii and E. granulosus, both recognised as serious pathogens, is of management significance. Since the definitive hosts of these parasites are cats and canids respectively, control of cat, dog and dingo populations within the Park will lessen the incidence of infection with these parasites.

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28

Eldridge, Mark D. B., Sally Potter, Renae Pratt, Rebecca N. Johnson, Tim F. Flannery, and Kristofer M. Helgen. "Molecular systematics of the Dendrolagus goodfellowi species group (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)." Records of the Australian Museum 76, no. 2 (May 15, 2024): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1864.

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Tree-kangaroos (genus Dendrolagus) are a morphologically distinctive genus of specialized, arboreal macropodids confined to the wet forests of New Guinea and northeast Australia. A distinct Goodfellow’s group, containing up to four species, has long been recognized. Resolving the relationships of taxa within the group has been hampered by limited samples of most taxa. Here we supplement published genetic data from high quality tissue samples with molecular data generated from museum specimens to improve taxon and geographic coverage. This includes specimens of the previously unsampled D. g. goodfellowi, the holotype and paratype of D. deltae, and additional specimens of D. matschiei, D. spadix and D. g. buergersi. DNA sequence data were generated from three mitochondrial loci. Phylogenetic analysis improved the resolution of relationships within the Goodfellow’s group, with the morphologically similar D. g. goodfellowi and D. g. buergersi being recovered as sister taxa, while D. pulcherrimus was the sister to the closely related, but morphologically and ecologically distinct, D. spadix and D. matschiei. Despite being sister to D. g. buergersi, D. g. goodfellowi was highly divergent. However, the two are morphologically very similar and we recommend retaining the taxonomic status quo (recognizing them as two subspecies of a single species) until improved sampling and a more thorough analysis is possible. The problematic D. deltae was confirmed as a junior synonym of D. matschiei.

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29

Eldridge, M. D. B. "Taxonomy of Rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). II. An Historical Review." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97113.

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The indigenous Australian genus Petrogale (rock-wallabies) consists of small to medium sized macropodids that are found throughout mainland Australia. As their name implies, rock-wallabies live in rocky habitats, preferring steep rocky slopes, cliffs, gorges, rocky outcrops and boulder piles (Sharman and Maynes 1983a). Many rock-wallaby species are distinctively marked, brightly coloured and are amongst the most beautiful of all macropods. Although well known to Aboriginal Australians for (at least) tens of thousands of years, rock-wallabies were only "discovered" by European explorers and naturalists in the early 19th century. Considerable variation in size, pelage characteristics and skull morphology has lead to the formal scientific description of 26 taxa in the last 170 years. The history of the scientific "discovery" of Petrogale in Australia and their subsequent taxonomy is long and fascinating. It is a story dominated by uncertainty and considerable speculation surrounding the inter-relationships of many taxa. It is in this historical context of confusion and contradiction that the current comprehensive genetic studies of rock- wallabies have both their significance and their genesis.

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30

Read, DG, and BJ Fox. "Assessing the Habitat of the parma wallaby, Macropus parma (Marsupialia : Macropodidae)." Wildlife Research 18, no. 4 (1991): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910469.

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Sites at which parma wallabies, Macropus parma, were present were compared with apparently similar sites in nearby areas from which M. parma were absent. The structure of the habitat and the availability of different grasses as potential diet items at each site were compared using both univariate and multivariate statistical techniques, including analysis of variance and factor analysis. Sites with M. parma appeared to have more Blady grass and Tussock grass and fewer Herbs and Other grass than sites without M. parma. However, it was difficult to unequivocally allocate structural parameters that determined the presence or absence of M. parma. Several reasons for this were considered, and it appears most likely that some of the sites from which M. parma were absent did indeed meet the habitat requirements of this species but remained unoccupied. This situation may result from the low population densities and relatively sparse, disjunct distribution of this rare species. However, it will not be possible to answer these questions, and to adequately determine details of the habitat requirements of M. parma, without the results from studies using radiotelemetry to assess habitat use, and microscopic techniques to assess the relative importance of items in the diet.

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31

WHILE, GEOFFREY M., and CLARE MCARTHUR. "Foraging in a risky environment: a comparison of Bennett's wallabies Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) and red-bellied pademelons Thylogale billiardierii (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) in open habitats." Austral Ecology 30, no. 7 (November 2005): 756–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01516.x.

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32

Wild, Michael, and Michael Balke. "New localities, an update on the conservation status and ethnographic notes for the dingiso tree kangaroo, Dendrolagus mbaiso Flannery, Boeadi et Szalay (Diprotodontia: Macropodidae)." Mammalia 82, no. 6 (November 27, 2018): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2016-0164.

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Abstract Dendrolagus mbaiso is a very rare tree kangaroo (Macropodidae) that was previously only known from the high mountain moss forests of the southern and western slopes of the Sudirman Range of the Snow Mountains in Papua. Here, a northern range extension of D. mbaiso is reported from within the traditional area of the Wano people. It was found on elevations from 1500 m to 3600 m. We also provide ethnographic notes from the Wano people, notes on the sympatric occurrence of D. mbaiso with Dendrolagus dorianus and observations on the variation of the fur color.

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33

Murray, Peter. "The cranium of Hadronomus puckridgi Woodburne, 1967 (Macropodoidea: Macropodidae) a primitive macropodid kangaroo from the late Miocene Alcoota fauna of the Northern Territory." Beagle : Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 6, no. 1 (December 1989): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.262842.

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34

Flannery, Tim F. "Taxonomy of Dendrolagus goodfellowi (Macropodidae: Marsupialia) with description of a new subspecies." Records of the Australian Museum 45, no. 1 (March 19, 1993): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.45.1993.128.

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35

Borkens, Yannick. "Toxoplasma gondii in Australian macropods (Macropodidae) and its implication to meat consumption." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 16 (December 2021): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.09.004.

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36

Murray, Peter F. "The postcranial skeleton of the Miocene kangaroo, Hadronomas puckridgi Woodburne (Marsupialia, Macropodidae)." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 19, no. 2 (January 1995): 119–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115519508619271.

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37

Beveridge, I., and C. Turni. "Progamotaenia capricorniensissp. nov. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from wallabies (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Queensland, Australia." Parasite 10, no. 4 (December 2003): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2003104309.

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38

KIRSCH, JOHN A. W., FRANÇOIS-JOSEPH LAPOINTE, and AARON FOESTE. "Resolution of portions of the kangaroo phylogeny (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) using DNA hybridization." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 55, no. 4 (August 1995): 309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1995.tb01068.x.

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39

Panyaniti, W., SM Carpenter, and CH Tyndale-Biscoe. "Effects of Hypophysectomy on Folliculogenesis in the Tammar Macropus eugenii (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 33, no. 3 (1985): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9850303.

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The ovaries of 18 pouch young tammars 18-42 weeks old, and the ovaries of four sham-operated and four hypophysectomized adults, were serially sectioned and the follicle and oocyte diameters measured and atresia assessed. The relationship between oocyte and follicle diameter for each group of ovaries was best described by an exponential curve. There was an overall reduction in the number of normal follicles in the hypophysectomized tammars. with significant reduction of the smallest type (3b) and absence of the largest type (8), whereas there was a greater incidence of atresia in the penultimate type 7. These results suggest that only the latest stage offolliculogenesis is acutely pituitary-dependent, although in the longer term the pituitary may influence recruitment of preantral follicles. The ovaries of prepubertal tammars had fewer follicles of all types than the ovaries of intact adults but the incidence of atresia was higher in all except type 6. Like the ovaries of hypophysectomized adults they lacked type 8 follicles and had a high incidence of atresia ofthe penultimate type 7. It is concluded that up to 42 weeks the pituitary does not provide gonadotrophic stimulation to the ovaries of prepubertal tammars.

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40

Sinclair, E. A. "Phylogeographic variation in the quokka, Setonix brachyurus (Marsupialia: Macropodidae): implications for conservation." Animal Conservation 4, no. 4 (November 2001): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136794300100138x.

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41

Murray, Peter. "The sthenurine affinity of the Late Miocene kangaroo,Hadronomas puckridgiWoodburne (Marsupialia, Macropodidae)." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 15, no. 4 (January 1991): 255–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115519108619023.

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42

Flannery, T. F. "New Pleistocene marsupials (Macropodidae, Diprotodontidae) from subalpine habitats in Irian Jaya, Indonesia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 16, no. 4 (January 1992): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115519208619113.

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43

White, R. G., I. D. Hume, and J. V. Nolan. "Energy expenditure and protein turnover in three species of wallabies (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 158, no. 2 (March 1988): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01075838.

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44

Heinsohn, TE. "Wallaby extinctions at the macropodid frontier: the changing status of the northern pademelon Thylogale browni (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) in New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea." Australian Mammalogy 27, no. 2 (2005): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am05175.

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The northern pademelon (Thylogale browni) is a small to medium-sized macropodid that is native to northern and central New Guinea, but is also found on some of the islands of the Bismarck Archipelago, such as New Britain, New Ireland and Lavongai, where it appears to have been introduced. In New Ireland, archaeological evidence indicates that it may have been introduced by prehistoric human agency c. 7,000 years ago. In the chain of islands that constitutes New Ireland Province, historical evidence indicates that the species also recently occurred in the Tabar, Lihir, Tanga and Feni island groups prior to undergoing a series of local extinctions and range contractions during the first half of the 20th century. Furthermore T. browni also appears to have declined on New Ireland and Lavongai, where it is now restricted to the remote mountainous interior. Much of the sudden range contraction coincided with the Pacific War (1942-1945), during which time blockaded Japanese troops confiscated local food produce. It is postulated that the privations of war led to an extended period of over-hunting which drove the species into local extinction in much of its former range. Furthermore, since the war, ongoing human pressures and a breakdown in the traditional ethnozoological translocation / re-stocking regimes which would normally have re-introduced this species to satellite islands, appears to have prevented T. browni from regaining its former widespread distribution in the New Ireland Province Archipelago.

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45

Sotohira, Yukari, Haruna Okui, Kazuyuki Suzuki, Mitsuhiko Asakawa, and Tadashi Sano. "Association Between the Levels of Stress Markers and the Onset of Kangaroo Disease (Lumpy Jaw Disease) in Captive Kangaroos." Journal of Zoo Biology 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.001.01.2004.

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Kangaroo disease (lumpy jaw disease; LJD) is a disease of the oral cavity in Macropodidae that may be caused by stress-related factors; however, detailed information about its pathogenesis is lacking. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated markers of stress in kangaroos with and without LJD to determine the factors that cause an LJD outbreak. We evaluated the oxidative stress value, antioxidant activity, and plasma cortisol concentration in blood samples. Additionally, we measured the cortisol concentration in saliva samples. The oxidative stress value and serum cortisol concentrations were statistically significantly different between the two groups, but the antioxidant activity and saliva cortisol concentrations did not differ significantly. Relatively large variations were observed for each value within individuals.

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46

O'Neill, RJ Waugh, MDB Eldridge, R. Toder, MA Ferguson-Smith, P. C. O'Brien, and JAM Graves. "Chromosome evolution in kangaroos (Marsupialia: Macropodidae): Cross species chromosome painting between the tammar wallaby and rock wallaby spp. with the 2n = 22 ancestral macropodid karyotype." Genome 42, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-159.

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Marsupial mammals show extraordinary karyotype stability, with 2n = 14 considered ancestral. However, macropodid marsupials (kangaroos and wallabies) exhibit a considerable variety of karyotypes, with a hypothesised ancestral karyotype of 2n = 22. Speciation and karyotypic diversity in rock wallabies (Petrogale) is exceptional. We used cross species chromosome painting to examine the chromosome evolution between the tammar wallaby (2n = 16) and three 2n = 22 rock wallaby species groups with the putative ancestral karyotype. Hybridization of chromosome paints prepared from flow sorted chromosomes of the tammar wallaby to Petrogale spp., showed that this ancestral karyotype is largely conserved among 2n = 22 rock wallaby species, and confirmed the identity of ancestral chromosomes which fused to produce the bi-armed chromosomes of the 2n = 16 tammar wallaby. These results illustrate the fission-fusion process of karyotype evolution characteristic of the kangaroo group.

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47

Dellow, DW, ID Hume, RTJ Clarke, and T. Bauchop. "Microbial Activity in the Forestomach of Free-Living Macropodid Marsupials - Comparisons With Laboratory Studies." Australian Journal of Zoology 36, no. 4 (1988): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9880383.

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Parameters of fermentative digestion were measured in five species of macropodid marsupials shot while feeding in the wild. These included details of microbiota, fermentation products (volatile fatty acids, gas, ammonia) and forestomach digesta pH. Ciliate protozoa and fungi, similar to anaerobic rumen fungi, were present in the forestomach of all species except Thylogale thetis. The bacterial flora was complex and numbers were similar to those in the ruminant forestomach. The forestomach gas contained more methane than found previously in captive macropodids, and in Wallabia bicolor hydrogen was present at 10- 11% of total gas. The pH of forestomach digesta was 5.7-6.7, indicative of animals actively feeding. Comparisons of stomach fill, ammonia and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and molar proportions, and rates of VFA production in the forestomach and hindgut, indicated that conclusions on digestive function in macropodids derived from studies on captive animals are generally applicable to free-living macropodids. The main differences probably lie in greater levels of feed intake in the field, and in greater opportunity for free-living macropodids to select from a more heterogeneous diet.

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Piper, Katarzyna J. "The Macropodidae (Marsupialia) of the early Pleistocene Nelson Bay Local Fauna, Victoria, Australia." Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74 (2016): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2016.74.18.

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Flannery, Tim F., and L. Seri. "Dendrolagus scottae n.sp. (Marsupialia: Macropodidae): a new tree-kangaroo from Papua New Guinea." Records of the Australian Museum 42, no. 3 (November 16, 1990): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.42.1990.117.

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50

Watson, D. M., D. B. Croft, and R. H. Crozier. "Paternity exclusion and dominance in captive Red-necked Wallabies, Macropus rufogriseus (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)." Australian Mammalogy 15, no. 1 (1992): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am92004.

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The relationship between dominance rank and paternity was examined in a captive group of Red-necked Wallabies, Macropus rufogriseus. Blood samples were collected from 15 wallabies surviving to the young-at-foot stage as well as from their mothers and all their potential fathers. The alleles present for two polymorphic plasma proteins, albumin and phosphoglucose isomerase, were determined electrophoretically for all wallabies. Dominance relationships were determined by the outcome of agonistic encounters. Alpha-status alternated between two of the three large males(#I and #3). Because of the small number of proteins examined, it was not possible to identify a single, sexually mature male as the probable father for each of the 15 wallabies surviving to the at-foot stage. The probable father of four of these was identified as#3. For a further two (#24 and n1), the probable father was reduced to one of two (#3 or #7) and one of four (#3, #8, #9 and #10) males. When #1 was the alpha-male he did not father at least 30 % (n = 10) of young surviving to the at-foot stage. While the difference was not significant, #3 fathered a greater proportion of the wallabies surviving to the at-foot stage when he was the alpha-male compared to when he was not ( 40 % vs 20 %, or 60 % vs 30 % if he was assumed to have fathered #24 and n1).

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