Journal articles: 'Macroplastic pollution'

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Liro, Maciej, Anna Zielonka, Hanna Hajdukiewicz, Paweł Mikuś, Wojciech Haska, Mateusz Kieniewicz, Elżbieta Gorczyca, and Kazimierz Krzemień. "Litter Selfie: A Citizen Science Guide for Photorecording Macroplastic Deposition along Mountain Rivers Using a Smartphone." Water 15, no. 17 (August 30, 2023): 3116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15173116.

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Macroplastic pollution in mountain rivers can threaten water resources, biodiversity, and the recreational values provided by them. The first step towards evaluating and then mitigating these risks is the systematic collection of reliable and spatially uniform data on the amount and type of macroplastics deposited in different land covers occurring in a mountain river channel. To maximise the opportunity for the large-scale collection of such data using the citizen science approach, we propose in this study an illustrated step-by-step guide to sample the macroplastic deposited along mountain rivers and to record the collected information using a photo taken by smartphone and a simple online form. Our guide includes three steps: (i) the location of sampling plots across 3–4 predefined surface covers occurring in mountain rivers of temperate climate, (ii) the hand collection of macroplastic deposited in them, and (iii) the photorecording and archiving of information on macroplastics collected using a smartphone and an online form. The proposed guide can allow for the low-cost collection of data on macroplastic deposition in mountain rivers on regional and global scales. The collected data can be further analysed by environmental scientists to quantify the amount and types of macroplastic deposited and to evaluate the resulting risks. They can be also used as illustrative materials to increase the awareness of local communities about the plastic pollution problem.

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Cera, Alessandra, Luca Gallitelli, and Massimiliano Scalici. "Macroplastics in Lakes: An Underrepresented Ecological Problem?" Water 15, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010060.

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Lakes are the greatest reserve of available superficial inland fresh water and concurrently one of the most threatened ecosystems. Among the many pollutants, plastics contaminate lakes worldwide; notwithstanding that, little is known on the impacts of macroplastics. The aim of this work is to provide the first global overview of scientific articles researching macroplastic pollution in lakes. Articles were selected from Web of Science and Scopus databases. We performed a bibliometric analysis of the results on the publication trend, geographical distribution of study areas, investigated matrix (i.e., water, sediment, biota), as well as abundance and type (i.e., shape, litter category, polymer) of lacustrine macroplastics. We also compared the articles’ methodologies. Fourteen articles were collected (the publication trend is increasing in recent years), showing a diffuse contamination by macroplastics. Research efforts are mostly focused on shoreline assessments. There is a lack of information and methodological standardisation (i.e., macroplastic size definition, sampling protocol, shape, litter categories), which limits the comparison of article outputs. We propose the definition of lacustrine macroplastics as plastics >5 mm and the adoption of the UNEP/IOC protocol to sample lake shoreline. We suggest focusing future investigations on (1) testing the methodological standardisation, (2) understanding the factors influencing macroplastic dispersal, and (3) assessing the impacts on biota.

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Acot, Frank T., Recca E. Sajorne, Nur-Ayn K. Omar, Peter D. Suson, Lynn Esther E. Rallos, and Hernando P. Bacosa. "Unraveling Macroplastic Pollution in Rural and Urban Beaches in Sarangani Bay Protected Seascape, Mindanao, Philippines." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101532.

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Plastic pollution in the ocean is an emerging environmental concern in the Philippines. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of macroplastics, composition of plastic litter, and the clean-coast index (CCI) of urban and rural beaches in Sarangani Bay. Plastic litter was collected by delineating a 100-m transecting line with three 4 m × 4 m quadrats. The density of macroplastic litter in urban areas (0.66 items m−2) was significantly higher than in rural areas (0.29 items m−2). The plastics sampled were predominantly food packaging, such as polyethylene bags, which are locally known as sando bags. The accumulation rate of macroplastic litter ranged from 0.07 items d−1 m−2 to 0.40 items d−1 m−2, in which urban beaches (0.25 items d−1 m−2) have a significantly higher accumulation rate than rural beaches (0.11 items d−1 m−2). Overall, the calculated CCI of the beaches of Sarangani Bay was categorized as clean to moderately clean for rural beaches and moderately clean to extremely dirty for urban beaches.

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Manullang, C. Y., A. Soamole, I. Rehalat, W. Barends, and A. M. Sudin. "Debris from plastic products in the beaches around Northern Ambon Island." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1163, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1163/1/012006.

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Abstract The exponential rise in plastic usage without adequate waste management has a detrimental effect on the ecosystem. This study estimated the density of plastic waste encountered, including: macroplastic (>25 mm); mesoplastic (5-25 mm) and microplastic (1-5 mm) in the coastal environments of northern Ambon Island. The samples were collected in April of 2018. Two quadrats were used for the sampling. On two beaches in northern Ambon Island, the average amount of marine plastic debris was 0.492 item.m−2 for macroplastic (>25 mm), 10.8 item.m−2 for mesoplastic (5-25 mm), and 29.8 item.m−2 for microplastic (1-5 mm). The dominance of plastic-type for macroplastics was a film that comes from food/beverage packaging and single-use plastic bags. Both coastlines were rated as moderate according by the the Clean Coast Index (CCI) evaluation for macroplastic, implying that a few pieces of trash can be spotted. We recommend more innovative waste management and implementing an effective pollution law system in Ambon Island. A routine beach clean-up activity at the lowest government level would be an excellent campaign to protect the coastal area.

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Alvarado-Zambrano, Daniela, José R. Rivera-Hernández, and Carlos Green-Ruiz. "Macroplastic and Microparticle Pollution in Beach Sediments from Urias Coastal Lagoon (Northwest Mexico)." Toxics 12, no. 6 (June 18, 2024): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12060439.

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This study investigates the occurrence and characteristics of macroplastic and polymer microparticles in the Urias coastal lagoon’s beach sediments, in northwest Mexico. Coastal lagoons, productive and vulnerable ecosystems, are impacted significantly by anthropogenic activities, leadings to their pollution by various contaminants, including plastics. Our research involved sampling sediments from four sites within the lagoon that were influenced by different human activities such as fishing, aquaculture, thermoelectric power plant operations, industrial operations, and domestic wastewater discharge. Our methodology included collecting macroplastics and beach sediment samples, followed by laboratory analyses to identify the plastic debris’ size, shape, color, and chemical composition. The results indicated a notable presence of macroplastic items (144), predominantly bags, styrofoam, and caps made of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The polymer microparticles were mainly fibers, with cotton and polyester as the most common polymers, suggesting a significant contribution from clothing-related waste. The dominant colors of the microparticles were blue and transparent. High densities were observed in areas with slower water exchange. Our findings highlight the urgent need for better waste management practices to mitigate plastic pollution in coastal lagoons, preserving their ecological and economic functions.

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Rohaningsih, D., C. Henny, T. Suryono, and A. B. Santoso. "Macroplastic abundance at Lake Singkarak riparian, West Sumatera." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1062, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1062/1/012025.

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Abstract Macroplastic waste has been spotted around the shoreline and the waters of Lake Singarak, West Sumatra. Macroplastic waste has been the main source of microplastic pollution in the marine and freshwater environment. This study aimed to determine the types and abundance of macroplastic waste in the riparian area of Lake Singkarak. Macropalstic waste collection was carried out using a 0.25 m2 square transect with a radius of 10 m at six sampling locations around the lake. The collected macroplastic waste was then sorted by its type and calculated to determine the abundance of each type. The six collection points, the most abundant macroplastic waste was at a hotel area (Sumpur) with a waste weight of 3.07 kg/m2, while the shoreline area (Batu Baraguang) with less human activity was the location with the lowest waste abundance of 0.53 kg/m2. The dominating types of macroplastic waste at Sumpur Hotel were plastic film (33%) and hard plastic-fragment (19%). Not only at Sumpur Hotel, the plastic film type also became the most dominant type of macroplastic waste observed in all sampling locations, except at the main river inlet area (Sumani) where the most dominant type found was styrofoam. Overall, there were four types of macroplastic waste that dominated in the riparian of Lake Singkarak, namely plastic film, food bag packaging, hard plastic fragments, also bottle and cup packaging. A high abundance of macropalstic waste in the riparian area could pose a risk of microplastic pollution in Lake Singkarak.

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Golubev, Sergey. "Macroplastic in Seabirds at Mirny, Antarctica." Birds 1, no. 1 (December 8, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds1010003.

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Plastic debris makes up the majority of marine debris around the world, and pollution is a serious threat to marine wildlife. Threats represent two types of biological interactions with plastic: entanglement and ingestion. This paper describes interactions of seabirds with plastic in Mirny and draw the attention of researchers to the existing problem. In 2012/2013 and 2015/2016, year-round observations of the author were carried out at Mirny station and Haswell Islands (area of about 12 km2), east Antarctica. One case of entanglement of a molting adult Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) in a fishing line was been identified; in addition to one case of an adult emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) mistakenly ingesting plastic braided rope and subsequently feeding it as part of a food lump to the chick, and two cases of macroplastics found in pellets of south polar skuas (Catharacta maccormicki). Registrations of entanglement and ingestion of macroplastic by seabirds in Mirny are rare. They signal to us about problem that needs to be included in the monitoring for the health of terrestrial biota of the Haswell archipelago.

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Winton, Debbie J., Lucy G. Anderson, Stephen Rocliffe, and Steven Loiselle. "Macroplastic pollution in freshwater environments: Focusing public and policy action." Science of The Total Environment 704 (February 2020): 135242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135242.

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Stefano, Nikolas, and Daniel Pleissner. "Quantification and analysis of surface macroplastic contamination on arable areas." Journal of Soils and Sediments 22, no. 3 (December 3, 2021): 757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-03114-7.

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Abstract Purpose The present study provides quantitative data on the degree of macroplastic contamination of two conventionally treated arable areas in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany), which differ only in the use of organic fertilizers (e.g., compost). Methods The plastic contamination of both areas was determined by means of field sampling. The study areas were divided into edge and central areas to minimize and identify direct influences from the boundaries. After cleaning and drying, the collected macroplastic particles were analyzed by phototechnical and optical methods for number and size of particles. Results The arable area with compost fertilization showed a substantially higher macroplastic pollution with 9247 particles per hectare compared to the 220 particles per hectare found on the arable land without compost application. Furthermore, the differences in plastic forms and types on both areas, the presence of plastic directly related to household and garden products, and the homogeneous distribution of plastic particles on the arable area with compost application allow to conclude that compost can be regarded as reason for substantially higher pollution. Areas close to a road showed a higher degree of contamination and differences in the found plastic products compared to the center areas, which indicates littering as a further considerable entry path. Conclusions The causes of plastic contamination of the investigated arable areas (e.g., contaminated compost by improper waste management and littering) are predominantly external to agricultural practices. The knowledge gained contributes to the knowledge about quantities, impacts, and fate of plastic in the environment.

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Lim, Er Vin, Nithiyaa Nilamani, Norhanis M. Razalli, Shoufeng Zhang, Hongjun Li, Muhammad Lutfi Haron, Anisah Lee Abdullah, Zulfigar Yasin, Norlaila Mohd Zanuri, and Aileen Tan Shau Hwai. "Abundance and Distribution of Macro- and Mesoplastic Debris on Selected Beaches in the Northern Strait of Malacca." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 5 (May 16, 2023): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11051057.

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Plastics account for 60–80% of marine debris worldwide, and, in 2021, Malaysia was the 28th largest plastic polluter in the world. In light of this finding, the Malaysian government has launched the Roadmap Towards Zero Single-Use Plastics 2018–2030 and the Plastics Sustainability Roadmap 2021–2030 to reduce plastic pollution and implement a circular economy for Malaysia. A comprehensive database of the status of plastic pollution in Malaysia is needed to achieve this target. This study aims to record the presence of macro- (>2.5 cm) and mesoplastic (0.5–2.5 cm) debris at selected beaches in the northern Strait of Malacca. All study sites are publicly accessible beaches (Pulau Songsong, Teluk Aling, and Pulau Gazumbo) except Pulau Lembu, which is in a Marine Protected Area (MPA). The debris was collected from predetermined transects on the beach and categorised according to its form and economic market segments in Malaysia. Most of the macro- (53–75% of total mass) and mesoplastics (52–80% of the total number) were accumulated in the backshore area. Public beaches such as Pulau Gazumbo and Pulau Songsong recorded the highest abundance of macroplastics, with 7.32 g/m2 and 9.77 g/m2, respectively. Teluk Aling recorded the lowest abundance of macroplastics (3.58 g/m2) but the highest in mesoplastics (0.55 items/m2). Most of the macroplastics found were packaging plastics such as plastic bottles, containers, and polystyrene foam debris. Although Pulau Lembu is an MPA, the amount of macroplastics found was considerably high (7.17 g/m2). Based on the beach cleanliness index, Pulau Gazumbo (−3.99) was the dirtiest site, followed by Pulau Lembu (−2.92) and Pulau Songsong (−2.85), while Teluk Aling (−1.63) was the cleanest site, which can explain the amount of macroplastic debris found. However, all the study sites’ cleanliness may not be ideal, as the indexes were less than zero due to the low availability of waste bins and insufficient frequency of beach cleaning. This may not be able to curb the effects of high anthropogenic activities conducted in addition to uncontrollable natural factors.

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Weber, Collin J., Jens Hahn, and Christian Opp. "Spatial Connections between Microplastics and Heavy Metal Pollution within Floodplain Soils." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 8, 2022): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020595.

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Soils contain an increasing number of different pollutants, which are often released into the environment by human activity. Among the “new” potential pollutants are plastics and microplastics. “Recognized” pollutants such as heavy metals, of geogenic and anthropogenic origin, now meet purely anthropogenic contaminants such as plastic particles. Those can meet especially in floodplain landscapes and floodplain soils, because of their function as a temporary sink for sediments, nutrients, and pollutants. Based on a geospatial sampling approach, we analyzed the soil properties and heavy metal contents (ICP-MS) in soil material and macroplastic particles, and calculated total plastic concentrations (Ptot) from preliminary studies. Those data were used to investigate spatial connections between both groups of pollutants. Our results from the example of the Lahn river catchment show a low-to-moderate contamination of the floodplain soils with heavy metals and a wide distribution of plastic contents up to a depth of two meters. Furthermore, we were able to document heavy metal contents in macroplastic particles. Spatial and statistical correlations between both pollutants were found. Those correlations are mainly expressed by a comparable variability in concentrations across the catchment and in a common accumulation in topsoil and upper soil or sediment layers (0–50 cm). The results indicate comparable deposition conditions of both pollutants in the floodplain system.

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Gaboy, Shiela Mae M., Jaime Q. Guihawan, Venus E. Leopardas, and Hernando P. Bacosa. "Unravelling macroplastic pollution in seagrass beds of Iligan City, Mindanao, Philippines." Marine Pollution Bulletin 185 (December 2022): 114233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114233.

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Pinto, Rose Boahemaa, Linda Bogerd, Martine van der Ploeg, Kwame Duah, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Tim H. M. van Emmerik. "Catchment scale assessment of macroplastic pollution in the Odaw river, Ghana." Marine Pollution Bulletin 198 (January 2024): 115813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115813.

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Haldar, Shoumi, Nounenuo Yhome, Yuvashree Muralidaran, Senthilkumar Rajagopal, and Prabhakar Mishra. "Nanoplastics Toxicity Specific to Liver in Inducing Metabolic Dysfunction—A Comprehensive Review." Genes 14, no. 3 (February 26, 2023): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14030590.

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Plastic pollution in the world is widespread and growing. The environment is swamped with nanoplastics (<100 nm), and the health consequences of these less visible pollutants are unknown. Furthermore, there is evidence that microplastics can release nanoplastics by digestive disintegration, implying that macroplastic exposure can cause direct and indirect disease via nanoplastics. The existence and impact of nanoplastics in numerous tissues from invertebrates to larger vertebrates that consume significant amounts of plastics were investigated, and histopathological techniques were utilized to determine physiological reactions and inflammation from the plastics. Nanoplastics enters an organism through the respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract where they accumulate into the liver through blood circulation via absorption, or epidermal infiltration. It is stated that macroplastics can cause damage directly at the site of exposure, whereas nanoplastics can influence the liver, causing subsequent damage to other organs. Multi-organ dysfunction is brought on by liver changes, and nanoplastics can readily enter the gut-liver axis and disturb the gut microflora. By exploring the literature and summarizing the research that has been published to date, this review article reveals the deleterious effect and mechanisms of nanoplastics on the pathophysiological functions of the hepatic system.

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Rosa, G. P., M. S. Costa, and S. M. Monteiro. "Do urban rivers in the amazon coast trap macroplastic?" Marine Pollution Bulletin 189 (April 2023): 114757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114757.

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Dash-Alleyne, Suphane, Phillip Da Silva, and Sanasha Perreira. "Macroplastic and Microplastic Abundance at the Greenfield Mangrove Site in Guyana." Book of Abstracts: Student Research (URC22 Special Edition) 3 (May 16, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52377/uwbn4624.

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In the past decades, the use of plastic, particularly single-use plastics, has greatly increased. Guyana is among the developing countries struggling to deal with this new wave of plastic consumption, resulting in indiscriminate dumping and extensive pollution of the environment. This study was designed to determine the abundance and distribution of microplastics and macroplastics at the Greenfield mangrove site, East Coast Demerara, Guyana.

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Armitage, Sophie, Katie Awty-Carroll, Daniel Clewley, and Victor Martinez-Vicente. "Detection and Classification of Floating Plastic Litter Using a Vessel-Mounted Video Camera and Deep Learning." Remote Sensing 14, no. 14 (July 16, 2022): 3425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14143425.

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Marine plastic pollution is a major environmental concern, with significant ecological, economic, public health and aesthetic consequences. Despite this, the quantity and distribution of marine plastics is poorly understood. Better understanding of the global abundance and distribution of marine plastic debris is vital for global mitigation and policy. Remote sensing methods could provide substantial data to overcome this issue. However, developments have been hampered by the limited availability of in situ data, which are necessary for development and validation of remote sensing methods. Current in situ methods of floating macroplastics (size greater than 1 cm) are usually conducted through human visual surveys, often being costly, time-intensive and limited in coverage. To overcome this issue, we present a novel approach to collecting in situ data using a trained object-detection algorithm to detect and quantify marine macroplastics from video footage taken from vessel-mounted general consumer cameras. Our model was able to successfully detect the presence or absence of plastics from real-world footage with an accuracy of 95.2% without the need to pre-screen the images for horizon or other landscape features, making it highly portable to other environmental conditions. Additionally, the model was able to differentiate between plastic object types with a Mean Average Precision of 68% and an F1-Score of 0.64. Further analysis suggests that a way to improve the separation among object types using only object detection might be through increasing the proportion of the image area covered by the plastic object. Overall, these results demonstrate how low-cost vessel-mounted cameras combined with machine learning have the potential to provide substantial harmonised in situ data of global macroplastic abundance and distribution.

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Mangkunegara, A. A., M. Fadjar, and F. Iranawati. "DUMBO CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) MICROPLASTIC EXPOSURE ON ABNORMALITIES AND LEVEL OF BLOOD COMPONENT USING A COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN." Jurnal Teknologi 85, no. 6 (September 17, 2023): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.19764.

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Recently, the increase in environmental pollution has been studied by researchers, especially the increase in abnormalities and blood level in aquatic organisms. In this regard, one of the reasons is the presence of plastic causes that are often found in water. The existence of plastic waste in the water is divided into 3 categories, namely macroplastic (>25 mm), mesoplastic (5-25 mm), and microplastic (<5 mm). Microplastics occur from the degradation of macroplastics and mesoplastics in waters. Microplastics in lakes, rivers, and estuaries cause a stress response in the bodies of aquatic organisms including dumbo catfish (Claries gariepinus). The stress response of fish can be seen in the changes in blood components and levels of blood, which are used to determine the condition or health status of fish by counting the number of erythrocytes, leucocytes, hemoglobin, and differential leucocytes. This study aims to analyze the stress response of dumbo catfish caused by microplastic exposure to hematology. This used research method was a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor and three treatment levels. The results showed that the increase in rearing time was from 0 to 30 days and varied of doses mixture commercial fish feed and microplastic. The results showed the highest erythrocyte value of 2.78(x106) cell/mm3 in 15 days of rearing time by adding mixed commercial feed and microplastics of 15%.

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Ryan, Peter G., and Andy Schofield. "Low densities of macroplastic debris in the Pitcairn Islands Marine Reserve." Marine Pollution Bulletin 157 (August 2020): 111373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111373.

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Naudet, Jeanne, Emmanuelle Roque d’Orbcastel, Thierry Bouvier, Sylvain Godreuil, Sabrina Dyall, Simon Bouvy, Fabien Rieuvilleneuve, Claudia Ximena Restrepo-Ortiz, Yvan Bettarel, and Jean-Christophe Auguet. "Identifying macroplastic pathobiomes and antibiotic resistance in a subtropical fish farm." Marine Pollution Bulletin 194 (September 2023): 115267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115267.

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Alava, Juan José, Ana Tirapé, Karly McMullen, Miguel Uyaguari, and Gustavo A. Domínguez. "Microplastics and Macroplastic Debris as Potential Physical Vectors of SARS-CoV-2: A Hypothetical Overview with Implications for Public Health." Microplastics 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1010010.

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COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, was declared a global pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization. The pandemic has triggered an unprecedented increase in the production, consumption and disposal of multiple types of plastic-based personal protective equipment (PPE) as a measure to reduce the infection. Recent research shows that plastic surfaces can serve as a fomite for coronavirus transmission as it can remain stable and be viable on polypropylene for up to 72 h or on other plastic surfaces for up to 9 days. While it is unknown whether or to what extent macroplastic debris and ubiquitous microplastics emitted into the environment can serve as physical vectors or fomites of pathogenic viruses, recent studies have reported that both macroplastic and microplastics can serve as vectors for harmful pathogens and invasive species (biological pollution). Here, hypothetical scenarios based on the weight of evidence are proposed to plausibly state the role of plastic debris (e.g., single-use-plastics), discarded PPE supplies, including facemasks, sanitizer bottles, gloves, and plastic bags, as well as microplastics as potential physical vectors of SARS-CoV-2, serving as a route of exposure to humans and wildlife in the terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems.

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Blettler, Martín C. M., and Clara Mitchell. "Dangerous traps: Macroplastic encounters affecting freshwater and terrestrial wildlife." Science of The Total Environment 798 (December 2021): 149317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149317.

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Junita Bancin, Lamtiur, and Johanna Christy. "PENGARUH PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN PENCEMARAN SAMPAH MAKROPLASTIK DAN MIKROPLASTIK PADA MAHASISWA PRODI DIII PEREKAM DAN INFORMASI KESEHATAN STIKes IMELDA." Jurnal Ilmiah Perekam dan Informasi Kesehatan Imelda (JIPIKI) 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52943/jipiki.v5i2.416.

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Health education is one of the techniques to increase someone’s knowledge level due to the aim of improving knowledge and well understanding regarding microplastic and microplastic pollution. This research aimed to analyze the effect of health education towards the knowledge regarding macroplastic and microplastic pollution among students at the medical record and health major in the college of health sciences Imelda in terms of health education. This research used a quantitative approach with a Quasi-Experimental Study Design of a non-equivalent control group. The population was all the students with the medical record and health information major. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, all the first-year students. The group of the sample consisted of two groups- the intervention and the control group. The intervention group consisted of 73 people who have given health education. Control group consisted of 73 people who have not given any health education. The statistic test used was the Wilcoxon test. The statistic result on the knowledge variable among the experiment group who had a good knowledge level refer to the pre-test score only 4.1 %. After given health education, the increasing number of people who had a good knowledge level (76.1%). The good knowledge level among the control group only showed 1.4% (pre-test and post-test). The result showed there was a significant increase after given health education among the experiment group (p=0.00). However, another result showed there was no significant difference among the control group (p=1.00). Health education towards macroplastic and microplastic pollution had a significant influence to the knowledge level for students. It is recommended for further research to examine the role of knowledge towards attitudes and behaviors or actions in the management of macro and microplastic waste pollution. Based on the results of the pre-test where respondents still have less and moderate knowledge while the issue of plastic waste in Indonesia requires full attention and more participation from the community from society, it is necessary to get the attention of educational institutions to further elaborate and educate students in pollution macro-plastic and microplastic waste.

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Rizzo, Marzia, Corinne Corbau, Benjamin Lane, Sairah Y. Malkin, Virginia Bezzi, Carmela Vaccaro, and William Nardin. "Examining the dependence of macroplastic fragmentation on coastal processes (Chesapeake Bay, Maryland)." Marine Pollution Bulletin 169 (August 2021): 112510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112510.

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Moss, Kerry, Deonie Allen, Daniel González-Fernández, and Steve Allen. "Filling in the knowledge gap: Observing MacroPlastic litter in South Africa's rivers." Marine Pollution Bulletin 162 (January 2021): 111876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111876.

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Klopertanz, Naiara, Martín Amestoy, Sergio Abate, and Marina Winter. "Monitoring macroplastic ingestion by birds and marine mammals in northeastern Patagonia, Argentina." Marine Pollution Bulletin 185 (December 2022): 114288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114288.

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Tasseron, Paolo, Tim van Emmerik, Joseph Peller, Louise Schreyers, and Lauren Biermann. "Advancing Floating Macroplastic Detection from Space Using Experimental Hyperspectral Imagery." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 2335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122335.

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Airborne and spaceborne remote sensing (RS) collecting hyperspectral imagery provides unprecedented opportunities for the detection and monitoring of floating riverine and marine plastic debris. However, a major challenge in the application of RS techniques is the lack of a fundamental understanding of spectral signatures of water-borne plastic debris. Recent work has emphasised the case for open-access hyperspectral reflectance reference libraries of commonly used polymer items. In this paper, we present and analyse a high-resolution hyperspectral image database of a unique mix of 40 virgin macroplastic items and vegetation. Our double camera setup covered the visible to shortwave infrared (VIS-SWIR) range from 400 to 1700 nm in a darkroom experiment with controlled illumination. The cameras scanned the samples floating in water and captured high-resolution images in 336 spectral bands. Using the resulting reflectance spectra of 1.89 million pixels in linear discriminant analyses (LDA), we determined the importance of each spectral band for discriminating between water and mixed floating debris, and vegetation and plastics. The absorption peaks of plastics (1215 nm, 1410 nm) and vegetation (710 nm, 1450 nm) are associated with high LDA weights. We then compared Sentinel-2 and Worldview-3 satellite bands with these outcomes and identified 12 satellite bands to overlap with important wavelengths for discrimination between the classes. Lastly, the Normalised Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI) and Floating Debris Index (FDI) were calculated to determine why they work, and how they could potentially be improved. These findings could be used to enhance existing efforts in monitoring macroplastic pollution, as well as form a baseline for the design of future multispectral RS systems.

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Ledieu, L., R. Tramoy, D. Mabilais, S. Ricordel, L. Verdier, B. Tassin, and J. Gasperi. "Macroplastic transfer dynamics in the Loire estuary: Similarities and specificities with macrotidal estuaries." Marine Pollution Bulletin 182 (September 2022): 114019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114019.

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Bardenas, Vince, Mathew Niño Dy, Sidney Lorenz Ondap, and Ricardo Fornis. "Exploring factors driving macroplastic emissions of Mahiga Creek, Cebu, Philippines to the estuary." Marine Pollution Bulletin 193 (August 2023): 115197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115197.

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Anggraini, Nani, Irfan Tawakkal, Djusdil Akrim, Indriyani Rachman, and Toru Matsumoto. "Visual Observation to Detect Macroplastic Object in River: A Review of Current Knowledge." Journal of Community Based Environmental Engineering and Management 8, no. 8 (March 16, 2024): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v8i1.12254.

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Currently, the world is facing the problem of plastic pollution in water bodies. Plastic waste has become an abundant pollutant in the marine, coastal and river environments, making it a major threat to aquatic life. Visual Observation in plastic monitoring is a popular method used to measure quantity, composition, and distribution, identify emerging trends, and design preventive measures or mitigation strategies. This study attempts to review recent studies regarding visual observation for detecting macroplastic objects in terms of current research trends and methodologies and suggests promising future research directions. This study used a systematic method with a bibliometric approach and qualitative content analysis to identify and review 108 articles on detecting litter objects in the water. The study results show that automatic object detection is starting to become a trend in visual Observation by relying on artificial intelligence (AI) with UAV devices and cameras that are processed using Machine Learning and Deep Learning methods which provide promising accuracy results.

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Connors, Elizabeth J. "Distribution and biological implications of plastic pollution on the fringing reef of Mo’orea, French Polynesia." PeerJ 5 (August 29, 2017): e3733. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3733.

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Coral reef ecosystems of the South Pacific are extremely vulnerable to plastic pollution from oceanic gyres and land-based sources. To describe the extent and impact of plastic pollution, the distribution of both macro- (>5 mm) and microplastic (plastic < 5 mm) of the fringing reef of an isolated South Pacific island, Mo’orea, French Polynesia was quantified. Macroplastic was found on every beach on the island that was surveyed. The distribution of this plastic was categorized by site type and by the presence of Turbinaria ornata, a common macroalgae on Mo’orea. Microplastics were discovered in the water column of the fringing reef of the island, at a concentration of 0.74 pieces m−2. Additionally, this study reports for the first time the ingestion of microplastic by the corallimorpha Discosoma nummiforme. Microplastics were made available to corallimorph polyps in a laboratory setting over the course of 108 h. Positively and negatively buoyant microplastics were ingested, and a microplastic particle that was not experimentally introduced was also discovered in the stomach cavity of one organism. This study indicates that plastic pollution has the potential to negatively impact coral reef ecosystems of the South Pacific, and warrants further study to explore the broader potential impacts of plastic pollution on coral reef ecosystems.

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Tasseron, Paolo, Hestia Zinsmeister, Liselotte Rambonnet, Auke-Florian Hiemstra, Daniël Siepman, and Tim van Emmerik. "Plastic Hotspot Mapping in Urban Water Systems." Geosciences 10, no. 9 (August 29, 2020): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10090342.

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Reducing plastic pollution in rivers, lakes, and oceans is beneficial to aquatic animals and human livelihood. To achieve this, reliable observations of the abundance, spatiotemporal variation, and composition of plastics in aquatic ecosystems are crucial. Current efforts mainly focus on collecting data on the open ocean, on beaches and coastlines, and in river systems. Urban areas are the main source of plastic leakage into the natural environment, yet data on plastic pollution in urban water systems are scarce. In this paper, we present a simple method for plastic hotspot mapping in urban water systems. Through visual observations, macroplastic abundance and polymer categories are determined. Due to its simplicity, this method is suitable for citizen science data collection. A first application in the Dutch cities of Leiden and Wageningen showed similar mean plastic densities (111–133 items/km canal) and composition (75–80% soft plastics), but different spatial distributions. These observations emphasize the importance of long-term data collection to further understand and quantify spatiotemporal variations of plastics in urban water systems. In turn, this will support improved estimates of the contribution of urban areas to the plastic pollution of rivers and oceans.

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Ramadhani, Muhamad Syahrul, Munasik Munasik, and Ita Riniatsih. "Kajian Jenis dan Bobot Sampah Makroplastik di Kawasan Padang Lamun Perairan Pulau Kelapa Dua Kepulauan Seribu Jakarta." Journal of Marine Research 12, no. 3 (June 17, 2023): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v12i3.33932.

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Sampah merupakan sesuatu yang terbuang atau dibuang dari sumber hasil aktifitas makhluk hidup dan tidak mempunyai nilai ekonomi. Sampah makroplastik merupakan sampah yang sulit atau tidak dapat terurai oleh mikroorganisme. Sampah dari daratan terbawa ombak ke laut menyebabkan pencemaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh sampah makroplastik terhadap kondisi padang lamun di perairan Pulau Kelapa Dua, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Materi penelitian yang digunakan yaitu sampah makro plastik yang diambil di perairan padang lamun dan air yang diambil di area padang lamun. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu persiapan, penentuan stasiun penelitian, pengambilan data, dan analisis data. Pengamatan sampah makroplastik di area padang lamun dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali pengulangan dalam satu stasiun. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tipe pasang surut di lokasi pengamatan memiliki tipe pasang surut diurnal type. Data kecepatan arus berkisar antara 0,021-0,030 m/s dengan arah arus menuju barat daya, suhu antara 29,5-32,6 oC, kadar salinitas berkisar antara 24-28 o/oo, kadar BOT antara 11,152-35,81 mg/liter, kadar DO antara 5,56-6,25 ppm, dan tingkat kecerahan menunjukan 100% jernih hingga dasar. Berat sampah makroplastik yang ditemukan di seluruh stasiun pengamatan berkisar antara 0,075-2,19 Kg dengan rata – rata ukuran sebesar 8,2-15,6 cm. Persentase penutupan lamun total memiliki nilai 26,77 %, hal ini menunjukan kondisi padang lamun di perairan Pulau Kelapa Dua termasuk kedalam kategori sedang. Garbage is generally something that is wasted or thrown away from the source of the activities of living things and has no economic value. Macroplastic waste is waste that is difficult or even impossible to decompose with the help of microorganisms. Garbage from the mainland will slowly be carried by the waves to the bottom of the ocean which can cause pollution to the ecosystem in the sea. This study aims to determine the effect of macroplastic waste on seagrass conditions in the waters of Kelapa Dua Island, Thousand Islands, Jakarta. The research material used consisted of macro plastic waste taken from seagrass beds, as well as water collected from seagrass beds. The method employed involved the preparation, maintenance of research steps, data collection, and data analysis. Observation of macroplastic waste in the seagrass area was carried out 3 times in one station. The results showed that the tidal type at the observation site had a diurnal tidal type. Current velocity data ranged from 0.021-0.030 m/s with the current direction towards the southwest, temperature between 29.5-32.6 oC, salinity levels ranging from 24-28 o/oo, BOT levels between 11,152-35.81 mg/liters, DO levels are between 5.56-6.25 ppm, and the brightness level shows 100% clear to basic. The weight of macroplastic waste found in all observation stations ranged from 0.075-2.19 Kg with an average size of 8.2-15.6 cm. The percentage of total seagrass cover has a value of 26.77%, this shows that the condition of seagrass beds in the waters of Kelapa Dua Island is included in the medium category.

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Ramadhani, Muhamad Syahrul, Munasik Munasik, and Ita Riniatsih. "Kajian Jenis dan Bobot Sampah Makroplastik di Kawasan Padang Lamun Perairan Pulau Kelapa Dua Kepulauan Seribu Jakarta." Journal of Marine Research 12, no. 3 (June 17, 2023): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v12i3.33932.

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Abstract:

Sampah merupakan sesuatu yang terbuang atau dibuang dari sumber hasil aktifitas makhluk hidup dan tidak mempunyai nilai ekonomi. Sampah makroplastik merupakan sampah yang sulit atau tidak dapat terurai oleh mikroorganisme. Sampah dari daratan terbawa ombak ke laut menyebabkan pencemaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh sampah makroplastik terhadap kondisi padang lamun di perairan Pulau Kelapa Dua, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Materi penelitian yang digunakan yaitu sampah makro plastik yang diambil di perairan padang lamun dan air yang diambil di area padang lamun. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu persiapan, penentuan stasiun penelitian, pengambilan data, dan analisis data. Pengamatan sampah makroplastik di area padang lamun dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali pengulangan dalam satu stasiun. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tipe pasang surut di lokasi pengamatan memiliki tipe pasang surut diurnal type. Data kecepatan arus berkisar antara 0,021-0,030 m/s dengan arah arus menuju barat daya, suhu antara 29,5-32,6 oC, kadar salinitas berkisar antara 24-28 o/oo, kadar BOT antara 11,152-35,81 mg/liter, kadar DO antara 5,56-6,25 ppm, dan tingkat kecerahan menunjukan 100% jernih hingga dasar. Berat sampah makroplastik yang ditemukan di seluruh stasiun pengamatan berkisar antara 0,075-2,19 Kg dengan rata – rata ukuran sebesar 8,2-15,6 cm. Persentase penutupan lamun total memiliki nilai 26,77 %, hal ini menunjukan kondisi padang lamun di perairan Pulau Kelapa Dua termasuk kedalam kategori sedang. Garbage is generally something that is wasted or thrown away from the source of the activities of living things and has no economic value. Macroplastic waste is waste that is difficult or even impossible to decompose with the help of microorganisms. Garbage from the mainland will slowly be carried by the waves to the bottom of the ocean which can cause pollution to the ecosystem in the sea. This study aims to determine the effect of macroplastic waste on seagrass conditions in the waters of Kelapa Dua Island, Thousand Islands, Jakarta. The research material used consisted of macro plastic waste taken from seagrass beds, as well as water collected from seagrass beds. The method employed involved the preparation, maintenance of research steps, data collection, and data analysis. Observation of macroplastic waste in the seagrass area was carried out 3 times in one station. The results showed that the tidal type at the observation site had a diurnal tidal type. Current velocity data ranged from 0.021-0.030 m/s with the current direction towards the southwest, temperature between 29.5-32.6 oC, salinity levels ranging from 24-28 o/oo, BOT levels between 11,152-35.81 mg/liters, DO levels are between 5.56-6.25 ppm, and the brightness level shows 100% clear to basic. The weight of macroplastic waste found in all observation stations ranged from 0.075-2.19 Kg with an average size of 8.2-15.6 cm. The percentage of total seagrass cover has a value of 26.77%, this shows that the condition of seagrass beds in the waters of Kelapa Dua Island is included in the medium category.

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Blettler, Martín C. M., Ever Agustini, Elie Abrial, Rubén Piacentini, Nicolás Garello, Karl M. Wantzen, Marcelo G. Vega, and Luis A. Espinola. "The challenge of reducing macroplastic pollution: Testing the effectiveness of a river boom under real environmental conditions." Science of The Total Environment 870 (April 2023): 161941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161941.

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36

Menezes, Rafael, Manuel Alves da Cunha-Neto, Grazielly Campos de Mesquita, and Guelson Batista da Silva. "Ingestion of macroplastic debris by the common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in the Western Equatorial Atlantic." Marine Pollution Bulletin 141 (April 2019): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.026.

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37

Yao, Weimin, Di Di, Zhenfeng Wang, Zhonglu Liao, Hong Huang, Kun Mei, Randy A. Dahlgren, Minghua Zhang, and Xu Shang. "Micro- and macroplastic accumulation in a newly formed Spartina alterniflora colonized estuarine saltmarsh in southeast China." Marine Pollution Bulletin 149 (December 2019): 110636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110636.

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38

Galarpe, Van Ryan Kristopher R., Caroline Marie B. Jaraula, and Maria Kristina O. Paler. "The nexus of macroplastic and microplastic research and plastic regulation policies in the Philippines marine coastal environments." Marine Pollution Bulletin 167 (June 2021): 112343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112343.

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39

Cortesi, I., A. Masiero, M. De Giglio, G. Tucci, and M. Dubbini. "RANDOM FOREST-BASED RIVER PLASTIC DETECTION WITH A HANDHELD MULTISPECTRAL CAMERA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2021 (June 28, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2021-9-2021.

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Abstract. Plastic pollution has become one of the main global environmental emergencies. A considerable part of used plastics materials is dispersed or accumulated in the environment with a significant damaging impact on many terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.Artificial Intelligence has proven a fundamental approach in last years for the detection of plastics waste in the aquatic habitats: several groups have recently tried to tackle such problem by developing some machine learning-based methods and multispectral or RGB imagery. This study compares the results obtained by two machine learning classifiers, namely Random Forests and Support Vector Machine, to detect macroplastic in the fluvial habitat through multispectral imagery. The acquisition of images has been made with a hand-held multispectral camera called MAIA-WV2. Despite the obtained results are quite good in terms of accuracy in a random validation dataset, some issues, mostly related to the presence of white rocks and glares on water have still to be properly solved.

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Menzel, Teresa, Sebastian Weigert, Andreas Gagsteiger, Yannik Eich, Sebastian Sittl, Georg Papastavrou, Holger Ruckdäschel, Volker Altstädt, and Birte Höcker. "Impact of Enzymatic Degradation on the Material Properties of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)." Polymers 13, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 3885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223885.

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With macroscopic litter and its degradation into secondary microplastic as a major source of environmental pollution, one key challenge is understanding the pathways from macro- to microplastic by abiotic and biotic environmental impact. So far, little is known about the impact of biota on material properties. This study focuses on recycled, bottle-grade poly(ethylene terephthalate) (r-PET) and the degrading enzyme PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis. Compact tension (CT) specimens were incubated in an enzymatic solution and thermally and mechanically characterized. A time-dependent study up to 96 h revealed the formation of steadily growing colloidal structures. After 96 h incubation, high amounts of BHET dimer were found in a near-surface layer, affecting crack propagation and leading to faster material failure. The results of this pilot study show that enzymatic activity accelerates embrittlement and favors fragmentation. We conclude that PET-degrading enzymes must be viewed as a potentially relevant acceleration factor in macroplastic degradation.

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Nihei, Yasuo, Takushi Yoshida, Tomoya Kataoka, and Riku Ogata. "High-Resolution Mapping of Japanese Microplastic and Macroplastic Emissions from the Land into the Sea." Water 12, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12040951.

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Plastic debris presents a serious hazard to marine ecosystems worldwide. In this study, we developed a method to evaluate high-resolution maps of plastic emissions from the land into the sea offshore of Japan without using mismanaged plastic waste. Plastics were divided into microplastics (MicPs) and macroplastics (MacPs), and correlations between the observed MicP concentrations in rivers and basin characteristics, such as the urban area ratio and population density, were used to evaluate nationwide MicP concentration maps. A simple water balance analysis was used to calculate the annual outflow for each 1 km mesh to obtain the final MicP emissions, and the MacP input was evaluated based on the MicP emissions and the ratio of MacP/MicP obtained according to previous studies. Concentration data revealed that the MicP concentrations and basin characteristics were significantly and positively correlated. Water balance analyses demonstrated that our methods performed well for evaluating the annual flow rate, while reducing the computational load. The total plastic input (MicP + MacP) was widely distributed from 210–4776 t/yr and a map showed that plastic emissions were high for densely populated and highly urbanized areas in the Tokyo metropolitan area, as well as other large urban areas, especially Nagoya and Osaka. These results provide important insights that may be used to develop countermeasures against plastic pollution and the methods employed herein can also be used to evaluate plastic emissions in other regions.

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Ebrahim, Adrianna, and Mia LeClerc. "Quantification of Microfibers from Marine Sediments from Three Locations in Southern California: An Exposed Beach (Ventura County), a Watershed (Los Angeles County), and an Enclosed Harbor (Orange County)." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 19, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2022.066.

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Microfibers are small (<5 mm) fibers made of synthetic materials that are ubiquitous in the environment. The purpose of this observational study was to quantify the number of microfibers in marine sediments and determine which locations have the highest risk for this type of pollution. Sediment samples were taken from three locations in Southern California (Sycamore Watershed, Ventura State Beach Jetty, and Newport Beach Harbor) to determine which had the highest number of microfibers. It was hypothesized that microfibers would be found at each sample site and that the most microfibers would be found at Sycamore Watershed due to its proximity to a wastewater discharge point. The microfibers were separated from the sediment through a process of stratification and filtration and analyzed by a one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Per sample, there was an average of 111.5 (土99.3, n=14) microfibers found per sample at Sycamore Watershed, 59 (土17.4, n=18) at Newport Beach Harbor, and 53 (土14.4, n=18) at Ventura State Beach Jetty. A total of 3,590 microfibers were found from all three sample sites. Analysis revealed that Sycamore Watershed had significantly more microfibers than any other site (p<.05). It is likely that Sycamore Watershed had the most microfibers because of its proximity to a sewage-sludge disposal site that contains the polluted water from our washing machines. In conclusion, microfibers are polluting the sediments in harbors, open coastlines, and watersheds in California, negatively affecting the ecosystems in these areas. KEYWORDS: Microfiber; Microplastic; Macroplastic; Marine Pollution; Synthetic Materials; Wastewater Treatment Plants; Sediments; Watershed; Harbor; Jetty

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Martynova, Anastasiia, Letizia Valluzzi, Mohamed S. Omar, and Carlos M. Duarte. "Discernible decline in macroplastic litter inputs to the central eastern Red Sea shoreline during the COVID-19 lockdown." Marine Pollution Bulletin 201 (April 2024): 116264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116264.

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Lahens, Lisa, Emilie Strady, Thuy-Chung Kieu-Le, Rachid Dris, Kada Boukerma, Emmanuel Rinnert, Johnny Gasperi, and Bruno Tassin. "Macroplastic and microplastic contamination assessment of a tropical river (Saigon River, Vietnam) transversed by a developing megacity." Environmental Pollution 236 (May 2018): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.005.

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Merga, Lemessa B., Paula E. Redondo-Hasselerharm, Paul J. Van den Brink, and Albert A. Koelmans. "Distribution of microplastic and small macroplastic particles across four fish species and sediment in an African lake." Science of The Total Environment 741 (November 2020): 140527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140527.

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Sofiana, Mega Sari Juane, Ikha Safitri, and Syarif Irwan Nurdiansyah. "Estuary Clean Up dalam Mendukung Pengelolaan Kawasan Pesisir Desa Sungai Nibung Kalimantan Barat." Journal of Community Development 4, no. 3 (March 21, 2024): 322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/comdev.v4i3.198.

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Desa Sungai Nibung is a coastal with high biodiversity, so this village has been designated as a conservation area in West Kalimantan with the main conservation target is mangrove. The mangrove ecosystem has an important ecological role, namely as a habitat for marine and coastal biota. A maintained ecosystem will protect the survival of the biota within it. Therefore, managing coastal areas is essential and a shared responsibility. One of the challenges faced in the management process in Desa Sungai Nibung is plastic waste pollution. This waste comes from disposal and runoff from land, which can enter rivers and the sea. Plastic pollution also comes from fishing activities, such as ship traffic, responsive fisheries, and cultivation. This waste needs to be appropriately managed because there is no final waste disposal site (TPA). Household waste and waste from several shops (plastic food and drink packaging) are dumped directly around the building. The accumulation of plastic waste will continue to increase. Therefore, cleanup activities were carried out to reduce plastic waste. Apart from that, this activity aims to educate activity participants about the negative impact of plastic waste on the environment. This community service activity was carried out by a lecturer in Marine Science, FMIPA, Tanjungpura University, who involved students from the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program. Beaches and coastal clean-up from macroplastic waste are carried out in residential areas, docks, and areas near fishing activities and ecotourism areas. Implementation of PKM activities consists of permission and coordination, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The waste from activities varies from plastic bags, sachet packaging, and food containers to fishing lines. Plastic waste dominates compared to other waste. Participants' understanding concerning plastic waste pollution and its negative impact on the environment and aquatic organisms increased after the activity took place.

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Christensen, Asbjørn, Jens Murawski, Jun She, and Michael St. John. "Simulating transport and distribution of marine macro-plastic in the Baltic Sea." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): e0280644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280644.

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We simulated the spatial distribution and dynamics of macro plastic in the Baltic Sea, using a new Lagrangian approach called the dynamical renormalization resampling scheme (DRRS). This approach extends the super-individual simulation technique, so the weight-per-individual is dynamic rather than fixed. The simulations were based on a mapping of the macro plastic sources along the Baltic coast line, and a five year time series of realistic wind, wave and current data to resolve time-variability in the transport and spatial distribution of macro plastics in the Baltic Sea. The model setup has been validated against beach litter observations and was able to reproduce some major spatial trends in macroplastic distributions. We also simulated plastic dispersal using Green’s functions (pollution plumes) for individual sources. e.g. rivers, and found a significant variation in the spatial range of Green’s functions corresponding to different pollution sources. We determined a significant temporal variability (up to 7 times the average) in the plastic concentration locally, which needs to be taken into account when assessing the ecological impact of marine litter. Accumulation patterns and litter wave formation were observed to be driven by an interplay between positive buoyancy, coastal boundaries and varying directions of physical forcing. Finally we determined the range of wind drag coefficients for floating plastic, where the dynamics is mostly directly wind driven, as opposed to indirectly by surface currents and waves. This study suggests that patterns of litter sorting by transport processes should be observable in many coastal and off-shore environments.

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Mejía-Estrella, Ixchel Alejandra, Carolina Peña-Montes, Luis Alberto Peralta-Peláez, Jorge Del Real Olvera, and Belkis Sulbarán-Rangel. "Microplastics in Sandy Beaches of Puerto Vallarta in the Pacific Coast of Mexico." Sustainability 15, no. 21 (October 25, 2023): 15259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152115259.

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In this research, the abundance and physical and chemical characteristics of microplastics (MPs) in coastal sediments from three beaches of Puerto Vallarta in Mexico were investigated. The objective of characterizing and finding MPs in sand is to generate information that is useful to manage macroplastic waste, prevent its additional generation, and thus reduce environmental pollution and achieve sustainable development. The MPs were classified according to their physical characteristics such as color, size, and shape under a stereoscopic microscope, and their wear and surface were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The chemical composition of the most representative types of polymers were detected by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. It can be observed that Los Muertos beach presents the highest number of MPs (97.5 particles/m2) followed by Boca de Tomates beach (69.75 particles/m2) and Oro beach (28.75 particles/m2). The differences found between the beaches are attributed to the tourist influx and proximity to the mouth of a river. In total, 37% of MPs were white, followed by 19% yellow, and 11% transparent. The shape distribution of microplastics of sizes < 5 mm and 1 mm was fragmented, the greatest abundance was microfibers, microfragments, and microfilms for MPs between <1 mm and 1 µm, and these corresponded to polyester, polyethylene, cellophane, and polystyrene, respectively.

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Wang, Shuying, Tinglu Fan, Wanli Cheng, Lei Wang, Gang Zhao, Shangzhong Li, Yi Dang, and Jianjun Zhang. "Occurrence of macroplastic debris in the long-term plastic film-mulched agricultural soil: A case study of Northwest China." Science of The Total Environment 831 (July 2022): 154881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154881.

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Cloux, Sara, Silvia Allen-Perkins, Hilda de Pablo, Daniel Garaboa-Paz, Pedro Montero, and Vicente Pérez Muñuzuri. "Validation of a Lagrangian model for large-scale macroplastic tracer transport using mussel-peg in NW Spain (Ría de Arousa)." Science of The Total Environment 822 (May 2022): 153338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153338.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Macroplastic pollution'

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