Relevant bibliographies by topics / Macrophyte

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Macrophyte'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Macrophyte"

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Chambers, Patricia A., Robert E. DeWreede, Elizabeth A. Irlandi, and Herbert Vandermeulen. "Management issues in aquatic macrophyte ecology: a Canadian perspective." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 4 (September 28, 1999): 471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-092.

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During the past few decades, attempts to manage excessive abundance of freshwater macrophytes, decreasing abundance of marine eelgrass (Zostera marina L.), and abundance and diversity of seaweeds have yielded modest successes, some short-term recoveries, and other complete failures. As many broad principles apply to the management of all aquatic plants, the aim of this paper was to synthesize the issues and provide direction for the management of freshwater rooted macrophytes, eelgrass, and marine macrophytic algae and place them in a Canadian context. Specifically, we examine biomass and landscape objectives for macrophyte management, assess the role of environmental manipulation for the management of macrophyte assemblages, and provide direction for managing macrophyte assemblages within the context of ecosystem sustainability. Finally, we advocate that, given the unexpected outcomes that may arise from uncontrolled events (e.g., weather, inherent variability in life history characteristics), management interventions should be designed in such a way that it is possible to make valid conclusions about the outcome of any given management action (i.e., design the management action to be a scientific experiment).Key words: macrophyte, algae, eelgrass, herbivores, nutrients, landscape ecology.
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Cahoon, Lawrence B., Michael A. Boller, Marc O. de Labry, Chandler A. Kosh, Matthew D. McDowell, Jessica E. Nixon, Robin L. Taylor, and Rebecca J. Wilson. "Phosphorus Partitioning in a Storm Water Pond." Journal of North Carolina Academy of Science 131, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7572/2167-5872-131.2.25.

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Abstract Storm water ponds are commonly employed to trap sediments, nutrients and other pollutants in non-point runoff. Aquatic macrophytes are thought to offer enhanced nutrient control via nutrient uptake and other processes. This study sampled and compared the phosphorus contents of water, sediment, and a dominant macrophyte, Stuckenia pectinata (Sago Pond Weed), in a storm water detention pond in the fall of 2013 and 2014. Phosphorus concentrations [ug P (g material)−1] were much higher in macrophyte tissues than in sediment and water, but the areal amounts of phosphorus (mg P m−2) bound in these three forms were ranked differently: sediment>>water>macrophyte, with macrophyte-bound P accounting for only <1–2% of total P in this pond. Macrophyte management may, therefore, have only marginal effectiveness in nutrient control by storm water detention ponds, although macrophytes support a variety of other ecosystem services.
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Lalonde, Sophie, and John A. Downing. "Phytofaun of Eleven Macrophyte Beds of Differing Trophic Status, Depth, and Composition." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 992–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-111.

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Macrophyte beds in 11 lakes of differing trophic conditions were sampled intensively to examine the influence of macrophyte abundance and composition, epiphyton biomass, phytoplankton concentration, and water depth on the abundance of phytophilous invertebrates. Numerical abundance and biomass of phytofaunal taxa were only weakly correlated. Phytofauna biomass ranged from 17 to 270 mg dry mass∙g macrophyte dry mass−1(1–29 g dry mass∙m−2) among the macrophyte beds. Multiple regression analysis showed that total phytofaunal biomass was positively correlated with the biomass of the three primary producers in the littoral zone: macrophytes, epiphyton, and phytoplankton. Phytofauna biomasses in deeper macrophyte beds or near the water surface were lower than those found in shallower water or near the sediment surface. Correlations of phytofauna biomass with macrophytes, epiphyton, and depth varied somewhat among phytofaunal taxa. The phytofauna biomass was often dominated by chironomid larvae, but gastropods, water mites, and oligochaetes were also important components of the phytofauna biomass. Small crustaceans such as cladocerans and copepods frequently were numerically dominant but usually composed only a small fraction of the biomass. Preference of various invertebrate taxonomic groups for particular species of aquatic macrophyte was slight.
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Riddin, T., and J. B. Adams. "Predicting macrophyte states in a small temporarily open/closed estuary." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 7 (2012): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11224.

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Temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs) shift between abiotic states associated with mouth status. The aim of this study was to assess whether macrophyte states could be identified based on the dominant cover abundance of different species representative of specific habitats. A 5-year dataset of monthly macrophyte cover was assessed for the East Kleinemonde Estuary in South Africa. Three macrophyte states were identified: namely open and tidal (predominantly intertidal salt marsh); closed and low water level (predominantly salt marsh); and closed and high water level (with submerged macrophytes). The threshold water level for the change from salt marsh to submerged macrophytes was 1.6 m above mean sea level (amsl). A fourth state where macroalgae were dominant was identified for high salinity conditions (above 30 PSU). It was then possible to examine simulated water level data for different inflow scenarios to determine how often these macrophyte states occurred. Available macrophyte habitat was also calculated for different water levels using a spatial model written in Modelbuilder (ArcGIS 9.3.1). Both methods used to predict available macrophyte habitats are rapid, requiring only information on the elevation range of the main habitats, as well as present distribution and bathymetric maps. These predictive techniques are useful in the determination of the ecological water requirements of small estuaries.
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Silva, Suelen Cristina Alves da, Armando Carlos Cervi, Cleusa Bona, and André Andrian Padial. "Aquatic macrophyte community varies in urban reservoirs with different degrees of eutrophication." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 26, no. 2 (June 2014): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2014000200004.

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AIM: Investigate spatial and temporal variation in the aquatic macrophyte community in four urban reservoirs located in Curitiba metropolitan region, Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that aquatic macrophyte community differ among reservoirs with different degrees of eutrophication. METHODS: The reservoirs selected ranged from oligotrophic/mesotrophic to eutrophic. Sampling occurred in October 2011, January 2012 and June 2012. Twelve aquatic macrophytes stands were sampled at each reservoir. Species were identified and the relative abundance of aquatic macrophytes was estimated. Differences among reservoirs and over sampling periods were analyzed: i) through two‑way ANOVAs considering the stand extent (m) and the stand biodiversity - species richness, evenness, Shannon-Wiener index and beta diversity (species variation along the aquatic macrophyte stand); and ii) through PERMANOVA considering species composition. Indicator species that were characteristic for each reservoir were also identified. RESULTS: The aquatic macrophyte stand extent varied among reservoirs and over sampling periods. Species richness showed only temporal variation. On the other hand, evenness and Shannon-Wiener index varied only among reservoirs. The beta diversity of macrophyte stands did not vary among reservoirs or over time, meaning that species variability among aquatic macrophyte stands was independent of the stand extent and reservoir eutrophication. Community composition depended on the reservoir and sampling period. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support our initial expectation that reservoirs of different degrees of eutrophication have different aquatic macrophyte communities. As a consequence, each reservoir had particular indicator species. Therefore, monitoring and management efforts must be offered for each reservoir individually.
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Hu, Wen, Weiwei Wei, Chun Ye, Chunhua Li, Ye Zheng, Xiaogang Shi, Manqi Chang, and Hongsen Chen. "Determining the Optimal Biomass of Macrophytes during the Ecological Restoration Process of Eutrophic Shallow Lakes." Water 13, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 3142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213142.

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Many studies have shown that macrophytes play a significant role in controlling eutrophication; however, only a few of these are based on macrophyte biomass. Based on the growth characteristic of macrophytes, we propose an approach for the assessment of the optimal biomass of macrophytes in the decay and growth periods in Lake Datong (a shallow lake), using a lake ecological model. The results showed that the pollution load of the lake should be reduced by 50% while conforming to the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (EQSSW) Class Ⅲ. In contrast, with an increase in the pollution load of 5%, the results indicate that the lake may deteriorate to a turbid state over the next few years. The macrophyte biomass should be harvested during the decay period, when 80% biomass is beneficial to the water quality of the eutrophic shallow lake. Based on macrophyte simulation from 2020–2024, the wet biomass of macrophytes should be controlled at 5.5 kg/m2. The current macrophyte biomass in Lake Datong is four-fold higher than the simulated optimal biomass. This study provides a reference for the adequate ecological restoration of the lake and its subsequent maintenance, as well as scientific support for improving the comprehensive evaluation standard of healthy lakes and the theoretical basis of lake ecological restoration.
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Vis, Chantal, Christiane Hudon, and Richard Carignan. "Influence of the vertical structure of macrophyte stands on epiphyte community metabolism." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1014–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-021.

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The physical structure of submerged aquatic plant communities differentially influences the availability of light and substratum in the water column and, thus, the functional role of epiphytes growing on macrophytes. We examined the depth distribution of photosynthesis and respiration of epiphyte communities within macrophyte stands of contrasting growth forms over a 2-year period in Lake Saint-Pierre (St. Lawrence River). To do so, we used a modelling approach, combining laboratory measurements of photosynthesis and respiration with field data of macrophyte and epiphyte biomass and vertical light attenuation. In stands dominated by canopy-forming macrophytes, shading resulted in strong vertical gradients in epiphyte metabolism, with a positive net oxygen balance in the canopy and a negative net oxygen balance in the bottom portion of the stand. In low-growing macrophyte stands, the net oxygen balance of epiphytes was either positive or negative, depending on water transparency and depth. Epiphyte communities had a daily negative net oxygen balance under light conditions below ~10% of surface light intensity. Areal production simulations demonstrated that neglecting variations in the vertical distribution of epiphytes, macrophytes, and light within macrophyte stands can result in errors in areal production estimates of >100%.
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Debastiani-Júnior, J. R., L. M. A. Elmoor-Loureiro, and M. G. Nogueira. "Habitat architecture influencing microcrustaceans composition: a case study on freshwater Cladocera (Crustacea Branchiopoda)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 76, no. 1 (January 22, 2016): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.13514.

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Abstract Environmental complexity is considered a key factor for diversity enhancement in aquatic ecosystems. Macrophyte stands are a major contributor for this complexity due to their differential architectures. Nevertheless, the influence of distinct aquatic habitat architectures (with different types of macrophytes or without them) on microcrustaceans’ taxa composition, usually found in macrophyte colonized water bodies, is underexplored in limnological studies. The main objective of this study was to analyze this influence by comparing the Cladocera composition among four habitat architectures: (1) fluctuant macrophytes, (2) rooted emergent macrophytes, (3) submerged macrophytes and (4) the limnetic zone of oxbow lakes associated to a large subtropical reservoir. Wide compositional variation was observed. Fluctuant macrophytes exhibited the richest Cladocera assemblage, dominated by Chydoridae. Submerged and rooted emergent macrophytes had the most similar assemblages between them. The most distinctive fauna was found in the limnetic zone, dominated by Bosminidae. Probable differences in resource availability in each sampled habitat architecture are considered as the driving factor for the Cladocera composition variation. We concluded that for a complete inventory of a given local fauna, it is imperative to take into account the aquatic habitat architecture, including macrophyte stands, in the data sampling design.
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Zeng, Jin, Yuanqi Bian, Peng Xing, and Qinglong L. Wu. "Macrophyte Species Drive the Variation of Bacterioplankton Community Composition in a Shallow Freshwater Lake." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 1 (October 28, 2011): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.05117-11.

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ABSTRACTMacrophytes play an important role in structuring aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we explored whether macrophyte species are involved in determining the bacterioplankton community composition (BCC) in shallow freshwater lakes. The BCC in field areas dominated by different macrophyte species in Taihu Lake, a large, shallow freshwater lake, was investigated over a 1-year period. Subsequently, microcosm experiments were conducted to determine if single species of different types of macrophytes in an isolated environment would alter the BCC. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), followed by cloning and sequence analysis of selected samples, was employed to analyze the BCC. The DGGE results of the field investigations indicated that the BCC changed significantly from season to season and that the presence of different macrophyte species resulted in lower BCC similarities in the summer and fall. LIBSHUFF analysis of selected clone libraries from the summer demonstrated different BCCs in the water column surrounding different macrophytes. Relative to the field observations, the microcosm studies indicated that the BCC differed more pronouncedly when associated with different species of macrophytes, which was also supported by LIBSHUFF analysis of the selected clone libraries. Overall, this study suggested that macrophyte species might be an important factor in determining the composition of bacterial communities in this shallow freshwater lake and that the species-specific influence of macrophytes on BCC is variable with the season and distance.
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Vermaire, Jesse C., Yves T. Prairie, and Irene Gregory-Eaves. "Diatom-inferred decline of macrophyte abundance in lakes of southern Quebec, Canada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 3 (March 2012): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-169.

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Submerged macrophytes play a central role in lake ecosystem functioning; however, their long-term dynamics are poorly understood. We have used the paleolimnological top–bottom approach to reconstruct changes in whole-lake macrophyte biomass between predisturbance and present-day conditions in 37 southern Quebec lakes. Estimates of whole-lake macrophyte biomass were produced using a diatom-based multivariate regression tree model (MRT) and modern analogue approach. Both approaches indicated an overall pattern of declining macrophyte abundance in the region. Based on MRT analysis, 80% of study lakes were classified as historically being in the macrophyte-dominated state, but now only 43% of the lakes are currently in this state. The lakes that shifted MRT group were found to have significantly (p = 0.03) greater building densities in their catchments compared with lakes that did not shift state. These results suggest that human impacts, primarily nutrient inputs and water level fluctuations, have played a role in reducing macrophyte abundance in southern Quebec lakes. Because submerged macrophyte beds help stabilize lake ecosystems and act as a phosphorus sink, a reduction in whole-lake macrophyte biomass could make lake ecosystems more susceptible to eutrophication.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Macrophyte"

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Clarke, Stewart Jonathon. "Sediment-macrophyte relationships in lowland English rivers : using macrophytes for biological assessment." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2000. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1395.

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A study of the relationship between submerged-rooted aquatic macrophytes and the chemical and physical characteristics of sediments in lowland British rivers is described. The focus of the research is the spatial variability of nutrient concentrations in river sediments and the preferences of particular macrophyte species for different sediment types. This information is required to further develop the use of macrophytes in the biological assessment of rivers. Sediment samples were collected from beneath macrophyte stands and unvegetated areas of the riverbed in 17 rivers. The sediment samples were analysed for total and inorganic phosphorus, total nitrogen, organic carbon, organic matter and silt-clay content. Data on water chemistry flow regimes, channel geometry and macrophyte habitat were also collected. Sediments were found to exhibit a high degree of variability both within 100m sites and between the different rivers, particularly with respect to phosphorus concentrations. There were relationships between sediment concentrations of total and inorganic phosphorus and between concentrations of total nitrogen, organic carbon and organic matter. No clear relationships between mean values for sediment parameters and either water column nutrient concentrations or flow regime were apparent. The significance of the sediment variables as a control on macrophyte community structure was investigated through the use of canonical ordination and discriminant analysis. Macrophyte species showed broad tolerances to all sediment variables and it was not possible to separate the influence of sediment nutrients from other sediment parameters or differences between rivers. Comparisons of water sediment and plant tissue nutrient concentrations at sites upstream and downstream of waste water treatment work outfalls on two rivers indicated that the discharges affected both the water and sediment concentrations but not plant tissue levels. The research suggests that the relationships between macrophytes and sediments in lowland rivers are complex and confounded by the effect of the plants themselves upon flow and sediment dynamics.
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Carden, Kerilynn M. "Macrophytes as fish habitat : the role of macrophyte morphology and bed complexity in fish species distributions /." Link to abstract, 2002. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/abstracts/2002/Carden.pdf.

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Pagès, Fauria Jordi. "A behavioural seascape ecology approach to macrophyte herbivory." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/126622.

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Overall, this thesis aims at approaching macrophyte herbivory and community ecology from a behavioural landscape perspective. Our study system, the seascape mosaic of Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows interspersed with sand patches and rocky areas with macroalgal cover, is particularly useful to test sound ecological questions. In essence, the macroherbivore community is made up of just two key species, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the fish Sarpa salpa. Both species are generalists and have been found to actively consume seagrass and macroalgae, profoundly altering habitat structure. Moreover, both animals differ in their mobility and in the predation risk they are subjected to, which poses interesting questions on how they will perceive, use, respond to and impact their surrounding seascape. S. salpa is a highly mobile species with few known extant predators, while the sea urchin P. lividus is a low mobility species with high rates of predation. The thesis is structured in five chapters that focus on different aspects of community organization and ecological interactions (chapter 4), animal movement (chapters 5 and 6), animal risk assessment and behavioural responses to predation risk (chapter 5), habitat selection and connectivity (chapter 6), influence of seascape attributes on herbivore foraging and thus on herbivores’ impacts on plants (chapter 7) and herbivores’ responses in terms of population and behaviour to disturbances (chapter 5). Chapters derive from field manipulative experiments (chapter 4), field mensurative campaigns (chapters 6, 7 and 8) or controlled experiments in the laboratory (chapter 5). In chapter 4 we observed that predation pressure on a key herbivore (sea urchin) can be modified both by the environmental context within which it finds itself and by the actions of another herbivore (S. salpa) that modifies the plant traits that create this environmental context (P. oceanica). Herbivores, particularly when acting as ecosystem engineers, may have the potential to mediate and increase predation risk, as they substantially modify habitat structure with consequences for refuge availability, among others. Indeed, this type of interactions may be stronger or softer according to prey movement patterns and their perception of risk. Sea urchins can perceive predator chemical cues and respond escaping from these stimuli altering their behaviour by switching among different movement patterns. Predation risk may be as important in determining animal movement patterns as feeding strategies, and in chapter 5 sea urchins responded with straighter paths in the presence of predator cues. We were also interested in the movement patterns of the other key herbivore of the system (chapter 6). The herbivorous fish S. salpa displayed large home ranges and connected distant habitats with their highly mobile behaviour. In spite of their mobility, they also displayed a strong selectivity for the seagrass habitat, which was preferred over the rocky and sand areas. Highly mobile species can connect distant habitats, and may perceive the landscape at a greater scale. The knowledge gained on the movement patterns of both herbivore species allowed us to assess the influence of seascape attributes on the herbivory patterns found in P. oceanica seagrass meadows. The observed spatial heterogeneity in the herbivory process may be mediated by the interaction of mobility of the two main herbivores (sea urchin and fish) with seascape configuration and predation risk. We finally proved that herbivores’ species-specific behaviour could lead to contrasting responses in the face of extreme storm events. Under catastrophic disturbances, the presence of different responses among the key herbivores of the system may be critical for the maintenance of functions. Differences in species behaviour and movement capacities explain why the most mobile species (in our case S. salpa) have the possibility to endure extreme storms, while the low-mobility species is subject to great population losses just relying on the structural complexity of the habitat to resist. Overall, we feel convinced that merging the behavioural and landscape approaches can result in new views in the ecology of functions such herbivory, in which at least two species interact among themselves framed by a given landscape configuration.
Aquesta tesi pretén aproximar-se a l’estudi de l’herbivorisme dels macròfits marins i a l’ecologia de comunitats des d’un punt de vista comportamental i de paisatge. Volem estudiar com en un sistema relativament senzill, els dos herbívors claus (el peix Sarpa salpa i la garota Paracentrotus lividus) interactuen entre ells, i com els seus aspectes comportamentals interactuen també amb la configuració del paisatge i l’hidrodinamisme. El nostre sistema d’estudi és el paisatge format per praderes de la planta marina Posidonia oceanica barrejades amb àrees de sorra i zones rocoses amb macroalgues. La tesi s’estructura en cinc capítols. El primer tracta de com la pressió de depredació sobre un herbívor clau (garotes) pot ser modificada tant pel context ambiental en què es troba com per les accions de peixos herbívors (salpes) que modifiquen els trets de la planta marina (posidònia) que crea aquest context ambiental. Aquestes interaccions seran més o menys intenses en funció de com reaccionin els individus presa davant dels depredadors. Per això vam estudiar el comportament de les garotes en funció de la presència o absència de senyals químics de depredadors. Vam observar que responen amb canvis en els seus patrons de moviment, amb trajectòries més rectilínies en presència de depredadors. També ens interessava entendre els patrons de moviment de l’altre herbívor del sistema, el peix S. salpa. Els nostres resultats mostren que aquest peix herbívor presenta grans àrees de campeig i que té la capacitat de connectar hàbitats distants gràcies a la seva gran mobilitat. Alhora, les salpes mostren una gran selectivitat per l’habitat de P. oceanica, que sembla clarament preferit sobre les àrees rocoses i de sorra. Els coneixements obtinguts sobre els moviments dels eriçons i les salpes ens van permetre estudiar la influència dels atributs de paisatge en l’herbivorisme en praderes de P. oceanica. L’heterogeneïtat espacial observada en l’herbivorisme és produïda, possiblement, per la interacció entre la mobilitat dels dos herbívors principals del sistema (garotes i salpes), la configuració del paisatge i el risc de depredació. Finalment, vam poder comprovar que les diferències de comportament observades entre els dos herbívors estudiats van implicar respostes dispars de les dues espècies davant una tempesta extrema, cosa que pot ser crítica pel manteniment de les funcions ecosistèmiques. En conjunt, estem convençuts que la unió dels punts de vista que aporten l’ecologia del comportament i l’ecologia del paisatge poden resultar en una millor i més completa comprensió de funcions ecològiques com l’herbivorisme, en les quals almenys dues espècies interaccionen incloses en un paisatge determinat.
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Tewfik, Alexander. "Patterns and effects of disturbance in Caribbean macrophyte communities." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85654.

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This thesis examines a number of natural and anthropogenic disturbances within marine macrophyte habitats of the Caribbean. Understanding the effects of disturbance and the patterns associated with such dynamics is fundamental to ecological studies. Dynamics of interest included: interactions between populations; interactions between life history strategies; successional regimes; and alterations of community structure including loss of trophic heterogeneity and the possibility of "alternate" states. First I explored natural physical disturbance and succession. The dominance of macroalgae in the mid-shore, between areas of seagrass, challenged "classic" succession in such communities. I therefore proposed a model that included chronic "stress" by wave energy that could lead to a reversal in the climax state. Next, I investigated the importance of other grazers (i.e. trophic heterogeneity) in mediating the strength of trophic cascades (e.g. overgrazing). The enclosure experiments used suggested that different life history strategies respond differently to experimental conditions and that interference competition between specialist (conch) and generalist (urchins) grazers results in urchins switching to alternate resources and displaying lower condition. This dynamic may indirectly "buffer" the community against population expansions of urchins and overgrazing of diversity enhancing detritus. Under high nutrient enrichment, urchins maintained themselves, the trophic cascade and low diversity by switching to "expanded" autochthonous and "new" allochthonous resources. I continued to examine the effects of increasing nutrient enrichment, which correlated well with increasing human density, by examining eleven seagrass beds. The patterns of increasing consumer density and decreasing consumer diversity corresponded well to increasing enrichment and loss of autochthonous detritus. At high levels of enrichment, the community was dominated (> 90%) b
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Martin, Grant Douglas. "Drivers of macrophyte assemblages in South African freshwater systems." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004127.

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Potentially damaging submerged invasive freshwater macrophytes have been identified in South African freshwater systems, but have received less attention than their floating counterparts. To ascertain the changes and effects that these species may have on macrophyte ecology, an understanding of the drivers of macrophyte assemblages is essential. The aims of this thesis were to investigate select abiotic and biotic factors driving introduction, establishment and spread of submerged macrophytes in South Africa. Surveys on the status of submerged plant species in South Africa were conducted to find out the distribution and diversity of the species present, imported to, and traded in South Africa. Numerous submerged indigenous and invasive macrophyte locality records were collected during field surveys, of which many were first time records. Pet stores and aquarist trading activities were identified as potential vectors for the spread of submerged macrophytes through online surveys and personal interviews. These results highlighted the potential these species have for continuing to enter, and spread within South African water bodies. Maximum Entropy (MAXENT) is a general-purpose method used to predict or infer distributions from incomplete information, and was used here to predict areas suitable for the establishment of five of these invasive macrophytes. Many systems throughout South Africa, particularly those in the subtropical coastal regions, were found to be climatically suitable for the establishment of Elodea canadensis Michx., Egeria densa Planch., Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (all Hydrocharitaceae), Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae), and Cabomba caroliniana Gray (Cabombaceae). Despite the high probability of invasion, facilitated by vectors and suitable climate, South Africa’s rich indigenous submerged aquatic flora may be preventing the establishment of these submerged invasive species. Studies on the competitive interactions between a common indigenous submerged macrophytes, Lagarosiphon major (Roxb.) (Hydrocharitaceae) and M.spicatum, an invasive native to Eurasia, were conducted to ascertain which conditions influence competitive superiority. High sediment nutrient conditions significantly increased the growth rate and competitive ability of both species, while clay sediments significantly increased the competitive ability of L. major over M. spicatum, but sandy sediments improved the competitive ability of M. spicatum. These results highlighted the dynamic changes in competition between submerged species driven by abiotic factors, but did not take into consideration the effect that herbivory, a biotic factor, could have on competition between the two species. The effect of herbivory by phytophagous insects of submerged plant species has been regarded as negligible. To find out what this effect is, multiple field surveys were undertaken throughout South Africa to find natural enemies of indigenous Lagarosiphon species with the aim of identifying such species, and quantifying their influence on plant growth dynamics. Several new phytophagous species were recorded for the first time. An ephydrid fly, Hydrellia lagarosiphon Deeming (Diptera: Ephydridae) was ascertained to be the most ubiquitous and abundant species associated with L. major in South Africa. The influence of herbivory by this fly on the competitive ability of L. major in the presence of M. spicatum was investigated using an inverse linear model, which showed that herbivory by H. lagarosiphon reduced the competitive ability of L. major by approximately five times in favour of M. spicatum. This study served to highlight the importance of herbivory as a driver of submerged aquatic plant dynamics. Current ecological theory emphasises the importance of investigating beyond plant-herbivore interactions, by including multitrophic interactions in community dynamics. Therefore, the potential of parasitism by a parasitoid wasp, Chaenusa luteostigma sp. n. Achterberg (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) on H. lagarosiphon to shift the competitive interactions between the two plant species was also examined. The addition of the parasitoid reduced the effect of herbivory by the fly on L. major by half, thereby shifting the competitive balance in favour of L. major over M. spicatum. This study provides valuable insight into a selection of drivers of submerged macrophyte assemblages of South Africa. It highlights the precarious position of South African freshwater systems with regard to the potential invasion by damaging submerged invasive species. It also provides interesting insights into the effect of competition, herbivory and parasitism on the establishment and spread of species within submerged freshwater systems. Understanding the different influences could assist managers and policy makers to make validated decisions ensuring the integrity of South African freshwater systems.
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Farina, Simone. "Scale-dependent factors modulate sea urchin predation in macrophyte communities." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325691.

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Many nearshore temperate coastal ecosystems are strongly regulated by top-down control. This is particularly true of shallow macrophyte communities, where habitat structuring is heavily dependent on the ability of predators to control populations of herbivorous sea urchins. Released from predation pressure, urchins can quickly transform macroalgal ecosystems to unproductive barrens. While temperate seagrasses are less dramatically affected, top-down processes still play critical roles in mediating trophic interactions and habitat structure. There has been considerable attention paid to understanding the role predator numbers (mostly fish) play in influencing the strength of predator-prey interactions in macrophyte communities. However, several factors apart from abundance can influence these interactions, which have received far less attention. In this thesis, I examine how the structure of the habitat itself can mediate top trophic interactions and how these processes vary with spatial scale. I begin by exploring how predation activity varies in relation to Posidonia oceanica habitat structure. Meadows can vary considerably in their structural attributes, and in the first Chapter I examine how canopy height and the height of the unburied rhizome matte influence predation intensity. My results show that meadow structure (canopy height and unburtied matte height) within habitats play critical roles in determining predation rates in these systems by mediating the availability of benthic refuge for urchins. I carry this work forward in Chapter two by comparing relative rates of predation across a gradient of increasing habitat structure across macrophyte communities (turf habitats, macroalgal habitats, low structured seagrass and high structured seagrass). To make these results generalizable, I compared these predation patterns across three different regional seascapes — the Caribbean, the Mediterranean and Western Australia — each with their own unique guild of fish and benthic predators. Habitat structure clearly regulated predation in all regions, but interestingly, the direction of its influence was highly dependent on the predator guild; regions dominated by visual fish predators showed a negative relationship between predation intensity and habitat structure, whereas where benthic predators (sea stars or molluscs) were common, predation increased with structure. How nearshore habitats are distributed in space (patch configuration, the spatial relationship between patches, aggregation patterns, etc.) can have strong effects on how predators and prey species move between and within habitats and, in Chapter three I examined the influence these landscape mosaic features had on modifying trophic interactions. My results indicate that these mosaics can generate lumpiness in the distribution of trophic function, with cold- and hot-spots of predation dependent on area-perimeter relationships, the presence of rocky substrates or the degree of habitat clumping in space. Overall, my thesis provides critical insights on how the predation function varies across scales in nearshore marine macrophyte communities. Sea urchins are often a keystone herbivore in these systems, and my thesis shows that their control is heavily influenced by the habitat itself. In particular, habitat can: (i) modify the interaction strength as a function of structure, (ii) can change the direction of the interaction depending on the dominant predator guild and (iii) generate hotspots of predation as a function of spatial configuration. My work indicates that predator abundance, while critical, does not reflect the true complexity of predator-prey interactions. Given the importance of predator-urchin dynamics to the functioning of nearshore macrophyte habitats, we need much more understanding of habitat characteristics at fine and large scales to be able to effectively manage these systems and the functions they embody.
En esta tesis se examina cómo la estructura de macrófitos marinos pueden mediar las interacciones tróficas entre depredadores y herbívoros, y cómo estos procesos varían en función de la escala espacial. Se comienza explorando las variaciones de la actividad de depredación en relación a la complejidad estructural de la pradera de Posidonia oceánica. En el primer capítulo se examina cómo la cobertura foliar y el nivel de enterramiento de los rizomas influye en la intensidad de la depredación de erizos. Los resultados demuestran que la estructura de la pradera juega un papel fundamental a la hora de determinar las tasas de depredación de estos sistemas mediante el control de la disponibilidad de refugio para los erizos. En el segundo capítulo se profundiza en algunas de las cuestiones abiertas en el primer capítulo comparando las tasas de depredación en un gradiente de complejidad estructural de diferentes praderas de macrófitos. Para poder generalizar los resultados, se comparan las tendencias encontradas entre tres diferentes bioregiones —Caribe, Mediterráneo occidental y Australia occidental— cada una caracterizada por su propia composición local de depredadores. Los resultados muestran que la estructura del hábitat regula la depredación en todas las regiones estudiadas, pero que la dirección de la influencia depende de la composición local de los depredadores. En regiones dominadas por depredadores pelágicos, es decir peces, se observa una relación negativa entre la intensidad de depredación y la complejidad de la estructura de los hábitats. Por el contrario, en regiones donde dominan los depredadores bentónicos, como gasterópodos, la actividad de depredación aumenta con la complejidad de la estructura del hábitat. La forma en la que los hábitats se distribuyen en el espacio puede tener efectos muy fuertes sobre las interacciones depredador-presa. En el tercer capítulo se examina la influencia de las características del paisaje de una pradera de P. oceánica fragmentada sobre la depredación. Los resultados indican que un paisaje en mosaico puede generar una distribución heterogénea del proceso de depredación determinando “puntos-fríos” y “puntos-calientes” de depredación en función de la complejidad estructural de las manchas, de la presencia de roca como refugio y del grado de agregación de estas características en el espacio. En definitiva esta tesis ofrece un estudio exhaustivo sobre como varía el proceso de depredación en las comunidades de macrófitos a diferentes escalas espaciales. La presente tesis demuestra que la estructura del hábitat es un factor regulador de la depredación de erizos, un componente clave en la cadena trófica de estos ecosistemas.
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Bedford, Alan Peter. "Metazoan detritivores and underwater decomposition processes of detached sublittoral macrophytes." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280777.

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Aichner, Bernhard. "Aquatic macrophyte-derived biomarkers as palaeolimnological proxies on the Tibetan Plateau." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4209/.

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The Tibetan Plateau is the largest elevated landmass in the world and profoundly influences atmospheric circulation patterns such as the Asian monsoon system. Therefore this area has been increasingly in focus of palaeoenvironmental studies. This thesis evaluates the applicability of organic biomarkers for palaeolimnological purposes on the Tibetan Plateau with a focus on aquatic macrophyte-derived biomarkers. Submerged aquatic macrophytes have to be considered to significantly influence the sediment organic matter due to their high abundance in many Tibetan lakes. They can show highly 13C-enriched biomass because of their carbon metabolism and it is therefore crucial for the interpretation of δ13C values in sediment cores to understand to which extent aquatic macrophytes contribute to the isotopic signal of the sediments in Tibetan lakes and in which way variations can be explained in a palaeolimnological context. Additionally, the high abundance of macrophytes makes them interesting as potential recorders of lake water δD. Hydrogen isotope analysis of biomarkers is a rapidly evolving field to reconstruct past hydrological conditions and therefore of special relevance on the Tibetan Plateau due to the direct linkage between variations of monsoon intensity and changes in regional precipitation / evaporation balances. A set of surface sediment and aquatic macrophyte samples from the central and eastern Tibetan Plateau was analysed for composition as well as carbon and hydrogen isotopes of n-alkanes. It was shown how variable δ13C values of bulk organic matter and leaf lipids can be in submerged macrophytes even of a single species and how strongly these parameters are affected by them in corresponding sediments. The estimated contribution of the macrophytes by means of a binary isotopic model was calculated to be up to 60% (mean: 40%) to total organic carbon and up to 100% (mean: 66%) to mid-chain n-alkanes. Hydrogen isotopes of n-alkanes turned out to record δD of meteoric water of the summer precipitation. The apparent enrichment factor between water and n-alkanes was in range of previously reported ones (≈-130‰) at the most humid sites, but smaller (average: -86‰) at sites with a negative moisture budget. This indicates an influence of evaporation and evapotranspiration on δD of source water for aquatic and terrestrial plants. The offset between δD of mid- and long-chain n-alkanes was close to zero in most of the samples, suggesting that lake water as well as soil and leaf water are affected to a similar extent by those effects. To apply biomarkers in a palaeolimnological context, the aliphatic biomarker fraction of a sediment core from Lake Koucha (34.0° N; 97.2° E; eastern Tibetan Plateau) was analysed for concentrations, δ13C and δD values of compounds. Before ca. 8 cal ka BP, the lake was dominated by aquatic macrophyte-derived mid-chain n-alkanes, while after 6 cal ka BP high concentrations of a C20 highly branched isoprenoid compound indicate a predominance of phytoplankton. Those two principally different states of the lake were linked by a transition period with high abundances of microbial biomarkers. δ13C values were relatively constant for long-chain n-alkanes, while mid-chain n-alkanes showed variations between -23.5 to -12.6‰. Highest values were observed for the assumed period of maximum macrophyte growth during the late glacial and for the phytoplankton maximum during the middle and late Holocene. Therefore, the enriched values were interpreted to be caused by carbon limitation which in turn was induced by high macrophyte and primary productivity, respectively. Hydrogen isotope signatures of mid-chain n-alkanes have been shown to be able to track a previously deduced episode of reduced moisture availability between ca. 10 and 7 cal ka BP, indicated by a 20‰ shift towards higher δD values. Indications for cooler episodes at 6.0, 3.1 and 1.8 cal ka BP were gained from drops of biomarker concentrations, especially microbial-derived hopanoids, and from coincidental shifts towards lower δ13C values. Those episodes correspond well with cool events reported from other locations on the Tibetan Plateau as well as in the Northern Hemisphere. To conclude, the study of recent sediments and plants improved the understanding of factors affecting the composition and isotopic signatures of aliphatic biomarkers in sediments. Concentrations and isotopic signatures of the biomarkers in Lake Koucha could be interpreted in a palaeolimnological context and contribute to the knowledge about the history of the lake. Aquatic macrophyte-derived mid-chain n-alkanes were especially useful, due to their high abundance in many Tibetan Lakes and their ability to record major changes of lake productivity and palaeo-hydrological conditions. Therefore, they have the potential to contribute to a fuller understanding of past climate variability in this key region for atmospheric circulation systems.
Das tibetische Hochplateau ist die größte gehobene Landmasse der Erde und beeinflusst maßgeblich atmosphärische Zirkulationsmuster wie den Asiatischen Monsun. Um die Auswirkungen zukünftiger Schwankungen der Monsundynamik auf das regionale Klima besser einschätzen zu können, ist es wichtig, ein fundiertes Verständnis vergangener Klimaänderungen zu entwickeln. Daher ist das Tibetplateau in den letzten Jahren mehr und mehr in den Fokus paläoklimatischer Studien gerückt. Die große Anzahl an Seen in der Region bietet ein unerschöpfliches Klimaarchiv und viele Studien haben sich bereits mit Seesedimenten zur Klimarekonstruktion befasst. Dabei wurde in erster Linie auf biologische, sedimentologische und geochemische Parameter zurückgegriffen, wohingegen organische Biomarker bisher recht selten benutzt wurden. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Anwendbarkeit dieser potentiellen Klimaindikatoren auf dem Tibetplateau. Hierbei wurde ein Schwerpunkt auf die Analyse kutikularer Blattwachse von Wasserpflanzen gelegt, da diese wegen ihres starken Auftretens in tibetischen Seen einen erheblichen Beitrag zur organischen Substanz im Sediment leisten. Um den Einfluss von Wasserpflanzen auf das Sediment über einen weiten klimatischen Gradienten zu untersuchen, wurden Oberflächensedimente und Wasserpflanzen vom zentralen und östlichen Tibetplateau auf ihre Biomarkerzusammensetzung sowie auf ihre Kohlen- und Wasserstoffisotopensignatur untersucht. Dadurch wurde das Verständnis über beeinflussende Faktoren auf diese Parameter in Sedimenten vertieft. In einem Sedimentbohrkern des Koucha-Sees (östliches Tibetplateau) konnten diese Parameter dann im Hinblick auf Änderungen der Produktivität im See sowie der hydrologischen und klimatischen Bedingungen der letzten 15000 Jahre interpretiert werden. Es zeigte sich, dass der See bis 8000 Jahre vor Heute stark mit Wasserpflanzen bewachsen war, während die letzten 6000 Jahre Algen dominierten. Mit Hilfe von Wasserstoffisotopen wurden eine Zunahme des Monsuns und steigende Niederschläge zwischen 15000 und 10000 Jahren vor Heute sowie eine relativ trockene Periode zwischen 10000 und 7000 Jahren vor Heute rekonstruiert. Durch Kombination von Biomarkerkonzentrationen sowie deren Kohlenstoffisotopensignal wurden außerdem kurzzeitige Kälteperioden um ca. 6000, 3100 und 1800 Jahren vor Heute nachgewiesen, die vorher bereits in anderen Klimaarchiven in Tibet sowie auf der nördlichen Hemisphäre belegt wurden. Mit Hilfe von organischen Biomarkern konnte so ein detailliertes Bild über die Entwicklung des Koucha-Sees seit dem letzten Glazial gewonnen werden. Organische Biomarker haben sich somit als geeignet erwiesen, einen Beitrag zur Klimarekonstruktion auf dem Tibetplateau zu leisten.
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Anderson, Robin 1956. "The relationship between sediment nutrients and aquatic macrophyte biomass in situ /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72757.

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Handley, Richard John. "Determinants of rarity in a dioecious annual macrophyte, Najas marina L." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327542.

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Books on the topic "Macrophyte"

1

Pokorný, Jan. Macrophyte photosynthesis and aquatic environment. Praha: Academia, 1991.

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SETAC-Europe Workshop AMRAP $d (2008 : $c Wageningen, Netherlands). Aquatic macrophyte risk assessment for pesticides. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2010.

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van Vierssen, Wim, Michiel Hootsmans, and Jan Vermaat, eds. Lake Veluwe, a Macrophyte-dominated System under Eutrophication Stress. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2032-6.

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Dodkins, Ian Robert. Developing a macrophyte index of ecological status for Northern Ireland's rivers. [S.l: The author], 2002.

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Lukatelich, R. J. Leschenault Inlet, macrophyte abundance and distribution: Report to the Waterways Commission. Perth, W.A: Waterways Commission, 1989.

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Finlayson, C. M. Macrophyte vegetation of the Magela Creek flood plain, Alligator Rivers Region, Northern Territory. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1989.

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Westwood, Christian G. The responses of chalk stream macrophyte communities to environmental conditions at a range of spatial scales. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, 2003.

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Waldron, Marcus C. Use of thematic mapper imagery to assess water quality, trophic state, and macrophyte distributions in Massachusetts lakes. Northborough, Mass: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Waldron, Marcus C. Use of thematic mapper imagery to assess water quality, trophic state, and macrophyte distributions in Massachusetts lakes. Northborough, MA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Elliott, H. Heavy metal behaviour and the role of the emergent macrophyte in natural wetlands at Parys Mountain,Anglesey, North Wales. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Macrophyte"

1

Thornber, Carol, Emily Jones, and Mads Thomsen. "Epibiont-Marine Macrophyte Assemblages." In Marine Macrophytes as Foundation Species, 43–65. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315370781-4.

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Craft, Christopher. "Emergent Macrophyte Biomass Production." In Methods in Biogeochemistry of Wetlands, 137–53. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser10.c9.

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Puchkova, Tatiana V., Sofia A. Khapchaeva, Vasily S. Zotov, Alexandr A. Lukyanov, Svetlana G. Vasilieva, Ambati Ranga Rao, Gokare A. Ravishankar, and Alexei E. Solovchenko. "Cosmeceuticals from Macrophyte Algae." In Sustainable Global Resources of Seaweeds Volume 2, 559–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92174-3_30.

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Donabaum, Karl, Michael Schagerl, and Martin T. Dokulil. "Integrated management to restore macrophyte domination." In The Ecological Bases for Lake and Reservoir Management, 87–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3282-6_8.

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Hurford, Clive. "Observer Variation in River Macrophyte Surveys." In Biological Monitoring in Freshwater Habitats, 137–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9278-7_14.

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Hadad, H. R., M. A. Maine, M. M. Mufarrege, G. A. Di Luca, G. C. Sanchez, and E. Nocetti. "Macrophyte Importance in Contaminant Treatment and Biomonitoring." In Removal of Emerging Contaminants Through Microbial Processes, 435–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5901-3_21.

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Cirujano, S., M. Álvarez-Cobelas, and R. Sánchez-Andrés. "Macrophyte Ecology and Its Long-term Dynamics." In Ecology of Threatened Semi-Arid Wetlands, 175–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9181-9_7.

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Graham, Michael, Michael Fox, and Scott Hamilton. "Macrophyte Productivity and the Provisioning of Energy and Habitat to Nearshore Systems." In Marine Macrophytes as Foundation Species, 133–52. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315370781-7.

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Comín, Francisco A., Margarita Menéndez, and Juan R. Lucena. "Proposals for macrophyte restoration in eutrophic coastal lagoons." In Biomanipulation Tool for Water Management, 427–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0924-8_37.

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Søndergaard, Morten, Jon Theil-Nielsen, Kirsten Christoffersen, Louise Schlüter, Erik Jeppesen, and Martin Søndergaard. "Bacterioplankton and Carbon Turnover in a Dense Macrophyte Canopy." In The Structuring Role of Submerged Macrophytes in Lakes, 250–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0695-8_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Macrophyte"

1

Maksimova, Ekaterina, Ekaterina Maksimova, Vladimir Zhigulsky, Vladimir Zhigulsky, Vladimir Shuisky, and Vladimir Shuisky. "ASSESSMENT OF THE SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF THE MACROPHYTE THICKET ECOSYSTEMS IN THE NEVA BAY AND THE ADJACENT WATERS OF THE EASTERN GULF OF FINLAND." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431672d7ed.

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The macrophyte thicket ecosystems of higher aquatic vegetation in the Neva Bay (NB) and Eastern Gulf of Finland (EGoF) perform many important roles, including acting as the habitats, nesting sites and migration sites for aquatic and semi-aquatic birds, creating the specific conditions necessary for the spawning and growth of many species of fish, and taking part in the self-purification of the aquatic ecosystems. Many anthropogenic disturbances, hydraulic works in particular, have a significant negative impact on these macrophyte thicket ecosystems. In recent years, the active growth of a new type of macrophyte thicket has been observed in the NB. This is due to the aftereffects of the construction of the Saint Petersburg Flood Prevention Facility Complex (FPFC). It is quite likely that the total macrophyte thicket area in these waters is currently increasing. In the future, it will be necessary to assess the environmental impacts of the hydraulic works on the macrophyte thicket of the NB and EGoF, taking into account the background processes of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the reed beds in the waters in question. To do this, it will be necessary to carry out a comprehensive study of these ecosystems and identify patterns in their spatial and temporal dynamics. The program of the study has been developed and is currently being implemented by Eco-Express-Service, a St. Petersburg eco-design company.
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Maksimova, Ekaterina, Ekaterina Maksimova, Vladimir Zhigulsky, Vladimir Zhigulsky, Vladimir Shuisky, and Vladimir Shuisky. "ASSESSMENT OF THE SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF THE MACROPHYTE THICKET ECOSYSTEMS IN THE NEVA BAY AND THE ADJACENT WATERS OF THE EASTERN GULF OF FINLAND." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93849b8ce5.05692343.

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The macrophyte thicket ecosystems of higher aquatic vegetation in the Neva Bay (NB) and Eastern Gulf of Finland (EGoF) perform many important roles, including acting as the habitats, nesting sites and migration sites for aquatic and semi-aquatic birds, creating the specific conditions necessary for the spawning and growth of many species of fish, and taking part in the self-purification of the aquatic ecosystems. Many anthropogenic disturbances, hydraulic works in particular, have a significant negative impact on these macrophyte thicket ecosystems. In recent years, the active growth of a new type of macrophyte thicket has been observed in the NB. This is due to the aftereffects of the construction of the Saint Petersburg Flood Prevention Facility Complex (FPFC). It is quite likely that the total macrophyte thicket area in these waters is currently increasing. In the future, it will be necessary to assess the environmental impacts of the hydraulic works on the macrophyte thicket of the NB and EGoF, taking into account the background processes of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the reed beds in the waters in question. To do this, it will be necessary to carry out a comprehensive study of these ecosystems and identify patterns in their spatial and temporal dynamics. The program of the study has been developed and is currently being implemented by Eco-Express-Service, a St. Petersburg eco-design company.
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Kapitonova, Оlga А. "Macrophyte flora of the city of Tobolsk: concise analysis." In BDI 2020 – “Information technology in biodiversity research”. III National Scientific Conference with international participation dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Academician Pavel Gorchakovskii. Pensoft Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/ap.2.e55635.

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LIMA, L. K. S., C. E. BENTO, M. G. C. SILVA, and M. G. A. VIEIRA. "FIXED BED BIOSORPTION USING AQUATIC MACROPHYTE IN LEAD REMOVAL." In XX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeq2014-1996-16493-145673.

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LIMA, L. K. S., C. E. BENTO, M. G. C. SILVA, and M. G. A. VIEIRA. "COMPETITIVE BIOSORPTION OF CHROMIUM AND LEAD INTO SALVINIA NATANS MACROPHYTE." In XX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeq2014-1563-18647-145685.

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Donghai Yuan, Wenlin Ma, Chenling Yan, Liansheng He, and Liu Jianwei. "Studying characteristics of aquatic dissolved organic matter in a macrophyte-dominated lake." In 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Problems in Architecture and Construction. IET, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2011.1272.

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Negreanu-Pirjol, Bogdan-Stefan. "ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY OF SOME MACROPHYTE ALGAE EXTRACTS FROM SOUTH ROMANIAN BLACK SEA COAST." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b61/s25.038.

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Roomiani, Laleh, Sara Nikbakht, and Aboalfazl Askary Sary. "Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation by the Aquatic Macrophyte, Phragmites Australis in Fish Culture Ponds." In 6th Annual International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Sciences (SEES 2017). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-189x_sees17.10.

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Bradt, Serena, John D. Halfman, Joshua Andrews, Ileana Dumitriu, and Peter Spacher. "BLUE GREEN ALGAE AND MACROPHYTE SURVEILLANCE BY DRONES (UAVS) IN OWASCO LAKE, NY." In 53rd Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018ne-310584.

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Sakakibara, Masayuki. "Phytoremediation of toxic elements-polluted water and soils by aquatic macrophyte Eleocharis acicularis." In TOWARDS THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT: FROM BASIC TO APPLIED RESEARCH: Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Biological Science. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953512.

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Reports on the topic "Macrophyte"

1

Zimmerman, Richard C. Radiative Transfer in Submerged Macrophyte Canopies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627675.

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Best, Elly P., and William A. Boyd. A Simulation Model for Growth of the Submersed Aquatic Macrophyte Sago Pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus L.). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416512.

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Best, Elly P., and William A. Boyd. A Simulation Model for Growth of the Submersed Aquatic Macrophyte Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum Spicatum L.). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada370607.

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Peterson, Scott N. Macrophage Responses to B. Anthracis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada428855.

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Hanna, Philip C. Macrophage Responses to B. Anthracis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada456287.

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6

Broaddus, V. C. Role of Macrophage-induced Inflammation in Mesothelioma. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582550.

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7

Mitchell, Brian G., Amir Neori, Charles Yarish, D. Allen Davis, Tzachi Samocha, and Lior Guttman. The use of aquaculture effluents in spray culture for the production of high protein macroalgae for shrimp aqua-feeds. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597934.bard.

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Abstract:
The FAO has projected a doubling in world demand for seafood during the 21 ed from aquaculture of marine fish and shrimps fed primarily on fishmeal-based aquafeeds. However, current practices of high intensity monoculture of shrimp in coastal ponds and fish in offshore pens have been strongly criticized as being ecologically and socially unsustainable. This view derives from un- checked eutrophication of coastal marine ecosystems from fish farm effluents, and the destruction of coastal estuarine ecosystems by shrimp farm constructions, plus aquaculture’s reliance on wild-caught small fish - which are excellent food for humans, but instead are rendered into fishmeal and fish oil for formulating aquafeeds. Fishmeal-sparing and waste- reduction aquafeeds can only delay the time when fed aquaculture product are priced out of affordability for most consumers. Additionally, replacement of fishmeal protein and fish oil by terrestrial plant sources such as soybean meal and oil directly raises food costs for human communities in developing nations. New formulations incorporating sustainably-produced marine algal proteins and oils are growing in acceptance as viable and practical alternatives. This BARD collaborative research project investigated a sustainable water-sparing spray/drip culture method for producing high-protein marine macrophyte meals for incorporation into marine shrimp and fish diets. The spray culture work was conducted at laboratory-scale in the USA (UCSD-SIO) using selected Gracilariaand Ulvastrains isolated and supplied by UCONN, and outdoors at pilot-scale in Israel (IOLR-NCM) using local strains of Ulvasp., and nitrogen/phosphorus-enriched fish farm effluent to fertilize the spray cultures and produce seaweed biomass and meals containing up to 27% raw protein (dry weight content). Auburn University (USA) in consultation with TAMUS (USA) used the IOLR meals to formulate diets and conduct marine shrimp feeding trials, which resulted in mixed outcomes, indicating further work was needed to chemically identify and remove anti-nutritional elements present in the IOLR-produced seaweed meals.
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Abrass, Itamar B., and Christine K. Abrass. Influence of Stress-Induced Catecholamines on Macrophage Phagocytosis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada206608.

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Blystone, Robert V. Image Analysis of Viral-Expressing Mouse Macrophage Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada238230.

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Groopman, Jerome E. Pathobiology of HTLV-III/LAV In Human Monocyte-Macrophage. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada221724.

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