Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Macrophag'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Macrophag.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Brown, Bronnwyn Elizabeth. "The role of glycation and glycoxidation of low-density lipoproteins in foam cell formation." University of Sydney. Central Clinical School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/682.
Full textBrown, Bronnwyn Elizabeth. "The role of glycation and glycoxidation of low-density lipoproteins in foam cell formation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/682.
Full textSvensson, Ulf. "Macrophage activation by bacteria signalling to prostaglandin and cytokine responses /." Lund : Dept. of Medical & Physiological Chemistry, Lund University, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=sAhrAAAAMAAJ.
Full textHiguera, González Laura 1993. "Novel transcription regulators of tissue macrophages and alternative macrophage polarization." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672702.
Full textLos macrófagos juegan un papel muy importante en la defensa del organismo frente a una amplia variedad de patógenos. Los macrófagos se adaptan rápidamente a las perturbaciones en el microambiente gracias a que existe una compleja red de factores de transcripción que modulan sus respuestas. En los últimos años se han identificado factores de transcripción que regulan la identidad de los macrófagos, sin embargo, apenas se está comenzando a conocer la importancia de otros factores de transcripción que permiten adaptar la respuesta de los macrófagos, tanto en condiciones homeostáticas como frente a infecciones. Anteriormente nuestro grupo identificó reguladores transcripcionales de las respuestas pro-inflamatorias de los macrófagos, y en este trabajo hemos explorado la función de nuevos mecanismos reguladores que participan en la regulación de la distribución de los macrófagos en homeostasis, así como en las respuestas anti-inflamatorias de los macrófagos. Hemos estudiado poblaciones de macrófagos con diferentes ontogenias que habitan dentro de los tejidos y hemos caracterizado su regulación transcripcional. Además, hemos comparado la respuesta anti-inflamatoria de los diferentes macrófagos tisulares y así hemos identificado que existe un mecanismo transcripcional específico que controla la expresión de genes anti-inflamatorios según el origen del macrófago.
Tabata, Yasuhiko. "Macrophage phagocytosis of polymer microspheres and antitumor activation of macrophages." Kyoto University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/74704.
Full textRaborn, Erinn Shenee. "Cannabinoid Modulation of Chemotaxis of Macrophages and Macrophage-like Cells." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1333.
Full textGrand-Perret, Thierry A. R. "Induction d'une activité anti-tumorale chez les macrophages péritonéaux murins." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112301.
Full textDi, Maggio Paula. "Dietary lipids and inflammation : chylomicron remnants suppress pro-inflammatory pathways and activate antioxidant defence mechanisms in human macrophages." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618287.
Full textGeorges, George Tharwat. "Novel Characteristics of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages and Human Macrophage-Like Cells." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/932.
Full textAdler, Heiko. "Fetal bovine bone marrow-derived macrophages : a model for studying basic aspects of macrophage biology and pathogen-macrophage interaction in cattle /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full textBouchareychas, Laura. "Implication des phagocytes mononuclées dans l'évolution de la plaque d'athérosclérose et relation avec l'homéostasie du cholestérol et des lipoprotéines." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066282/document.
Full textAtherosclerosis represents a chronic pathophysiological process implicated in the majority of cardiovascular diseases. The development of atherosclerotic lesions is characterized by an accumulation of extra and intracellular lipids in the arterial wall at the origin of a strong inflammatory response involving macrophages.Macrophages are considered key actors in the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Indeed, because of their ability to metabolize cholesterol (capture, storage, efflux), to regulate inflammation and to phagocyte apoptotic cells, they exert pro and/or anti-atherogenic functions that may be modulated therapeutically. In this context, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of macrophages protected against apoptosis, on the progression of established atherosclerotic lesions.We have demonstrated that increased macrophage survival can slow down the progression of established lesions, stabilize lesion and reduce cholesterol levels. These athero-protective effects are attributed to the increase in Kupffer cells and Ly-6Clow monocytes partly due to their ability to produce apolipoprotein E. We also show that Kupffer cells are involved in the clearance of pro-atherogenic lipoproteins. The increase in ApoE pool and in Kupffer cells reduces cholesterol levels and thus lesion progression
Awomoyi, Agnes Abiola Oluwatoyin. "Genetics of susceptibility to tuberculosis." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58012/.
Full textAlhanghari, Mofeda Abdussalam. "The Anti-Apoptotic Effect of HSV-1 ON Murine Macrophages: RAW 246.7Murine Macrophage Cell Line." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1472747895.
Full textChanez, Pascal. "Hétérogéneité morphologique et fonctionnelle des macrophages des voies aériennes de l'asthmatique." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON1T038.
Full textRivier, Agnès. "Activation des phagocytes mononucléés chez les sujets normaux et les sujets asthmatiques/ Agnès Rivier." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON1T020.
Full textWarby, Tammra. "Interactions between granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and human monocyte-derived macrophages following infection with HIV-1 /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19318.pdf.
Full textFinney-Hayward, Tricia Kate. "Monocyte-derived macrophages as a lung macrophage model in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : characterisation and functional output." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8330.
Full textWalter, Michaela Roylene Valerie. "Macrophages in bovine footrot, the effect of Porphyromonas levii on macrophage function and pro-inflammatory cytokine production." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65143.pdf.
Full textMerlin, Johanna. "Étude de l’influence de la glutaminolyse des macrophages dans les maladies cardio-métaboliques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2020COAZ6016.
Full textChronic inflammatory diseases such as obesity or atherosclerosis are a major public health concern in the western countries. It is now well established that immune cells, and in particular macrophages, play a critical role in the initiation and progression of cardiometabolic diseases. Indeed, tissue resident macrophages control tissue homeostasis such as visceral adipose tissue expansion and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Immuno-metabolism is a new research area that illustrates macrophage adaptability to their nutritional environment for their function maintenance. We therefore looked at the role of glutamine in macrophage homeostasis and its impact on obesity and atherosclerosis. Therefore, we genetically abolished the limiting enzyme hydrolyzing glutamine to glutamate, called glutaminase 1 (Gls1), specifically in myeloid cells.In our first study, our data demonstrate that Gls1 deficiency in myeloid cells leads to glucose intolerance on a high-fat diet. This is associated with a decrease in norepinephrine levels in brown adipose tissue leading to defective thermogenesis. Our results highlight a decrease in spinal cord macrophage adhesion to glutamatergic neurons leading therefore to a decrease in neuron activation. Thus, our study demonstrates the role of macrophage glutaminolysis in controlling the sympathetic tone of thermogenic adipose tissue.Secondly, we studied the impact of myeloid cell glutaminolysis on atherosclerosis development. Glutaminolysis invalidation in myeloid cells leads to an increase atherosclerotic plaque area. In particular, we observed an increase in plaque necrosis suggesting a new function for macrophage glutaminolysis. We also validated this association in human atheromatous plaques. Although Gls1 deficiency in macrophages does not affect their survival, we showed a key role of this pathway in efferocytosis. Further analyses of the downstream mechanisms revealed an alteration in macrophage alternative polarization associated with mitochondrial metabolism reprogramming. Modulation of these pathways leads to a drop in Rac1 activity, thus explaining the efferocytosis defect. Therefore, our second study identifies myeloid cell glutaminolysis as an essential actor in atherosclerosis development
Leclercq, Yves. "Interactions transferrines macrophages : rôle des glycannes dans la reconnaissance par les récepteurs membranaires du macrophage péritonéal de souris." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10151.
Full textGraham, Susan. "Studies on the activation of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) macrophages and the characterization of a macrophage activating factor." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU498113.
Full textLeclercq, Yves. "Interactions transferrines macrophages rôle des glycannes dans la reconnaissance par les récepteurs membranaires du macrophage péritonéal de souris /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607185j.
Full textManriquez, Rojas Valeria. "Role of the innate immune response in vascular damage caused by Neisseria meningitidis infection Vascular colonization by Neisseria meningitidis triggers a delayed and inefficient neutrophil response Intermittent pili-mediated forces fluidize Neisseria meningitidis aggregates promoting vascular colonization Adhesion to nanofibers drives cell membrane remodeling through 1D wetting." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB076.
Full textNeisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative diplococcus responsible for meningitis and septic shock. While meningitidis is the most frequent form of infection, fulminant septicemia is responsible for 90% of the mortality imputable to N. meningitidis. Meningococcal sepsis is characterized by a purpuric rash due to vascular damages. Observations at the histological level reveal meningococci associated to endothelial cells, thrombosis, perivascular hemorrhage and inflammatory cells infiltrates. The mechanisms leading to this vascular damage and the reasons for which the innate immune system is unable to control the infection before reaching this pathological stage are unknown. In this doctoral work, we address these questions using a humanized skin xenograft mouse model of Neisseria meningitidis infection. We report that bacterial proliferation inside capillaries is rapid leading to vessel occlusion in less than 3 hours post-infection. In this context, perivascular macrophages play a role of sentinels as they efficiently phagocytose adhering intraluminal bacteria at early stages of infection and are essential to recruit neutrophils to the site of infection. Intravital imaging and neutrophils depletion experiments indicate that neutrophils play an important role in killing adherent bacterial through a reverse migration process and as a consequence decrease the vascular damages induced by the bacteria. Interestingly, detailed analysis of the kinetics of neutrophil recruitment show that while neutrophil numbers reach a peak between 16h and 24h post-infection in mice challenged by the intravascular route as during the natural infection, this takes only 3h when bacteria are injected intra-dermally. These results show that intraluminal detection of bacteria by perivascular macrophages eventually leads to neutrophil recruitment and vascular damage control but this perivascular macrophage-dependent response is initiated too late to be fully efficient
Afroun-Talantikite, Samia. "Activation des macrophages péritonéaux murins : modifications dans le profil de glycosylation des protéines, et dans l'activité bactéricide vis-à-vis du BCG." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112165.
Full textLévêque, Manuella. "Résolution de l'inflammation - infection dans les macrophages de patients atteints de mucoviscidose : impact de la membrane." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B041/document.
Full textMacrophages play a significant role in the initiating stages of immune responses regulating inflammation and clearance of the pathogens. In cystic fibrosis, inability of the macrophage to act as a suppressor cell leading to chronic inflammation/infection cannot be resolved. The aims of this work was to find new targets responsible for alterations in cystic fibrosis macrophages. Regarding inflammation, the soluble form of CD14 (sCD14), find overproduced by cystic fibrosis macrophages, is characterized to be a DAMP as it contributes for maintenance of inflammation in tissues. Regarding infection, the activity of TRPV2, involved in phagocytic capacity of macrophage, is impaired. In cystic fibrosis, inflammation and infection were closely linked to the alteration of the plasma membrane microstructures involved in the production of sCD14 and in the phagocytosis process. In conclusion, the alterations of macrophage weaken innate defense of cystic fibrosis patients and may be involved in cystic fibrosis disease progression and lung damage. Consequently, interventions aimed to reduce ongoing infection and destructive inflammatory response may be beneficial in order to preserve their lung function. In this way, therapeutic approaches aimed to correct cystic fibrosis macrophages dysfunctions might provide improved resolution of infection and inflammation
Willems, Jorine Joanna Lamberta Paulina. "Apoptosis-driven activation of macrophages by starry-sky B-cell lymphoma." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18738.
Full textGui, Philippe. "Caractérisation de la migration trans-tissulaire des macrophages." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2612/.
Full textThe infiltration of macrophages inside tumors is associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, the specific control of their trans-tissular migration represents an important therapeutic challenge. My thesis has consisted in identifying the mechanisms involved in this migration. Using approaches allowing the observation of the migration behavior of cells directly inside living tissues (intravital microscopy and ex vivo tissue explants), I show that macrophages adopt a distinct migration mode in vivo depending on the tissue. In a fibrosarcoma (dense tissue), they use a mesenchymal-like migration (protease-dependent), whereas in the healthy surrounding derma, they use an amoeboid-like migration (protease-independent). Moreover, I identified a protein, p27kip1, involved in mesenchymal migration. In conclusion, by showing that the mesenchymal migration of macrophages exists in vivo, particularly in tumors, it could become a promising therapeutic target
Nguyen, Deborah Lynn Greene. "The "ins and outs" of macrophage HIV infection how HIV interacts with and exploits te endosomal/exosomal pathway in macrophages /." Available to US Hopkins community, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3080731.
Full textStephens, Janet. "A study of biochemical and morphological aspects of macrophage function in experimental murine Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia brasiliensis infections." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27213.
Full textLisowski, Zofia Maria. "Targeting the macrophage in equine post-operative ileus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33191.
Full textEllouze, Mehdi. "Identification des mécanismes anti-inflammatoires de GILZ dans les monocytes/macrophages et de son potentiel thérapeutique dans le choc septique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS239/document.
Full textSepsis and septic shock, associated with a severe and uncontrolled systemic inflammation, are the main causes of death in intensive care units. Macrophages play a central role in these pathologies. They are involved in the initiation and regulation of inflammation. They recognize LPS from the bacterial cell wall via TLR4, which triggers the activation of MAPK signaling pathway and transcription factors such as NF-KB and AP1 and ultimately, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF and IL6. The expression of the protein GILZ in macrophages limits in vitro the production of IL6 and TNF in response to LPS. This effect is attributed to inactivation of NF-kB. Moreover, GILZ expression decreases in human and mouse macrophages exposed to LPS.Given the regulatory effects of GILZ in macrophages, the objectives of our study were 1) to determine whether GILZ expression is down-regulated in monocytes / macrophages (M/M) in the sepsis, 2) to determine whether the modulation of GILZ expression in M/M is sufficient to influence systemic inflammation, and 3) to identify GILZ mechanism of action in human M/M.GILZ expression was measured in the M/M of patients with septic shock or acute respiratory distress syndrome, and in a murine model of endotoxemia. We observed a significant reduced expression of GILZ in these pathological contexts in human and mice. The impact of this alteration was explored in unique transgenic mouse model in which macrophages stably overexpress GILZ (CD68-GILZ).We confirmed that GILZ overexpression limits TNF production and promotes IL-10 production in in vitro LPS-stimulated macrophages. We further studied the inflammatory response and survival of these mice in models of endotoxemia and septic shock. We showed that GILZ overexpression restricted to macrophages, limits serum pro-inflammatory cytokines production, therefore decreases systemic inflammation and significantly improves mice survival. These results highlight the effects of macrophage polarization by GILZ at a systemic level.This result confirmed the need to characterize GILZ interactome in human macrophages. Two complementary approaches have been used. The first one consists of a pan-genomic double hybrid screening of human GILZ partners. The second method consists of a tandem affinity purification (TAP-TAG) of GILZ protein and its associated partners, followed by the identification of these partners by mass spectrometry. Analyses have been performed independently on nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts from human macrophage cells, genetically engineered to express GILZ protein with the two tags required for purification. This dual approach led us to identify new direct and indirect interactions between GILZ and other key proteins of TLR4 signaling pathway in human macrophages and highlight a likely role of GILZ as a transcription regulatory factor.These results confirm the anti-inflammatory role of GILZ on systemic inflammation and enhancement of lifetime in murine models of endotoxemia and septic shock. Furthermore, this work identifies for the first time the cytoplasmic and nuclear GILZ partners in human macrophages and would allow in the future, a better understanding of GILZ mechanism of action
Chinnery, Holly Rose. "Dendritic cells and macrophages in the mammalian cornea : distribution, morphology, phenotype and their role in responding to microbial challenge." University of Western Australia. School of Anatomy and Human Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0217.
Full textLecointe, Didier. "Effets immunologiques du monoxyde d'azote : rôle du NO. dans la défense contre "Legionella pneumophila", étude chez la souris et chez l'homme." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P076.
Full textNabulsi, Maisa. "Role of DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a) in the adaptation of atherogenesis key players to proatherogenic environment." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066739/document.
Full textDNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3A) links environment to phenotypes via catalysis of CpG dinucleotides, notably found in genes promoter regions, methylation and whose hypomethylation is associated with gene transcriptional activation thus enabling the control of gene expression in physiologic and pathologic states. Most of our knowledge about its’ role in disease occurrence are based on articles demonstrating its’ implication in human cancers. Limited data from mouse studies illustrates its’ contribution to certain pathologies. Atherosclerosis constitutes the single most important contributor to the growing burden of cardiovascular disease. Risk factors contribute to disease occurrence, where most are related to environmental influences, notably Dyslipidaemia, a key initiator of atherosclerosis. Abundant data link hypercholesterolemia to atherogenesis, on the other hand, contribution of inflammatory mechanisms that couple dyslipidaemia to atheroma formation has been also appreciated. So far, a growing number of data suggests a role of Dnmt3a in atherosclerosis but to date, its role in cholesterol regulation and early plaque formation has not been clearly elucidated. Our results suggested that deletion of Dnmt3a in monocyte/macrophages does not affect the formation of early atherosclerostic plaque nor does it impact the polarization of macrophages in vitro. In parallel, we have also demonstrated that the deletion of Dnmt3a in hepatocytes leads to significant elevation in TC levels. We were not able to relate this elevation to dysregulation of major genes involved in Cholesterol regulation. On the other hand, we noticed activation of hepatic inflammatory responses
Marie-Anaïs, Florence. "Mécanismes de formation et de fermeture des phagosomes dans les macrophages." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB072/document.
Full textPhagocytosis is an important cellular mechanism. It plays a role in both the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and in the immune system. This process, performed by phagocytic cells, including dendritic cells, polymorphonuclear neutrophils or macrophages, enables daily ingestion and elimination of large particles (> 0.5 microns) e.g. bacteria, fungi or cellular debris. It is induced by many phagocytic receptors such as the receptors for crystallizable fragments of immunoglobulins (FcR) and complement receptor (CR3). These receptors induce different signaling cascades but ultimately lead to a remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane. Next there is the formation of a phagocytic cup which surrounds and encloses the ingested particle in a closed compartment called the phagosome. While many studies have dissected the phagocytic cup organization induced by the FcR, the mechanism of phagosome closure was not understood. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms involved in phagosome formation following CR3 engagement are less well described. In this work, we analyzed the role of dynamin 2, a GTPase involved in fission mechanisms of endocytosis vesicles, and in the formation and closure of phagosomes. We used an original experimental system using the total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) to show that dynamin 2 is recruited with actin during phagocytic cup formation and accumulates at the site of phagosome closure in living macrophages. The inhibition of its GTPase activity induced an inhibition of phagocytosis and a defect in actin dynamics during pseudopod extension. Surprisingly, the depolymerization of actin lead to a defective recruitment of dynamin 2 at the phagocytic site showing there is a cross-regulation between dynamin 2 and actin. Finally, this study showed that dynamin 2 plays a critical role in the scission of the phagosome. Secondly, we initiated the study of the mechanisms involved in regulating the activity of the complement receptor CR3. Enabling this phagocytic receptor, part of the integrin family, requires anchoring actin which is necessary for signaling to the actin polymerization and the formation of phagocytic cups. All these results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in phagocytosis purposes
Reichard, Adam Craig. "The Effects of HSV-1 Challenge on Polarized Murine Macrophages: an In Vitro Model Using the J774A.1 Murine Macrophage Cell Line." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1343411395.
Full textHolmes, Benjamin A. "The Construction of a Plasmid for Detecting the Pathway of Arginine Metabolism in Human Macrophages: a Real-Time Assessment of Macrophage Polarity." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1348874681.
Full textEmre, Yalin. "Influence de la protéine découplante mitochondriale UCP2 sur la signalisation et le métabolisme des macrophages." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00182672.
Full textAu cours de ma thèse, nous avons cherché à approfondir les connaissances sur le rôle physiologique d'UCP2 ainsi que sur son activité biochimique.
Nous avons démontré que la diminution rapide d'UCP2 en réponse au LPS potentialise l'activation des MAPK dans les macrophages. La mitochondrie via UCP2 est ainsi au coeur d'une boucle d'amplification du signal impliquant la modulation des ROS mitochondriaux. Par conséquent, la signalisation et la vitesse d'activation des macrophages Ucp2-KO est accélérée, conduisant à une production accrue de NO et de cytokines.
La pertinance de ces résultats a ensuite été testée in vivo avec un volet infection et un volet auto-immunité. L'infection des souris par la bactérie Listeria monocytogenes a révélé une meilleure résistance des souris Ucp2-KO. Une production accrue de cytokines pro-inflammatoires chez les souris Ucp2-KO ainsi qu'un recrutement plus important de phagocytes au niveau de leur rate soulignent le rôle régulateur d'UCP2 sur l'immunité innée. En ce qui concerne, l'auto-immunité, l'induction expérimentale d'un diabète de type 1 est nettement accélérée chez les souris Ucp2-KO. L'analyse de ces souris montrent un rôle capital des macrophages dans le développement de la maladie grâce à leur forte capacité de production de cytokines et de NO.
L'activité biochimique d'UCP2, c'est-à-dire son activité de transport, a également été abordée. La glutamine est un inducteur spécifique de l'expression d'UCP2. Par conséquent, la comparaison du métabolisme de la glutamine dans les macrophages Ucp2-KO et Ucp2-WT a démontré que l'expression d'UCP2 est requise pour une oxydation correcte de la glutamine.
Enfin, grâce à la disponibilité de génomes complets de nombreuses espèces, l'étude phylogénomique des UCP a permis de tracer une histoire de l'évolution des UCP de mammifères et aviaire.
Nos études ont mis en évidence la participation d'UCP2 au métabolisme des macrophages. L'altération de celui-ci influe sur la signalisation et l'activité des cellules. Une meilleure compréhension de la fonction d'UCP2 et du métabolisme des cellules immunitaires pourrait ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques.
Cozon, Grégoire. "Activation macrophagique et infection lentivirale dans le modèle du virus Visna-Maedi." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1H007.
Full textLastrucci, Claire. "Polarisation et rôle des macrophages dans des contextes inflammatoires aigus et chroniques." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2571/.
Full textInnate immune cells are involved in different processes such as the initiation of an inflammatory response and the resolution of inflammation mechanisms. The first part of my work characterized, in a model of acute peritonitis induced by thioglycolate, the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved during the resolutive processes both in the peritoneal cavity and in the omentum. The second part of my work aimed at studying the immune mechanisms involved during tuberculosis. I showed that M. Tuberculosis is able to remotely modulate the phenotype and the function of monocytes, towards an immune-regulatory phenotype. This would allow the bacterium to recruit to the infectious site immune cells less competent to control the infection in order to promote its own fitness. Together these results provide new insights for the understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms in acute and chronic contexts
Queraux, François-Yves. "Syndrome d'activation macrophagique avec hemophagocytose : à propos de trois observations." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M024.
Full textSoe-Lin, Shan. "Macrophage iron recycling." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66717.
Full textLa majorité du fer dans le corps humain est contenu dans la masse de globule rouge, en tant que composante de l'hémoglobine. Les GR deviennent plus endommagés et moins déformables en vieillissant, et à la fin de leurs durée de vie de 120 jours, les GR sénescents sont ingurgités par les macrophages du système réticuloendothélial du foie et de rate. Ces macrophages spécialisés ingèrent 2 millions de GR∕sec, catabolisent l'hémoglobine et relâche le fer qui y est contenu à la transferrine plasmatique pour permettre son réincorporation dans de nouveau GR dans la moelle épinière. C'est remarquable comment les macrophages réticuloendothéliaux gèrent de manière sécuritaire l'énorme quantité de fer qui serait sinon toxique pour les autres cellules. Dans mes recherches, j'ai examiné les aspects spécifiques du métabolisme du fer dans ces macrophages spécialisés dans sa manutention.La protéine associée à la résistance naturelle du macrophage (Nramp1) est un transporteur de métaux divalents exprimé seulement dans les phagosomes de cellules phagocytiques telle que les macrophages et les neutrophiles. Nramp1 a depuis été reconnu comme le gène responsable de conférer à l'hôte la résistance contre les pathogènes intracellulaires. Nramp 1 est présumé donner une protection en vidant le phagosome de métaux divalents nécessaires à la croissance de pathogènes.Au cours des recherches nous avons trouvé qu'en plus de jouer un rôle significatif dans la résistance de l'hôte, Nramp1 est aussi important pour la régularisation de l'homéostasie du fer. Nous avons remarqué que les macrophages sans Nramp1 sont incapables de recycler le fer (après l'erythrophagocytose in vitro) de manière aussi efficace que les macrophages qui ont le Nramp1 fonctionnel. On a ensuite observé les souris knockout et trouvé que les animaux sans Nramp1 ont une surdose progressive de fer en vieil
Peyvandi, Sanam. "Les cellules Myéloïdes Dans le Microenvironnement Tumoral : Rôle de FasL." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968103.
Full textDelfini, Marcello. "Jun regulates monocyte-derived macrophage accumulation and tumour progression." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0076.
Full textMacrophages are immune cells present in every organ. Given their variety of functions, macrophages are therapeutic targets in many diseases including cancer. Despite the research efforts to characterise their origins, the molecular mechanisms regulating macrophage differentiation are still poorly defined. Expression of the AP-1 factor, Jun, increases during differentiation, but its role in macrophage development is not known.During my PhD, we characterised how Jun affects macrophage development and homeostasis. We developed a conditional mouse model in which Jun is deficient in the myeloid lineage (JunΔCsf1r). We showed that Jun controls CSF1-mediated monocyte to macrophage differentiation, proliferation and survival. In vivo, Jun loss limits macrophage accumulation in lungs and intestine. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play critical roles in cancer progression. We observed that Jun deficiency dampens melanoma growth and the differentiation of CSF1-dependent monocyte-derived TAMs. We further showed that Jun-dependent TAMs mediate vessel normalisation in melanoma. During inflammation, Jun was dispensable for the recruitment of monocyte-derived inflammatory macrophages.Altogether, our results identify Jun as a master regulator of macrophage differentiation, without altering monocyte effector functions. In a melanoma model, we showed that Jun-dependent TAMs play tumour-promoting roles. Therefore, Jun is a selective regulator of CSF-1-dependent macrophage development, which is redundant during inflammation; this observation should help to define novel approaches to selectively target macrophage differentiation, without altering monocyte-dependent immune responses
Omarjee, Sulliman Ommar Ismael. "Identification and functional characterization of LACC1 in familial forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN053.
Full textPediatric-onset inflammatory diseases arise from deregulated, uncontrolled and exacerbated immune responses. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is one of the most frequent and is associated to chronic inflammation of the joints. The causes of JIA are multifactorial and poorly understood. Familial and very early-onset cases are rare and suggest genetic inheritance of the disease. Next generation sequencing combined with advanced bioinformatics enable us to identify rare variants predicted to be highly pathogenic. We identified 3 families with JIA patients carrying homozygous mutations in the gene encoding for LACC1. In the literature, there exist conflicting data on LACC1 and its role in inflammatory diseases. In order to dissect the role of LACC1, we developed several translational tolls based on both human and mice models. Using primary human cells, we showed that the specific expression of LACC1 is stimulated by M-CSF via the mTOR pathway during monocyte-macrophage differentiation. In patient’s macrophages, mutations in LACC1 gene led to loss of expression in macrophages implying the loss of function of LACC1 contributes to the development of JIA. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time that LACC1 promotes autophagy flux and impact on lipid droplet levels which fed mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, we showed that synovial fluid, a major component of joints, reduced autophagy flux of LACC1-defieinct macrophages and mitochondrial respiration. Moreover, this microenviroment potentializes the inflammatory character of LACC1-deficient macrophages. These evidences suggest that autophagy homeostasis is crucial in the context of LACC1 deficiency in which the synovial microenvironment favors inflammation mediated by macrophages. Autophagy-modulating drugs could represent a potential therapeutic option in LACC1 deficiency
Dupont, Maeva. "Identification of novel factors involved in the exacerbation of HIV-1 infection and spread among macrophages in the tuberculosis context." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30211.
Full textMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacteria causing tuberculosis (TB), and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), act in synergy to exacerbate the progression of each other in co-infected patients. While clinical evidence reveals a frequent increase of the viral load at co-infected anatomical sites, the mechanisms explaining how Mtb favours HIV-1 progression remain insufficiently understood. Macrophages are the main target for Mtb. Their infection by the bacilli likely shapes the microenvironment that favours HIV-1 infection and replication at sites of co-infection. To address this issue, I took advantage of an in vitro model mimicking the TB-associated microenvironment (cmMTB, "conditioned media of Mtb-infected macrophages") previously established in the laboratory; a model that renders macrophages susceptible to intracellular pathogens like Mtb. Upon joining the team, I participated in the study on how Mtb exacerbates HIV-1 replication in macrophages, using this model. We found that cmMTB-treated macrophages (M(cmMTB)) have an enhanced ability to form intercellular membrane bridges called tunneling nanotubes (TNT), which increase the capacity of the virus to transfer from one macrophage to another, leading to the exacerbation of HIV-1 production and spread. The principal objective of my PhD thesis was to identify novel factors that are involved in the exacerbation of HIV-1 replication in macrophages in the context of tuberculosis. To this end, a transcriptomic analysis of M(cmMTB) was conducted, and revealed two key factors: the Siglec-1 receptor and type I interferon (IFN-I)/STAT1 signaling. The first part of my PhD thesis dealt with the characterization of Siglec-1 as a novel factor involved in the synergy between Mtb and HIV-1 in macrophages. First, I demonstrated that its increased expression in M(cmMTB) was dependent on IFN-I. Second, in Mtb and simian immunodeficiency virus co-infected non-human primates, I established a positive correlation between the abundance of Siglec-1+ alveolar macrophages and the pathology, associated with the activation of the IFN-I/STAT-1 pathway. [...]
Sobhani, Kimia. "Proteomic analysis of macrophage proinflammatory programmed cell death and macrophage activation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8688.
Full textDubois, Violaine. "Adaptations comparées de Mycobacterium abscessus à la phagocytose amibienne et macrophagique : recherche de gènes de virulence par des approches globales." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV064/document.
Full textMycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacterium, causing opportunistic infections in humans, and notably pulmonary infections. M. abscessus is able to multiply inside macrophages (MФ) and environmental amoebae. Here we demonstrate that M. abscessus undergoes adaptations in amoebae allowing its survival in MФ. Intracellular adaptations of M. abscessus to amoebae and MФ were assessed by RNAseq. We observed a significant enrichment of biological pathways reflecting adaptations to oxidative stress and metabolic adaptations illustrated by the consumption of fatty acids and activation of the sulfate assimilation pathway. These adaptations have been described in intramacrophagic Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a strictly pathogenic mycobacteria infecting the lung of humans and causing tuberculosis. Among the set of genes induced by M. abscessus during the amoebal co-culture are genes implicated in polyamine transport, MoCo (molybdopterin cofactor) biosynthesis and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly. The induction of such genes, described as virulence factors from intracellular bacteria, might enhance M. abscessus virulence and thus allow its survival in MФ. Forty-five genes are highly induced along the amoebal co-culture. In comparison, the amoebal co-culture with Mycobacterium chelonae, a mycobacterium that belongs to the same genomic complex as M. abscessus and causing solely extrapulmonary infections, does not elicit the same adaptations; potentially explaining M. chelonae inability to persist in macrophages. Five operons, representing a total of 10 genes, were deleted from M. abscessus genome by homologous recombineering. These genes are required for both M. abscessus survival in amoebae and MФ. Overexpression of two of these genes in M. chelonae, MAB_1517c and MAB_2649, encoding a TcmP (tetracenomycin polyketide synthesis O-methyltransferase) protein and an MmpS (mycobacterial membrane protein small) protein respectively, enhances M. chelonae survival in MФ, suggesting that the induction of these genes favors M. abscessus survival in MФ. Analyses of M. abscessus transcriptome in MФ also shed light on adaptations specific to the bacterium intramacrophagic life. Several genes highly induced in macrophages are implicated in biological pathways known to contribute to bacteria virulence, including proline metabolism, protein secretion by the type II secretion system and the MEP (methylerythritol phosphate) pathway. Among the set of induced genes selected according to their level of induction and their biological activity, N-acetylation and redox activities, bounding to oxygen and detoxification from nitric oxide by dioxygenases are significantly enriched. Among operons from this set of genes, it appears that M. abscessus eis2 gene (MAB_4542c), encoding a N-acetyltransferase, is essential for M. abscessus survival in MФ.In addition, a complementary approach to RNAseq, the screening of a transposon (Tn) mutant library of M. abscessus inside amoebae, revealed important roles of the mmpL8 gene encoding a mycobacterial membrane protein large belonging to a family of proteins implicated in lipid biosynthesis and export to the cell surface. When this protein was no longer produced by M. abscessus, a lower amount of a new glycolipd family (GDND, glycosyl diacetylated nonadecyl diol) was observed as well as a deleterious phenotype in MФ.To conclude, our work has shown a fundamental role of amoebae in triggering the virulence of M. abscessus, further allowing its survival in macrophages. Besides, three genes that have been studied more extensively – mmpL8, eis2 and eccB4 (revealed by the Tn library screening) – are required for M. abscessus survival in macrophages and confirmed its pathogenic behavior
McKinley, Gavin. "The innate immune response of Atlantic salmon head kidney macrophages to Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/243.
Full textHiltenbrand, Patrick. "Histiocytose et hémophagocytose médullaire : étude comparative de la cytologie et de l'immunomarquage." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P074.
Full text