Relevant bibliographies by topics / Macronutrient

Academic literature on the topic 'Macronutrient'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Macronutrient"

Grunwald, Gary K., Helen M. Seagle, John C. Peters, and James O. Hill. "Quantifying and separating the effects of macronutrient composition and non-macronutrients on energy density." British Journal of Nutrition 86, no. 2 (August 2001): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2001404.

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The purpose of the present study was to estimate and compare the effects of macronutrient composition (relative portions of macronutrients) and of non-macronutrient components (e.g. water and fibre) on energy density (energy per unit weight) of the diets of human subjects. We used standard macronutrient energy content values to develop a simple conceptual model and equation for energy density in terms of % energy from dietary fat and % non-macronutrients by weight. To study these effects in self-selected diets of free-living subjects, we used four consecutive days of self-weighed and recorded food records for thirty-two male and thirteen female free-living adult subjects. In the range of typical human diets, the effect of % non-macronutrients by weight was several times greater than that of % energy from dietary fat, both in absolute terms and relative to daily variation in subjects' diets. Both effects were large enough to be physiologically important. Non-macronutrients (% by weight) alone explained much more of the variation in self-selected dietary energy density either between subjects (R2 95 %) or day-to-day (R2 95 %) than did % energy from dietary fat (R2 5 % and 6 % respectively). Omitting beverages gave similar results. The smaller effect of macronutrient composition on energy density of diets is mainly because alterations in macronutrient composition affect only the portion of typical dietary intake that is macronutrients (one-quarter to one-third of weight). Mathematical methods are also useful in analysing observational data and for separating effects of macronutrient composition and non-macronutrients in intervention studies. These results illustrate the importance of considering non-macronutrients in the design and analysis of experimental or observational dietary data.

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Qu, Mingkai, Weidong Li, and Chuanrong Zhang. "County-Scale Spatial Variability of Macronutrient Availability Ratios in Paddy Soils." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/689482.

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Macronutrients (N, P, and K) are essential to plants but also can be harmful to the environment when their available concentrations in soil are excessive. Availability ratios (available concentration/total concentration) of macronutrients may reflect their transforming potential between fixed and available forms in soil. Understanding their spatial distributions and impact factors can be, therefore, helpful to applying specific measures to modify the availability of macronutrients for agricultural and environmental management purposes. In this study, 636 topsoil samples (0–15 cm) were collected from paddy fields in Shayang County, Central China, for measuring soil properties. Factors influencing macronutrient availability ratios were investigated, and total and available concentrations of macronutrients were mapped using geostatistical method. Spatial distribution maps of macronutrient availability ratios were further derived. Results show that (1) availability of macronutrients is controlled by multiple factors, and (2) macronutrient availability ratios are spatially varied and may not always have spatial patterns identical to those of their corresponding total and available concentrations. These results are more useful than traditional soil macronutrient average content data for guiding site-specific field management for agricultural production and environmental protection.

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Trinh, Huong Thi, Joanna Morais, Christine Thomas-Agnan, and Michel Simioni. "Relations between socio-economic factors and nutritional diet in Vietnam from 2004 to 2014: New insights using compositional data analysis." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 28, no. 8 (April 23, 2018): 2305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280218770223.

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This paper contributes to the analysis of the impact of socioeconomic factors, like food expenditure level and urbanization, on diet patterns in Vietnam, from 2004 to 2014. Contrary to the existing literature, we focus on the diet balance in terms of macronutrients consumption (protein, fat and carbohydrate) and we take into account the fact that the volumes of macronutrients are not independent. In other words, we are interested in the shares of each macronutrient in the total calorie intake. We use compositional data analysis (CODA), adapted to deal with the relative information contained in shares, to describe the evolution of diet patterns over time, and to model the impact of household characteristics on the macronutrient shares vector. We compute food expenditure elasticities of macronutrient shares, and we compare them to classical elasticities for macronutrient volumes and total calorie intake. The compositional model highlights the important role of many factors in the determination of diet choices and we will focus mainly on the role of food expenditure. Our results are consistent with the rest of the literature, but they have the advantage to highlight the substitution effects between macronutrients in the context of nutrition transition.

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Kelly, Owen, Jennifer Gilman, and Jasminka Ilich. "Utilizing Dietary Nutrient Ratios in Nutritional Research: Expanding the Concept of Nutrient Ratios to Macronutrients." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020282.

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We recently showed that using micronutrient ratios in nutritional research might provide more insights into how diet affects metabolism and health outcomes, based on the notion that nutrients, unlike drugs, are not consumed one at a time and do not target a single metabolic pathway. In this paper, we present a concept of macronutrient ratios, including intra- and inter-macronutrient ratios. Macronutrient intakes from food only, from the What We Eat in America website (summarized National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data) were transposed into Microsoft Excel to generate ratios. Overall, the dietary ratios of macronutrients may be more revealing and useful in epidemiology and in basic nutritional research than focusing on individual protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes. While macronutrient ratios may be applied to all types of nutritional research, nutritional epidemiology, and, ultimately, dietary guidelines, the methodology required has not been established yet. In the meantime, intra- and inter-macronutrient ratios may serve as a measure of individual and total macronutrient quality.

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Bardule, Arta, Inga Grinfelde, Dagnija Lazdina, Andis Bardulis, and Toms Sarkanabols. "Macronutrient leaching in a fertilized juvenile hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) plantation cultivated in an agroforestry system in Latvia." Hydrology Research 49, no. 2 (September 27, 2017): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2017.054.

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Abstract Leaching of macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from soils is of particular interest in the Baltic Sea region because of its adverse effects on water quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate macronutrient leaching in a juvenile hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) plantation cultivated in an agroforestry system and fertilized with biogas production residues, wastewater sludge and wood ash in hemi-boreal climate conditions. Analysis of macronutrient concentrations in the soil solution showed that annual macronutrient leaching decreased over time after the establishment of the plantation and application of fertilizers. Moreover, macronutrient leaching was affected not only by meteorological conditions, but also by the type of fertilizer used. During the five years after establishment of the plantation, nitrate-nitrogen leaching decreased up to 99.6%, phosphate-phosphorus leaching decreased up to 97.1%, but potassium ions leaching decreased up to 76.5%. Nevertheless, juvenile hybrid aspen plantations cultivated in an agroforestry system remain an important part in mitigation of leaching of macronutrients from agricultural lands in the Baltic Sea region.

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Almeida, Brígida Resende, Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci, Alexandre Alves de Carvalho, Heitor Luiz Heiderich Roza, Felipe Campos Figueiredo, and José Eduardo Brasil Pereira Pinto. "Macronutrient Omission Changes Lippia gracilis Schauer, a Threatened Medicinal Plant, Growth and Volatile Chemical Composition." HortScience 53, no. 12 (December 2018): 1877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13492-18.

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The effect of macronutrient omission on the growth and volatile chemical composition of Lippia gracilis was evaluated. The “minus one element” technique was employed by using a complete (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950) nutrient solution and solutions with macronutrient omission for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S. Macronutrient deficiency significantly influenced L. gracilis growth and volatile chemical composition. Leaf dry weight decreased in order of importance of the macronutrients as follows: Ca = K = N > P > Mg > S. The amount and composition of volatile compounds varied according to macronutrient omission. The major constituents were characterized by p-cymene (ranging from not detected to 43.41%), thymol (3.86% to 7.95%), carvacrol (44.09% to 76.69%), and caryophyllene (0.52% to 6.00%), the contents of which were dependent on the omitted macronutrient. Lack of Ca, Mg, and S increased the contents of cymene and decreased the thymol and carvacrol compared with control. Complete solution and N, P, and K omission retained the same thymol and carvacrol content. In summary, macronutrient availability effectively controlled plant growth and volatile chemical composition of L. gracilis.

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Northup, Brian K., Patrick J. Starks, and Kenneth E. Turner. "Soil Macronutrient Responses in Diverse Landscapes of Southern Tallgrass to Two Stocking Methods." Agronomy 9, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060329.

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Macronutrient (N, P, S, K, Ca, and Mg) availability and distribution in soils of grassland ecosystems are affected by diverse factors, including landscape position, climate, and forms of management. This study examined flux in plant-available macronutrients in production-scale (60 to 80 ha) paddocks of southern tallgrass prairie of central Oklahoma, United States, managed (2009–15) under two contrasting stocking methods (continuous yearlong; rotational stocking among 10 sub-paddocks). Macronutrient availability within the 0–7.5 cm and 7.5–15 cm soil depths were determined with sets of anion-cation exchange membrane probes at 16 locations within paddocks, oriented along transects from water sources to far corners. No clear overall effect related to stocking method was recorded for all macronutrient distributions. The only significant stocking method × location interaction occurred for K (p = 0.01). All other macronutrients displayed significant (p < 0.08) location effects that were common across stocking methods. Effects relatable to stocking method occurred in interactions with soil depth or time of year (p < 0.10), but responses of macronutrient flux to stocking method in these interactions varied. Higher flux occurred in available S, Ca, and Mg in proximity (<24 m) to water sources, which may be related to grazing, but local features of the landscape may also have been involved. More attention to landscape features included within paddocks, and standardized organization of water and other features within paddocks, would improve the potential to define grazing effects on macronutrient distribution.

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Johnson, Marney C., Lauryn A. Winte, Diana G. Anzueto Guerra, Rachel Jacob, Donald C. McCurnin, Donald C. McCurnin, Cynthia L. Blanco, and Cynthia L. Blanco. "Nutritional Impact of Storage Containers on Macronutrient Integrity of Breastmilk." Journal of Breastfeeding Biology 1, no. 1 (April 9, 2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2644-0105.jbfb-19-2681.

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This study compared the effect of container material type on macronutrient changes in human breast milk (HBM) during frozen storage. HBM was collected from breastfeeding mothers and baseline macronutrients were analyzed and recorded. The HBM was aliquoted into milk storage containers of five commonly used materials (low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), glass, stainless steel, and silicone). The samples were frozen in a standard freezer (-20°F) for 30, 60, and 180 days prior to thawing and retesting macronutrient values. In the 155 samples analyzed, macronutrient changes among different types of storage materials were insignificant at 30 and 60 days of frozen storage. When comparing macronutrients at baseline to 180 days, there was a significant decrease in protein value over time in LDPE containers as compared to silicone containers (p=0.001). Likewise, there was a significant decrease in total calories from baseline to 180 days in both PP and LDPE containers compared to silicone (p=0.046 and 0.013, respectively). While not significant for short-term storage, HBM has losses of macronutrients (protein) with long-term storage in LDPE and PP plastics. These differences could have major nutritional impact on growth, particularly to infants born prematurely.

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White, M. D., G. Bouchard, B. Buemann, N. Almeras, J. P. Despres, C. Bouchard, and A. Tremblay. "Reproducibility of 24-h energy expenditure and macronutrient oxidation rates in an indirect calorimeter." Journal of Applied Physiology 80, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.80.1.133.

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The maintenance of weight and adipose tissue mass in humans appears to be related to a balance between the rates of oxidation and consumption of macronutrients; yet, little evidence is available on the reproducibility of 24-h macronutrient oxidation rates and how this relates to diet in the days preceding a chamber session. This study examined the reproducibility of 24-h macronutrient oxidation rates, 24-h energy expenditure (EE), and respiratory quotient (RQ) in 30 adults who ate their habitual diets before two 24-h whole body indirect calorimeter sessions. Results showed that the within-subject coefficients of variation (CVws) for 24-h EE and RQ were 2.8 and 2.6%, respectively. CVws for macronutrient oxidations ranged from approximately 15 to 25%. Means comparisons of 24-h EE, RQ, and macronutrient oxidation rates between sessions showed no significant differences, and all variables had significant positive intraclass correlation coefficients (P < 0.05). In conclusion, macronutrient oxidations all showed significant reproducibility for the group and a significant but lower reproducibility for individuals when habitual diet and activity preceded the experimental sessions.

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Sung, Ki-Chul, Eunju Sung, Christopher D. Byrne, Yong Bum Kim, Chul Woo Ahn, and Hye-Kyung Chung. "Composition of Dietary Macronutrient Intake Is Not Associated with Prevalence of Coronary Artery Calcification in Healthy Korean Adults." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 66, no. 1 (December 13, 2014): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000369563.

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Background and Aims: There is little information supporting the relationships between macronutrients and pre-clinical atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to identify whether dietary macronutrient content is related with CAC. Methods: 10,793 healthy Korean adults in a cohort were enrolled. Subjects were divided into CAC (CAC score >0) or non-CAC group (CAC score = 0). Intake of energy, carbohydrate (CHO), protein and fat were obtained using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Macronutrient composition was expressed as the ratio of energy from each macronutrient to total energy. Subjects were classified into three groups according to tertiles of intake for each macronutrient. To investigate the association between macronutrient intake and CAC, multiple regression analysis was conducted according to tertile groups of each macronutrient. Results: The prevalence of CAC significantly differed among tertile groups of CHO and fat intake in men (p < 0.001, p < 0.01) and women (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). However, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratios (ORs) for CAC were not significantly different among tertile groups of each macronutrient intake after adjustment in men (CHO: OR = 0.965 [95% CI = 0.826-1.129]; protein: OR = 1.029 [95% CI = 0.881-1.201]; fat: OR = 1.015 [95% CI = 0.868-1.188]) and women (CHO: OR = 1.158 [95% CI = 0.550-2.438]; protein: OR = 1.261 [95% CI = 0.629-2.528]; fat: OR = 0.625 [95% CI = 0.286-1.365]). Conclusions: The prevalence of CAC may not be associated with composition of dietary macronutrient intake in in healthy Korean adults. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Macronutrient"

Chater, Peter. "Bioactive alginates and macronutrient digestion." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2460.

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Macronutrient digestion is a major factor in health and metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes and presents a huge global challenge. Modulating macronutrient digestion with food additives and pharmaceuticals has been shown to be a fruitful approach to the treatment of obesity (Orlistat) and diabetes (Acarbose). Previous work has shown that bioactive agents have novel modulatory effects on the major enzymes of digestion, and work in this lab has shown that specific alginates can inhibit pancreatic lipase up to 70%. Alginates are now being investigated as a potential anti-obesity agent. The purpose of this thesis was to develop in vitro methodologies and an analytical approach for investigating the effects of exogenous compounds on the major digestive enzymes; -amylase, pepsin, trypsin, and lipase. A 3-step process was developed consisting of; higher-throughput single enzyme analysis, selected enzyme kinetics and model gut analysis. Alginates were shown to inhibit the action of pepsin, but have no effect on trypsin activity in vitro. The structure of alginate is key to the inhibition of pepsin, and rheological and viscometric data suggested that this effect was due to a pH dependent interaction between alginate and protein substrate as well as direct enzyme-inhibitor interactions. A similar effect was observed with Fucoidan and sulphated carrageenans. In the model gut analysis, these effects manifested as inhibition of proteolysis in the simulated gastric phase, but not in the small-intestinal phase. Alginates were shown to increase the activity of α-amylase during in vitro single enzyme analysis, but have no significant affect on carbohydrate digestion in a model gut simulation. Fat digestion in the model gut simulation was inhibited by specific alginates, adding further weight to the potential use of alginates as a therapeutic treatment of obesity.

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Passos, Tiago Uchoa. "Biological Response to Ocean Macronutrient Fertilisation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18381.

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The aim of this study was to examine biological response to ocean macronutrient fertilisation on the oligotrophic waters offshore Sydney, Australia. This research investigates nutrient uptake, phytoplankton biomass growth, microzooplankton grazing and zooplankton and bacteria changes. After inoculating the sample with macronutrients there was a period of latency followed by rapid growth of phytoplankton until a maximum concentration was reached and subsequently decreased to a value similar to the initial concentration. Once the maximum concentration of phytoplankton decreased to a value similar to the initial concentration, another fertilisation (re-fertilisation) was conducted using the same seawater samples and the same concentration of macronutrients N & P. Results indicate that macronutrients N & P were initially limiting phytoplankton growth. The phytoplankton concentration maximum varied from 4 µg/l to 20 µg/l when add to an initial concentration of nutrients of 16 µmol N and 1 µmol P, while microzooplankton grazing varied from 30% to 77% of the total growth of phytoplankton biomass. It was observed that high phytoplankton concentration (20 µg/l) occurred where there was low grazing pressure (33 %) whereas low phytoplankton concentration (5.5 µg/l) occurred where there was high grazing pressure (71%). This suggests that phytoplankton concentration maximum was limited by microzooplankton grazing pressure rather than only macronutrient availability. The initial predominant zooplankton taxon group found in the samples are copepod cyclopod and calanoid. The species distribution was weakly affected by fertilisation and re-fertilisation. DNA sequencing results show that the initial predominant marine bacteria found in the samples are prochlorococcus and the total number of bacteria has doubled after fertilisation but remained similar after re-fertilisation. No remineralisation of particulate matter was observed after the macronutrients were exhausted.

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Podlesak, David William. "Metabolic routing of macronutrients in migratory songbirds : effects of diet quality and macronutrient composition revealed using stable isotopes /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3160036.

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Sunny, Nishanth E. "Integrating macronutrient metabolism In developing chicken embryos." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7842.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Animal and Avian Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Kaplan, Randall Jeffrey. "Influence of dietary saturated fat on macronutrient selection." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28790.pdf.

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Jalihal, Amogh Prabhav. "Mathematical modeling of macronutrient signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99306.

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In eukaryotes, distinct nutrient signals are integrated in order to produce robust cellular responses to fluctuations in the environment. This process of signal integration is attributed to the crosstalk between nutrient specific signaling pathways, as well as the large degree of overlap between their regulatory targets. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, these distinct pathways have been well characterized. However, the significant overlap between these pathways confounds the interpretation of the overall regulatory logic in terms of nutrient-dependent cell state determination. Here, we propose a literature-curated molecular mechanism of the integrated nutrient signaling pathway in budding yeast, focussing on carbon and nitrogen signaling. We build a computational model of this pathway to reconcile the available experimental data with our proposed molecular mechanism. We evaluate the robustness of the model fit to data with respect to the variations in the values of kinetic parameters used to calibrate the model. Finally, we use the model to make novel, experimentally testable predictions of transcription factor activities in mutant strains undergoing complex nutrient shifts. We also propose a novel framework, called BoolODE for utilizing published Boolean models to generate synthetic datasets used to benchmark the performance of algorithms performing gene regulatory network inference from single cell RNA sequencing data.
Doctor of Philosophy
An important problem in biology is how organisms sense and adapt to ever changing environments. A good example of an environmental cue that affects animal behavior is the availability of food; scarcity of food forces animals to search for food-rich habitats, or go into hibernation. At the level of single cells, a range of behaviors are observed depending on the amount of food, or nutrients present in the environment. Moreover, different types of nutrients are important for different biological functions in single cells, and each different nutrient type will have to be available in the right quantities to support cellular growth. At the subcellular level, intricate molecular machineries exist which sense the amounts of each nutrient type, and interpret this information in order to make a decision on how best to respond. This interpretation and integration of nutrient information is a complex, poorly understood process even in a simple unicellular organism like the budding yeast. In order to understand this process, termed nutrient signaling, we propose a mathematical model of how yeasts respond to nutrient availability in the environment. Our model advances the state of knowledge by presenting the first comprehensive mathematical model of the nutrient signaling machinery, accounting for a variety of experimental observations from the last three decades of yeast nutrient signaling. We use our model to make predictions on how yeasts might behave when supplied with different combinations of nutrients, which can be verified by experiments. Finally, the cellular machinery that helps yeasts respond to nutrient availability in the environment is very similar to the machinery in cancer cells that causes them to grow rapidly. Our proposed model can serve as a stepping stone towards the construction of a model of cancer's responses to its nutritional environment.

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Stroster, John A. "Meta-Analytic Assessment of Blood Lipid Response to Dietary Manipulation of Macronutrient Distribution." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293605.

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Incorporating the best findings from current, high-quality research into routine clinical practice is the basis of evidence-based care. Chapter 1: "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Evidence-Based Care" is a review of the systematic review process, including meta-analysis, aimed at clinical professionals with limited statistical training. It advocates the use of the systematic review process, outlines some general techniques, and provides selected resources where individuals can acquire additional assistance. The typical steps involved include: formulating a clear research question, defining inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracting the data and assessing the study quality, summarizing and synthesizing the evidence, and then interpreting the findings. When effort is made to minimize bias and locate as many articles on a particular topic as possible, systematic reviews and meta-analyses can produce invaluable findings for evidence-based care. Chapter 2: "The Effect of Macronutrient Distribution on the Lipid Profile in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" describes a systematic review and meta-analysis that examined the impact total macronutrients had on blood lipid levels. This chapter builds upon the concepts introduced in chapter one, and assesses the effect of manipulating macronutrient distribution on the lipid profile of adults, and compares these effects to recommendations regarding macronutrients, such as the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs). Suggestions related to improving the quality of meta-analyses are also outlined, and supplemental analyses are provided at the end of the dissertation.

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Afaghi, Ahmad. "Studies Investigating the Influence of Macronutrient Intake on Sleep." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2257.

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Several studies have documented the direct effect of macronutrient intake on sleep. A general picture that has emerged indicates that a low carbohydrate diet with a total energy between 13-47% and high fat content with a total energy between 47-77% shows increases in slow wave sleep and may decrease rapid-eye movement sleep. However, previous studies investigating the association between carbohydrate meals and sleep have not explored the effects of the glycemic index (GI) of carbohydrate on sleep. This thesis investigated the affect of GI on the sleep pattern. In a cross-over, repeated measures design, we explored both the effect of GI and the timing of these meals on sleep in good sleepers. The effects of high and low GI carbohydrate-based meals given 4 h before the subjects’ usual bedtime on their sleep quality were examined in Chapter 3. Also evaluated was the effect of high GI meal timing (4 h vs. 1 h) on sleep. Twelve healthy men (18-35y, BMI 18.5-25 kgm-2) were administered a standard, isocaloric meal of low GI = 50 or high GI=109 in a cross-over and counter balanced manner, 4 h before their usual bedtime. On another occasion, the high GI meal was given 1 h before bedtime. Following the high or the low GI meal, participants underwent a familiarization sleep night followed by three polysomnographic test nights. The subjects’ blood and urine were collected for glucose and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin analysis respectively. Significant differences were found between the area under the curve (AUC) for blood glucose responses following the high GI meal compared to the responses for the low GI meal. It was shown that a carbohydrate-based high GI meal resulted in a significant shortening of sleep onset latency (SOL) in normal sleepers compared to a low GI meal (P = 0.009), and was most effective when consumed 4 h before bedtime (P = 0.01). There were no significant changes in other sleep indices. The Atkins’ Diet is a popular dietary therapy that promotes weight loss. This restricted carbohydrate diet with high fat and high protein content has not been evaluated for its effects on sleep, or systematically documented for its effects on mood, fatigue or sleepiness. The short term effect of the Atkins’ diet over 48 h on the sleep quality of healthy, non-obese males to a Control mixed diet was compared in Chapter 4. This study employed a repeated measure design where fourteen healthy, non-obese, good sleepers were given isocaloric diets and matching evening test meals (4 h before usual bedtime), which were either mixed (15% protein, 25% fat, 60% carbohydrate) or Atkins’ (38% protein, 61% fat, <1% carbohydrate). After a familiarization night with polysomnography, further polysomnographic testing was then performed on the Control night, 4 h after the first Atkins’ test meal (Atkins Acute) and 48 h (Atkins Ketosis) following commencement of the Atkins’ diet. Objective sleep was recorded using Compumedics S-series Sleep system; Compumedics Ltd, Melbourne, Australia. Urine ketone level was monitored before the evening test meals and at bedtime on the Control night, during the Atkins Acute and Ketosis phase. Blood glucose level was measured before the evening test meal until 120 min following the meal. Significant differences were found for the AUC for the blood glucose between the Control night and the Atkins Acute and Atkins Ketosis phase (P < 0.001). Participants developed mild hypoglycemia and ketosis 48 h following the Atkins’ diet. A significant reduction in the proportion of rapid eye movement (%REM) sleep to total sleep time (TST) was observed following the Atkins’ Acute and Atkins’ Ketosis phase compared to the Control (P = 0.006 and 0.05 respectively). The percentage of slow wave sleep (%SWS) to TST significantly increased for both the Atkins’ Acute and Ketosis phase compared to the Control meal (P = 0.02 for both phases). The sleep changes may be linked to the energy metabolism of fat of the Atkins’ diet. The effects of the Atkins’ diet compared to a Control mixed diet on sleepiness, mood, fatigue and dream recall were also investigated (Chapter 5). Participants’ overall daytime mood, fatigue intensity, sleepiness and other symptoms were assessed using a visual analogue scale before the evening test meals. The number of subjects with dream recalls was recorded on awakening after each polysomnographic night. The daytime symptoms of fatigue, sleepiness and depressed mood were significantly increased following the Atkins’ diet compared to the Control diet. A greater proportion of subjects reported dreams 48 h after the Atkins’ diet compared to either the Atkins’ Acute phase or the Control condition. Our findings suggest that mild hypoglycemia resulting from the diet may mediate the subjective responses of daytime sleepiness, depressed mood and intense fatigue. The increased proportion of subjects with dream recall may be related to an increased transient arousals from sleep during which dreams are usually consolidated into memory. The finding that “high-glycemic-index carbohydrate meals shorten sleep onset” may be relevant to persons with sleep disturbance. These meals may facilitate sleep transition for those with sleep initiation problems. The effect of the Atkins’ diet in SWS promotion and increasing feelings of fatigue and suppressing mood in the short-term may be relevant for patients with sleep apnoea (obesity), who experience low proportion of SWS and significant somnolence. Further studies to explore these effects on a longer term in this group would be worthwhile.

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Afaghi, Ahmad. "Studies Investigating the Influence of Macronutrient Intake on Sleep." Faculty of Health Science. Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2257.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)
Several studies have documented the direct effect of macronutrient intake on sleep. A general picture that has emerged indicates that a low carbohydrate diet with a total energy between 13-47% and high fat content with a total energy between 47-77% shows increases in slow wave sleep and may decrease rapid-eye movement sleep. However, previous studies investigating the association between carbohydrate meals and sleep have not explored the effects of the glycemic index (GI) of carbohydrate on sleep. This thesis investigated the affect of GI on the sleep pattern. In a cross-over, repeated measures design, we explored both the effect of GI and the timing of these meals on sleep in good sleepers. The effects of high and low GI carbohydrate-based meals given 4 h before the subjects’ usual bedtime on their sleep quality were examined in Chapter 3. Also evaluated was the effect of high GI meal timing (4 h vs. 1 h) on sleep. Twelve healthy men (18-35y, BMI 18.5-25 kgm-2) were administered a standard, isocaloric meal of low GI = 50 or high GI=109 in a cross-over and counter balanced manner, 4 h before their usual bedtime. On another occasion, the high GI meal was given 1 h before bedtime. Following the high or the low GI meal, participants underwent a familiarization sleep night followed by three polysomnographic test nights. The subjects’ blood and urine were collected for glucose and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin analysis respectively. Significant differences were found between the area under the curve (AUC) for blood glucose responses following the high GI meal compared to the responses for the low GI meal. It was shown that a carbohydrate-based high GI meal resulted in a significant shortening of sleep onset latency (SOL) in normal sleepers compared to a low GI meal (P = 0.009), and was most effective when consumed 4 h before bedtime (P = 0.01). There were no significant changes in other sleep indices. The Atkins’ Diet is a popular dietary therapy that promotes weight loss. This restricted carbohydrate diet with high fat and high protein content has not been evaluated for its effects on sleep, or systematically documented for its effects on mood, fatigue or sleepiness. The short term effect of the Atkins’ diet over 48 h on the sleep quality of healthy, non-obese males to a Control mixed diet was compared in Chapter 4. This study employed a repeated measure design where fourteen healthy, non-obese, good sleepers were given isocaloric diets and matching evening test meals (4 h before usual bedtime), which were either mixed (15% protein, 25% fat, 60% carbohydrate) or Atkins’ (38% protein, 61% fat, <1% carbohydrate). After a familiarization night with polysomnography, further polysomnographic testing was then performed on the Control night, 4 h after the first Atkins’ test meal (Atkins Acute) and 48 h (Atkins Ketosis) following commencement of the Atkins’ diet. Objective sleep was recorded using Compumedics S-series Sleep system; Compumedics Ltd, Melbourne, Australia. Urine ketone level was monitored before the evening test meals and at bedtime on the Control night, during the Atkins Acute and Ketosis phase. Blood glucose level was measured before the evening test meal until 120 min following the meal. Significant differences were found for the AUC for the blood glucose between the Control night and the Atkins Acute and Atkins Ketosis phase (P < 0.001). Participants developed mild hypoglycemia and ketosis 48 h following the Atkins’ diet. A significant reduction in the proportion of rapid eye movement (%REM) sleep to total sleep time (TST) was observed following the Atkins’ Acute and Atkins’ Ketosis phase compared to the Control (P = 0.006 and 0.05 respectively). The percentage of slow wave sleep (%SWS) to TST significantly increased for both the Atkins’ Acute and Ketosis phase compared to the Control meal (P = 0.02 for both phases). The sleep changes may be linked to the energy metabolism of fat of the Atkins’ diet. The effects of the Atkins’ diet compared to a Control mixed diet on sleepiness, mood, fatigue and dream recall were also investigated (Chapter 5). Participants’ overall daytime mood, fatigue intensity, sleepiness and other symptoms were assessed using a visual analogue scale before the evening test meals. The number of subjects with dream recalls was recorded on awakening after each polysomnographic night. The daytime symptoms of fatigue, sleepiness and depressed mood were significantly increased following the Atkins’ diet compared to the Control diet. A greater proportion of subjects reported dreams 48 h after the Atkins’ diet compared to either the Atkins’ Acute phase or the Control condition. Our findings suggest that mild hypoglycemia resulting from the diet may mediate the subjective responses of daytime sleepiness, depressed mood and intense fatigue. The increased proportion of subjects with dream recall may be related to an increased transient arousals from sleep during which dreams are usually consolidated into memory. The finding that “high-glycemic-index carbohydrate meals shorten sleep onset” may be relevant to persons with sleep disturbance. These meals may facilitate sleep transition for those with sleep initiation problems. The effect of the Atkins’ diet in SWS promotion and increasing feelings of fatigue and suppressing mood in the short-term may be relevant for patients with sleep apnoea (obesity), who experience low proportion of SWS and significant somnolence. Further studies to explore these effects on a longer term in this group would be worthwhile.

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Murgatroyd, Peter R. "Human energy regulation : studies of whole body macronutrient flux." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269030.

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Books on the topic "Macronutrient"

1941-, Anderson G. Harvey, Rolls Barbara J, and Steffen Daniel G, eds. Nutritional implications of macronutrient substitutes. New York, N.Y: The New York Academy of Sciences, 1997.

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Hans-Rudolf, Berthoud, and Seeley Randy J, eds. Neural and metabolic control of macronutrient intake. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2000.

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Variyam, Jayachandran N. Factors affecting the macronutrient intake of U.S. adults. Washington, D.C.?]: USDA, 2003.

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Kaplan, Randall Jeffrey. Influence of dietary saturated fat on macronutrient selection. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999.

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Worthington, Helen Verna. Gallstones and diet revisited: Macronutrient excess or micronutrient deficiency?. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1994.

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Murgatroyd, Peter R. Human energy regulation: Studies of whole-body macronutrient flux. [S.l: The Author], 2000.

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D, Fernstrom John, Miller Gregory D, and International Life Sciences Institute, eds. Appetite and body weight regulation: Sugar, fat, and macronutrient substitutes. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1994.

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McCormick, Sara Elizabeth. Influence of dietary saturated fat and diet composition on macronutrient selection. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1999.

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author, Carroll Daniel, ed. The macronutrient diet: The complete "do it yourself" guide to getting lean. Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 2014.

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Chang, Nancy. The effect of macronutrient administration on extracellular amino acid patterns in different regions of the rat hypothalamus. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Macronutrient"

Amils, Ricardo. "Macronutrient." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_913-2.

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Amils, Ricardo. "Macronutrient." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1411–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_913.

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Amils, Ricardo. "Macronutrient." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 937. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_913.

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Schneeman, Barbara Olds. "Macronutrient Absorption." In Dietary Fiber, 157–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0519-4_10.

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Brownlee, Jaclyn. "Macronutrient Requirements." In Nutrition in Cystic Fibrosis, 11–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16387-1_2.

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Grossman, Arthur R., David Gonzalez-Ballester, Nakako Shibagaki, Wirulda Pootakham, and Jeffrey Moseley. "Responses to Macronutrient Deprivation." In Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Plants, 307–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3112-9_15.

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Vance, Carroll P. "Phosphorus as a Critical Macronutrient." In The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops, 227–64. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470960707.ch12.

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Buford, Thomas. "Macronutrient Intake for Physical Activity." In Nutritional Supplements in Sports and Exercise, 95–119. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-231-1_4.

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Valente, Luisa M. P., Luis Conceição, Francisco Javier Sánchez-Vázquez, and Jorge Dias. "Macronutrient Nutrition and Diet Formulation." In The Biology of Sole, 276–90. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2019] | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120393-14.

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Galvan, Elfego. "Macronutrient Intake for Physical Activity." In Nutritional Supplements in Sports and Exercise, 63–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18230-8_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Macronutrient"

Sartin, Maicon, Alexandre Da Silva, Claudinei Kappes, and Tercio S. Filho. "Classifying the Macronutrient Deficiency in Soybean Leaf with Deep Learning." In Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2020.12166.

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Deep Learning consiste em técnicas modernas que abordam um ou mais métodos de inteligência artificial. Uma abordagem está no uso de redes neurais convolucionais em conjunto com redes neurais tradicionais para processamento de imagens digitais. Neste trabalho, é realizada uma pesquisa para avaliar uma técnica de aprendizado profundo na classificação da deficiência de macronutrientes de potássio (K) pela folha de soja. Esta pesquisa apresenta um conjunto de dados próprio com tratamentos distintos do macronutriente de potássio. Vários cenários de aprendizado profundo são avaliados com diferentes métricas. Os resultados são comparados com a literatura e mostram um grande potencial de redes neurais convolucionais, com precisão acima de 99% nesse tipo de classificação.

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Zhou, You, Ting Zhang, and Guang-Ning Fan. "Macronutrient Intake Assessment under Sports Intervention." In 2nd Annual International Conference on Social Science and Contemporary Humanity Development. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/sschd-16.2016.113.

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Zellerbach, Karitta, and Carolina Ruiz. "Machine Learning to Predict Overeating from Macronutrient Composition." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983166.

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HALMI, KATHERINE, and SUZANNE SUNDAY. "PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF MACRONUTRIENT INTAKE IN EATING DISORDERS." In IX World Congress of Psychiatry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814440912_0150.

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Thompson, C., B. S. Berthon, H. A. Scott, P. G. Gibson, P. M. Young, B. G. Oliver, and L. G. Wood. "Macronutrient Effects on Bronchodilator Responsiveness in Obese Asthma." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a4436.

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Smith, Nathan E. "Macronutrient regulation by the desert leafcutter antAcromyrmex versicolor." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115595.

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Huo, Zepeng, Bobak J. Mortazavi, Theodora Chaspari, Nicolaas Deutz, Laura Ruebush, and Ricardo Gutierrez-Osuna. "Predicting the meal macronutrient composition from continuous glucose monitors." In 2019 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical & Health Informatics (BHI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bhi.2019.8834488.

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Tu, Ethan, Lina Begdache, Daehan Won, and Ahyeon Koh. "Sweat cortisol response to stress, macronutrient consumption and birth control." In 2019 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rapid.2019.8864374.

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"Development of Ion-Selective Electrodes Based Soil Macronutrient Detection Platform." In 2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141898970.

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Ingale, Vaibhav, Rashmi Vaidya, Amol Phad, and Pratibha Shingare. "A sensor device for measuring soil macronutrient proportion using FPGA." In 2016 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsp.2016.7754237.

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Reports on the topic "Macronutrient"

Morris, Cheryl L., and Kelly Kappen. Inclusion of Fresh Pork Pancreas in Raw Pork Meat-Based Diets for African Wildcats (Felis silvestris tristrami) does not Impact Macronutrient Digestibility. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1154.

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Blaxter, Tamsin, and Tara Garnett. Primed for power: a short cultural history of protein. TABLE, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/ba271ef5.

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Protein has a singularly prominent place in discussions about food. It symbolises fitness, strength and masculinity, motherhood and care. It is the preferred macronutrient of affluence and education, the mark of a conscientious diet in wealthy countries and of wealth and success elsewhere. Through its association with livestock it stands for pastoral beauty and tradition. It is the high-tech food of science fiction, and in discussions of changing agricultural systems it is the pivotal nutrient around which good and bad futures revolve. There is no denying that we need protein and that engaging with how we produce and consume it is a crucial part of our response to the environmental crises. But discussions of these issues are affected by their cultural context—shaped by the power of protein. Given this, we argue that it is vital to map that cultural power and understand its origins. This paper explores the history of nutritional science and international development in the Global North with a focus on describing how protein gained its cultural meanings. Starting in the first half of the 19th century and running until the mid-1970s, it covers two previous periods when protein rose to singular prominence in food discourse: in the nutritional science of the late-19th century, and in international development in the post-war era. Many parallels emerge, both between these two eras and in comparison with the present day. We hope that this will help to illuminate where and why the symbolism and story of protein outpace the science—and so feed more nuanced dialogue about the future of food.

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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Юлія Віліївна Бєлик, Юрій Васильович Лихолат, Герман Хайльмейер, Іван Панасович Григорюк, Ніна Олександрівна Хромих, and Тетяна Юріївна Лихолат. The Total Content of Macronutrients and Heavy Metals in the Soil on Devastated Lands at Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining & Metallurgical District (Ukraine). Geology-dnu-dp.ua, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4286.

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The relevance of the research is due to the need to develop technologies for phytoremediation of the devastated lands in the mining and metallurgical regions of Ukraine and the world. In this regard, the creation of tree plantations adapted to the ecological conditions of such territories is considered by many experts as the most promising option for innovative technologies. However, the development of artificial woodlands requires knowledge of the pedogeochemical character- istics of devastated lands. The aim of the work was to carry out a comparative analysis of the macronutrients and heavy metals gross forms content in the soils of the devastated lands of the Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical region. The field studies focused on five contrasting monitoring sites of the Petrovsky dump (Central Kryvorizhzhya), which has a typical age and composition of rocks for the region. Soil sampling, drying, sieving, and sample preparation (sintering in a muffle furnace) were done in accordance with classical techniques. The concentrations of macronutrients (potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and phosphorus) and heavy metals (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium) were determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS) X-Series 2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The analytical part of our research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of the Institute of Biosciences, Freiberg University of Technology and Mining Academy (Freiberg, Germany). At monitoring sites, significant differences were found in the content of macronutrients gross forms, and their variation relative to the control values as well. Potassium and sodium concentrations generally differed slightly or were close to control levels. The results of determining the content of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus indicate a significant deficiency or excess of these macronutrients in the soils of the devastated lands. An increased sulfur content was found in the soils of all monitoring sites, in some cases 4 times higher than the control level. The measured content of gross forms of iron, manganese, copper, cadmium and, partially, zinc in the soils of different monitoring sites exceeded the control values by 5.5 – 5.9 times. Thus, the analysis of the research results made it possible to establish that the soils of the devastated lands of the Petrovsky dump are characterized by unfavorable properties for the growth of most species of woody plants.

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Raghothama, Kashchandra G., Avner Silber, and Avraham Levy. Biotechnology approaches to enhance phosphorus acquisition of tomato plants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586546.bard.

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Abstract: Phosphorus is one of the least available macronutrient in the soil. The high affinity phosphate transporters are known to be associated with phosphate acquisition under natural conditions. Due to unique interactions of phosphate with soil particles, up to 80% of the applied phosphates may be fixed forcing the farmers to apply 4 to 5 times the fertilizers necessary for crop production. Efficient uptake and utilization of this essential nutrient is essential for sustainability and profitability of agriculture. Many predictions point to utilization/exhaustion of high quality phosphate rocks within this century. This calls for efforts to improve the ability of plants to acquire and utilize limiting sources of phosphate in the rhizosphere. Two important molecular and biochemical components associated with phosphate efficiency are phosphate transporters and phosphatases. This research project is aimed at defining molecular determinants of phosphate acquisition and utilization in addition to generating phosphate uptake efficient plants. The main objectives of the project were; Creation and analysis of transgenic tomato plants over-expressing phosphatases and transporters Characterization of the recently identified members (LePT3 and LePT4) of the Pi transporter family Generate molecular tools to study genetic responses of plants to Pi deficiency During the project period we have successfully identified and characterized a novel phosphate transporter associated with mycorrhizal symbiosis. The expression of this transporter increases with mycorrhizal symbiosis. A thorough characterization of mutant tomato lacking the expression of this gene revealed the biological significance of LePT3 and another novel gene LePT4. In addition we have isolated and characterized several phosphate starvation induced genes from tomato using a combination of differential and subtractive mRNA hybridization techniques. One of the genes, LePS2 belongs to the family of phospho-protein phosphatase. The functionality of the recombinant protein was determined using synthetic phosphor-peptides. Over expression of this gene in tomato resulted in significant changes in growth, delay in flowering and senescence. It is anticipated that phospho-protein phosphatase may have regulatory role in phosphate deficiency responses of plants. In addition a novel phosphate starvation induced glycerol 3-phosphate permease gene family was also characterized. Two doctoral research students are continuing the characterization and functional analysis of these genes. Over expression of high affinity phosphate transporters in tobacco showed increased phosphate content under hydroponic conditions. There is growing evidence suggesting that high affinity phosphate transporters are crucial for phosphate acquisition even under phosphate sufficiency conditions. This project has helped train several postdoctoral fellows and graduate students. Further analysis of transgenic plants expressing phosphatases and transporters will not only reveal the biological function of the targeted genes but also result in phosphate uptake and utilization efficient plants.

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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Юлія Віліївна Бєлик, Юрій Васильович Лихолат, Герман Хайльмейер, and Іван Панасович Григорюк. Macronutrients and Heavy Metals Contents in the Leaves of Trees from the Devastated Lands at Kryvyi Rih District (Central Ukraine). КДПУ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4151.

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The relevance of these studies was due to the need to clarify the biogeochemical characteristics of woody plant species that grow naturally on devastated lands. The object of this paper: to carry out a comparative analysis of macro nutrients and heavy metals contents in the leaves of trees spontaneously sprouting on the devastated lands at the Kryvyi Rih District. This research was performed at Petrovsky waste rock dump, the Central part of the Kryvyi Rih iron-ore & metallurgical district (Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine). The macronutrients (K, Ca, Mg, P and S) and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) contents in the leaves of three species of the trees (Ash-leaved Maple Acer negundo L., Silver Birch Betula pendula Roth. and Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia L.) that were collected on devastated lands were assessed. It was established that trees which grow on the Petrovsky dump take place under evident shortage of nutrients (especially K and P) and excess of metals (especially Fe, Mn and Zn). Taking into account the revealed values of macronutrients optimal concentrations and revealed the heavy metals lowest content in the leaves, we assume that Ash-leaved maple and Black locust (compared to the Silver Birch) are more resistant to the geochemical conditions of devastated lands.

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Bohan, Michelle, Lloyd L. Anderson, Allen H. Trenkle, and Donald C. Beitz. Effects of Dietary Macronutrients on Appetite-Related Hormones in Blood on Body Composition of Lean and Obese Rats. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-908.

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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Юлія Віліївна Бєлик, Юрій Васильович Лихолат, Герман Хайльмейер, and Іван Панасович Григорюк. Macronutrients and Heavy Metals Contents in the Leaves of Trees from the Devastated Lands at Kryvyi Rih District (Central Ukraine). E3S Web of Conferences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3785.

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This research was performed at Petrovsky waste rock dump, the Central part of the Kryvyi Rih iron-ore & metallurgical district (Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine). The macronutrients (K, Ca, Mg, P and S) and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) contents in the leaves of three species of the trees (Ash-leaved maple, Silver Birch and Black locust) that were collected on devastated lands were assessed. It was established that trees which grow on the Petrovsky dump take place under evident shortage of nutrients (especially K and P) and excess of metals (especially Fe, Mn and Zn). It is revealed that Ash-leaved maple and Black locust are more resistant to the geochemical conditions of devastated lands. In this regard, these species of trees can be recommended for forest restoration & reforestation on devastated lands.

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Osipov, V. G., I. V. Alferov, and D. N. Shakhurdin. Analysis of the content of macronutrients in the serum and in pasture feeds, depending on the breeding zone of different intrabreed types of the Yakut horse. Автономная некоммерческая организация Редакция журнала Коневодство и конный спорт, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/konevodstvo.2018.5.2021rus.

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