Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Macroalgae'
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Monteiro, Lorena Soares. "AbsorÃÃo de nutrientes pela macroalga Gracilaria Birdiae (Plastino & Oliveira, 2002) sob diferentes condiÃÃes fÃsicoquÃmicas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6700.
Full textDentre os recursos oriundos do mar, as macroalgas destacam-se como as de maior aproveitamento industrial. A sua abundÃncia e diversidade as tornam fontes de matÃria-prima para uma infinidade de produtos de uso humano e animal, alÃm dos benefÃcios ambientais resultantes da atividade algal na forma de O2 atmosfÃrico, remoÃÃo de nutrientes da Ãgua, modulaÃÃo climÃtica, combustÃveis fosseis e tambÃm na colheita de organismos que se alimentam das algas. A carcinicultura depende diretamente da boa qualidade da Ãgua para obter resultados satisfatÃrios de produÃÃo, portanto manter a qualidade do efluente da carcinicultura significa perpetuar a atividade. As macroalgas utilizam os nutrientes absorvidos para seu crescimento, enquanto contribuem com o melhoramento da qualidade ambiental dos ecossitemas aquÃticos. EspÃcies do gÃnero Gracilaria destacam-se pela capacidade de absorver rapidamente grandes quantidades de nutrientes dissolvidos orgÃnicos e inorgÃnicos. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a remoÃÃo de nutrientes da Ãgua de efluente de carcinicultura por macroalgas marinhas G. birdiae, a fim de fornecer informaÃÃes para um possÃvel cultivo integrado entre as espÃcies Litopenaeus vannamei e Gracilaria birdiae. Para isso, foram utilizados 25 recipientes onde foram distribuÃdos, aleatoriamente, 5 tratamentos com 5 repetiÃÃes, contendo 5, 10, 15 e 20 g de algas em 3 L de Ãgua de efluente de carcinicultura e ainda um controle sem algas. Este procedimento foi realizado com iluminaÃÃo constante e ainda com fotoperÃodo de 12h de claro e escuro, sendo tambÃm verificado a resistÃncia dos animais a situaÃÃo de dÃficit de oxigÃnio e o aporte de nutrientes para a Ãgua de cultivo dos animais. Cada experimento durou duas semanas e os resultados mostraram que a alga G. birdiae tem capacidade de retirar da Ãgua do efluente da carcinicultura em um curto perÃodo de tempo e em quantidades satisfatÃrias amÃnia e fÃsforo e ainda manter, sob iluminaÃÃo, concentraÃÃes suficientes de oxigÃnio na Ãgua.
Among marine resources, seaweeds have emerged as the one which have the largest industrial use. Their abundance and diversity make them a great source of raw material for countless products for human and animal use. More over seaweeds have a widely environmental importance, regarding to the atmospheric O2, water nutrients removing, fossil fuels, and also on the harvest of animals that eat marine algae. Shrimp culture is directly dependent on a good water quality for satisfactory production, therefore maintain the quality of shrimp farms effluent means to perpetuate the activity. Seaweeds absorb nutrients from the water and use them for their growth, while contribute to the environmental improvement of aquatic ecosystems. Gracilaria species stand out for the ability to quickly absorb large amounts of dissolved nutrients, not only organic, but also inorganic nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the nutrients removal from the effluent water from a shrimp farm by the seaweed G. birdiae, in order to provide information for a possible integrated shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and seaweed (G. birdiae) culture. For this, we used 25 containers, randomly distributed, with five treatments and five replications of 5, 10, 15 and 20 g of seaweed in 3 L of the effluent water from shrimp farm plus a control without seaweed. These procedures were performed with constant illumination and with a 12h light and dark photoperiod. The animals resistance of to periods of low oxygen, and the nutrients input generated by cultured animals have been checked. Each experiment lasted two weeks and the results showed that the alga G. birdiae has the capacity to withdraw from the shrimp farm effluent a satisfactory amount of ammonia and phosphorus in a short period of time, and still maintain, under illumination, sufficient concentrations of oxygen in the water. LISTA DE
Pye, Karen. "The effects of eutrophication on the marine benthic flora of Langstone Harbour, South Coast of England." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343337.
Full textSchiener, Peter. "Bioethanol production from macroalgae." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2014. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/bioethanol-production-from-macroalgae(d1c0fd4d-3a91-4d17-be4f-0b7b2af86e11).html.
Full textRoss, Michael Eric. "Wastewater treatment by filamentous macroalgae." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31512.
Full textMarshall, Rhoda A. "Halocarbon production by red macroalgae (Rhodophyta)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326295.
Full textMellor, A. "The uptake of metals by marine macroalgae." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268333.
Full textEvans, Oliver Graham Evans. "Modeling the Light Field in Macroalgae Aquaculture." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1542810712432336.
Full textMargarido, Tatiana Cristina Stefani. "Biomarcadores de exposição em macroalgas Gracilaria domingensis expostas a cádmio e cobre." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-02032017-123729/.
Full textIn the last years great importance are being dedicated to the research of metals because of their environmental impact, persistence and the possibility of bioacummulation and biomagnification. The large amount of effluents produced by urban, industrial, agricultural and mining activities among others affect particularly the coastal areas. In this context, the algae which compose the basis of the foodweb, and have the capacity to stock metals decreasing their availability in the environment and therefore to other species inhabiting the area. Such characteristic make the algae a feasibly economic and ecological alternative to be used in bioremediation approaches. Macroalgae belonging to the genus Gracilaria, possess already an economical importance in the production of agar and, some of its metabolites are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. The organisms of this genus can also be an indicator of the metal presence in the environment and the effects caused by these compounds potential biomarkers. The objective of this project is to assess the effect of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) on antioxidant or biotransformation enzymes in the algae Gracilaria domingensis and also the mechanisms of retention and detoxification of these metals. The description of these mechanisms can contribute to further use this macroalgae to bioremediation processes. Experiments established the IC50 of copper and cadmium in Gracilaria domingensis at 10.6 and 1.05 mg. L-1, respectively. Experiments using the copper\'s concentrations 5.3 and 10.6 mg. L-1 (½ IC50 and IC50) for 1, 24 and 48 h of were performed. Besides experiments with recovery groups, experiments using CONAMA 357/2005 concentration and experiment with different times of exposure (24, 48,72 and 96 hours) to understand better when phytochelatins starts to be produced and a profile of biomarkers The analysis of exposed algae to copper demonstrated an increased activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and ascorbate peroxidase (APx). Interestingly, the catalase (CAT) activity was not detected even though in the presence of metal. Other experiments using concentration determined by CONAMA and IC50 was performed, as well experiments using recovery groups, and a temporal profile, to see the results for 24, 48, 72 e 96 hours of exposure. The analysis of phytochelatine, GSH and GSSG test were inconclusive and new conducted tests with CONAMA\'s and IC50 concentration showed significant alterations in the levels of GSSG e GSH for the samples exposed to copper, however, only the group treated with cadmium demonstrated detectable levels of phytochelatin. The species Gracilaria domingensis has been demonstrating the potential as a bioindicator organism and the biomarkers are producing promising results.
Cruz, Ana Raquel Lima da. "A importância das macroalgas castanhas para o desenvolvimento de nutracêuticos." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7370.
Full textA crescente preocupação da população em geral com a saúde e bem-estar incentiva a indústria a apostar em produtos que se revelam benéficos na prevenção e/ou tratamento de doenças. A natureza tem sido desde sempre a maior fonte de moléculas com atividades biológicas interessantes. Nos últimos anos tem vindo a crescer o interesse pelo estudo dos compostos obtidos de organismos marinhos, nomeadamente as macroalgas. As macroalgas são um grupo muito heterogéneo que pode ser subdivido em três grupos distintos de acordo com a pigmentação que apresentam. As macroalgas castanhas por possuírem compostos exclusivos são estudadas intensivamente. Com um elevado valor nutritivo, mas de um baixo teor calórico, as macroalgas castanhas apresentam na sua constituição, entre outros compostos, metabolitos secundários biologicamente ativos nomeadamente polifenóis, que além de conferirem proteção às macroalgas ainda apresentam, entre outras, propriedades antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórias que podem ser incorporados em nutracêuticos. Com o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, pretende-se analisar as propriedades biológicas de diversos compostos extraídos das macroalgas castanhas e os seus possíveis benefícios na incorporação dos mesmos em nutracêuticos.
The greater concern of the general population with health and well-being encourages an industry in products that show benefits in the prevention and / or treatment of diseases. Nature has always been the largest source of molecules with interesting biological activities. In recent years there has been growing interest in the study of compounds of marine organisms, such as macroalgae. Macroalgae are a very heterogeneous group that can be subdivided into three distinct groups according to a pigmentation it presents. As brown macroalgae because they have a way of getting free are intensively studied. With a high nutritional value, but with low caloric content, such as brown macroalgae, among others, metabolites that are biologically active are polyphenols, which also confer the guarantee to macroalgae still present, among others, antioxidant and anti-oxidant properties that can be incorporated into nutraceuticals. In order to carry out the work, we intend to analyze the biological characteristics of the compounds extracted from the macroalgae and to allow the incorporation of the same in nutraceuticals.
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Monteiro, Lorena Soares. "Absorção de nutrientes pela macroalga Gracilaria Birdiae (Plastino & Oliveira, 2002) sob diferentes condições físicoquímicas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18476.
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Among marine resources, seaweeds have emerged as the one which have the largest industrial use. Their abundance and diversity make them a great source of raw material for countless products for human and animal use. More over seaweeds have a widely environmental importance, regarding to the atmospheric O2, water nutrients removing, fossil fuels, and also on the harvest of animals that eat marine algae. Shrimp culture is directly dependent on a good water quality for satisfactory production, therefore maintain the quality of shrimp farms effluent means to perpetuate the activity. Seaweeds absorb nutrients from the water and use them for their growth, while contribute to the environmental improvement of aquatic ecosystems. Gracilaria species stand out for the ability to quickly absorb large amounts of dissolved nutrients, not only organic, but also inorganic nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the nutrients removal from the effluent water from a shrimp farm by the seaweed G. birdiae, in order to provide information for a possible integrated shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and seaweed (G. birdiae) culture. For this, we used 25 containers, randomly distributed, with five treatments and five replications of 5, 10, 15 and 20 g of seaweed in 3 L of the effluent water from shrimp farm plus a control without seaweed. These procedures were performed with constant illumination and with a 12h light and dark photoperiod. The animals resistance of to periods of low oxygen, and the nutrients input generated by cultured animals have been checked. Each experiment lasted two weeks and the results showed that the alga G. birdiae has the capacity to withdraw from the shrimp farm effluent a satisfactory amount of ammonia and phosphorus in a short period of time, and still maintain, under illumination, sufficient concentrations of oxygen in the water. LISTA DE
Dentre os recursos oriundos do mar, as macroalgas destacam-se como as de maior aproveitamento industrial. A sua abundância e diversidade as tornam fontes de matéria-prima para uma infinidade de produtos de uso humano e animal, além dos benefícios ambientais resultantes da atividade algal na forma de O2 atmosférico, remoção de nutrientes da água, modulação climática, combustíveis fosseis e também na colheita de organismos que se alimentam das algas. A carcinicultura depende diretamente da boa qualidade da água para obter resultados satisfatórios de produção, portanto manter a qualidade do efluente da carcinicultura significa perpetuar a atividade. As macroalgas utilizam os nutrientes absorvidos para seu crescimento, enquanto contribuem com o melhoramento da qualidade ambiental dos ecossitemas aquáticos. Espécies do gênero Gracilaria destacam-se pela capacidade de absorver rapidamente grandes quantidades de nutrientes dissolvidos orgânicos e inorgânicos. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a remoção de nutrientes da água de efluente de carcinicultura por macroalgas marinhas G. birdiae, a fim de fornecer informações para um possível cultivo integrado entre as espécies Litopenaeus vannamei e Gracilaria birdiae. Para isso, foram utilizados 25 recipientes onde foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, 5 tratamentos com 5 repetições, contendo 5, 10, 15 e 20 g de algas em 3 L de água de efluente de carcinicultura e ainda um controle sem algas. Este procedimento foi realizado com iluminação constante e ainda com fotoperíodo de 12h de claro e escuro, sendo também verificado a resistência dos animais a situação de déficit de oxigênio e o aporte de nutrientes para a água de cultivo dos animais. Cada experimento durou duas semanas e os resultados mostraram que a alga G. birdiae tem capacidade de retirar da água do efluente da carcinicultura em um curto período de tempo e em quantidades satisfatórias amônia e fósforo e ainda manter, sob iluminação, concentrações suficientes de oxigênio na água.
Chaves, Queilane Lemos de Sousa Gomes. "Sediments and macroalgae as bioindicators of trace metals in two parts of the west coasr of CearÃ-brazil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8776.
Full textSediments have been used as environmental indicator because of its ability to incorporate and accumulate contaminants, with the surface layers it is possible to analyze the increase or decrease of concentrations of trace metals in the environment, since both metals incorporated from natural sources as the of anthropogenic origin. However the bioindicators more accurately reflect the condition of the metal pollutants in the environment that only the measurements of the concentrations of the metals present in the sediment and water. The present study evaluated geochemistry of sediments and of the rocky substrate, together with the chemistry of three species of macroalgae rhodophytas; Gracilaria sp., Hypnea musciformis and Cryptonemia crenulata. We defined two stretches of beaches located in the state of Ceara, which are important environments for macroalgal banks exploited economically in this state. The excerpts represent two different situations investigated the Coqueiros beach in the municipality of Caucaia near sources of pollution, urban and industrial, and beach Flecheiras located in the municipality of Trairi far from urban centers and industries. The sampling occurred in March 2011 and the materials were analyzed by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) for sediment and via mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma source (ICP-MS) for macroalgae. The results obtained in this study showed high levels of barium and zirconium compared to the crustal average latter with values similar in both study sites (837 Â 499 mg kg-1). Ba levels were higher especially in the beach sediments of Coqueiros (1799-38680 mg kg-1) and lower in the beach sediments Flecheiras (1034 to 2148 mg kg-1). The levels of Ba in the rocky substrate were lower but varied between 387 and 1048 mg kg-1 at the beach of Coqueiros beach against 214-524 mg kg-1 at the Flecheiras beach. Although proximity to anthropogenic sources such as industrial and urban centers could put pressure on the found levels especially barium, natural origins of barium and zirconium anomalies cannot be discarded. Chemical analysis revealed Gracilaria sp. species in which the elements Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, Ho, Li, Lu, Mn, Mo , Pb, Rb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Tb, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, Y, Yb and Zn observed in individuals from Coqueiros was greater than that observed in specimens Flecheiras. However the concentration of the elements As, Cd and B was significantly higher in Flecheiras Beach. In species Hypnea musciformes the concentration of the elements Mo and especially to Ba, the Coqueiros beach was higher than that observed in specimens beach Flecheiras. The elements As, B, Cd, and Sr, the relative concentration of the samples was higher than Flecheiras referring to individuals of Coqueiros, this difference was very significant for the elements As and Cd in relation to the concentration of trace elements in the species Cryptonemia crenulata were observed only for B and Co. The concentration of B in individuals of Coqueiros was greater than that observed in specimens Flecheiras. And the element Co was higher in samples Flecheiras than that observed in specimens of Coqueiros. Referring to verify bioaccumulation factor for macroalgae Gracilaria sp Beach Coqueiros was significantly higher than that observed in specimens Flecheiras for trace elements Sc (P = 0.038), Sr (P = 0.018) and especially Zn (P = 0.005) and Zr (P = 0.007). The difference was significant for trace element Y (P = 0.057). In samples of macroalgae Cryptonemia crenulata bioaccumulation factor, found in individuals originating from Flecheiras was significantly higher than that observed in specimens Coqueiros only for trace element Co (P = 0.037). The bioindicators more efficient in determining the metals in these sectors is the species Gracilaria sp. bioindicator ideal and one being the bioindicators essential tools in the control and monitoring of trace metals in coastal environments both beaches proved to be contaminated with various toxic elements among much more toxic.
Sedimentos tÃm sido utilizados como indicador ambiental devido sua capacidade de incorporar e acumular elementos contaminantes, com as camadas superficiais à possÃvel analisar o aumento ou o decrÃscimo das concentraÃÃes de metais traÃo no ambiente, uma vez que incorporam simultaneamente os metais oriundos de fontes naturais quanto os de origem antrÃpicas. Entretanto os bioindicadores refletem de maneira mais precisa a condiÃÃo dos metais poluentes no ambiente do que somente as medidas das concentraÃÃes dos metais presentes no sedimento e na Ãgua. O presente estudo avaliou a geoquÃmica de sedimentos e do substrato rochoso, juntamente com a quÃmica de trÃs espÃcies de macroalgas rhodophytas; Gracilaria sp., Hypnea musciformis e Cryptonemia crenulata. Delimitamos dois trechos de praias localizadas no estado do CearÃ, os quais sÃo importantes ambientes para bancos de macroalgas explorados economicamente neste estado. Os trechos investigados representam duas situaÃÃes distintas a praia dos Coqueiros situada no municÃpio de Caucaia prÃxima de fontes poluentes, urbana e industrial, e praia Flecheiras situada no municÃpio de Trairi longe de centros urbanos e indÃstrias. A amostragem ocorreu em marÃo de 2011 e os materiais foram analisados via espectrometria de emissÃo Ãptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-OES) para os sedimentos e via espectrometria de massas com fonte de plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS) para as macroalgas. Os resultados obtidos nessa pesquisa mostraram valores altos de bÃrio e zircÃnio em relaÃÃo à mÃdia crustal, este Ãltimo com valores mÃdios semelhantes em ambos os locais de estudo (837  499 mg kg-1). Os nÃveis de Ba foram maiores especialmente nos sedimentos da praia dos coqueiros (1799 a 38680 mg kg-1) e em menor nÃvel nos sedimentos da praia de Flecheiras ( 1034 a 2148 mg kg-1). Os nÃveis de Ba no substrato rochoso foi menor mas variou entre 387 e 1048 mg kg-1 na praia dos Coqueiros contra 214 a 524 mg kg-1 na praia de Flecheiras. Embora a proximidade de fontes antrÃpicas como indÃstrias e centros urbanos possa exercer pressÃo sobre os nÃveis especialmente de bÃrio encontrados, origens naturais das anomalias de bÃrio e zircÃnio nÃo podem ser descartadas. As anÃlises quÃmicas na espÃcie Gracilaria sp. revelaram que os elementos Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, Ho, Li, Lu, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Tb, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, Y, Yb e Zn, verificada nos indivÃduos oriundos de Coqueiros foi maior que a observada nos espÃcimes de Flecheiras. Entretanto a concentraÃÃo dos elementos As, B e Cd foi significantemente maior na Praia de Flecheiras. Na espÃcie Hypnea musciformis a concentraÃÃo dos elementos Mo e, sobretudo, para Ba, na praia dos Coqueiros foi maior que a observada nos espÃcimes da praia de Flecheiras. Os elementos As, B, Cd, e Sr, a concentraÃÃo relativa Ãs amostras de Flecheiras foi maior que a referente aos indivÃduos de Coqueiros, tal diferenÃa foi muito significante para os elementos As e Cd. Em relaÃÃo à concentraÃÃo de elementos-traÃo na espÃcie Cryptonemia crenulata foram constatadas apenas para B e Co. A concentraÃÃo de B nos indivÃduos de Coqueiros foi maior que a verificada nos espÃcimes de Flecheiras. E o elemento Co foi maior nas amostras de Flecheiras do que a observada nos espÃcimes de Coqueiros. Referente ao fator de bioacumulaÃÃo verificamos para a macroalga Gracilaria sp da praia dos Coqueiros foi significantemente maior que o observado nos espÃcimes de Flecheiras para os elementos-traÃo Sc (P = 0,038), Sr (P = 0,018) e, sobretudo, Zn (P = 0,005) e Zr (P = 0,007). A diferenÃa foi significante para o elemento-traÃo Y (P = 0,057). Nas amostras da macroalga Cryptonemia crenulata o fator de bioacumulaÃÃo, verificado nos indivÃduos originÃrios de Flecheiras foi significantemente maior que o observado nos espÃcimes de Coqueiros apenas para o elemento-traÃo Co (P = 0,037). Os bioindicadores mais eficientes na determinaÃÃo dos metais nesses setores à a espÃcie Gracilaria sp. uma bioindicadora ideal e sendo os bioindicadores ferramentas essenciais no controle e monitoramento de metais traÃo em ambientes costeiros ambas as praias revelaram-se contaminadas por diferentes elementos entre muito tÃxicos a mais tÃxicos.
Nunes, da Silva Ramos Filipe José. "Identification of Suitable Areas for Offshore Macroalgae Cultivation." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-243911.
Full textMyhrum, Sletmoen Ingeborg, and Matilda Carlsson. "Optimization of a biogas plant with macroalgae, Grenada." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281695.
Full textUnder flera år har algblomning runt de Karibiska öarna, däribland Grenada, varit ett problem. Detta influerade AlgaeFuel Technology till att se närmare på möjligheterna för biogasproduktion med makroalger som biomassa i Grenada. Grenada är beroende av fossila bränslen för att möta sitt energibehov. Att använda algerna för produktion av biogas kan möjligtvis minska utsläpp av växthusgaser. Det finns olika faktorer som påverkar biogasproduktion och syftet med detta projekt är därför att optimera en biogasanläggning med användning av makroalger som biomassa, med fokus i Grenada. En litteraturstudie gjordes för att få mer kunskaper om biogasproduktion genom syrefri rötning, särskilt med användning av makroalger som biomassa. Ett experiment gjordes genom att bygga fyra biogasanläggningar i miniformat med riktlinjer från Svenska lantbruksuniversitetet. Varje anläggning var matad med fyra olika kombinationer av biomassa för att bli jämförd i produktion av biogas. Resultatet från experimentet gav inga tydliga skillnader i biogasproduktion vilket troligen berodde på felkällor under experimentet. Vid optimering av en biogasanläggning inkluderas flera aspekter. Förbehandling har visat sig att vara ett effektivt sätt att öka utbytet av metan och hastigheten av biogasproduktionen. Temperaturreglering är viktigt för att uppnå en mer effektiv biogasproduktion. Effekten av förbehandling och temperaturreglering behöver jämföras med deras energikonsumtion för att få en hållbar biogasproduktion. En kontinuerlig tillgänglighet av biomassa behövs, vilket kan uppnås genom lagring av alger under säsonger med överflöd samt användning av alternativ biomassa. En kombination av biomassa genom samrötning är ett effektivt sätt att öka metanutbytet och även göra biogasanläggningen mer effektiv i det långa loppet. I Grenada är det viktigt att prioritera hållbara lösningar som kan uppnå deras vision fram mot 2030 med 100 procent förnyelsebar energi. Att använda makroalger som biomassa för biogasproduktion i Grenada kan vara en lösning för att båda minska dom negativa effekterna från algblomning och öka andelen förnyelsebar energi.
França, Lucas Vagueiro de. "Macroalgae as feedstock for cultivation of marine bacteria." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14921.
Full textAlginate, laminarin and mannitol amount up to 60% of dry weight in brown macroalgae. The presence of alginate and laminarin-degrading enzymes and mannitol metabolic machinery have been confirmed by Matís, a partner in European BlueGenics project. Thus, in a biorefinery perspective, R. marinus can potentially perform the saccharification and fermentation of brown macroalgae carbohydrates to yield commercial valuable biocompounds, as thermostable enzymes and glycosidic carotenoids. Rhodothermus marinus is a moderate thermophilic (65ºC) and slight halophilic (1.0% NaCl) marine bacterium. Therefore, one of the objectives of this project was to decrease the NaCl concentration in the fermentation medium, since chloride leads to a lower equipment lifetime due to stainless steel corrosion of bioreactors. The main objective of this work was the study of the bacterium R. marinus pattern of growth when cultivated in the main brown macroalgal carbohydrates. This work was performed with five R. marinus strains, two of which were successfully acclimatized to cultivation in Medium 166, cryopreserved in glycerol and recultivated in liquid media, being subject of study in the assays with different carbon and sodium sources in shake flask. The growth studies with different carbon sources suggested that (i) strain 5 presented higher glucose consumption and growth, even though none of the strains consumed all the glucose available in the media; (ii) although none of strains consumed mannitol, strain 5 seemed to be more robust to its presence; and (iii) the growth differences between the controls and the assays with alginate and pretreated alginate were not significant enough to infer if any alginate consumption occurred. It was tested a partial and total substitution of NaCl by Na2SO4. The process was not successful, since Na2SO4 seem to represent a stress factor to both R. marinus strains. Interestingly, the strain 5, when cultivated in Medium 166 containing only a half of NaCl standard concentration, presented a similar growth pattern to control. In the operational conditions imposed in shake flask cultivations containing two tested brown macroalgae (orginial and pretreated) as feedstock for growth, mannitol was not consumed. It was not possible to monitor the alginate and laminarin saccharification and fermentation. Although, the results showed that brown macroalgae are a potential feedstock under the biorefinery concept, since some R. marinus growth was observed. The more promising result to BlueGenics project was obtained from shake flask cultivations of strain 5 in Medium 166 with 0.500% NaCl and 10.0 g.L-1 glucose, since the growth with low chloride content determinates the feasibility of the scale-up of the process to bioreactor . Because of that, the assay was validated in 3L controlled bioreactor. The process presented a μmax of 0.208 h-1, a maximum biomass concentration of 8.75 gX.L-1, a volumetric biomass production rate of 0.295 g.L-1.h-1 and a volumetric glucose uptake rate of 0.293 g.L-1.h-1. Some feeding strategies were tested but further assays have to be performed in order to optimize the bioprocess.
Williamson, Christopher James. "The impacts of ocean acidification on calcifying macroalgae." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/73409/.
Full textPires, Kelma Maria dos Santos. "AvaliaÃÃo sazonal de carotenÃides provitamina A (αâ e βâ caroteno) e vitamina E (αâtocoferol) em macroalgas marinhas pertencentes a famÃlia Caulerpacea (DivisÃo Chlorophyta)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6898.
Full textAs algas marinhas sÃo fontes de uma grande variedade de compostos benÃficos para o homem, dentre os quais se destacam os minerais, as fibras dietÃrias e as vitaminas (A, B, C e E). O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a existÃncia de variaÃÃo sazonal nos teores de α- e β-caroteno (carotenÃides provitamina A) e de α-tocoferol (vitamina E), em cinco espÃcies de macroalgas marinhas pertencentes ao gÃnero Caulerpa (FamÃlia Caulerpaceae, DivisÃo Chlorophyta), âin naturaâ e desidratada. Os conteÃdos desses nutrientes nas algas desidratadas foram comparados com aqueles nas algas âin naturaâ, com o objetivo de verificar se houve alteraÃÃo pelo processo de desidrataÃÃo. As espÃcies de macroalgas marinhas foram coletadas mensalmente, de janeiro a dezembro de 2006, durante as marÃs baixas na Praia do Pacheco, Caucaia- CE. As anÃlises de α- e β-caroteno e α-tocoferol foram realizadas a partir da extraÃÃo da alga em metanol-Ãgua (90:10) nas proporÃÃes 1:10 (p/v), nas amostras âin naturaâ, e 1:20 (p/v), nas desidratadas, saponificaÃÃo com hidrÃxido de potÃssio 5% por 30 min a 70ÂC e partiÃÃo em n-hexano que foi evaporado sob corrente de ar. O resÃduo foi suspenso em 1 mL de metanol no momento da anÃlise cromatogrÃfica e 100 μL foram injetados manualmente. O sistema cromatogrÃfico consistiu em uma coluna Waters Spherisorb-Hichrom S5ODS-2 (4,6 x 250 mm) e uma fase mÃvel constituÃda de metanol:tetrahidrofurano (90:10, v/v), com fluxo de 1,5 mL min-1. O detector foi ajustado em 450 nm e 292 nm e os cromatogramas registrados atravÃs do sistema UnicornTM versÃo 5.0. Todas as espÃcies de Caulerpa âin naturaâ e desidratadas analisadas no presente trabalho apresentaram tanto α-caroteno quanto β-caroteno e as suas distribuiÃÃes mostraram diferenÃas ao longo dos doze meses de coleta. De um modo geral, os teores de α-caroteno foram superiores aos de β-caroteno. As perdas nos conteÃdos de carotenÃides provitamina oscilaram entre 10% e 94%. Para que as algas analisadas neste trabalho fossem consideradas fontes excelentes de vitamina A seria necessÃrio que as porÃÃes consumidas diariamente variassem de 52 g a 689 g, quando consumidas âin naturaâ ou de 42 g a 469 g, quando desidratadas. As cinco espÃcies analisadas neste trabalho apresentaram α-tocoferol, tanto nas amostras âin naturaâ quanto nas desidratadas, com exceÃÃo de C. racemosa coletada em marÃo que apÃs ser submetida a secagem nÃo foi detectado α- tocoferol, e sua distribuiÃÃo foi variÃvel ao longo do ano. Nos teores de α- tocoferol foi observado perdas que variaram de 22 a 91%. As porÃÃes que deveriam ser consumidas diariamente para que as espÃcies de Caulerpa estudadas fossem capazes de fornecer 1/2 da IDR sÃo relativamente pequenas, devendo oscilar entre 11 g e 168 g, quando âin naturaâ, ou entre 13 g e 70 g, quando desidratadas. As quantidades de retinol equivalente e α-tocoferol equivalente nas algas analisadas no presente trabalho nÃo diferiram muito daquelas encontradas nos vegetais normalmente consumidos
Marine macroalgae are sources of a great variety of beneficial compounds such as minerals, dietary fibers and vitamins. The aim of this work was to verify seasonal variation upon both provitamin A carotenoids (α- and β-carotene) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) contents in five species of the marine green macroalga Caulerpa both fresh and oven-dried at 40ÂC for 15 h. The contents in dried algae were compared to those in fresh algae to evaluate the losses after drying. Algal material was collected monthly from January to December 2006, in Pacheco Beach, Caucaia, CearÃ. Analyses of α- and β-carotene and α-tocopherol were carried out in extracts 1:10 (p/v) for fresh alga and 1:20 (p/v) for dried alga using aqueous methanol (90:10, v/v). They were saponified with 5% KOH and partitioned into n-hexane, which was then evaporated. The residues were suspended in 1 mL methanol prior to HPLC analyses. Aliquots of 100 μL were injected in a HPLC system consisting of a Waters Spherisorb-Hichrom S5 ODS-2 column (4.6 x 250 mm) and a mobile phase of methanol:tetrahydrofurane (90:10, v/v), delivered at 1.5 mL min-1. The detector was set at 450 nm for α- and β-carotene and 290 nm for α-tocopherol. Chromatograms were registered at UnicornTM version 5.0. All samples showed α- and β-carotene and α-tocopherol, but their distribution along the year was variable. In general, the contents of α-carotene were greater than those of β-carotene. The losses of α- and β-carotene varied between 10% and 94%. In order to be considered an excellent source of vitamin A, the daily consumption would be 52 g to 689 g of fresh alga or 42 g to 469 g of dried alga. α-Tocopherol was detected in all samples except in dried C. racemosa collected in March. Similar to the distribution of α- and β-carotene along the year, α-tocopherol contents varied too. Losses varied from 22% to 91%. Daily portions to supply 50% of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) would be 11 g to 168 g of fresh alga or 13 g to 70 g of dried alga. Amounts of vitamin A (retinol equivalents) and vitamin E (tocopherol equivalents) in all algae analyzed were not very different from most vegetables normally consumed
Sousa, MÃrcia Barbosa de. "ExtraÃÃo e quantificaÃÃo de α-Caroteno, β-Caroteno e α-Tocoferol em macroalgas marinhas utilizando cromatografia lÃquida de alta eficiÃncia em fase reversa." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2005. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8021.
Full textThe aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of 32 marine macroalga species belonging to Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Phaeophyta as sources of α-carotene, β-carotene and α-tocopherol. Both α-carotene and β-carotene were found in all species of green macroalgae analyzed. The content of α-carotene varied from 0.814 Â 0.256 to 71.378 Â 3.550 μg.g -1 fresh weight, being maximum in algae belonging to Caulerpa genus and minimum in Codium decorticatum. The amount of β-carotene varied from 2.322 Â 0.736 to 26.705 Â 7.398 μg.g -1 fresh weight, being minimum in C. mexicana and maximum in Ulva fasciata. Green macroalgae showed lowest retinol equivalents (RE) content in C. mexicana (0.962 Â 0.256 μg.g -1 ) and highest in Caulerpa prolifera (9.014 Â 0.442 μg.g -1 ). A 100 g portion of fresh Caulerpa prolifera would provide 100% of the Recommended Daily Ingestion (RDI) of RE. α-Tocopherol was found in all green macroalgae analyzed but Cladophora prolifera. Minimum and maximum content were observed in Codium decorticatum (15.650 Â 2.634 μg.g -1 fresh weight) and Caulerpa prolifera (383.047 Â 85.254 μg.g -1 fresh weight). Regarding tocopherol equivalents (TE), a 100 g portion of fresh Caulerpa prolifera would provide almost four times the RDI and the same amount of Codium decorticatum would provide only 1 /6 RDI. There was no α-carotene in nine Rhodophyta species. The other eleven showed values between 0.487 Â 0.267 μg.g -1 fresh weight in Solieria filiformis and 3.055 Â 0.278 μg.g -1 fresh weight in Botryocladia occidentalis. β-Carotene was found in all red macroalgae analyzed, exhibiting values of 0.336 Â 0.209 and 4.284 Â 0.607 μg.g -1 fresh weight in Gracilaria caudata and Bryothamnion triquetrum, respectively. The lowest RE was observed in G. caudata (0.056 Â 0.035 μg.g -1 ) and the highest in B. triquetrum (0.764 Â 0.109 μg.g -1 ). A 100 g portion of fresh B. triquetrum would provide less than 1 /10 RDI of RE. α-Tocopherol was not detected in eight species of Rhodophyta. In the other twelve, the content varied from 4.809 Â 1.058 to 31.872 Â 5.883 μg.g -1 fresh weight in Gracilaria ferox and Enantiocladia duperreyi, respectively. A 100g portion of fresh E. duperreyi would provide 1 /3 RDI of TE. Species of Phaeophyta contained β-carotene but no α-carotene. The lowest value for β-carotene was found in Dictyopteris delicatula (0.266 Â 0.198 μg.g -1 fresh weight) and the highest in Padina gymnospora (12.230 Â 2.859 μg.g -1 fresh weight). Regarding RE, the content varied from 0.044 Â 0.033 μg.g -1 to 2.038 Â 0.476 μg.g -1 for D. delicatula and P. gymnospora, respectively. A 100 g portion of fresh P. gymnospora would provide 1 /4 RDI of RE. α-Tocopherol was detected in all Phaeophyta species analyzed. The amount of α-tocopherol was 4.722 Â 2.062 μg.g -1 Lobophora variegata fresh weight and 42.817 Â 31.012 μg.g -1 Dictyota dichotoma fresh weight. A 100 g portion of fresh D. dichotoma would provide 1 /2 RDI of TE
Azevedo, Vítor Manuel Madureira. "Lipidomic study of the red marine macroalgae as source of bioactive compounds." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17513.
Full textMarine macroalgae, or seaweeds, have gained an increased interest in recent times for the use in various biotechnological applications, due to the added-value of their chemical constituents. Among them, glycolipids and phospholipids display several commercial applications in a wide spectrum of industries, such as food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic. In an effort to further understand the lipid composition of macroalgae, the present work reports, for the first time, the isolation and characterization of the polar lipid profile of the red macroalgae Porphyra dioica cultivated on a land-based integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system, using a lipidomic-based approach employing hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-eletrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS). The fatty acid profile of this species of seaweed was also determined, accounting for season variability and its life cycle. The polar lipid profile of P. dioica revealed the presence of over 69 molecular species, corresponding to glycolipids (sulfoquinovolsyldiacylglycerols, sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerols, digalactosyldiacylglycerols) and glycerophospholipids (lyso- and phosphatidylglycerols), lyso- and phosphatidylcholines), as well as phytyl derivatives. Some of these polar lipids contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), namely arachidonic acid (C20:4) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5), thus revealing the ability of P. dioica to biosynthesize this long chain PUFAs. P.dioica from the winter season revealed to be richer in PUFA content, accounting for 37.0% of total fatty acid (TFA) content, as opposed to P. dioica from the summer season (25.0% of TFA content). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content was revealed to be being significantly higher in the winter season (25.2% of TFA content). The diploid sporophyte conchocelis phase of P. dioica showed to possess the highest amount of PUFAs (47.0% of TFA content), with arachidonic acid being the most abundant fatty acid (21.2% of TFA content). Several of the lipids identified have been reported to possess nutritional and health benefits, thus allowing the valorisation of P. dioica from IMTA as a source of bioactive compounds, adequate for the use in a wide range of different applications and as a functional food, rich in omega-3 fatty acids.
As macroalgas têm vindo a ganhar um interesse cada vez maior para o uso em diversas aplicações biotecnológicas, devido ao valor acrescentado dos seus diferentes constituintes. Entre estes, os glicolípidos e os fosfolípidos podem ser usados comercialmente em diferentes indústrias, tais como as indústrias alimentar, farmacêutica e cosmética. Com o objetivo de compreender melhor a composição lipídica das macroalgas, o presente trabalho relata, pela primeira vez, a caracterização do perfil de lípidos polares da macroalga vermelha Porphyra dioica, cultivada num sistema de aquacultura multi-trófica integrada (IMTA), utilizando para esse fim uma abordagem lipidómica baseada na espectrometria de massa (HILIC-ESI-MS). Foi também determinado o perfil de ácidos gordos da referida espécie de alga, tendo em consideração a variabilidade sazonal e o seu ciclo de vida. O perfil de lípidos polares da alga P. dioica revelou a presença de mais de 69 espécies moleculares diferentes, correspondendo a classes de glicolípidos (sulfoquinovosildiacilgliceróis, sulfoquinovosilmonoacilgliceróis e digalactosildiacilgliceróis), fosfolípidos (liso- e fosfatidilglicerol, liso- e fosfatidilcolinas) e derivados fitil. Alguns destes lípidos polares contêm ácidos gordos polinsaturados (PUFAs) na sua composição, nomeadamente o ácido araquidónico (C20:4) e ácido eicosapentaenóico (C20:5), revelando, assim, a capacidade da alga P. dioica em biossintetizar este tipo de ácidos gordos polinsaturados de cadeia longa. Considerando a variação sazonal do conteúdo em ácidos gordos, a P. dioica cultivada no inverno revelou ser mais rica em PUFAs, correspondendo a 37.0% do conteúdo total de ácidos gordos, contrariamente à P. dioica cultivada no verão (25.0%). O conteúdo em ácido eicosapentaenóico (EPA) é significativamente maior na estação de inverno (25.2%). O perfil em ácidos gordos também variou com o ciclo de vida P. dioica, sendo que na fase de conchocelis a quantidade de PUFA é significativamente mais elevada (47.0% de conteúdo de ácidos gordos), sendo o ácido araquidónico o ácido gordo mais abundante (21.2% de conteúdo de ácidos gordos).Várias classes de lípidos polares foram identificados como possuindo benefícios nutricionais e para a saúde, permitindo assim a valorização da alga vermelha P. dioica produzida em IMTA como uma fonte de compostos bioativos, adequados para o uso numa grande variedade de aplicações como um alimento funcional, rica em ácidos gordos polinsaturados ómega-3.
Costa, Elisabete Valente da. "High value-added products from macroalgae: lipids as bioactive compounds." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22884.
Full textMarine macroalgae are considered to be interesting for food in Western countries and an important supply of novel natural bioactive compounds. Among these are polar lipids such as glycolipids, betaine lipids and phospholipids recognized as high valued lipids for nutrition and as functional ingredient with recognized health benefits. Its biosynthesis depends on several environmental factors such as seasonality, nutrition and habitat, increasing the structural complexity of macroalga lipidome, so that its identification is a current challenge. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a promising tool successfully applied in the study of lipidomic signature of distinct organisms, which can be extended to identify the hundreds of species in the lipidome of macroalgae, and allow them to finally be explored as potential source of lipids. In this work we aim to identify the lipidome of macroalgae representative of Chlorophyta (Codium tomentosum), Rhodophyta (Gracilaria sp. and Porphyra dioica) and Ochrophyta (Fucus vesiculosus). These algae thrive in the Portuguese coast but are recently being cultivated on an integrated multitrophic aquaculture system (IMTA). The characterization of the lipidome will be performed by using mass spectrometry analysis tools coupled to chromatographic methods. We aim to evaluate the bioactive properties of the polar lipids from macroalgae fostering the potential application of these compounds in function of its biological properties as anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative/antitumor agents. The main goals of this project were achieved after the characterization by using HILIC–MS and MS/MS approaches of the lipid extracts carrying on different extraction protocols. The results of this study allowed to identify about 238 molecular species distributed by twelve classes in the macroalgae Codium tomentosum, 147 molecular species in fourteen classes in Gracilaria sp., 110 molecular species in fourteen classes in Porphyra dioica and 181 molecular species distributed by seventeen classes in Fucus vesiculosus. Overall, the lipidome of these macroalgae included GLs monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG), sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) and its lyso-form (SQMG); phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lyso-PC, phosphatidylglycerol (PG), lyso-PG (LPG), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and betaines (diacylglyceryl trimethyl-homoserine, DGTS). Green macroalgae may be differentiated by the predominance of molecular species including C16 – C20, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as 16:3, 18:3 and 20:5 from n-3 FA family. It contains several molecular species belonging to GLs and betaines including monoacylglyceryl trimethylhomoserine (MGTS), never reported before in the lipidome of macroalga. Red macroalgae are differentiated by molecular species that incorporate C20 FA chains of n-3 and n-6 families, mainly reflected on the composition of GLs.
As macroalgas vermelhas diferenciam-se pelo elevado número de espécies moleculares que incluem cadeias de ácidos gordos C20 da família n-3 e n-6, principalmente na composição dos GLs, e pela presença das classes fosfatidiletanolamina (PE) e inositolfosfoceramida (IPC), apenas identificada nestas algas, pelo que podem ser consideradas um biomarcador deste filo. Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a variação na assinatura lipidómica em duas fases do ciclo de vida (gametófita e esporófita) tomando como alga de estudo a Porphyra dioica. Os resultados obtidos indicaram variações a nível molecular nas classes PC, PA, PE e PG. Em ambas as fases não se observam variações na assinatura dos GLs. O estudo do perfil em ácidos gordos desta alga mostrou que ambas as fases contêm ácidos gordos do tipo 20:4(n-6) e 20:5(n- 3), pelo que apresentam elevado valor nutricional. Na composição da macroalga castanha Fucus vesiculosus, as espécies moleculares combinam diversos ácidos gordos polinsaturados com 18 e 20 átomos de carbono da família n-3 (18:3, 18:4 e 20:5), e 20:4 da família n-6. As algas castanhas apresentam várias espécies moleculares na categoria das betaínas nomeadamente a classe diacilglicerol trimetil-β-alanina (DGTA) e a sua forma liso MGTA, identificada pela primeira vez no lipidoma de macroalgas, ambas não detetadas no lipidoma dos restantes filo. O efeito da sazonalidade na variação da assinatura lipidómica foi estudado para a Fucus vesiculosus colhida em duas estações do ano: inverno e primavera. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o lipidoma desta macroalga mantém o mesmo número de espécies moleculares em todas as classes de lípidos polares, observando-se um aumento da abundância relativa das espécies moleculares que combinam ácidos gordos polinsaturados C18 e C20 (18:3, 18:4, 20:4 e 20:5), em especial nas categorias GLs e betaínas na macroalga de inverno. Assim, podemos concluir que a sazonalidade tem efeito no lipidoma, manifestado pelo aumento de ácidos gordos incorporados nos lípidos polares na macroalga de inverno, muito benéfico em termos nutricionais. Quanto à bioprospecção, avaliaram-se as atividades antiinflamatória e antiproliferativa do extrato lipídico total da macroalga Gracilaria sp.. A atividade anti-inflamatória foi avaliada pela capacidade de inibição dos extratos na produção de NO em macrófagos RAW 264.7 estimulados com o lipopolissacarídeo bacteriano e a atividade anti proliferativa foi testada quanto à capacidade inibitória na proliferação de células T-47D, originadas a partir de um carcinoma ductal humano (cancro da mama) e de células 5637 originadas a partir do carcinoma humano da bexiga. Os extratos totais demonstraram atividade anti-inflamatória e antiproliferativa, pelo que se avaliou o efeito do extrato rico em glicolípidos e a capacidade inibitória na proliferação de células T-47D, verificando-se uma capacidade inibitória da mesma ordem obtida para o extrato total, pelo que poderão ter particular interesse como fitoquímicos. Assim, os resultados obtidos podem contribuir para a valorização das macroalgas como fonte natural e renovável de alimentos, tendo em consideração o valor nutricional como fonte de ácidos gordos n-3 e n-6, e de compostos bioativos a ser utilizados como ingredientes funcionais, fitoquímicos e noutras potenciais aplicações na indústria alimentar e farmacêutica.
Pereira, Dinaelza Castelo. "Efeito dos parâmetros ambientais sobre a macroalga Gracilaria domingensis: estratégias de aclimatação e fotoproteção na espécie." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-19012015-152336/.
Full textIn their natural habitat algae are exposed to simultaneous action of various factors, as radiation (photosynthetically active radiation and ultraviolet), temperature, salinity, nutrient availability and others. The variation in these factors in the natural environment occurs collectively and the algae capability for quick response is determinant for survival. In this work, studies related to the effects of environmental variation on the macroalgae Gracilaria domingensis were performed. Three chromatic strains were cultivated in the sea, at different times of the year (dry and rainy seasons). Biochemical and photosynthetic responses were accessed on a daylight time scale and on a week time scale. The reached results for photosynthetic parameters, pigment content, glutathione concentrations, mycosporine-like amino acids concentrations, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus tissue content, lipids and fatty acids levels and agar yield, revealed the altered biochemical and physiological profile of macroalgae. These changes were environment related and suggest metabolism changes as a strategy used by this organism to acclimate.
Birkett, Daryl Anne. "Effects of light on phosphate uptake by marine macroalgae." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359021.
Full textObata, Oluwatosin Olubunmi. "Molecular biology approach to the anaerobic digestion of macroalgae." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230588.
Full textHill, Timothy Oliver. "Algal zonation in the sublittoral fringe : the importance of competition." Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359188.
Full textSantos, Marina Fernandes Barbosa dos. "Predação, eutrofização e respostas metabólicas em comunidades incrustantes de substratos artificiais na Baía da Ilha Grande, RJ." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5153.
Full textAs comunidades marinhas são afetadas por diversos fatores, que dentro do contexto de estrutura trófica, podem ser divididos em forças bottom-up (forças ascendentes), como por exemplo, a disponibilidade de nutrientes, e forças top-down (forças descendentes), como por exemplo, a predação. Além de modificações na estrutura das comunidades e populações de organismos, essas forças podem influenciar a produção de metabólitos secundários pelos organismos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito das perturbações ambientais geradas pelas manipulações separadas e interativas de exclusão de macropredadores e enriquecimento com nutrientes sobre a estrutura e sobre as respostas metabólicas de comunidades marinhas incrustantes de substratos artificiais no costão rochoso de Biscaia, Baía da Ilha Grande, RJ. O desenho experimental utilizou blocos de concreto como substrato artificial, os quais foram espalhados aleatoriamente na região de infralitoral do costão rochoso. O experimento compreendeu o uso de blocos Controle (ausência de manipulação) e quatro tratamentos, todos com cinco réplicas cada. Os tratamentos foram: tratamento Exclusão de predação (gaiola contra a ação de macropredadores), tratamento Nutriente (sacos de fertilizante de liberação lenta), tratamento Nutriente + exclusão de predação (gaiola contra ação de macropredadores e sacos de fertilizante de liberação lenta) e o tratamento Controle de artefatos (gaiola semifechada para avaliar geração de artefatos). Uma área de 15 x 15 cm do bloco foi monitorada a cada 20 dias, totalizando dez medições. Foram utilizados métodos de monitoramento visual e digital de porcentagem de cobertura por espécie. O enriquecimento com nutrientes foi avaliado através de medições da concentração dos nutrientes Ortofosfato, Nitrato, Nitrito e Amônio na água do entorno do bloco. Para analisar os possíveis artefatos foi realizado experimento de fluxo de água (método Clod card) e a luminosidade dentro das gaiolas foi medida. Os dados demonstraram modificações na estrutura das comunidades bentônicas incrustantes dos substratos artificiais devido às manipulações realizadas, ou seja, pelo enriquecimento com nutrientes, pela exclusão de predação e pela interação entre os dois fatores (Nutriente + exclusão de predação). Além disso, diferenças metabólicas foram detectadas nas substâncias extraídas dos organismos dos diferentes tratamentos do experimento. Esses resultados indicam a existência de controle top-down e bottom-up sobre a comunidade bentônica do local.
Marine communities can be affected by many factors. Within the context of trophic structure, these factors can be divided into bottom-up forces, such as nutrient availability, and top-down forces, for example, predation. In addition to changes in the structure of communities and populations of organisms, these forces can influence the production of secondary metabolites. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of environmental perturbations generated by separate and interactive manipulations of macropredators exclusion and nutrient enrichment on the communitys structure and the metabolic responses of marine fouling communities of artificial substrates in Biscaia rocky shores, Ilha Grande Bay, RJ. The experimental design used concrete blocks as artificial substrate. The blocks were randomly scattered in the sub tidal region of the rocky shore. The experiment involved the use of Control blocks (no manipulation) and four treatments with five replicates each. The treatments were: Predator Exclusion treatment (cages excluding macropredators), Nutrient treatment (packs with slow-releasing fertilizer), Nutrient + predator exclusion treatment (cage excluding macropredators and packs with slow-releasing fertilizer), and Artifacts control treatment (semi-closed cage to assess artifacts effects). An area of 15 x 15 cm of each block was monitored every 20 days, totaling ten measurements. Visual and digital species percentage coverage methods were used. To assess nutrient water enrichment, we measured concentration of nutrients (orthophosphate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) in the water. To evaluate possible cages experimental artifacts, a water flow test (Clod card method) was performed, and luminosity inside the cages was measured. Data demonstrated changes in the structure of fouling communities on artificial substrates due to the manipulations performed, i.e., the nutrient enrichment, predation exclusion and the interaction between these two factors (Nutrient + predator exclusion). Moreover, differences were observed in substances extracted from organisms in different treatments of the experiment. These results indicate the existence of top-down and bottom-up controls on the benthic community of this site.
Boller, Michael Louis. "Hydrodynamics of marine macroalgae : biotic and physical determinants of drag /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3188836.
Full textKay, Elizabeth. "Photosynthesis and inorganic carbon accumulating mechanisms in marine intertidal macroalgae." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/494.
Full textGalarno, Ashton J. "Coral vs. Macroalgae: Relative Susceptibility to Sedimentation and Ocean Warming." NSUWorks, 2017. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/450.
Full textPhelps, Charlie. "Predicting the impact of future climate on ecologically important macroalgae." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1785.
Full textBrunet, Maéva. "Metabolic and ecological strategies of specialist bacteria mediating macroalgae breakdown." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS316.
Full textHeterotrophic bacteria are key players in algal biomass recycling. Numerous works focused on the degradation of purified algal polysaccharides and discovered new enzymes and catabolic pathways. However, this strategy does not reflect the structural complexity of the algal extracellular matrix. In this thesis I implemented diverse approaches to decipher the ecological and metabolic strategies of bacteria specialized in the utilization of fresh macroalgae. I evidenced a succession of the epiphytic microbiota during in situ macroalgae decomposition. The presence of the known algal-polysaccharides degrader genus Zobellia was assessed on diverse macroalgae. Its abundance was season-dependent and particularly high on decaying algae. I demonstrated that Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT has the capacity to use fresh brown algae as a sole carbon source, highlighting a specific pioneer degrader behaviour. The analysis of its transcriptome revealed the induction of a subset of genes, including novel uncharacterized polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs), specifically induced with intact algae. The preliminary characterization of one of these PULs demonstrated its role in the degradation of fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides and led to the discovery of novel enzymatic activities in Z. galactanivorans. Co-culture experiments showed that Z. galactanivorans supported the growth of Tenacibaculum spp. with macroalgae, bringing out cooperative interactions between pioneer and opportunist bacteria. By studying macroalgae degradation mechanisms at different scales, this thesis contributes to unveil the strategies of heterotrophic marine bacteria in the fate of macroalgal biomass
Zhang, Rui. "Converting macroalgal biomass into biomaterials and applications." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20122.
Full textLopes, Pedro Henrique Martins. "Estudos de Cultura de Tecidos, In Vitro, de Macroalgas Marinhas da EspÃcie Gracilaria birdiae." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6571.
Full textMacroalgas marinhas constituem um recurso vital para a economia de diversos paÃses e tem sido exploradas ao redor do globo devido a sua capacidade de produÃÃo de fico colÃides como o Ãgar, carragenina e alginatos, bem como pelo seu espectro de utilizaÃÃo, seja na indÃstria de alimentos, de fertilizantes e na medicina. Estudos sobre a induÃÃo, cultivo e reorganizaÃÃo de calos, tem representado um importante papel nas tÃcnicas de cultura de tecidos e suas aplicaÃÃes. Em diferentes tecidos cultivados in vitro, a utilizaÃÃo de reguladores de crescimento à de importÃncia primordial para o estabelecimento da competÃncia e determinaÃÃo, condiÃÃes necessÃrias para a formaÃÃo de calos e regeneraÃÃes. No presente estudo foram testados os efeitos de uma auxina e de uma citocinina, em diferentes concentraÃÃes de Ãgar em meio ASP 12-NTA. O efeito do Ãcido indolacÃtico (AIA) e da 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) foram testados em explantes de macroalgas de espÃcie Gracilaria birdiae, em separado, com duas concentraÃÃes de 0,5 mg/L e 0,8 mg/L e em conjunto, nas concentraÃÃes de 1:5 mg/L e 5:1 mg/L. Com relaÃÃo a concentraÃÃo de Ãgar, foram testadas duas concentraÃÃes, com 0,5% e 0,8% para todos os tratamentos. Para o processo de esterilizaÃÃo foram aplicados um fungicida (nistatina) e um antibiÃtico (ciprofloxacina), alÃm de iodopovidona e hipoclorito de sÃdio. Todo o experimento foi conduzido em cÃmara de germinaÃÃo, com temperatura de 25  2oC e fotoperÃodo de 16hs de luz e 08hs escuro, salinidade de 30  2â e pH em torno de 7,6, durante aproximadamente 60 dias. Ao final de 50 dias de cultivo, foi observada a formaÃÃo de calos e de processos de regeneraÃÃo indireta dos mesmos. Os resultados foram submetidos a tratamentos estatÃsticos de anÃlise de contigÃncia atravÃs do Quiquadrado (χ2 ), onde foram observadas diferenÃas significativas entre a incidÃncia de calos e regeneraÃÃes e os nÃveis de Ãgar estudados. Ou seja, nos tratamentos onde foram utilizados nÃveis de Ãgar de 0,8%, apresentaram o maior nÃmero de regeneraÃÃes
Seaweed consists in a vital resource to the economy of many countries and it has been explored all over the world thanks to its capacity of producing colloids such as agar, carrageen and sodium alginate as well as the useful aspect either in food industry, fertilizers or medicine area. Studies on induction, cultivation and callus reorganization have been shown an important issue on tissue culture technique and its usage. In different tissue experience in vitro the usage of regulating growth is so fundamental to establish the competence and necessary conditions to callus formation and regeneration. In this present study has been tested the auxin and citocinin effects in different dosages of agar in ASP 12-NTA. The indolacetic acid effect and 6- benzilalaminopurine have been tested as well in seaweed in the species Gracilaria birdiae with two separated doses, 0,5mg/L and 0,8mg/L and together in concentration of 1:5mg/L and 5;1mg/L. Regarding to agar concentration, it has been tested two concentrations with 0,5% and 0,8% in all treatments. As to sterilization process has been done with fungicide (nistatina) and antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) besides iodopovidona and the sodium hypochlorite. The complete experiment had been lead in a germination chamber with 25Â2ÂC and photoperiod of more or less 16 hs of light and 08hs dark and 30,2â saltiness, pH around 7,6 within 60 days approximately. In more or less 50 days of cultivation had been noticed callus formation and regeneration process therein. The results had been underwent by statistic analyze treatments of contingent through (x2) where many meaningful different observations had been checked in callus and regeneration and the agar levels studied, that is to say the agar level treatments in 0,8% presented a major number of regeneration
Lucena, Leidson Allan Ferreira de. "Estrutura e composição de macroalgas de manguezais hipersalinos do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil: Diversidade e suas correlações com as variáveis ambientais." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2467.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Marine and coastal environments in the world have been facing in the last years a notable environmental degradation process. Macroalgae are the main constituent phytobenthics communities, and they are essentials to the establishment of balance and resilience these ecosystems. The mangroves swamps are coastal environments and may be ecotones, because they are an interposition of continental and marine environments overlap, in scalar patterns. The organisms found have become resistants with the strong transition that occur, such as Bostrychietum macroalgae, where they have formed the most homogeneous communities of mangroves swamps wide world. However, the mangrove swamps typically fall within one of two broad categories of classification: mainland or oceanic island. The mainland mangroves are home biological communities resistants with the strong phisico-chemical variations, and of oceanic island mangroves form on shallow banks or in lagoonal areas well separated from the mainland. In Brazil, mangroves swamps are solely of type mainland, which form the major area these forests in the coastal South America. This ecosystemic pattern is normally associate with fluvial systems – the estuaries, and is combined with many biological disorders, such as salinity and flooding tolerance. The estuarines environments which gives different environments in biological diversity, where can check trait plasticity between population. The estuaries can be classified in three categories: Positives, Low -Inflow and Negatives. Brazilian mangroves there are solely Positives Estuaries where the addition of freshwater river, discharge and thaw exceed the loss by evaporation or freezing, where longitudinal density gradients that drive a net volume output to the ocean. But in semi-arid region, Northeast of Brazil, there are some ecosystemics patterns. The estuarine-mangals show negative characters that are hypersaline and/or reverse, because the flow of freshwater systems are barely making them with a longitudinal density gradient with the opposite sign in relation the positive estuaries and salt concentrations rarely exceed 50. Two rivers (Casqueira and Shark rivers), located in setentrional coast of Rio Grande do Norte state, Macau city, have shown how negatives estuaries (hypersaline and reverse), and are composition species of macroalgae many specific and have a very dynamic environment. A pilot study conducted in April 2010 have been showing one ficoflora visually diverse, that have colonized muddy substrates in great abundance unusually and then resembles those typically found in marine environments typical. To contribute to the scientific knowledge of macroalgae found, this study has as main objective: to do a investigation about composition and structure macroalgae of two hypersaline mangroves, so to observe the effects of hipersalinity and physic-chemical patterns in the dynamics of algal communities. Therefore, this work establishes a comparative relationship between communities and population of seaweeds this environments.
Os ambientes costeiros e marinhos no mundo vem sofrendo um considerável processo de degradação nos últimos anos. As macroalgas, principais constituintes das comunidades fitobentônicas, são fundamentais para o estabelecimento do equilíbrio e resiliência dos ecossistemas nestes ambientes. Em padrões escalares, os manguezais são ambientes costeiros e podem ser considerados ecótonos, por haver uma interposição de ambientes continental e marinho sobrepostos. Os organismos existentes nestes ambientes tornam-se resistentes a forte transição que ocorre, a exemplo as macroalgas do grupo “Bostrychietum”, que formam comunidades homogêneas na maioria dos manguezais do mundo. Os manguezais podem estar distribuídos em duas categorias: os continentais, que abrigam comunidades biológicas resistentes às fortes variações físico - químicas, e as de ilhas oceânicas que formam bancos de águas rasas ou áreas lagunares bem separadas do continente. No Brasil, os manguezais são exclusivamente do tipo continentais, exceção os de Fernando de Noronha, com a maior área costeira na América do Sul. Este padrão ecossistêmico normalmente está associado a sistemas fluviais que são os estuários e é associado a diversos distúrbios biológicos, a exemplo das variações da salinidade; o que confere ambientes distintos em diversidade biológica, conferindo plasticidade fenotípica entre as populações. Os estuários podem ser classificados de três tipos: Positivos, “Low-Inflow” e Negativos. Manguezais brasileiros estão comumente associados a estuários Positivos que são aqueles em que a adição de água doce do rio, chuva, descarga e derretimento do gelo excedem a perda por evaporação ou congelamento, estabelecendo um gradiente de densidade longitudinal em que dirige um volume líquido de saída para o oceano. Porém, na região semi -árida do Nordeste brasileiro, ocorrem algumas particularidades ecossistêmicas. Os ambientes mangue-estuarinos demonstram características hipersalinas, sendo também considerados negativos e/ou inversos, pois, por situarem em regiões áridas e semi- áridas, a vazão de água doce nesses sistemas é praticamente nula o que os tornam com um gradiente de densidade longitudinal com o sinal oposto em relação aos estuários positivos e as concentrações de sal raramente inferiores a 42. Dois manguezais (Rio Casqueira e Tubarão), localizados no litoral setentrional do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, município de Macau, revelaram-se de caráter negativo e hipersalinos, além de serem bastante peculiares em termos de composição de espécies macroalgais e da própria dinâmica do ambiente. Um estudo-piloto realizado no mês de Abril de 2010 revelou uma ficoflora visualmente diversa, que atipicamente coloniza substratos lamacentos em grande abundância e que se assemelha àquelas tipicamente encontradas em ambientes marinhos típicos. Visando contribuir com o conhecimento científico acerca das macroalgas encontradas, o presente estudo tem como principal objetivo: realizar uma investigação da composição e estrutura da comunidade de macroalgas de dois manguezais hipersalinos no intuito de observar os efeitos da hipersalinidade sob padrões físico-químicos na dinâmica das comunidades algais, estabelecendo uma relação comparativa entre as populações e comunidades de algas marinhas dos ambientes estudados.
Pires, Kelma Maria dos Santos. "Avaliação sazonal de carotenóides provitamina A (α– e β– caroteno) e vitamina E (α–tocoferol) em macroalgas marinhas pertencentes a família Caulerpacea (Divisão Chlorophyta)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18443.
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Marine macroalgae are sources of a great variety of beneficial compounds such as minerals, dietary fibers and vitamins. The aim of this work was to verify seasonal variation upon both provitamin A carotenoids (α- and β-carotene) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) contents in five species of the marine green macroalga Caulerpa both fresh and oven-dried at 40°C for 15 h. The contents in dried algae were compared to those in fresh algae to evaluate the losses after drying. Algal material was collected monthly from January to December 2006, in Pacheco Beach, Caucaia, Ceará. Analyses of α- and β-carotene and α-tocopherol were carried out in extracts 1:10 (p/v) for fresh alga and 1:20 (p/v) for dried alga using aqueous methanol (90:10, v/v). They were saponified with 5% KOH and partitioned into n-hexane, which was then evaporated. The residues were suspended in 1 mL methanol prior to HPLC analyses. Aliquots of 100 μL were injected in a HPLC system consisting of a Waters Spherisorb-Hichrom S5 ODS-2 column (4.6 x 250 mm) and a mobile phase of methanol:tetrahydrofurane (90:10, v/v), delivered at 1.5 mL min-1. The detector was set at 450 nm for α- and β-carotene and 290 nm for α-tocopherol. Chromatograms were registered at UnicornTM version 5.0. All samples showed α- and β-carotene and α-tocopherol, but their distribution along the year was variable. In general, the contents of α-carotene were greater than those of β-carotene. The losses of α- and β-carotene varied between 10% and 94%. In order to be considered an excellent source of vitamin A, the daily consumption would be 52 g to 689 g of fresh alga or 42 g to 469 g of dried alga. α-Tocopherol was detected in all samples except in dried C. racemosa collected in March. Similar to the distribution of α- and β-carotene along the year, α-tocopherol contents varied too. Losses varied from 22% to 91%. Daily portions to supply 50% of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) would be 11 g to 168 g of fresh alga or 13 g to 70 g of dried alga. Amounts of vitamin A (retinol equivalents) and vitamin E (tocopherol equivalents) in all algae analyzed were not very different from most vegetables normally consumed
As algas marinhas são fontes de uma grande variedade de compostos benéficos para o homem, dentre os quais se destacam os minerais, as fibras dietárias e as vitaminas (A, B, C e E). O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a existência de variação sazonal nos teores de α- e β-caroteno (carotenóides provitamina A) e de α-tocoferol (vitamina E), em cinco espécies de macroalgas marinhas pertencentes ao gênero Caulerpa (Família Caulerpaceae, Divisão Chlorophyta), “in natura” e desidratada. Os conteúdos desses nutrientes nas algas desidratadas foram comparados com aqueles nas algas “in natura”, com o objetivo de verificar se houve alteração pelo processo de desidratação. As espécies de macroalgas marinhas foram coletadas mensalmente, de janeiro a dezembro de 2006, durante as marés baixas na Praia do Pacheco, Caucaia- CE. As análises de α- e β-caroteno e α-tocoferol foram realizadas a partir da extração da alga em metanol-água (90:10) nas proporções 1:10 (p/v), nas amostras “in natura”, e 1:20 (p/v), nas desidratadas, saponificação com hidróxido de potássio 5% por 30 min a 70°C e partição em n-hexano que foi evaporado sob corrente de ar. O resíduo foi suspenso em 1 mL de metanol no momento da análise cromatográfica e 100 μL foram injetados manualmente. O sistema cromatográfico consistiu em uma coluna Waters Spherisorb-Hichrom S5ODS-2 (4,6 x 250 mm) e uma fase móvel constituída de metanol:tetrahidrofurano (90:10, v/v), com fluxo de 1,5 mL min-1. O detector foi ajustado em 450 nm e 292 nm e os cromatogramas registrados através do sistema UnicornTM versão 5.0. Todas as espécies de Caulerpa “in natura” e desidratadas analisadas no presente trabalho apresentaram tanto α-caroteno quanto β-caroteno e as suas distribuições mostraram diferenças ao longo dos doze meses de coleta. De um modo geral, os teores de α-caroteno foram superiores aos de β-caroteno. As perdas nos conteúdos de carotenóides provitamina oscilaram entre 10% e 94%. Para que as algas analisadas neste trabalho fossem consideradas fontes excelentes de vitamina A seria necessário que as porções consumidas diariamente variassem de 52 g a 689 g, quando consumidas “in natura” ou de 42 g a 469 g, quando desidratadas. As cinco espécies analisadas neste trabalho apresentaram α-tocoferol, tanto nas amostras “in natura” quanto nas desidratadas, com exceção de C. racemosa coletada em março que após ser submetida a secagem não foi detectado α- tocoferol, e sua distribuição foi variável ao longo do ano. Nos teores de α- tocoferol foi observado perdas que variaram de 22 a 91%. As porções que deveriam ser consumidas diariamente para que as espécies de Caulerpa estudadas fossem capazes de fornecer 1/2 da IDR são relativamente pequenas, devendo oscilar entre 11 g e 168 g, quando “in natura”, ou entre 13 g e 70 g, quando desidratadas. As quantidades de retinol equivalente e α-tocoferol equivalente nas algas analisadas no presente trabalho não diferiram muito daquelas encontradas nos vegetais normalmente consumidos
Sousa, Márcia Barbosa de. "Extração e quantificação de α-Caroteno, β-Caroteno e α-Tocoferol em macroalgas marinhas utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência em fase reversa." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2005. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18485.
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The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of 32 marine macroalga species belonging to Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Phaeophyta as sources of α-carotene, β-carotene and α-tocopherol. Both α-carotene and β-carotene were found in all species of green macroalgae analyzed. The content of α-carotene varied from 0.814 ± 0.256 to 71.378 ± 3.550 μg.g -1 fresh weight, being maximum in algae belonging to Caulerpa genus and minimum in Codium decorticatum. The amount of β-carotene varied from 2.322 ± 0.736 to 26.705 ± 7.398 μg.g -1 fresh weight, being minimum in C. mexicana and maximum in Ulva fasciata. Green macroalgae showed lowest retinol equivalents (RE) content in C. mexicana (0.962 ± 0.256 μg.g -1 ) and highest in Caulerpa prolifera (9.014 ± 0.442 μg.g -1 ). A 100 g portion of fresh Caulerpa prolifera would provide 100% of the Recommended Daily Ingestion (RDI) of RE. α-Tocopherol was found in all green macroalgae analyzed but Cladophora prolifera. Minimum and maximum content were observed in Codium decorticatum (15.650 ± 2.634 μg.g -1 fresh weight) and Caulerpa prolifera (383.047 ± 85.254 μg.g -1 fresh weight). Regarding tocopherol equivalents (TE), a 100 g portion of fresh Caulerpa prolifera would provide almost four times the RDI and the same amount of Codium decorticatum would provide only 1 /6 RDI. There was no α-carotene in nine Rhodophyta species. The other eleven showed values between 0.487 ± 0.267 μg.g -1 fresh weight in Solieria filiformis and 3.055 ± 0.278 μg.g -1 fresh weight in Botryocladia occidentalis. β-Carotene was found in all red macroalgae analyzed, exhibiting values of 0.336 ± 0.209 and 4.284 ± 0.607 μg.g -1 fresh weight in Gracilaria caudata and Bryothamnion triquetrum, respectively. The lowest RE was observed in G. caudata (0.056 ± 0.035 μg.g -1 ) and the highest in B. triquetrum (0.764 ± 0.109 μg.g -1 ). A 100 g portion of fresh B. triquetrum would provide less than 1 /10 RDI of RE. α-Tocopherol was not detected in eight species of Rhodophyta. In the other twelve, the content varied from 4.809 ± 1.058 to 31.872 ± 5.883 μg.g -1 fresh weight in Gracilaria ferox and Enantiocladia duperreyi, respectively. A 100g portion of fresh E. duperreyi would provide 1 /3 RDI of TE. Species of Phaeophyta contained β-carotene but no α-carotene. The lowest value for β-carotene was found in Dictyopteris delicatula (0.266 ± 0.198 μg.g -1 fresh weight) and the highest in Padina gymnospora (12.230 ± 2.859 μg.g -1 fresh weight). Regarding RE, the content varied from 0.044 ± 0.033 μg.g -1 to 2.038 ± 0.476 μg.g -1 for D. delicatula and P. gymnospora, respectively. A 100 g portion of fresh P. gymnospora would provide 1 /4 RDI of RE. α-Tocopherol was detected in all Phaeophyta species analyzed. The amount of α-tocopherol was 4.722 ± 2.062 μg.g -1 Lobophora variegata fresh weight and 42.817 ± 31.012 μg.g -1 Dictyota dichotoma fresh weight. A 100 g portion of fresh D. dichotoma would provide 1 /2 RDI of TE
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de 32 espécies de algas marinhas das divisões Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta e Phaeophyta como fontes de α-, β-caroteno e α-tocoferol. Todas as Chlorophyta apresentaram α- e β-caroteno. O teor de α-caroteno variou de 0,814 ± 0,256 a 71,378 ± 3,550 μg.g -1 peso fresco, sendo mais elevado no gênero Caulerpa e mais baixo em Codium decorticatum. O teor de β-caroteno variou de 2,322 ± 0,736 a 26,705 ± 7,398 μg.g -1 peso fresco, sendo mínimo em C. mexicana e máximo em Ulva fasciata. Com relação ao retinol equivalente (RE), as algas verdes apresentaram mínimo em C. mexicana (0,962 ± 0,256 μg.g -1 ) e máximo em Caulerpa prolifera (9,014 ± 0,442 μg.g -1 ). Considerando a ingestão de 100 g de alga fresca por dia, uma porção de Caulerpa prolifera forneceria 100% da ingestão diária recomendada (IDR). Todas as Chlorophyta apresentaram α-tocoferol, exceto Cladophora prolifera. Os teores mínimo e máximo foram 15,650 ± 2,634 e 383,047 ± 85,254 μg.g -1 peso fresco em Codium decorticatum e Caulerpa prolifera, respectivamente. Com relação ao tocoferol equivalente (TE), a ingestão diária de 100 g de Caulerpa prolifera fresca forneceria quase quatro vezes mais que a IDR e a mesma porção de Codium decorticatum seria responsável por apenas 1 /6 da IDR. Dentre as Rhodophyta estudadas, nove não apresentaram α-caroteno. Nas outras onze, o seu teor oscilou de 0,487 ± 0,267 μg.g -1 em Solieria filiformis a 3,055 ± 0,278 μg.g -1 peso fresco em Botryocladia occidentalis. β-Caroteno foi encontrado em todas as espécies de algas vermelhas com valores mínimo e máximo de 0,336 ± 0,209 e 4,284 ± 0,607 μg.g -1 de peso fresco em Gracilaria caudata e Bryothamnion triquetrum, respectivamente. Com relação ao RE, foi observado valor mínimo em Gracilaria caudata (0,056 ± 0,035 μg.g -1 ) e máximo em Bryothamnion triquetrum (0,764 ± 0,109 μg.g -1 ). Uma porção de 100 g de Bryothamnion triquetrum fresca forneceria um pouco mais de 1 /10 da IDR. Oito espécies de Rhodophyta estudadas não apresentaram α-tocoferol. Nas outras doze, seu conteúdo oscilou entre 4,809 ± 1,058 e 31,872 ± 5,883 μg.g -1 peso fresco, em Gracilaria ferox e Enantiocladia duperreyi, respectivamente. Em relação ao TE, a ingestão diária de 100 g da alga E. duperreyi fresca forneceria 1 /3 da IDR. As Phaeophyta estudadas apresentaram apenas β-caroteno, com valores mínimo e máximo em Dictyopteris delicatula e Padina gymnospora, iguais a 0,266 ± 0,198 e 12,230 ± 2,859 μg.g -1 peso fresco, respectivamente. Com relação ao RE, o teor mínimo foi observado em Dictyopteris delicatula (0,044 ± 0,033 μg.g -1 ) e máximo em Padina gymnospora (2,038 ± 0,476 μg.g -1 ). Considerando a ingestão diária de 100 g de alga fresca, uma porção de P. gymnospora seria responsável por 1 /4 da IDR. As Phaeophyta apresentaram α-tocoferol, com valor mínimo em Lobophora variegata igual a 4,722 ± 2,062 μg.g -1 peso fresco e máximo em Dictyota dichotoma, igual a 42,817 ± 31,012 μg.g -1 peso fresco. Considerando a ingestão de 100 g de alga fresca por dia, uma porção de Dictyota dichotoma forneceria 1 /2 da IDR de TE
Júnior, Cícero Alves Lima. "Ritmos circadianos em Gracilaria birdiae (Rhodophyta): oscilação do desempenho fotossintético e caracterização enzimática da nitrato redutase." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-26042013-153410/.
Full textCircadian rhythms control most of physiological processes, including nitrate assimilation. This nutrient is the most incorporated form of nitrogen by marine plants and its assimilation is made by the nitrate reductase enzyme (NR) that is highly regulated in all levels expression, since mRNA transcription until protein degradation. Many factors coordinate this regulation, including the nitrate itself, light glutamate, kinases and by transcription factors of the central oscillator of the circadian rhythms. Photosynthesis also plays an especial role in NR regulation through carbon skeleton and NADPH synthesis that allows the last step of nitrate assimilation: glutamate synthesis. Gracilaria birdiae is an endemic marine rhodophyte from Brazil that still lacks physiological and molecular studies despite its extensively exploitation for agar-agar extraction. This study aimed the development of a large scale enzymatic assay of NR (NRA) and the analysis of daily oscillation of photosynthesis performance for G. birdiae. The algae, collected ant Rio Grande do Norte state, was isolated to a unialgal level and presented an average of relative daily growth rate of 6.5% in laboratory. The new protocol here described proposes the following adaptations for NRA: sampling of 20 mg instead of 100 mg, 100 µL of crude extract rather than 1 mL, NRA in 50 µL in place of 1 mL and reaction stop with sulphanilamide instead of an EtOH/ZnSO4 system. These changes allow the assay of the semi-purified NR of 24 samples all with its experimental and biological triplicates and negative control in 3 hours. Phosphate buffer at pH 8, 25°C, 60 minutes of incubation, 1.25 mMol of nitrate and 50 µMol of NADH. The maximum activity was 5.4 ± 0.7 nMol.min-1.mg-1 of protein and a KM of 6 ± 2.2 µMol.L-1 for NADH and of 109 ± 11 µMol.L-1 for nitrate. NR didn\'t show any activity in the presence of only NADPH as the electron donor and showed and 48 times greater activity in the new protocol, compared to the old one. We describe here an accurate and reproducible method for large scale NRA that can be used in comparative studies of NR kinetics or in biological rhythms of NR. The analysis of photosynthetic performance, made in 15 mg sampling of algal biomass, was characterized through chlorophyll fluorescence, revealing the maximum values of these parameters: relative electrons transfer rate (rETR) of 15,29 µMol elétrons.m-2.s-1, photosynthetic efficiency (the alpha parameter) of 0,37 photons/electrons, the saturating irradiance (IK) was 41.32 µE.m-2.s-1 and there was photoinhibition below the irradiance of 300 µE.m-2.s-1. The only variable that oscillated during the continuous light experiment and maintained the 24-hour period was the Alfa parameter, besides its 50% lower amplitude. This oscillation can be due to an endogenous control of the central circadian oscillator into proteins or pigments bound to the photosystem II, influencing the capacity of photon-electron transformation. At the same time, the acclimation to constant light could have driven the algae to a damping of pigment production and photoxidation, what explains the fall of alpha average values. G. birdiae is an alga with great economic and ecological relevance and this study confirms the potential for its establishment as a model organism.
Hyslop, Brian T. "The effects of colliery waste on littoral species and communities." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320539.
Full textScholfield, Claire Ingrid. "Molecular Taxonomy of the Rhodophyta." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310158.
Full textWilliams, Ivor D. "Macroalgal domination of Caribbean coral reefs : influences of herbivores, space availability and management." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323484.
Full textLincoln, Ruth Andrea. "Studies on bioactive compounds from algae and cyanobacteria." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303440.
Full textSchild, Rebecca. "Evaluation of techniques for the biomonitoring of pollutants in members of the Ulvaceae." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2667.
Full textMvungi, Esther Francis. "Seagrasses and Eutrophication : Interactions between seagrass photosynthesis, epiphytes, macroalgae and mussels." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Botaniska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-55808.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Papers 1, 3 and 4: Submitted. Paper 2: Manuscript.
Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation (Sida/SAREC) marine bilateral programme
Levy, Alexander L. "The influence of mobile macroalgae on the erosion of cohesive sediments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54532.pdf.
Full textRedden, Hilary Louise. "Seasonal aspects relating to the use of macroalgae as a biofuel." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2200.
Full textXing, Qikun. "Deciphering the oxylipin signaling pathways during defense responses in brown macroalgae." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS536.
Full textOxylipins are oxygenated compounds derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), found in many organisms. In land plants and animals, they are known to have regulating roles in growth and in response to various stresses. Brown algae have developed unique oxylipin pathways, using both C18- and C20- type PUFAs. However, the role and regulation of oxylipin pathways during defense responses are largely unclear in brown algae. In my PhD thesis, I conducted large transcriptomic analyses in order to decipher the molecular responses of two kelps species, Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata during biotic interactions, in relationships with the induction of oxylipin pathways. The transcriptomic analysis was performed on a kelp-endophyte co-cultivation bioassay and oligoguluronate elicitation. Among differentially expressed genes, several genes putatively involved in oxylipin pathways were identified with diverse expression patterns. During the elicitation, one putative cytochrome P450 (CYP)-encoding gene was induced at 1 h and 12 h, suggesting that oxylipin pathways in S. latissima might be induced at least two times. The result of metabolite profiling showed an early production of putative C18 oxylipins and the putative alternative role of C20 oxylipin pathways during the elicitation. Finally, the biological function of several oxylipins and aldehydes were tested on targeted gene or metabolite inductions in S. latissima and L. digitata. Altogether, these results led to the partial reconstruction of oxylipin pathways and provide a better understanding of their regulation during defense responses in kelps
Guthrie, Iain. "An ecological investigation of the freshwater macroalgae of the Molenaars River." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26091.
Full textAlbakosh, Mouna Abdalhamed. "Identification and characterization of microorganisms associated with marine macroalgae Splachnidium rugosum." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4711.
Full textMarine macroalgae are known to carry diverse bacterial communities which interact with their hosts in both harmful and beneficial ways. Algae hosts provide the bacteria with a rich source of carbon in the form of carbohydrate polysaccharides such as fucoidan, agar and alginate, which the bacteria enzymatically degrade. Splachnidium rugosum is a brown alga (Phylum: Phaeophyta) that grows exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere along the temperate shores of South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. While several studies have investigated S. rugosum distribution and fucoidan production, the microbiome of S. rugosum remains largely uncharacterized. Thus, the major objective of the present study was to isolate, identify and characterize epiphytic bacterial communities associated with S. rugosum. Algae were sourced from Rooi Els (Western Cape, South Africa) during winter 2012. Culture based methods relied on a range of selective marine media including marine agar, nutrient sea water agar, nutrient agar and thiosulfate-citrate-bile-salts-sucrose agar to determine the composition and uniqueness of bacterial communities associated with S. rugosum. Epiphytic isolates were identified to species level by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and encompassed 39 Gram-negative and 2 Grampositive bacterial taxa. Isolates were classified into four phylogenetic groups, Gamma - Proteobacteria, Alpha-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes. Bacteria belonging to the phylum Gamma-Proteobacteria were the most abundant, with Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas being the dominant genera. Three isolates with low sequence identity (˂97%) to their closest relatives could possibly represent novel species. These isolates were grouped into the genera Shewanella, Sphingomonas and Sulfitobacter. All bacterial isolates (41) were screened for antimicrobial activity against the following test strains: Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Mycobacterium smegmatis Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas putida. Fifteen isolates (36%) displayed antimicrobial activity against one or more of the test strains, while one isolate (Pseudomonas species) showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against all the test strains except for E. coli. This study provides the first account of the diversity and composition of bacterial populations on the surface of S. rugosum, and demonstrates the ability of these bacteria to produce antimicrobial compounds. Despite recent advances in metagenomics, this study highlights the fact that traditional culturing technologies remain a valuable tool for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds of bacterial origin.
CHEMELLO, Silvia. "Brown macroalgae transplantation as habitat restoration technique: methods, effectiveness, and concerns." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/395281.
Full textSousa, MÃrcia Barbosa de. "ComposiÃÃo centesimal e variaÃÃo do teor de vitaminas em macroalgas marinhas verdes Ulva fasciata e U. lactuca (Ulvales,Chlorophyta), coletadas na Praia do Pacheco, Caucaia-CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7523.
Full textMarine macroalgae have been shown to possess high amounts of proteins, dietary fibers, minerals and lipossoluble vitamins, and a relatively low lipid content, although the constituent fatty acids are highly unsaturated. Most of these compounds vary with regard to the time of year and ecological conditions, which may stimulate or inhibit the biosynthesis of these nutrients. Carotenoids are accessory pigments found in marine macroalgae, involved in the capture of sunlight and photoprotection. Vitamin E is the generic term used to refer to a group of substances found in nature, tocopherols and tocotrienols, which present different degrees of vitaminic activity. In macroalgae, tocopherols are found in the chloroplast membrane, predominantly as alpha-tocopherol, protecting the photosynthetic apparatus. The aim of this thesis was to analyze the centesimal composition (total protein, lipids, ash and carbohydrates) and seasonal variation of the vitamin content in the species Ulva fasciata and U. lactuca, collected on Pacheco Beach in Caucaia, CearÃ, in 2007 during low tides. The material was divided in two portions of approximately 100 g each. The first portion was macerated with liquid nitrogen until the algal powder was obtained, and was used for the quantification of alpha- and beta-carotene, and alpha- and delta-tocopherol. The other portion was dehydrated in an oven at 40ÂC for 15 h, ground into a fine powder, and used for the determination of the centesimal composition and for the extraction and quantification of carotenoids provitamin A (alpha- and beta-carotene) and tocopherols (alpha- and delta-tocopherol). In the study of carotenes and tocopherols, the âin naturaâ and dehydrated algal material were submitted to extraction with methanol, saponification with potassium hydroxide, and partition with n-hexane. For the chromatographic analysis, a Waters Spherisorb S5 ODS-2 (4.6 x 250 mm) column was used, with MeOH: THF (95:5, v/v) as the mobile phase, delivered at 1.5 mL min-1. The monitor was adjusted to 450 and 292 nm for the simultaneous reading of carotenes and tocopherols. The species analyzed presented total protein, carbohydrate, and ash content which varied along the year. The lipid content was low throughout. In the U. fasciata e U. lactuca âin naturaâ and dehydrated samples, the presence of alpha- and beta-carotene was detected in varying quantities during the twelve month collection period. The lowest carotenoid contents were detected in October and November in U. fasciata and U. lactuca âin naturaâ, coinciding with the increased solar radiation. The isomers alpha- and delta-tocopherol were detected in varying amounts throughout the year in the U. fasciata and U. lactuca species âin naturaâ and dehydrated. No immediately evident relation was found between the alpha- and delta-tocopherol contents and coloration, plant age, or increased or decreased solar radiation.
Mamboya, Florence Alex. "Heavy metal contamination and toxicity : Studies of Macroalgae from the Tanzanian Coast." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Botany, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6818.
Full textRohde, Sven [Verfasser]. "Defense induction in marine macroalgae: Its prevalence, capabilities and limitations / Sven Rohde." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1019552956/34.
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