Academic literature on the topic 'Macroalgae biomass'
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Journal articles on the topic "Macroalgae biomass"
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Farobie, Obie, Novi Syaftika, Edy Hartulistiyoso, Apip Amrullah, Asep Bayu, Navid R. Moheimani, Yukihiko Matsumura, and Surachai Karnjanakom. "The Potential of Sustainable Biogas Production from Macroalgae in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1038, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1038/1/012020.
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Abstract Indonesia is the second world’s major macroalgae producer after China, contributing to 28% of the global macroalgae production. Indonesia increased its macroalgae farming output from less than 4 million tons in 2010 to over 9.9 million tons in 2019. It is expected to continue rising to 13 million tons by 2024. The contribution of macroalgal products is quite significant, 60.7% of the total national aquaculture production. To achieve sustainable energy development goals in many developing countries, including Indonesia, biomass to energy technology such as the production of biogas form macroalgae has been considered one of the best options. Therefore, we aim to investigate the potential application of biomass to energy technology via the production of biogas from macroalgae as an alternative source of local power generation. Indonesia’s energy mix and several issues regarding macroalgae production are comprehensively reviewed. Additionally, we also discussed the process of macroalgal biogas production.
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Dziergowska, Katarzyna, Maja Wełna, Anna Szymczycha-Madeja, Jacek Chęcmanowski, and Izabela Michalak. "Valorization of Cladophora glomerata Biomass and Obtained Bioproducts into Biostimulants of Plant Growth and as Sorbents (Biosorbents) of Metal Ions." Molecules 26, no. 22 (November 16, 2021): 6917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226917.
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The aim of this study was to propose a complete approach for macroalgae biomass valorization into products useful for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection. In the first stage, the effects of macroalgal extracts and ZnO NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) on the germination and growth of radish were examined. Macroalgal extract was produced from freshwater macroalga, i.e., Cladophora glomerata by ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). The extract was used to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles. In germination tests, extracts and solutions of ZnO NPs were applied on paper substrate before sowing. In the second stage, sorption properties of macroalga, post-extraction residue, and ZnO NPs to absorb Cr(III) ions were examined. In the germination tests, the highest values of hypocotyl length (the edible part of radish), i.e., 3.3 and 2.6 cm were obtained for 60 and 80% extract (among the tested concentrations 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) and 10 and 50 mg/L NPs, respectively. The highest sorption capacity of Cr(III) ions (344.8 mg/g) was obtained by both macroalga and post-extraction residue at a pH of 5 and initial Cr(III) ions concentration of 200 mg/L. This study proves that macroalgae and products based on them can be applied in both sustainable agriculture and wastewater treatment.
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Meinita, Maria Dyah Nur, Amron Amron, Agus Trianto, Dicky Harwanto, Wahyu Caesarendra, Gwi-Taek Jeong, and Jae-Suk Choi. "Levulinic Acid Production from Macroalgae: Production and Promising Potential in Industry." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 16, 2021): 13919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413919.
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The development of macroalgal biorefinery products as an alternative source of renewable fuels is an opportunity to solve the dependence on fossil fuels. Macroalgae is a potential biomass that can be developed as a raw material for producing platform chemicals such as levulinic acid (LA). In the industrial sector, LA is among the top 12 biomass-derived feedstocks designated by the U.S. Department of Energy as a high-value chemical. Several studies have been conducted on the production of LA from terrestrial-based biomass, however, there is still limited information on its production from macroalgae. The advantages of macroalgae over terrestrial and other biomasses include high carbohydrate and biomass production, less cultivation cost, and low lignin content. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential and challenge of producing LA from macroalgae in the industrial sector and determine its advantages and disadvantages compared with terrestrial biomass in LA production. In this study, various literature sources were examined using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) method to identify, screen, and analyze the data of the published paper. Despite its advantages, there are some challenges in making the production of levulinic acid from macroalgae feasible for development at the industrial scale. Some challenges such as sustainability of macroalgae, the efficiency of pretreatment, and hydrolysis technology are often encountered during the production of levulinic acid from macroalgae on an industrial scale.
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Handayani, Tri, Firman Zulpikar, and Agus Kusnadi. "The roles of macroalgae in climate change mitigation: opportunities and challenges for marine-based carbon donor." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1119, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1119/1/012014.
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Abstract Anthropogenic activities will lead to an exponential increase in CO2 emissions in the future. Increased CO2 emissions have an impact on global climate patterns, ocean acidification, and ecosystem function. Marine vegetation has the potential to absorb CO2 through photosynthesis and store carbon in its biomass and sediments. This is known as blue carbon. Research on blue carbon in the world, including Indonesia, is more focused on seagrass and mangroves because including macroalgae carbon in the blue carbon strategy is still controversial. Currently, there are many considerations for including macroalgal carbon in the blue carbon strategy. Macroalgae have a shorter life cycle than seagrass and mangroves. In addition, macroalgae generally grow on hard substrates, resulting in lower levels of carbon storage than seagrass and mangroves. However, macroalgae can serve as carbon donors and contribute to the effort to mitigate climate change. In this review, we present the potential and challenges of macroalgae as carbon donors. Macroalgae will be significant as carbon donors if they have the following three criteria: high production of biomass; effective biomass moved to recipient habitat; and carbon donors that can be buried in recipient habitat. The fate of macroalgae carbon in recipient habitats still needs to be studied.
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Raven, John. "Blue carbon: past, present and future, with emphasis on macroalgae." Biology Letters 14, no. 10 (October 2018): 20180336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0336.
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Blue carbon did not originally include macroalgal ecosystems; however evidence is mounting that macroalgal ecosystems function in marine carbon sequestration. The great majority of present day marine macroalgal net primary productivity (NPP) involves haptophytic algae on eroding shores. For these organisms the long-term storage of particulate organic carbon involves export from the site of production of biomass that has evaded parasites and grazers, and that some of the exported biomass is sedimented and stored rather than being mineralized en route by detritivores (microbes and fauna). Export from eroding shores, and subsequent storage, of haptophytic marine macroalgal particulate organic carbon could have started by 1.6 Ga. Storage on depositing shores close to the site of NPP by rhizophytic macroalgae and then by rhizophytic coastal seagrasses, tidal marshes and mangroves began not less than 209 Ma ago. Future increases in surface ocean temperatures may bring tropical marine macroalgae to their upper temperature limit, while temperate marine macroalgae will migrate poleward, in both cases assuming that temperature increases faster than genetic adaptation to higher temperature. Increased CO 2 in the surface ocean will generally favour uncalcified over calcified marine macroalgae. This results in decreased CO 2 release from decreased calcification, as well as decreased ballasting by CaCO 3 of exported particulate organic carbon resulting in decreasing sedimentation. While much more work is needed, the available information suggests that macroalgae play a significant role in marine organic carbon storage.
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He, Quan, Linqing Liu, Yujie Qin, Qiang Lin, Guangyan Ni, Binbin Chen, Zengling Ma, Dinghui Zou, and Gang Li. "Taxonomic and Morpho-Functional Photosynthetic Patterns of 18 Intertidal Macroalgal Species in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, China." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 7 (July 13, 2023): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071409.
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Macroalgae provide food for microbial, meio- and macro-faunal communities in coastal ecosystems, thus mediating nutrient dynamics and functions in these ecosystems. Because of this vital role, it is important to clarify physiological information about macroalgae as it reflects their growth potential in the field. In this study, we examined the biomass, pigment content, and photosynthetic O2 evolution rate versus irradiance curves of 18 macroalgal species from the intertidal zone of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, China, and investigated their photosynthetic patterns in relation to phyla characteristics, morphology, and growth locations. The results showed that green algae had the highest maximum photosynthetic O2 evolution rate (Pmax), light utilization efficiency (α), and dark respiration (Rd) among the three macroalgal phyla; the sheet-like macroalgal species had the highest Pmax, α, and Rd among the four morphological categories. The macroalgal species in the upper intertidal zone showed higher Pmax and α and lower saturation irradiance (EK) and compensation irradiance (EC) than those species in the lower intertidal location. The PCA results showed that the biomass of sheet-like macroalgal species was positively correlated with factor PC1 (50.34%), and that of finely branched species was negatively correlated with factor PC2 (25.17%). In addition, our results indicate that the light absorption and utilization capabilities of macroalgae could determine whether they could dominate the intertidal zone and that their photosynthetic characteristics could be used as a potential indicator of their biomass distribution in the Greater Bay Area.
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Correia, Kelly M., Scott B. Alford, Benjamin A. Belgrad, Kelly M. Darnell, M. Zachary Darnell, Bradley T. Furman, Margaret O. Hall, et al. "Drift macroalgal distribution in northern Gulf of Mexico seagrass meadows." PeerJ 10 (August 23, 2022): e13855. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13855.
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Drift macroalgae, often found in clumps or mats adjacent to or within seagrass beds, can increase the value of seagrass beds as habitat for nekton via added food resources and structural complexity. But, as algal biomass increases, it can also decrease light availability, inhibit faunal movements, smother benthic communities, and contribute to hypoxia, all of which can reduce nekton abundance. We quantified the abundance and distribution of drift macroalgae within seagrass meadows dominated by turtle grass Thalassia testudinum across the northern Gulf of Mexico and compared seagrass characteristics to macroalgal biomass and distribution. Drift macroalgae were most abundant in areas with higher seagrass shoot densities and intermediate canopy heights. We did not find significant relationships between algal biomass and point measures of salinity, temperature, or depth. The macroalgal genera Laurencia and Gracilaria were present across the study region, Agardhiella and Digenia were collected in the western Gulf of Mexico, and Acanthophora was collected in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Our survey revealed drift algae to be abundant and widespread throughout seagrass meadows in the northern Gulf of Mexico, which likely influences the habitat value of seagrass ecosystems.
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Müller, Malika, Constanze F. K. Staab, Laura D. Puk, Eike M. Schoenig, Sebastian C. A. Ferse, and Christian Wild. "The Rabbitfish Siganus virgatus as Key Macroalgae Browser in Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Thailand." Diversity 13, no. 3 (March 13, 2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13030123.
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Coral reef resilience is greatly influenced by herbivory. There is a need to identify key fish species fulfilling this critical function in biogeographically distinct regions. This experimental in situ study investigated fish herbivory in coral reefs of the lower Gulf of Thailand characterized by a considerably low herbivorous fish biomass and diversity, but high live coral and low macroalgal cover. This provided an intriguing situation for macroalgal browsing research. Visual census techniques assessed the abundance of local herbivorous fish species, and filmed single-choice assays using the macroalga Turbinaria evaluated mass-standardized bites (ms-bites) and biomass removal. Multiple-choice assays offering four locally abundant macroalgae identified specific biomass removal and ms-bites to uncover selection and avoidance patterns of observed fish species. The rabbitfish Siganusvirgatus constituted only 39% of herbivore biomass but accounted for 90% of ms-bites. In multiple-choice assays, fishes took most (61%) bites on Sargassum, followed by Padina (28%) and Turbinaria (11%), while Lobophora was avoided. S. virgatus exhibited the most generalized browsing pattern of all species observed. Coinciding with recent studies, our findings suggest that S. virgatus plays a key functional role in reefs characterized by low diversity of herbivores and low functional redundancy.
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Miao, Xiaoxiang, Jie Xiao, Qinzeng Xu, Shiliang Fan, Zongling Wang, Xiao Wang, and Xuelei Zhang. "Distribution and species diversity of the floating green macroalgae and micro-propagules in the Subei Shoal, southwestern Yellow Sea." PeerJ 8 (December 17, 2020): e10538. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10538.
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Massive floating green macroalgae have formed harmful green tides in the Yellow Sea since 2007. To study the early development and the associated environmental factors for the green tide, a field survey was carried out in the Subei Shoal, southwestern Yellow Sea. Multiple species were identified in both floating green macroalgae and micro-propagules , while their abundances showed distinct spatial variations. The floating macroalgal biomass was widespread in the northern Subei Shoal and most abundant at 34°N. Ulva prolifera dominated (91.2% in average) the floating macroalgae, and the majority (88.5%) of U. prolifera was the ‘floating type’. In comparison, the micro-propagules were most abundant around the aquaculture rafts, and decreased significantly with the distance to the rafts. The dominant species of micro-propagules was U. linza (48.5%), followed by U. prolifera (35.1%). Their distinct distribution patterns and species diversity suggested little direct contribution of micro-propagules for the floating macroalgae. The spatial variation of the floating macroalgae was probably a combined result from the biomass source and environmental factors, while the abundance of micro-propagules was closely associated with the rafts. A positive correlation between the floating macroalgae and DO was observed and suggested active photosynthesis of the initial biomass in Subei Shoal. This study revealed specific distributional pattern and relationships among the floating macroalgae, micro-propagules and the environmental factors in the source region, which helps understanding the early blooming dynamics of the green tides in Yellow Sea.
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Jung, Seung Wook, and Chang Geun Choi. "Estimation of Marine Macroalgal Biomass Using a Coverage Analysis." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111676.
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This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of biomass estimation by non-destructive sampling, determine whether the results derived from various types of marine macroalgae are reliable, and a newly proposed method. A quantitative survey was conducted on marine macroalgae communities distributed in the subtidal zone in 67 coastal regions in Korea. Regression analyses were conducted on 11,642 fresh weight datasets covering of 135 species of marine macroalgae. The linear function was FW = 17.721C (adj r2 = 0.745, p < 0.001) and the power function was FW = 4.48C1.251 (adj r2 = 0.891, p < 0.001). Our analysis accounted for the fact that there were three vertically distributed layers of a marine macroalgal assemblages with various shapes (i.e., the Ecklonia complex, the Sargassum and Undaria complex, and the understory complex). For the Ecklonia complex, the linear function was FW = 27.360C (adj r2 = 0.886, p < 0.001) and the power function was FW = 9.626C1.223 (adj r2 = 0.909, p < 0.001). For the Sargassum and Undaria complex, the linear function was FW = 18.389C (adj r2 = 0.916, p < 0.001) and the power function was FW = 6.567C1.255 (adj r2 = 0.942, p < 0.001). For the understory complex, the linear function was FW = 10.419C (adj r2 = 0.737, p < 0.001) and the power function was FW = 4.377C1.182 (adj r2 = 0.871, p < 0.001). Our findings demonstrated that the proposed method can accurately estimate the primary productivity of a wide range of coastal ecosystems based on remote sensing and non-destructive surveys of small-scale marine macroalgal communities.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Macroalgae biomass"
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Schiener, Peter. "Bioethanol production from macroalgae." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2014. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/bioethanol-production-from-macroalgae(d1c0fd4d-3a91-4d17-be4f-0b7b2af86e11).html.
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Seaweed biomass has been identified as a potential fermentation substrate for third generation biofuel processes due to its high carbohydrate content and its potential for mass cultivation without competing for agricultural land, fresh water and fertilisers. This thesis aimed to develop and advance existing processes to convert brown seaweeds into bioethanol. The main kelp species chosen as biomass candidates were Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta due to their abundance in Scottish waters and their identified potential for mariculturing. These kelp species were chemically characterised to identify seasonal variations, to recommend suitable seaweed candidates for bioethanol production and predict best harvest times. This has only been demonstrated before on one species - L. digitata. The chemical composition analyses were carried out over a 14 months sampling period, which focused on the storage carbohydrates laminarin and mannitol and the structural carbohydrates alginate, cellulose, fucoidan and xylose. In addition to carbohydrates the protein, nitrogen, carbon, polyphenol, ash and metal content was also profiled. Chemical profiling identified all four kelps as potential fermentation candidates, where maximum carbohydrate contents coincided with lowest ash and polyphenol content, usually seen in autumn. Biomass pre-treatment and saccharification are up-stream processes aimed at enhancing extraction of carbohydrates and converting those into fermentable substrates. Conversion of seaweed biomass into fermentation substrate evaluated acids and enzymes for seaweed pre-treatment and saccharification. Methodologies focused on optimising saccharification yields were developed to identify process critical parameters and develop methods for routine analysis of seaweed biomass. Results demonstrated that dilute acid hydrolysis was were less effective in releasing fermentable sugars, and also resulted in higher salinities compared to enzymatic hydrolysis using hemicellulosic and cellulosic enzymes, which were the preferred method of saccharification. All seaweeds in this thesis were assessed as fermentation substrates using the yeasts S. cerevisiae and P. angophorae, that principally ferment glucose or mannitol, respectively. Small-scale fermentation assays were developed for both yeasts to maximise ethanol yields and achieve process robustness. Both yeasts achieved a maximum ethanol yield of 0.17 g g-1 using Laminaria spp. On the basis of results, S. cerevisiae is recommended as the most useful yeast at this present point for ethanol fermentation from seaweed hydrolysates because of its tolerance to high salinity and ethanol concentrations. As salinity can negatively affect non-halotolerant enzymes, isolation of marine microorganisms was therefore carried out with the aim to highlight their enzymatic potential in seaweed saccharification. This was achieved through the isolation of two members of the genus Pseudoalteromonas, where saccharification yields using crude intracellular enzyme preparations exceeded those of dilute acids. In addition, the fermentative potential of microbial isolates as future ethanologenic strains was also evaluated. Understanding of the metabolic pathways is needed to fully assess the potential of those strains for genetic alteration. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated that up to ca. 20 g l-1 of ethanol can be produced from kelp species that grow on the west coast of Scotland. The procedure developed and used to produce ethanol requires further development, specifically the need for ethanol-fermenting microorganisms that can utilize mannitol and alginate; use of marine-adapted enzymes for saccharifiction; and the development of processes to achieve substrate concentration with reduced salinities. Comparison of theoretical ethanol yields from seaweed biomass with ethanol yields from terrestrial crops showed that the complete utilisation of all three major seaweed carbohydrates (laminarin, mannitol and alginate) from kelp species is needed for the process to be able to compete with 1st generation biofuel processes.
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Alexander, Sarah. "Novel biomass conversion routes : ammonia from biomass, and marine macroalgae for energy." Thesis, Aston University, 2013. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/20810/.
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This thesis presents a techno-economic investigation of the generation of electricity from marine macroalgae (seaweed) in the UK (Part 1), and the production of anhydrous ammonia from synthesis gas (syngas) generated from biomass gasification (Part 2). In Part 1, the study covers the costs from macroalgae production to the generation of electricity via a CHP system. Seven scenarios, which varied the scale and production technique, were investigated to determine the most suitable scale of operation for the UK. Anaerobic digestion was established as the most suitable technology for macroalgae conversion to CHP, based on a number of criteria. All performance and cost data have been taken from published literature. None of the scenarios assessed would be economically viable under present conditions, although the use of large-scale electricity generation has more potential than small-scale localised production. Part 2 covers the costs from the delivery of the wood chip feedstock to the production of ammonia. Four cases, which varied the gasification process used and the scale of production, were investigated to determine the most suitable scale of operation for the UK. Two gasification processes were considered, these were O2-enriched air entrained flow gasification and Fast Internal Circulating Fluidised Bed. All performance and cost data have been taken from published literature, unless otherwise stated. Large-scale (1,200 tpd) ammonia production using O2-enriched air entrained flow gasification was determined as the most suitable system, producing the lowest ammonia-selling price, which was competitive to fossil fuels. Large-scale (1,200 tpd) combined natural gas/biomass syngas ammonia production also generated ammonia at a price competitive to fossil fuels.
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Zhang, Rui. "Converting macroalgal biomass into biomaterials and applications." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20122.
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This thesis focused on the extraction of value-added biomaterials from brown seaweed and the potential applications of the extracted biomaterials as well as an analysis of the prospects of building a general bio-refinery pathway for brown seaweed. Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) was used as an innovative extraction method for phlorotannins extraction from brown seaweed. Comparison of the extraction efficiency of phlorotannins by means of MAE and conventional solid–liquid extraction from three species of brown seaweeds determined that an optimized MAE protocol increased yields by 70%. The antioxidant activities of phlorotannins and their thermal stabilities were determined. Phlorotannins extracted from C. flexuosum by MAE had the highest antioxidant activity. The composition of the most active phlorotannin extracts was also determined by HPLC-MS. Phlorotannins extracted from C. flexuosum were polymerised to make polymerised phlorotannin nanoparticles which were tested for their ability to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and hybrid CaCO3–phlorotannin microparticles were also prepared for comparation. Polymerised phlorotannin particles showed highly efficient removal capacity of Pb2+ from aqueous solution (460mg/g of adsorbent). Compared with CaCO3 microparticles, the Pb2+ removal capacity of hybrid CaCO3–phlorotannin microparticles was increased when the initial Pb2+ concentration was below 1000 mg/L. However, at higher initial Pb2+ concentrations, the synergistic adsorption effect diminished. A cascading bio-refinery process was also developed for brown seaweed. This process sequentially extracted of several product streams including pigments, mannitol, phlorotannins, carbohydrates, alginate and residual seaweed. The proposed biorefinery process may provide the possibility of fully utilizing brown seaweed to provide both bio-materials and bio-energy.
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Rutten, Karin. "Studies on the biomass, diversity and nutrient relationships of macroalgae and seagrasses in Lake Illawarra, New South Wales, Australia." School of Earth and Environmental Sciences - Faculty of Science, 2007. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/22.
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Lake Illawarra is a shallow barrier lagoon, located on the south-eastern coast of Australia. Eutrophication, referring to the enrichment of water by inorganic plant nutrients (primarily nitrogen and phosphorus), is one of the key environmental problems in Lake Illawarra. Management of macroalgae in Lake Illawarra is a major issue; excessive blooms of macroalgae, resulting in odours, access problems and community concern over Lake health, have led to many management strategies, including direct harvesting of algal biomass. Little information is available on the factors responsible for excessive growth of macroalgae in Lake Illawarra, although over supply of nutrients has often been cited as the primary cause. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution, diversity, biomass and nutrient relationships of seagrasses and macroalgae in Lake Illawarra, and to determine what contribution, if any, macrophytes make to the Lake’s nutrient budget. Firstly, detailed species lists and taxonomic descriptions were prepared for macrophytes occurring in Lake Illawarra, between June 2000 and July 2003. This study focused primarily on shallow (< 1 m depth), inshore areas of Lake Illawarra, where problematic macroalgal blooms frequently occur. Seagrasses found in Lake Illawarra are Zostera capricorni, Ruppia megacarpa, Halophila ovalis and Halophila decipiens. In addition, 35 species of macroalgae were recorded and described; these included: 14 species from 7 genera of green macroalgae; 9 species from 9 different genera of brown macroalgae; and, 8 species from 8 genera of red macroalgae. The biomass of seagrasses and macroalgae in Lake Illawarra were documented seasonally (winter and summer) at four key Lake Illawarra sites; these included two R. megacarpa sites and two Z. capricorni sites. Average R. megacarpa and Z. capricorni dry weight (DW) biomasses (above and below-ground material) ranged from 54.8 - 440 g DW m 2 and 58.1 - 230 g DW m 2, respectively. Significant die-back, particularly of Z. capricorni, occurred in winter; summer biomasses were up to 1.5 - 3.9 times higher than winter biomasses. Below-ground material (roots and rhizomes) comprised 20 - 45 % and 40 - 67 % of total plant biomass for R. megacarpa and Z. capricorni, respectively. Macroalgal biomass in 2000-03 was notably lower than in previous decades; this may be due to drought, as well as improvements in water quality. Maximum biomasses of macroalgae recorded in the present study were 150 - 370 g DW m 2. Algal blooms were composed primarily of the filamentous chlorophytes, Chaetomorpha linum and Chaetomorpha billardierii. The highest seagrass (R. megacarpa) and macroalgal biomasses usually occurred at the Oasis Caravan Park site, located along the eastern Lake Illawarra peninsula. Tissue nutrient analyses were conducted on the most abundant seagrasses (Z. capricorni and R. megacarpa) and macroalgae occurring at four sites in Lake Illawarra, between spring 2000 and winter 2002. Total C contents of macrophytes varied from 23.3 - 42.0 % C for seagrasses, and 28.0 - 39.7 % C for macroalgae. The δ13C and δ15N contents of seagrasses ranged from -7.7 to 15.9 ‰ and 0.7 - 9.0 ‰, respectively. The most significant seasonal variations in seagrass δ13C contents and, to a lesser extentδ15N contents, occurred in Z. capricorni located at the source of fresh water input, Mullet Creek. Macroalgae showed a greater variation in isotopic signatures than the seagrasses, ranging from 4.9 to 19.8 ‰ (δ13C) and 1.8 - 14.6 ‰ (δ15N). Differences between species at the same site were often more significant than differences between the same species at different sites. Seagrass leaf N and P contents ranged from 1.74 - 4.13 % (mean ± s.e.: 2.62 ± 0.05 % N) and 0.12 - 0.59 % P (mean ± s.e.: 0.31 ± 0.01 % P); leaf N and P contents were typically double those of roots/rhizomes. N contents varied between species and sites, but P contents of Z. capricorni were usually significantly higher than R. megacarpa. Z. capricorni C and N contents increased in winter, corresponding to lower winter biomasses. Seagrass leaf biomass and tissue P contents peaked in summer 2002, which may be related to higher water column P concentrations in summer. Tissue N and P contents of macroalgae were more variable than those of the seagrasses, and ranged from 0.85 - 3.95 % N and 0.03 - 0.58 % P. The average C/P (808 ± 65) and N/P (47.9 ± 3.47) molar ratios of macroalgae were typically double those of the seagrasses. Low concentrations of tissue P, with respect to N, in R. megacarpa and macroalgae implied P limitation on several occasions, particularly when macrophyte biomasses were low. High tissue N contents in Lake Illawarra macrophytes suggested N limitation of biomass formation rarely occurred. Evidence of P, rather than N, limitation in macrophytes is surprising considering most data suggests N limitation of phytoplankton production in Lake Illawarra. The estimated pools of N and P contained in Lake Illawarra macrophyte biomass were similar to those present in the water column, but appeared minute when compared to the N and P stored within Lake Illawarra sediment. Laboratory culture experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of the most problematic alga, Chaetomorpha linum, to nutrient enrichment. Water temperatures of 20 - 25°C were found to promote the highest growth rates (up to 27 % WW d 1) of C. linum, but high growth rates (13 % WW d 1) were also recorded at 10°C, the lowest winter water temperature recorded in Lake Illawarra. Enrichment with N, rather than P, had the greatest effect on C. linum; growth rates were significantly reduced in treatments without added N, but treatments with N-alone were statistically similar to N+P treatments. It was concluded that in Lake Illawarra, C. linum was strongly nitrogen limited. The ability of C. linum to grow successfully in culture, under a range of nutrient treatments, and without added phosphorus, in particular, correlates with the excessive growth of this alga in Lake Illawarra. This study has made a significant contribution to the understanding of seagrass and macroalgal growth, biomass and distribution in Lake Illawarra. This information will assist with the long-term management of macroalgal problems in Lake Illawarra.
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Seese, Megan Rebecca. "Effects of Laurencia and Palisada Spp. on Epifaunal Composition Within Thalassia Testudinum Beds on Abaco, the Bahamas." NSUWorks, 2009. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/226.
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We examined effects of the macroalgae Laurencia and Palisada spp. on epifauna within seagrass beds of Thalassia testudinum. First we conducted a field survey of Thalassia testudinum beds with varying densities of Laurencia and Palisada spp. Second, we conducted a field experiment, manipulating natural and simulated Laurencia and Palisada spp. In the field survey, we found that total faunal biomass (g m-2) increased significantly with Laurencia and Palisada spp. cover. In the experiment, natural Laurencia and Palisada spp. supported an increased density (No. m-2) of fauna, however, faunal values were highest in the simulated algae treatment. This suggests that the mechanism of increased density/biomass due to Laurencia and Palisada spp. is structural complexity. Since habitat quality in Thalassia testudinum beds may be mediated by associated macroalgae, these small-scale habitat factors need to be incorporated in habitat and ecosystem conservation plans.
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Salinas, Vaccaro Alejandro Andrés. "Synthetic biology approach for green macroalgal biomass depolymerization." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31454.
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Green macroalgae represent an attractive source of renewable carbon. Conversion of algal biomass to useful products requires depolymerization of the cell wall polysaccharides cellulose and ulvan. Cellulose saccharification has been widely studied and involves synergistic action of endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and β-glucosidases. The enzymatic depolymerization of ulvan has not received the same attention and additional studies are required in order to fully understand the mechanisms involved in its biodegradation. Synthetic biology offers the possibility of importing modules such as biomass-degrading systems and biofuel producing pathways from different organisms into a genetically tractable host such as Escherichia coli. In this study it was shown that E. coli expressing the glycosidase CHU2268 of Cytophaga hutchinsonii grows well on cello-oligosaccharides such as cellohexaose, and co-expression with the endoglucanase CenA of Cellulomonas fimi allows growth on untreated crystalline cellulose. Moreover, a model for ulvan utilization was built for the first time based on a polysaccharide utilization locus from the alga-associated flavobacterium Formosa agariphila. It was also shown that F. agariphila, is able to grow using biomass from the green macroalga Ulva lactuca as its sole carbon source, and enzymes with ulvanase activity are induced by the presence of this alga in the culture medium. Enzymes for ulvan depolymerization from F. agariphila, including an ulvan lyase, xylanases and rhamnosidases, were cloned using the PaperClip DNA assembly method and expressed in active form in E. coli. Furthermore, a secretion system based on the use of the Antigen 43 was successfully used to secrete an active ulvan lyase using E. coli and ribosome binding sites of different strengths were studied and used to optimize the system. These results represent a first step for the design of a microorganism capable of utilizing green macroalgal biomass for the production of biofuels and other valuable bio-products.
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Reis, Thiago Nogueira de Vasconcelos. "Biodiversidade de macroalgas: uma ferramenta indicadora de tensores ambientais na região do complexo portuário de suape, Pernambuco, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12217.
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CAPES
Os impactos ambientais causados pelo homem têm sido fonte de grande preocupação, tendo em vista as conseqüências negativas que afetam o equilíbrio ecológico do meio. A área apresenta uma variedade ambientes e agrega vários habitats, o que a torna um dos principais pontos de diversidade de algas no Estado Pernambucano. A partir dai surgiu à necessidade de realizar um estudo na região, com o objetivo de fazer um inventario das algas presentes em Suape, e assim, contribuir para o conhecimento sobre a comunidade ficológica da região, gerando subsídios para fins de preservação e futuros trabalhos de monitoramento. As coletas foram divididas em 2 etapas distintas, a primeira realizada no período de janeiro de 1998 a julho de 1999, apenas inventariando a flora, a segunda etapa, foi realizada trimestralmente, de Janeiro de 2009 a julho de 2010, inventariando minuciosamente a flora algológica da região e quantificando a biomassa das macroalgas dos recifes da região portuária de Suape. Nesta etapa foram coletadas 378 amostras para fins de biomassa e diversidade, sendo estas distribuídas em três transects, aleatoriamente. Foram coletados parâmetros abióticos concomitantemente (NO2, NO3, PO4, turbidez e Sólidos Totais Suspensos) Foram registradas Baia da região portuária de Suape um total de 136 taxa de macroalgas, o que a caracteriza como a área de maior riqueza desse grupo o litoral do estado de Pernambuco. É importante ressaltar o registro de um novo táxon para o litoral brasileiro Acetabularia farlowii e novas adições para a flora ficológica do litoral do estado de Pernambuco (Acetabularia myriospora, Ceratodictyon planicaule, Ceramium vagans e Laurencia oliveirana). A biomassa das algas encontradas na região variou de 181,3±20,7 no mês de Janeiro de 2009 a 62,5±6,0 no mês de Julho de 2010. Foi possível observar variações significativas entre o mês de janeiro de 2009 e Julho de 2009 (z=3.549; p<0,05), Janeiro de 2010 (z=3.523; p<0,05) e Julho de 2010 (z=3.6904; p<0,05), entre os meses de Abril 2010 e Julho de 2009 (z=3.1889; p<0,05), Janeiro de 210 (z=3.1632; p<0,05) e Julho de 2010 (z=3.3304; p<0,05). As diferenças encontradas foram, principalmente, observadas pela influência das dragagens e pela sazonalidade, tendo em vista que os únicos meses que apresentaram grandes biomassa foram os meses de Janeiro de 2009 (quando ainda não haviam dragado) e o mês de abril de 2010 (quando as dragagens estavam sendo finalizadas). O mês de julho de 2010 apresentou valores de biomassa baixos, provavelmente pela sazonalidade e pelo aumento de chuvas no período. Das espécies que constituem a comunidade de macroalgas na região, as Palisada perforata, Centrosceras clavulatum, Gelidiella acerosa e Acanthophora spicifera, foram as que apresentaram maiores freqüências, com 86, 47, 41 e 40% respectivamente. Com base nos dados obtidos, é possível afirmar que as comunidades de algas aparentam estar bem conservadas na região do Complexo portuário de Suape, tendo em vista o elevado número de taxa e a alta freqüência de espécies normalmente encontradas em outros recifes de arenito no litoral do estado.
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Santos, Marcelo Castanheira dos. "Biossorção de cobre (II) e cálcio (II) pela biomassa da macroalga marrom Sargassum filipendula." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5206.
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No presente trabalho, pretendeu-se avaliar a alga marinha Sargassum filipendula na sua capacidade de remoção do metal cobre na presença do metal cálcio, de modo a verificar o efeito da presença do cálcio, proveniente do hidróxido de cálcio (cal hidratada), utilizado no tratamento primário de efluentes por precipitação química. Para tanto, foi realizado primeiramente o estudo da cinética de biossorção de cobre e cálcio em regime de batelada, nas concentrações de 50 e 200 g/mL, e em seguida foi estudado o equilíbrio da biossorção de cobre e cálcio, também em regime de batelada, utilizando soluções isoladas e combinadas de cobre e cálcio, em concentrações variadas, com biomassa lavada com água corrente e com HCl 0,1 mol/L, de modo a verificar se houve melhora na biossorção com a protonação da biomassa.
Os resultados do estudo cinético da biossorção do cobre e do cálcio mostraram, em todos os casos, que o equilíbrio ocorreu até os 30 minutos iniciais e que os resultados do cobre se ajustaram melhor a um modelo cinético de segunda ordem, enquanto que os resultados do cálcio não se ajustaram a nenhum dos dois modelos propostos. Foi possível verificar ainda uma relação direta entre biossorção de cobre e liberação de elementos alcalinos e alcalino-terrosos, sugerindo o envolvimento de troca-iônica durante o processo. Já com os resultados de estudo do equilíbrio da biossorção dos metais cobre e cálcio, foi possível obter algumas conclusões, dentre as quais podemos destacar a predileção pelo modelo de isotermas de Langmuir e a interferência na biosorção do cobre causada pela presença do cálcio na solução. Nesta etapa, foi possível ainda estabelecer novamente a correlação de permuta entre os metais cobre e alcalinos/alcalino terrosos. Os modelos de pseudo-primeira ordem e segunda ordem foram utilizados para avaliar a cinética de adsorção dos íons metálicos pela biomassa, enquanto que os modelos das isotermas de Langmuir e de Freundlich, foram utilizados para a representação do equilíbrio da biossorçãoIn the present work it was intended to evaluate the seaweed Sargassum filipendula in its ability to remove the copper metal in the presence of calcium metal in order to verify the effect of the presence of calcium from the calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime) used in primary treatment of effluents by chemical precipitation. Therefore, it was first carried out to study the kinetics of sorption of copper and calcium under batch, at concentrations of 50 and 200 g/mL, and then was studied equilibrium sorption of copper and calcium, also under batch, using solutions isolated and combined calcium and copper in varied concentrations, with biomass washed with water and with 0.1 M HCl in order to check if an improvement in biosorption with the protonation of biomass. Results from the kinect study of copper and calcium showed in all cases that the balancing occur until the first 30 minutes and the results of copper were best fitted to a second order kinetic model, while the results of the calcium not adjusted to either of the two proposed models. It was also possible to see a direct relationship between biosorption of copper and release of alkaline elements, alkaline - earth metals, suggesting the involvement of ion exchange during the process. Already with the results of the results of the study of equilibrium biosorption of copper and calcium, it was possible to obtain some conclusions, among which we can highlight the predilection for the Langmuir isotherm model and interference in biosorption of copper caused by the presence of calcium in the solution. At this stage, it was still possible to re establish the correlation between the exchange of copper and alkali / alkaline earth. The models of pseudo- first order and second order were used to evaluate the kinetics of adsorption of metal ions by biomass, while the models of Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich, will be used to represent the equilibrium of biosorption
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Hackbarth, Fabíola Vignola. "Remoção de metais de efluentes petroquímicos utilizando biomassa de macroalga marinha Pelvetia Canaliculata como adsorvente." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/123423.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Florianópolis, 2014.Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T18:11:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 326735.pdf: 2810031 bytes, checksum: 9c95d2ea602278890c278f5e19976e4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
A indústria petroquímica representa atualmente um setor preponderante na economia brasileira. A gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos é uma preocupação crescente da indústria petroquímica, fazendo com que o desenvolvimento de tecnologias amigas do ambiente para tratamento de efluentes petroquímicos seja um mercado em crescimento. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste na valorização da macroalga marinha Pelvetia canaliculata (Linnaeus) através de seu uso como trocador de cátions para remoção e recuperação de íons de cádmio, chumbo, cobre e zinco em soluções aquosas, como um processo alternativo de remoção de metais pesados presente em efluentes petroquímicos. O mecanismo de biossorção dos cátions divalentes de chumbo, cádmio, cobre e zinco, usando a alga bruta, revelou-se um processo de troca iônica com os cátions presentes na superfície da alga, Na+, K+, Ca2+ e Mg2+, com uma estequiometria de 1:1 entre íons com a mesma carga (Ca2+ e Mg2+ com Pb2+,Cd2+, Cu2+ e Zn2+) e 2:1 entre íons de cargas diferentes (K+ e Na+ com Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ e Zn2+). Inicialmente, procedeu-se a um tratamento da alga de forma a converter todos os grupos funcionais na forma Na+. A partir dos resultados da digestão da alga na forma Na+ foi possível obter a quantidade de íons sódio ligados aos grupos funcionais (2,5 mmol/g), o que sugere a presença de 2,5 mmol de grupos funcionais ácidos por grama de alga. Através das técnicas de FTIR e de titulação potenciométrica foi possível determinar que os principais grupos funcionais presentes na superfície da alga responsáveis pela ligação dos metais são os grupos funcionais ácidos (fracamente ácido (grupos carboxílicos) e fortemente ácidos (grupos sulfônicos)), representando no total 2,5 mmol/g. Foram realizadas experiências cinéticas em sistema fechado, a partir das quais se determinou o tempo de equilíbrio e o valor da difusividade homogênea do íon metálico no biossorvente. O equilíbrio de biossorção dos íons chumbo e cádmio em solução aquosa, usando a alga na forma Na+ foi estudado a diferentes valores de pH, verificando-se um aumento significativo da capacidade de biossorção com o aumento do pH. A capacidade máxima de biossorção dos íons chumbo a pH 4,0 foi de 1,25 mmol/g (259 mg/g) e a de cádmio a pH 4,5 foi 1,25 mmol/g (140 mg/g), permitindo concluir que todos os grupos funcionais presentes na superfície da alga foram ocupados. O equilíbrio de biossorção usando a mistura Pb2+/Cd2+/Cu2+/Zn2+ revelou que existe competitividade entre os íons metálicos para os sítios ativos presentes na superfície da biomassa, diminuindo a capacidade de biossorção de cada íon metálico, face ao sistema usando apenas um íon metálico. No entanto, a capacidade total de biossorção da mistura Pb2+/Cd2+/Cu2+/Zn2+ é similar à obtida no sistema usando apenas um íon metálico. A esterificação da alga, bloqueando os grupos carboxílicos e os grupos sulfônicos, levou a uma redução de mais de 80% da capacidade de biossorção, indicando que estes grupos funcionais são os principais responsáveis pela remoção dos íons metálicos. Um modelo de equilíbrio de troca iônica, considerando os grupos funcionais carboxílicos e sulfônicos na forma Na+, foi capaz de prever os dados de equilíbrio nos diferentes sistemas estudados (Pb2+/Na+/H+, Cd2+/Na+/H+ e Pb2+/Cd2+/Cu2+/Zn2+/Na+/H+) em sistema fechado permitindo calcular as constantes de seletividade entre os íons. Um modelo de transferência de massa considerando uma resistência à difusão intrapartícula, foi capaz de descrever as cinéticas de biossorção a diferentes valores de pH iniciais da solução, nos diferentes sistemas estudados. Estudou-se também o processo de biossorção dos íons metálicos em sistema contínuo usando uma coluna de leito fixo, à escala laboratorial e piloto. As curvas de ruptura foram obtidas para os diferentes sistemas estudados (Pb2+/Na+/H+, Cd2+/Na+/H+, Cu2+/Na+/H+, Zn2+/Na+/H+ e Pb2+/Cd2+/Cu2+/Zn2+/Na+/H+). A dessorção dos íons metálicos foi estudada no sistema contínuo usando como eluente uma solução de HNO3 (0,1 M).
Abstract : The petrochemical industry currently represents a major sector in the Brazilian economy. The sustainable management of water resources is a growing concern in the petrochemical industry, and consequently the development of environmentally friendly technologies for the treatment of petrochemical effluent is a growing market. The objective of this work is the valorisation of marine brown macroalgae Pelvetia canaliculata through its use as cation exchanger for removal and recovery of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc ions from aqueous solution, as an alternative process for heavy metals removal from petrochemical effluents. The mechanism of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc divalent cations biosorption using the raw algae, has been attributed to an ion exchange process between light metal present in the surface of algae, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and ions in aqueous solution, Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+, with a stoichiometry ratio of 1:1 between ions of the same charge (Ca2+, Mg2+ with Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ e Zn2+) and 2:1 between ions of different charge (K+ and Na+ with Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ e Zn2+). Initially, the raw alga was treated with a NaCl solution in order to convert all functional groups in the Na+ form. From Na loaded algae digestion results it was possible to obtain the amount of sodium ions bound to the functional groups (2.5 mmol/g), suggesting the presence of 2.5 mmol of acid functional groups per gram of algae. Through FTIR and potentiometric titration techniques it was determined that the main functional groups present on the surface of the algae responsible for metal binding are acidic functional groups (weakly acidic (carboxylic groups) and strongly acidic (sulfonic groups)), representing a total of 2.5 mmol/g. Batch kinetic biosorption experiments were carried out to determine the equilibrium time and the homogeneous diffusion coefficient of each metal in the biosorbent. Batch equilibrium biosorption of lead and cadmium ions in aqueous solution using the Na loaded algae was studied at different pH values. A significant increase in the equilibrium biosorption capacity with increase of pH was observed. Maximum biosorption capacity of lead ions at pH 4.0 was 1.25 mmol/g (259 mg/g) and for cadmium ions at pH 4.5 was 1.25 mmol/g (140 mg/g), which means that all functional groups present on the surface of the algae were occupied. Batch equilibrium biosorption for the Pb2+/Cd2+/Cu2+/Zn2+ system showed the competition between metals ions for the active binding sites presents in the surface of the biomass, decreasing the biosorption capacity of each metal ion when comparing with the single metal ion system. However, the total biosorption capacity for the Pb2+/Cd2+/Cu2+/Zn2+ mixture was similar to that obtained for the single metal ion system. Algae esterification, blocking carboxylic and sulfonic groups, led to a reduction of more than 80% of biosorption capacity, indicating that these functional groups are primarily responsible for metal ions removal. A mass transfer model, considering a resistance to the intraparticle diffusion, was able to describe the biosorption kinetics at different initial solution pHs, in single and quaternary metal systems. An ion exchange equilibrium model, considering carboxylic and sulfonic functional groups in the Na+ form, was able to predict the equilibrium data in all the systems studied (Pb2+/Na+/H+, Cd2+/Na+/H+ and Pb2+/Cd2+/Cu2+/Zn2+/Na+/H+), being able to calculate the selectivity coefficients among ions. The biosorption of the metal ions was also studied in a continuous system using a packed bed configuration, at lab and pilot scale. Biosorption breakthrough curves were also obtained for all the systems studied (Pb2+/Na+/H+, Cd2+/Na+/H+, Cu2+/Na+/H+, Zn2+/Na+/H+ e Pb2+/Cd2+/Cu2+/Zn2+/Na+/H+). Desorption of metal ions, in the continuous system, was also evaluated using HNO3 solution (0.1 M) as eluent.
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Oliveira, Régis de Campos. "Distribuição ecológica das comunidades de macroalgas de ambientes lóticos em duas unidades de conservação abrangendo os biomas da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e Campos no estado do Paraná /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87857.
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Orientador: Ciro Cezar Zanini BrancoBanca: Rogério Antonio Krupek
Banca: Cleto Kaveski Peres
Resumo: Estudos anteriores sugerem que, aparentemente, existem padrões específicos para descrever a composição e a estrutura das comunidades de macroalgas em ambientes lóticos em função das características do bioma ao qual estão inseridos. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação objetivou avaliar, de forma comparativa, a composição, a estrutura das comunidades e a distribuição espacial das comunidades de macroalgas lóticas de duas unidades de conservação (UCs) com biomas distintos: Campos no Parque Estadual de Vila Velha (PVV) e Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (PNI). Em adição, pretendeu-se comparar as comunidades de macroalgas nas quatro estações do ano, a fim de se verificar a possível existência de padrões temporais. As amostragens foram realizadas em 5 segmentos de riacho de 10 m de extensão, em cada UC, através da técnica da transeção, onde as variáveis abióticas (temperatura, oxigênio, pH, condutividade, turbidez, profundidade e velocidade da correnteza) foram mensuradas, assim como a presença e a abundância de cada espécie de macroalga. Estes parâmetros bióticos foram avaliados através da análise visual do leito do rio/riacho. As amostragens foram feitas uma vez a cada estação do ano. O estudo taxonômico registrou 37 macroalgas no total, sendo 16 táxons de ocorrência exclusiva no PVV, 18 táxons de ocorrência exclusiva no PNI e apenas 3 táxons com ocorrência em ambos os parques (Phormidium retzii, Hildenbrandia angolensis e Batrachospermum puiggarianum). O táxon com maior ocorrência no PVV foi o Zygogonium sp. (9 ocorrências), e no PNI o estágio "Chantransia" pygmaea foi o que ocorreu em maior número de pontos amostrados (15). Em relação aos tipos morfológicos, foram encontrados: filamentos livres (24%), filamentos gelatinosos (22%)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Previous studies suggest that, apparently, there are specific standards to describe the structure and composition of macroalgae communities in lotic environments depending on the characteristics of the biome to which they belong. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate, comparatively, the floristic composition, community structure and spatial distribution of lotic macroalgae communities from protected areas (PAs) with two distinct biomes, Grassland on Vila Velha State Park (VVP) and Semideciduous Seasonal Forest on the Iguazu National Park (INP). In addition, we intended to compare the macroalgal communities in the four seasons, to verify the possible existence of temporal patterns. The sampling sites were carried out from five segments of stream, 10 m length, in each PA, by means of the transect technique, where the environmental variables (temperature, oxygen, pH, conductivity, turbidity, depth and current velocity) were measured, as well the presence and abundance of each species of seaweed. These biotic parameters were evaluated using visual analysis of stream/river. The samplings were taken once every season. The taxonomic study recorded 37 macroalgae in total, with 16 taxa occurring exclusively in VVP, 18 taxa occurring exclusively in INP and only three taxa occurring in both parks (Phormidium retzii, Hildenbrand angolensis and Batrachospermum puiggarianum). The taxon with the highest frequency of occurrence in the VVP was Zygogonium sp. (9 sites), whereas in INP "Chantransia" pygmaea is what happened to a greater number of sampled sites (15). Respecting the morphological types were found: free filaments (24%), gelatinous filaments (22%), mats (19%), gelatinous colonies... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Books on the topic "Macroalgae biomass"
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Great Britain. Foreign and Commonwealth Office., ed. Community-COST concertation agreement on a concerted action project in the field of aquatic primary biomass (marine macroalgae) (COST project 48): Brussels, 25 September 1986. London: HMSO, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Macroalgae biomass"
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Hou, Xiaoru, Randi Neerup, and Anne-Belinda Bjerre. "Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity analysis of seaweed biomass." In Protocols for Macroalgae Research, 237–48. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21460-15.
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Messyasz, Beata, Marta Pikosz, and Ewa Treska. "Biology of Freshwater Macroalgae and Their Distribution." In Algae Biomass: Characteristics and Applications, 17–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74703-3_3.
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Chojnacka, Katarzyna. "Using the Biomass of Seaweeds in the Production of Components of Feed and Fertilizers." In Handbook of Marine Macroalgae, 478–90. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119977087.ch31.
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Varejão, Jorge M. T. B., and Raphaela Nazaré. "Chapter 6: Ethanol Production from Macroalgae Biomass." In Algal Biofuels, 189–200. 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315152547-7.
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Adams, Jessica. "Biofuels from Macroalgal Biomass." In Biofuels and Bioenergy, 213–25. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118350553.ch13.
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Ruiz, Héctor A., Rosa M. Rodríguez-Jasso, Mario Aguedo, and Zsófia Kádár. "Hydrothermal Pretreatments of Macroalgal Biomass for Biorefineries." In Algal Biorefineries, 467–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20200-6_15.
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Kareya, Mukul S., Anju Mehra, Asha A. Nesamma, and Pannaga P. Jutur. "Valorisation of Macroalgal Biomass for Sustainable Biorefineries." In Sustainable Global Resources Of Seaweeds Volume 1, 603–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91955-9_32.
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Aziam, R., L. Boukarma, M. Abali, S. Nouaa, E. Eddaoudi, F. Sinan, and M. Chiban. "Evaluation of Macroalgal Biomass for Removal of Hazardous Organic Dyes from Wastewater." In Advanced Removal Techniques for Dye-containing Wastewaters, 195–215. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3164-1_7.
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Morand, Philippe, Roger H. Charlier, and Jacques Mazé. "European bioconversion projects and realizations for macroalgal biomass: Saint-Cast-Le-Guildo (France) experiment." In Thirteenth International Seaweed Symposium, 301–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2049-1_43.
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Dursun, Nesrin. "Various Applications to Macroalgal and Microalgal Biomasses for Biohydrogen and Biomethane Production." In Clean Energy Production Technologies, 147–85. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6810-5_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Macroalgae biomass"
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Zhu, Zhe, Saqib Sohail Toor, Lasse Rosendahl, Donghong Yu, and Guanyi Chen. "Experimental Study of Subcritical Water Liquefaction of Biomass: Effects of Catalyst and Biomass Species." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6708.
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In this work, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wood industry residues (wood, bark, sawdust) and macroalgae for producing biofuels has been investigated under subcritical water conditions (at temperature of 300 °C), with and without the presence of a catalyst. The effects of catalyst and biomass type (woody and non-woody) on the biomass conversion, bio-crude yield, and the qualities of products were studied. The results suggested that the addition of potassium carbonate as a catalyst showed a positive effect on bio-crude yield, especially for wood, where it was enhanced to 47.48 wt%. Macroalgae showed a higher biomass conversion and a lower bio-crude yield than other woody biomass investigated in the present study, irrespective of whether the catalyst was used. Meanwhile, the effect of catalyst on macroalgae was less significant than that of woody biomass. The heating values and thermal stability of all bio-crudes were analyzed. The results showed that the higher heating values (HHVs) were in the range of 24.15 to 31.79 MJ/kg, and they were enhanced in the presence of a catalyst, except for that of the macroalgae. The solid residues were characterized by heating value, SEM and FTIR. It was found that the addition of K2CO3 lowered the solids quality in terms of the heating values, while it did not have apparent effect on the functional groups of solid residues. SEM analysis of the raw biomass and solid residues revealed that the char formation for wood, sawdust and macroalgae had initially finished when they were treated in hot compressed water at 300 °C, while conversion of bark had not completed yet.
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Goudey, Clifford A. "Wave Basin Tests of a Novel Offshore Macroalgae Farming System." In SNAME 30th American Towing Tank Conference. SNAME, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/attc-2017-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Macroalgae cultivation in the ocean stands as a promising source of feedstock for biofuels and chemicals. It is particularly attractive because of the efficiency of these marine plants in converting sunlight into biomass and because this type of farming can be done without the risk of displacing land and freshwater from their essential role in feeding the human population. However, there are challenges to achieving this potential due to the limitations of present farming methods. In order to compete economically with land-based biomass production, the bioeconomics of seaweed farming must improve and the areas where it can be practiced must be expanded. Present methods of growing seaweeds are confined to narrow strips along the coasts that are both protected and sufficiently shallow. In order to meaningfully exploit the US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), engineered systems must be developed for high-energy locations in deep water and at an unprecedented scale. This paper will present an innovative design for the farming seaweed in the open ocean and will describe a series of tests conducted at Ohmsett - The National Oil Spill Response Research & Renewable Energy Test Facility - in Leonardo, NJ. The facility was used for these tests because the capabilities matched well testing needs and because the facility uses seawater. Actual fronds of kelp were needed for testing in order to correlate their hydrodynamic characteristics with the scaled materials in 1/20th-scale testing of the structure that was the prime focus of the tests. The results on the resistance testing of single and multiple fronds of kelp will be reported as well as those for the model materials. The results of the tests on various structural models both in currents and in currents and waves will be presented. These tests allowed the measurement of system drag and loads internal to the structure. Accelerations were also measured to determine motions and to predict inertial loading. These tests have allowed us to more confidently design prototype systems that have the potential to revolutionize the domestic seaweed-farming sector.
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SILVA, Vitoria de Souza Fernandes da, Marcia Cristina Campos de OLIVEIRA, Rodrigo Cesar Fernandes BARBOSA, and Marcelo Duarte PONTES. "Avaliação metodologias de extração de Ulvana e composição química do resíduo da extração." In I Simpósio de bolsistas da FIPERJ. Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - FIPERJ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57068/simposio.fiperj.334.
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Dentre as macroalgas com potencial de produção para o Rio de Janeiro, o gênero Ulva ocorre naturalmente e possui elevado crescimento e capacidade de filtração da água. A Ulva é geralmente rica em ulvana, polissacarídeo sulfatado que compõe sua parede celular com propriedades geleificante, além de muitas atividades biológicas benéficas, tais como antioxidante e imunomoduladora, despertando o interesse de indústrias dos setores alimentícios e farmacêuticos. A produção de ulvana, pelo seu elevado valor de mercado, pode impulsionar a cadeia de produção desta macroalga. A metodologia tradicional utilizada para extração demanda alta temperatura e pressão, fato que motiva a aplicação de metodologias alternativas que apresentem maior viabilidade ambiental e econômica. Além disso, uma destinação rentável deve ser dada à maior parcela possível da biomassa de ulva produzida. O resíduo da extração tem grande potencial para ser incorporado em dietas para organismos aquáticos, compondo a matriz de ingredientes complementares com produção local. Neste sentido foram avaliadas metodologias de extração da ulvana e a composição do resíduo desta extração. A macroalga coletada apresentou rendimento de 14,08±1,14% de rendimento na produção do farelo de alga. A composição química do farelo foi 84,86% de Matéria seca; 242,8g de de Proteína bruta (Nx6,25)/kg; 211,7g de Proteína bruta corrigida (Nx5,45)/kg; 6,2g de Extrato etéreo/Kg; 216,2g de Matéria mineral/kg; 2,0g de Fósforo total/kg; 41,5g de fibra bruta /kg e energia bruta de 2850 kcal/kg. As metodologias de extração da ulvana testada tiveram influência (p.
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Arias Gallego, Carolina, Shashank Sakleshpur Nagaraja, and Mani Sarathy. "Pyrolysis of Macroalga Macrocystis Pyrifera for Production of Green Carbon-Negative Hydrogen." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210809-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Stringent emission norms worldwide have provided an impetus to explore alternative sustainable fuels that are carbon neutral. Hydrogen is touted as one of the potential fuels that aid decarbonization. Biomass, especially the ones that do not compete with the food needs are considered promising feedstock for hydrogen production by thermal conversion. In the current study, the performance of the macroalga Macrocystis pyrifera in the thermal conversion through pyrolysis as a potential biomass for hydrogen production was examined. The macroalga Macrocystis pyrifera is a giant brown seaweed commonly found in the Pacific Rim. It is characterized by its fast-growing ability and photosynthetic metabolism that generates carbon sources from atmospheric CO2. This alga is a potential biomass to be applied in bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), which enables carbon-negative biofuels to avoid greenhouse emissions from biomass processing and use. Pyrolysis is a conventional method for the thermal conversion of biomass with low moisture into potential fuels. This process consists of decomposing the biomass into charcoal, light hydrocarbons, and non-condensable gases by the action of high temperatures (350-600°C) and the atmospheric pressure. The pyrolysis of the macroalga is applied to a process simulation in Aspen plus V12 with an optimization achieved by multiple sensitivity analyses. Additionally, to upgrade the hydrogen production from a carbon-neutral biofuel to BECCS, a carbon capture unit by physical absorption with dimethyl ethers of polyethylene glycol (DEPG) is included using a hierarchy user model of the software. The results showed a high sensitivity of the temperature. Additionally, a second reactor and a water gas shift unit were necessary to maximize the hydrogen production. The temperature profile showed a maximum production of hydrogen at 500°C with the following reduction of its yield at higher temperature values due to the enhanced carbon monoxide production. Additionally, a second reactor operating under the same conditions as a gasifier and a water gas shift unit based on the Le Chatelier principle successfully increased the hydrogen production by 50%. Finally, a hydrogen yield of 2.06% was reached. The study related to the thermal conversion of this alga is an opening to the study of the thermal conversion of biomass commonly found in desertic or semi-desertic climates such as halophytes or salicornia.
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Azzizah, Ulfa, Endang L. Widiastuti, and Henni W. Maharani. "Potential Taurine Content from Three Different Macroalgaes: Halimeda opuntia L., Sargassum sp. and Eucheuma cottonii L." In International Conference on Sustainable Biomass (ICSB 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210603.005.
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Rodriguez-Jasso, Rosa, Héctor A. Ruiz, Ana Gabriela Victorino, Daniela Cervantes Cisneros, Alejandra Cabello Galindo, Cristóbal Aguilar, and José António Couto Teixeira. "PRODUCTION OF MEXICAN BROWN MACROALGAE FUCOIDAN AND FUCOSIDASES UNDER AN INTEGRAL GREEN TECHNOLOGY BIOPROCESES BY THE BIOREFINERY CONCEPT." In Simpósio Nacional de Bioprocessos e Simpósio de Hidrólise Enzimática de Biomassa. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/sinaferm-2015-33856.
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Tang, Guifang, Yanjun Li, Paul S. Wills, Dennis M. Hanisak, and Bing Ouyang. "Development of a macroalgal biomass sensor for an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system." In Big Data III: Learning, Analytics, and Applications, edited by Fauzia Ahmad, Panos P. Markopoulos, and Bing Ouyang. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2587927.
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Silva Cordeiro, Edna Maria, Antonio A. da Silva Neto, Francisca Gleyciara Cavalcante Pinheiro, Ana Ribeiro Cassales, Renato Carrhá Leitão, Márjory Holanda Araújo, and Norma M. B. Benevides. "SACARIFICAÇÃO POR HIDRÓLISE ÁCIDA DO SUBPRODUTO DA EXTRAÇÃO DE HIDROCOLÓIDES DA MACROALGA MARINHA Solieria filiformis." In Simpósio Nacional de Bioprocessos e Simpósio de Hidrólise Enzimática de Biomassa. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/sinaferm-2015-33826.
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Fairman, William, Paul S. Wills, Dennis Hanisak, and Bing Ouyang. "Pseudorandom encoded-light for evaluating biomass (PEEB): a robust COTS macroalgal biomass sensor for the integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system." In Big Data IV: Learning, Analytics, and Applications, edited by Fauzia Ahmad, Panos P. Markopoulos, and Bing Ouyang. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2618773.
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Paraschiv, Gabriela-Mihaela. "STUDY�OF�THE�INVERTEBRATES�FAUNA�ASSOCIATED�OF�THE�MACROALGAL�BIOMASS�FROM�THE�ROMANIAN�BLACK�SEA�LITTORAL." In SGEM2012 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2012/s20.v5108.
Full textReports on the topic "Macroalgae biomass"
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Roesijadi, Guritno, Susanne B. Jones, Lesley J. Snowden-Swan, and Yunhua Zhu. Macroalgae as a Biomass Feedstock: A Preliminary Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1006310.
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Mitchell, Brian G., Amir Neori, Charles Yarish, D. Allen Davis, Tzachi Samocha, and Lior Guttman. The use of aquaculture effluents in spray culture for the production of high protein macroalgae for shrimp aqua-feeds. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597934.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The FAO has projected a doubling in world demand for seafood during the 21 ed from aquaculture of marine fish and shrimps fed primarily on fishmeal-based aquafeeds. However, current practices of high intensity monoculture of shrimp in coastal ponds and fish in offshore pens have been strongly criticized as being ecologically and socially unsustainable. This view derives from un- checked eutrophication of coastal marine ecosystems from fish farm effluents, and the destruction of coastal estuarine ecosystems by shrimp farm constructions, plus aquaculture’s reliance on wild-caught small fish - which are excellent food for humans, but instead are rendered into fishmeal and fish oil for formulating aquafeeds. Fishmeal-sparing and waste- reduction aquafeeds can only delay the time when fed aquaculture product are priced out of affordability for most consumers. Additionally, replacement of fishmeal protein and fish oil by terrestrial plant sources such as soybean meal and oil directly raises food costs for human communities in developing nations. New formulations incorporating sustainably-produced marine algal proteins and oils are growing in acceptance as viable and practical alternatives. This BARD collaborative research project investigated a sustainable water-sparing spray/drip culture method for producing high-protein marine macrophyte meals for incorporation into marine shrimp and fish diets. The spray culture work was conducted at laboratory-scale in the USA (UCSD-SIO) using selected Gracilariaand Ulvastrains isolated and supplied by UCONN, and outdoors at pilot-scale in Israel (IOLR-NCM) using local strains of Ulvasp., and nitrogen/phosphorus-enriched fish farm effluent to fertilize the spray cultures and produce seaweed biomass and meals containing up to 27% raw protein (dry weight content). Auburn University (USA) in consultation with TAMUS (USA) used the IOLR meals to formulate diets and conduct marine shrimp feeding trials, which resulted in mixed outcomes, indicating further work was needed to chemically identify and remove anti-nutritional elements present in the IOLR-produced seaweed meals.
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Andersen, Gisle, Christine Merk, Marie L. Ljones, and Mikael P. Johannessen. Interim report on public perceptions of marine CDR. OceanNets, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d3.4.
Full textAbstract:
This deliverable synthesizes the results on public perceptions of marine CDR methods from the first two years of OceanNETs. The purpose is to inform the other work packages in OceanNETs and stakeholders about our results in a timely and brief manner about the ways members of the public view marine CDR specifically but also in the broader context of net-zero targets and climate policy. The deliverable summarises results of two studies: (1) focus groups held in Germany and Norway that covered ocean fertilization, ocean alkalinity enhancement, artificial upwelling and blue carbon management and (2) a deliberative survey in Norway that covered ocean alkalinity enhancement, macroalgae farming with BECCS or biomass sinking and land-based BECCS and enhanced weathering as terrestrial approaches for comparison. Participants in both studies emphasise the importance of reducing emissions and changing consumptions patterns. They hardly discuss the need to remove CO2 from the atmosphere to reach the Paris climate goal and the concept of negative emissions seems difficult for them to engage with. Among the methods, participants prefer ecosystem-based approaches like mangrove or seagrass restoration over other methods like alkalinity enhancement or ocean fertilization. Participants are concerned about the actual feasibility of deployment at a relevant removal scale and for a longer period. Connected to this are concerns about the controllability of the deployment and the methods’ impact, like difficulties to control negative environmental effects from biomass sinking at the seafloor. They also question the buildup of additional infrastructure or additional interventions into nature on top of already existing human interference. The opportunity to deliberate the methods increases participants’ certainty about their assessment but only slightly changes the direction of the assessment.