Relevant bibliographies by topics / Macroalgae

Academic literature on the topic 'Macroalgae'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Macroalgae"

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Diansyah, Sufal, Ika Kusumawati, and Fandi Hardinata. "INVENTARISASI JENIS-JENIS MAKROALGA DI PANTAI LHOK BUBON KECAMATAN SAMATIGA KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT." JURNAL PERIKANAN TROPIS 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jpt.v5i1.1029.

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Indonesia has tropical marine waters rich in biodiversity. One of the organisms living in Indonesian coastal waters is macroalgae. Algae is one of the marine natural resources of economic value and has an ecological role as a high producer in the food chain and spawning place of marine biota. types of macroalgae have many benefits, ecologically and economically for the community. The ecological benefits of macroalgae are to provide habitat for several types of marine life such as species of crustaceans, mollusca, echinoderms, fish or other small algae. The economic value of macroalgae can be used as food, industrial raw materials, and materials for laboratories such as wet preserved materials, media materials for bacterial and fungal breeding to produce antibiotics, and there are also macroalgal types used as medicines. This study aims to identify and inventory the types of macroalgae in Lhok Bubon waters. The research method used is survey method, by identifying macroalga and inventory of macroalga contained in research location. The results of identification of macroalgae in Lhok Bubon waters are Caulerpa racemosa, Chaetomorpha anteninna, Halimeda micronesica, Boegesenia forbesi, Cladhopora hespetica, Halimeda discoidea, Chaetomorpha sp, Sargasum sp., Sargasum natans, Padina australis, Turbinaria ornata, Canistrocaptus crispatus, Asparagopsis taxiformis, Galaxaura filamentosa, dan Halymenia durvillei.
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Siqueiros Beltrones, D. A., and O. U. Hernández Almeida. "FLORÍSTICA DE DIATOMEAS EPIFITAS EN UN MANCHÓN DE MACROALGAS SUBTROPICALES." CICIMAR Oceánides 21, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2006): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v21i1-2.25.

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Se determinó la composición de especies de diatomeas epifitas en macroalgas de distintos taxa en una zona subtropical. Para ello, en un manchón ubicado en la playa Punta Roca Caimancito, B. C. S., se tomaron muestras de las macroalgas sobresalientes, en junio y diciembre de 2001, y abril, mayo y julio del 2002. Se identificaron 13 especies de macroalgas, de las cuales: Hydroclathrus clathrathus, Laurencia pacifica, L. johnstonii, Padina mexicana, P. caulescens y Codium spp. fueron las más conspicuas. El examen de la flora epifítica redituó 278 taxa de diatomeas, que es la máxima riqueza registrada para este tipo de sustrato, y de los cuales 44 son nuevos registros para la región. De los 75 géneros reconocidos de diatomeas, los mejor representados fueron: Mastogloia (25 especies), Amphora (23), Navicula (23), Nitzschia (22), Cocconeis (22), Lyrella (12) y Achnanthes (11). Los taxa más abundantes fueron Cocconeis disculus y C. dirupta. El número de taxa de diatomeas por especie hospedera también fue alto y varió entre 89 ( Codium spp.) y 143 ( L. pacifica), aunque las diferencias podrían deberse al número de especímenes procesados por especie de macroalga. Floristics of epiphytic diatoms in a patch of subtropical macroalgae The species composition of epiphytic diatom assemblages found on different taxa of subtropical macroalgae was determined. Samplings were carried out in a macroalgae bed located in Punta Roca Caimancito beach, B. C. S. in june and december 2001, and on april, may and july 2002, collecting the most frequent macroalgae taxa. The most conspicuous out of twelve macroalgae taxa were: Hydroclathrus clathrathus, Laurencia pacifica, L. johnstonii, Padina mexicana and P. caulescens. A total of 278 diatom taxa were recorded. This is the largest species richness recorded for this type of substrate, and out of which 44 are new records for the region. Out of 75 genera recognized the best represented were: Mastogloia (25 species), Amphora (23), Navicula (23), Nitzschia (22), Cocconeis (22), Lyrella (12) and Achnanthes (11). The most abundant taxa were Cocconeis disculus and C. dirupta. The number of diatom taxa per macroalgae species was also high, ranging from 89 (Codium spp.) to 143 (L. pacifica). Albeit, this difference could be attributed to the number of specimens collected per macroalga species.
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Siqueiros Beltrones, D. A., and O. U. Hernández Almeida. "FLORÍSTICA DE DIATOMEAS EPIFITAS EN UN MANCHÓN DE MACROALGAS SUBTROPICALES." CICIMAR Oceánides 21, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2006): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v21i1-2.25.

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Se determinó la composición de especies de diatomeas epifitas en macroalgas de distintos taxa en una zona subtropical. Para ello, en un manchón ubicado en la playa Punta Roca Caimancito, B. C. S., se tomaron muestras de las macroalgas sobresalientes, en junio y diciembre de 2001, y abril, mayo y julio del 2002. Se identificaron 13 especies de macroalgas, de las cuales: Hydroclathrus clathrathus, Laurencia pacifica, L. johnstonii, Padina mexicana, P. caulescens y Codium spp. fueron las más conspicuas. El examen de la flora epifítica redituó 278 taxa de diatomeas, que es la máxima riqueza registrada para este tipo de sustrato, y de los cuales 44 son nuevos registros para la región. De los 75 géneros reconocidos de diatomeas, los mejor representados fueron: Mastogloia (25 especies), Amphora (23), Navicula (23), Nitzschia (22), Cocconeis (22), Lyrella (12) y Achnanthes (11). Los taxa más abundantes fueron Cocconeis disculus y C. dirupta. El número de taxa de diatomeas por especie hospedera también fue alto y varió entre 89 ( Codium spp.) y 143 ( L. pacifica), aunque las diferencias podrían deberse al número de especímenes procesados por especie de macroalga. Floristics of epiphytic diatoms in a patch of subtropical macroalgae The species composition of epiphytic diatom assemblages found on different taxa of subtropical macroalgae was determined. Samplings were carried out in a macroalgae bed located in Punta Roca Caimancito beach, B. C. S. in june and december 2001, and on april, may and july 2002, collecting the most frequent macroalgae taxa. The most conspicuous out of twelve macroalgae taxa were: Hydroclathrus clathrathus, Laurencia pacifica, L. johnstonii, Padina mexicana and P. caulescens. A total of 278 diatom taxa were recorded. This is the largest species richness recorded for this type of substrate, and out of which 44 are new records for the region. Out of 75 genera recognized the best represented were: Mastogloia (25 species), Amphora (23), Navicula (23), Nitzschia (22), Cocconeis (22), Lyrella (12) and Achnanthes (11). The most abundant taxa were Cocconeis disculus and C. dirupta. The number of diatom taxa per macroalgae species was also high, ranging from 89 (Codium spp.) to 143 (L. pacifica). Albeit, this difference could be attributed to the number of specimens collected per macroalga species.
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Cordova, Muhammad Reza, and Ahmad Muhtadi. "Skrining Kemampuan Absorpsi Merkuri pada Makroalga Cokelat Hormophysa triquetra dan Makroalga Merah Gracilaria salicornia dari Pulau Pari." Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 2, no. 3 (December 28, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2017.v2i3.93.

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<strong>Screening of Mercury Absorption in Brown Macroalgae Hormophysa triquetra and Red Macroalgae Gracilaria salicornia from Pari Island.</strong> Macroalgae or seaweed has good absorptive capacity against all substances present in the aquatic environment, including mercury (Hg). The purpose of this study was to determine mercury content in brown macroalga <em>Hormophysa triquetra</em> and red macroalga <em>Gracilaria salicornia</em> and also on sediment and then assess the potential of both types of macroalgae as mercury bioaccumulator. Samples of macroalgae and sediment were taken from the northern, eastern, southern, and western regions of Pari Island, Seribu Archipelago in April 2016, analyzed by Mercury Analyzer NIC MA-3000. The results of this study indicated the mercury content in red macroalgae was higher than brown macroalgae. Mercury content in macroalgae from Pari Island waters was in the range of 21.50 ± 9.59 μg/kg (brown macroalga) and 41.45 ± 14.00 μg/kg (macroalgae red). The complexity of the functional groups makes the mercury content higher in the red macroalgae than in the brown macroalgae. The ability of mercury accumulation makes these macroalgae species potential to become bioaccumulator.
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Dziergowska, Katarzyna, Maja Wełna, Anna Szymczycha-Madeja, Jacek Chęcmanowski, and Izabela Michalak. "Valorization of Cladophora glomerata Biomass and Obtained Bioproducts into Biostimulants of Plant Growth and as Sorbents (Biosorbents) of Metal Ions." Molecules 26, no. 22 (November 16, 2021): 6917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226917.

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The aim of this study was to propose a complete approach for macroalgae biomass valorization into products useful for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection. In the first stage, the effects of macroalgal extracts and ZnO NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) on the germination and growth of radish were examined. Macroalgal extract was produced from freshwater macroalga, i.e., Cladophora glomerata by ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). The extract was used to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles. In germination tests, extracts and solutions of ZnO NPs were applied on paper substrate before sowing. In the second stage, sorption properties of macroalga, post-extraction residue, and ZnO NPs to absorb Cr(III) ions were examined. In the germination tests, the highest values of hypocotyl length (the edible part of radish), i.e., 3.3 and 2.6 cm were obtained for 60 and 80% extract (among the tested concentrations 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) and 10 and 50 mg/L NPs, respectively. The highest sorption capacity of Cr(III) ions (344.8 mg/g) was obtained by both macroalga and post-extraction residue at a pH of 5 and initial Cr(III) ions concentration of 200 mg/L. This study proves that macroalgae and products based on them can be applied in both sustainable agriculture and wastewater treatment.
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Martins, Nuno Tavares, Maria Alves Napolitani, João Pedro Guimarães Machado, Yocie Yoneshigue-Valentin, and Vinícius Peruzzi Oliveira. "Competitive interactions in marine macroalgae: an analysis of the literature by boolean operators." OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 21, no. 8 (August 23, 2023): 9675–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv21n8-099.

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Marine macroalgae are the ecological basis in most of the marine environments. Light and space, added to nutrients rank among the most important elements influencing their distribution in the marine environment. Thus, this work aimed to identify and quantify the current and past literature on marine macroalgae competitive interactions and to address the main questions on the competitive patterns and their consequences for community structure, as well as to compare the competitive capacity among different macroalgal taxa. To do so, a quantitative literature search was performed based on papers published from 1934 to 2022, using the following combination of Boolean operators and keywords: “Seaweed OR macroalgae OR macroalga, AND ecolog *, AND competiti *”. A total of 173 articles were then compiled and selected. Our results compiled 124 different macroalgae genera with 546 studied taxa on competition processes. Among them, 38% of the compiled taxa belonged to Ochrophyta; 31% Rhodophyta and 18% Chlorophyta. The most-studied genera were Dictyota (6.8%), Sargassum (6.8%), Ulva (4.9%) and Lobophora (4.2%). Space was the most analyzed limiting factor (40.9%), followed by papers related to herbivory (26.1%), and lastly by competition over nutrients (15.1%). Our results, while attesting to the overarching complexity of competitive interactions, nevertheless allowed us to summarize the current knowledge regarding the patterns of competitive interactions on macroalgae, thus providing a useful synthesis for new perspectives on marine systems and research.
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Kamal, Marwa, Neveen Abdel-Raouf, Khairiah Alwutayd, Hamada AbdElgawad, Mohamed Sayed Abdelhameed, Ola Hammouda, and Khaled N. M. Elsayed. "Seasonal Changes in the Biochemical Composition of Dominant Macroalgal Species along the Egyptian Red Sea Shore." Biology 12, no. 3 (March 7, 2023): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12030411.

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Macroalgae are significant biological resources in coastal marine ecosystems. Seasonality influences macroalgae biochemical characteristics, which consequentially affect their ecological and economic values. Here, macroalgae were surveyed from summer 2017 to spring 2018 at three sites at 7 km (south) from El Qusier, 52 km (north) from Marsa Alam and 70 km (south) from Safaga along the Red Sea coast, Egypt. Across all the macroalgae collected, Caulerpa prolifera (green macroalgae), Acanthophora spicifera (red macroalgae) and Cystoseira myrica, Cystoseira trinodis and Turbinaria ornata (brown macroalgae) were the most dominant macroalgal species. These macroalgae were identified at morphological and molecular (18s rRNA) levels. Then, the seasonal variations in macroalgal minerals and biochemical composition were quantified to determine the apt period for harvesting based on the nutritional requirements for commercial utilizations. The chemical composition of macroalgae proved the species and seasonal variation. For instance, minerals were more accumulated in macroalgae C. prolifera, A. spicifera and T. ornata in the winter season, but they were accumulated in both C. myrica and C. trinodis in the summer season. Total sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and phenolic contents were higher in the summer season. Accordingly, macroalgae collected during the summer can be used as food and animal feed. Overall, we suggest the harvesting of macroalgae for different nutrients and metabolites in the respective seasons.
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Farobie, Obie, Novi Syaftika, Edy Hartulistiyoso, Apip Amrullah, Asep Bayu, Navid R. Moheimani, Yukihiko Matsumura, and Surachai Karnjanakom. "The Potential of Sustainable Biogas Production from Macroalgae in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1038, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1038/1/012020.

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Abstract Indonesia is the second world’s major macroalgae producer after China, contributing to 28% of the global macroalgae production. Indonesia increased its macroalgae farming output from less than 4 million tons in 2010 to over 9.9 million tons in 2019. It is expected to continue rising to 13 million tons by 2024. The contribution of macroalgal products is quite significant, 60.7% of the total national aquaculture production. To achieve sustainable energy development goals in many developing countries, including Indonesia, biomass to energy technology such as the production of biogas form macroalgae has been considered one of the best options. Therefore, we aim to investigate the potential application of biomass to energy technology via the production of biogas from macroalgae as an alternative source of local power generation. Indonesia’s energy mix and several issues regarding macroalgae production are comprehensively reviewed. Additionally, we also discussed the process of macroalgal biogas production.
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Hagar Kamal Ahmed, Samia Heneidak, Abdel-Hamied Mohammed Rasmey, and Gihan Ahmed El Shoubaky. "Fatty acids composition and profiling of nine abundant marine Macroalgae, Egypt." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 24, no. 2 (August 30, 2023): 099–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2023.24.2.0311.

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This study analyzed the fatty acids composition and their profile qualitatively and quantitatively of the nine abundant macroalgal specimens collecting from Egyptian coasts. GC mass analysis identified 23 types, including 13 of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and 10 of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUSFA). SFA dominated with 78%, while MUFAs had 22%, and UFAs were negligible at 0.01%. MUSFA oleic acid (omega-9) was present in all species except green macroalgae Galaxura rugosa and Ulva fasciata, replaced by MUSFA linoleic acid (omega-6). Oleic acid methyl ester (omega-9) was registered in all the studied species, except red Hypnea cornuta & Jania rubens, and brown Hormophysa cuneiformis. Chlorophyta registered 35% of the fatty acid composition, followed by Rhodophyta (33%) and Phaeophyta (32%). Major SFAs were palmitic acid glycidyl ester, oleic acid glycidyl ester and palmitic methyl ester, comprising over half of total fatty acids. Red and brown macroalgae were richer in palmitic and oleic glycidyl esters, while green macroalgae had more palmitic methyl ester. Linoleic acid, nonadecylic acid, elaidic acid methyl ester, linoleic acid methyl, behenic acid, pentacosylic acid, palmitic acid, and trans-palmitoleic acid were exclusively identified in Chlorophyta. Lacceroic acid was distinguished in Rhodophyta, whereas pelargonic acid just appeared in brown alga Turbinaria turbinata. The maximum values of fatty acids were recorded in the green macroalga Caulerpa racemosa while reed macroalga Hypnea cornuta.was the minimum one. The research sheds light on the fatty acid composition and its potential implications for human health and nutrition.
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Bambaranda, B. V. A. S. Manori, Takuji W. Tsusaka, Anong Chirapart, Krishna R. Salin, and Nophea Sasaki. "Capacity of Caulerpa lentillifera in the Removal of Fish Culture Effluent in a Recirculating Aquaculture System." Processes 7, no. 7 (July 10, 2019): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7070440.

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Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food producing industries in the world. Aquaculture effluent contains high concentrations of inorganic nutrients. Reduction of these inorganic nutrients in aquaculture effluent is crucial for fulfilling the effluent standards or reuse of aquaculture effluent. This study investigated the effective use of green macroalga Caulerpa lentillifera as a bioremediatory species for nutrient removal from aquaculture effluent by conducting an on-station experiment and measurements. The effluent of a fish culture unit was circulated through a macroalgal culture unit every four days for a total of 60 days, allowing 15 circulations. Concentrations of inorganic nutrients (NO2−-N, NO3−-N, NH3-N, and PO43−) were measured in the integrated system consisting of a fish unit, settling unit, macroalgal unit and extra tank for water circulation in triplicates. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the application of the bioremediation system led to a significant reduction in nutrient concentrations within one day, and slightly further in the following two days. On average over the 15 circulations, the first one day of application decreased the concentrations of NO2−-N, NO3−-N, NH3-N, and PO43− by 0.247 mg/L, 81.6 mg/L, 0.682 mg/L, and 0.352 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the C:N ratio of macroalgae decreased during the 60-day application period, providing evidence of the nutrient uptake by macroalgae. Based on the European Union (EU) standard and quality criteria of France and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee (JFWEC), the macroalgae grown in the integrated system were at the safe level for human consumption in terms of contents of Cd, Pb, and As. The results of our study imply that recirculating aquaculture systems utilizing C. lentillifera for biofiltration have the potential for effective treatment of aquaculture effluent integrating fish and macroalgae production.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Macroalgae"

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Monteiro, Lorena Soares. "AbsorÃÃo de nutrientes pela macroalga Gracilaria Birdiae (Plastino & Oliveira, 2002) sob diferentes condiÃÃes fÃsicoquÃmicas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6700.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Dentre os recursos oriundos do mar, as macroalgas destacam-se como as de maior aproveitamento industrial. A sua abundÃncia e diversidade as tornam fontes de matÃria-prima para uma infinidade de produtos de uso humano e animal, alÃm dos benefÃcios ambientais resultantes da atividade algal na forma de O2 atmosfÃrico, remoÃÃo de nutrientes da Ãgua, modulaÃÃo climÃtica, combustÃveis fosseis e tambÃm na colheita de organismos que se alimentam das algas. A carcinicultura depende diretamente da boa qualidade da Ãgua para obter resultados satisfatÃrios de produÃÃo, portanto manter a qualidade do efluente da carcinicultura significa perpetuar a atividade. As macroalgas utilizam os nutrientes absorvidos para seu crescimento, enquanto contribuem com o melhoramento da qualidade ambiental dos ecossitemas aquÃticos. EspÃcies do gÃnero Gracilaria destacam-se pela capacidade de absorver rapidamente grandes quantidades de nutrientes dissolvidos orgÃnicos e inorgÃnicos. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a remoÃÃo de nutrientes da Ãgua de efluente de carcinicultura por macroalgas marinhas G. birdiae, a fim de fornecer informaÃÃes para um possÃvel cultivo integrado entre as espÃcies Litopenaeus vannamei e Gracilaria birdiae. Para isso, foram utilizados 25 recipientes onde foram distribuÃdos, aleatoriamente, 5 tratamentos com 5 repetiÃÃes, contendo 5, 10, 15 e 20 g de algas em 3 L de Ãgua de efluente de carcinicultura e ainda um controle sem algas. Este procedimento foi realizado com iluminaÃÃo constante e ainda com fotoperÃodo de 12h de claro e escuro, sendo tambÃm verificado a resistÃncia dos animais a situaÃÃo de dÃficit de oxigÃnio e o aporte de nutrientes para a Ãgua de cultivo dos animais. Cada experimento durou duas semanas e os resultados mostraram que a alga G. birdiae tem capacidade de retirar da Ãgua do efluente da carcinicultura em um curto perÃodo de tempo e em quantidades satisfatÃrias amÃnia e fÃsforo e ainda manter, sob iluminaÃÃo, concentraÃÃes suficientes de oxigÃnio na Ãgua.
Among marine resources, seaweeds have emerged as the one which have the largest industrial use. Their abundance and diversity make them a great source of raw material for countless products for human and animal use. More over seaweeds have a widely environmental importance, regarding to the atmospheric O2, water nutrients removing, fossil fuels, and also on the harvest of animals that eat marine algae. Shrimp culture is directly dependent on a good water quality for satisfactory production, therefore maintain the quality of shrimp farms effluent means to perpetuate the activity. Seaweeds absorb nutrients from the water and use them for their growth, while contribute to the environmental improvement of aquatic ecosystems. Gracilaria species stand out for the ability to quickly absorb large amounts of dissolved nutrients, not only organic, but also inorganic nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the nutrients removal from the effluent water from a shrimp farm by the seaweed G. birdiae, in order to provide information for a possible integrated shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and seaweed (G. birdiae) culture. For this, we used 25 containers, randomly distributed, with five treatments and five replications of 5, 10, 15 and 20 g of seaweed in 3 L of the effluent water from shrimp farm plus a control without seaweed. These procedures were performed with constant illumination and with a 12h light and dark photoperiod. The animals resistance of to periods of low oxygen, and the nutrients input generated by cultured animals have been checked. Each experiment lasted two weeks and the results showed that the alga G. birdiae has the capacity to withdraw from the shrimp farm effluent a satisfactory amount of ammonia and phosphorus in a short period of time, and still maintain, under illumination, sufficient concentrations of oxygen in the water. LISTA DE
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Pye, Karen. "The effects of eutrophication on the marine benthic flora of Langstone Harbour, South Coast of England." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343337.

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Schiener, Peter. "Bioethanol production from macroalgae." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2014. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/bioethanol-production-from-macroalgae(d1c0fd4d-3a91-4d17-be4f-0b7b2af86e11).html.

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Seaweed biomass has been identified as a potential fermentation substrate for third generation biofuel processes due to its high carbohydrate content and its potential for mass cultivation without competing for agricultural land, fresh water and fertilisers. This thesis aimed to develop and advance existing processes to convert brown seaweeds into bioethanol. The main kelp species chosen as biomass candidates were Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta due to their abundance in Scottish waters and their identified potential for mariculturing. These kelp species were chemically characterised to identify seasonal variations, to recommend suitable seaweed candidates for bioethanol production and predict best harvest times. This has only been demonstrated before on one species - L. digitata. The chemical composition analyses were carried out over a 14 months sampling period, which focused on the storage carbohydrates laminarin and mannitol and the structural carbohydrates alginate, cellulose, fucoidan and xylose. In addition to carbohydrates the protein, nitrogen, carbon, polyphenol, ash and metal content was also profiled. Chemical profiling identified all four kelps as potential fermentation candidates, where maximum carbohydrate contents coincided with lowest ash and polyphenol content, usually seen in autumn. Biomass pre-treatment and saccharification are up-stream processes aimed at enhancing extraction of carbohydrates and converting those into fermentable substrates. Conversion of seaweed biomass into fermentation substrate evaluated acids and enzymes for seaweed pre-treatment and saccharification. Methodologies focused on optimising saccharification yields were developed to identify process critical parameters and develop methods for routine analysis of seaweed biomass. Results demonstrated that dilute acid hydrolysis was were less effective in releasing fermentable sugars, and also resulted in higher salinities compared to enzymatic hydrolysis using hemicellulosic and cellulosic enzymes, which were the preferred method of saccharification. All seaweeds in this thesis were assessed as fermentation substrates using the yeasts S. cerevisiae and P. angophorae, that principally ferment glucose or mannitol, respectively. Small-scale fermentation assays were developed for both yeasts to maximise ethanol yields and achieve process robustness. Both yeasts achieved a maximum ethanol yield of 0.17 g g-1 using Laminaria spp. On the basis of results, S. cerevisiae is recommended as the most useful yeast at this present point for ethanol fermentation from seaweed hydrolysates because of its tolerance to high salinity and ethanol concentrations. As salinity can negatively affect non-halotolerant enzymes, isolation of marine microorganisms was therefore carried out with the aim to highlight their enzymatic potential in seaweed saccharification. This was achieved through the isolation of two members of the genus Pseudoalteromonas, where saccharification yields using crude intracellular enzyme preparations exceeded those of dilute acids. In addition, the fermentative potential of microbial isolates as future ethanologenic strains was also evaluated. Understanding of the metabolic pathways is needed to fully assess the potential of those strains for genetic alteration. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated that up to ca. 20 g l-1 of ethanol can be produced from kelp species that grow on the west coast of Scotland. The procedure developed and used to produce ethanol requires further development, specifically the need for ethanol-fermenting microorganisms that can utilize mannitol and alginate; use of marine-adapted enzymes for saccharifiction; and the development of processes to achieve substrate concentration with reduced salinities. Comparison of theoretical ethanol yields from seaweed biomass with ethanol yields from terrestrial crops showed that the complete utilisation of all three major seaweed carbohydrates (laminarin, mannitol and alginate) from kelp species is needed for the process to be able to compete with 1st generation biofuel processes.
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Ross, Michael Eric. "Wastewater treatment by filamentous macroalgae." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31512.

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An increase in anthropogenic activity has led to the heightened levels of pollution entering aquatic systems. These excessive concentrations of heavy metals, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in water bodies can lead to several adverse impacts, such as eutrophication and human health risks. Therefore, the removal of pollutants from wastewaters, prior to their discharge into the natural environment, is of paramount importance. However, conventional wastewater treatment (WWT) technologies have their limitations; for instance, large capital/operational costs, and incomplete removal of contaminants. Therefore, innovative and more effective treatment technologies are required. Macro-algae typically have high growth and solar energy conversion rates, and are able to sequester nutrients, utilise CO2, and adsorb metals from aquatic environments. Therefore, algae may have potential applications in WWT. Furthermore, costs could be negated by the production of renewable algal biomass which may have a variety of commercially exploitable applications. However, issues such as poor selection of species or cultivation systems, and a lack of understanding of the influence of biological, chemical and physical factors, particularly in a highly dynamic wastewater environments, has led to varied results and prevented algal WWT becoming a widespread reality. In this thesis the algae Cladophora coelothrix and Cladophora parriaudii were studied as potential organisms for implementation into WWT. In addition to the features mentioned above, Cladophora was selected due to its ubiquity, filamentous morphology, which minimises harvesting costs, as well as their natural dominance and bloom forming behaviour in nutrient-rich environments. The influence of dewatering techniques, environmental factors, and nutrient regime upon the growth, nutrient/metal removal, and biochemical composition of the biomass were assessed. The first aspect of the thesis was an abiotic screening process, in order to investigate the robustness of Cladophora and its suitability for WWT applications on a fundamental level. Good rates of growth (4-13.3% d-1) and nutrient removal (45.2-99.9%) were observed throughout the screening process, except under the most extreme of conditions, e.g. pH 3. This indicated that Cladophora are potentially suitable for treating a broad range of wastewaters and merit further research to improve its potential applicability for WWT applications and commercial realisation. For instance, developing a reliable and accurate method for fresh weight (FW) assessment and hence productivity estimation. The determination of growth rate via FW measurement is one of the most basic aspects of algal biology, yet no standardised method exists for filamentous macro-algae. A variety of FW methods were systematically assessed in terms of accuracy and physiological impact. Methods involving mechanical pressing to dewater the biomass resulted in >25% reduction in the final biomass yield, compared to control cultures. The best method for FW determination employed a reticulated spinner, which was rapid, reliable, and easily standardised. Furthermore, this approach ensured accurate growth estimation with minimal physiological impact, measured as growth, maintenance of structural integrity and nutrient removal. This indicates that the method developed has the potential for widespread application in macro-algal cultivation, as such the method was employed throughout this thesis. The influence of nutrient regime on growth, biochemical composition, and bioremediation capacity was studied for both species of Cladophora. The nutrient regimes tested, representative of a broad variety of wastewaters, included four different N/P ratios, four N sources (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite and urea), and six different equimolar N source combinations provided at two N/P ratios. There were clear differences in performance between the two species, with higher rates of growth observed in all instances by C. parriaudii (4.75-11.2% d-1 vs. 3.98-7.37% d-1). Furthermore, ammonium was removed preferentially, whereas urea was removed secondarily. However, the presence of urea in the medium enhanced growth and uptake of the other co-existing N-forms, and yielded a carbohydrate-rich biomass (37.6-54% DW). These findings demonstrate that algal strain selection is important for treating wastewaters with specific nutrient profiles. In addition, results from this study suggest that nutrient regimes can be tailored to produce biomass with certain properties or characteristics, which make it suitable for further, potentially commercially viable, applications, such as metal biosorption. Since the biochemical characteristics of algal biomass were shown to be affected by nutrient regime, the final chapter describes research investigating the influence of nutritional history on metal biosorption. C. parriaudii was cultivated under different nutrient regimes to produce biomass of varying biochemical composition. This biomass was then used for metal removal, with maximum removal rates ranging from 1.08-2.35 mmol g1, 0.3-0.62 mmol g-1, 0.22-0.48 mmol g-1, and 0.43-0.61 mmol g-1 for Al2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Pb2+, respectively. Observations from this work indicate that metal removal is achieved by various mechanisms including adsorption, ion exchange, complexation and micro-precipitation, and that the biosorption efficacy is dependent upon the number and type of functional groups present, which are in turn influenced by the cultures nutrient regime. Overall, this study demonstrates the inter-relatedness of biological, chemical, and physical factors on algal growth, nutrient removal, biochemical composition, and metal biosorption. Results from this work have highlighted the need for standardisation in protocols, increased understanding of the influence of algal selection and nutrient characteristics in bioremediation, and highlighted the importance of considering biological aspects, specifically nutritional history, in biosorption studies.
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Marshall, Rhoda A. "Halocarbon production by red macroalgae (Rhodophyta)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326295.

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Mellor, A. "The uptake of metals by marine macroalgae." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268333.

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Evans, Oliver Graham Evans. "Modeling the Light Field in Macroalgae Aquaculture." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1542810712432336.

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Margarido, Tatiana Cristina Stefani. "Biomarcadores de exposição em macroalgas Gracilaria domingensis expostas a cádmio e cobre." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-02032017-123729/.

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Nos últimos anos, os metais vêm ganhando maior atenção em estudos devido aos impactos causados no ambiente, sua persistência e capacidade de bioacumulação e biomagnificação. As zonas costeiras por sua localização sofrem danos maiores, principalmente devido à grande quantidade de efluentes depositada nessa área provenientes de atividades urbanas, industriais, agrícolas e mineiras, dentre outras. As algas são organismos que compõe a base da cadeia alimentar e possuem ainda capacidade de estocar metais tornando-os menos disponíveis para as espécies que habitam a região. Tal característica torna esse organismo uma alternativa economicamente viável e ecológica em processos de biorremediação. As macroalgas pertencentes ao gênero Gracilaria, possuem grande importância econômica na produção de ágar, e alguns de seus metabólitos são utilizados no ramo farmacêutico, medicinal e de cosméticos. No entanto, esse gênero pode ser também um bom bioindicador da presença de metais, e os efeitos causados por esses compostos, potenciais biomarcadores. O objetivo presente estudo é verificar os efeitos dos metais cobre (Cu) e cádmio (Cd) em enzimas antioxidantes e de biotransformação na espécie Gracilaria domingensis, e os mecanismos de retenção e detoxificação desses metais. A descrição desses mecanismos visa contribuir com a possibilidade de utilização dessas macroalgas para remediação de ambientes impactados. Para tanto foram desenvolvidos experimentos para definição de valores de IC50 que estabeleceram que os valores de IC50 para o cobre e cádmio para espécie Graciliaria domingensis são 10,6 e 1,05 mg/L, respectivamente. E foram feitos experimentos utilizando as concentrações de cobre de 5,3 e 10,6 mg/L (½ IC50 e IC50) por períodos de 1, 24 e 48 horas. Experimentos com grupos de recuperação, além de experimentos utilizando as concentrações determinadas pelo CONAMA 357/2005 e experimentos de perfil temporal de formação de fitoquelatinas e resposta de biomarcadores após 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas de exposição. As análises das algas expostas demonstraram aumento na atividade da glutationa peroxidase (GPx), glutationa-Stransferase (GST) e ascorbato peroxidase (APx). No entanto, a catalase (CAT) não apresentou atividade detectável, nem mesmo na presença do metal. As análises teste de fitoquelatinas, GSH e GSSG foram inconclusivas, porém os novos testes realizados com concentrações legisladas e relativas ao IC50 mostraram alterações significativas nos níveis de GSSG e GSH para exposição ao cobre, no entanto, o grupo tratado com cádmio foi o único que apresentou fitoquelatinas detectáveis. A espécie Gracilaria domingensis tem demonstrado potencial como organismos bioindicador e os biomarcadores estão fornecendo resultados promissores.
In the last years great importance are being dedicated to the research of metals because of their environmental impact, persistence and the possibility of bioacummulation and biomagnification. The large amount of effluents produced by urban, industrial, agricultural and mining activities among others affect particularly the coastal areas. In this context, the algae which compose the basis of the foodweb, and have the capacity to stock metals decreasing their availability in the environment and therefore to other species inhabiting the area. Such characteristic make the algae a feasibly economic and ecological alternative to be used in bioremediation approaches. Macroalgae belonging to the genus Gracilaria, possess already an economical importance in the production of agar and, some of its metabolites are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. The organisms of this genus can also be an indicator of the metal presence in the environment and the effects caused by these compounds potential biomarkers. The objective of this project is to assess the effect of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) on antioxidant or biotransformation enzymes in the algae Gracilaria domingensis and also the mechanisms of retention and detoxification of these metals. The description of these mechanisms can contribute to further use this macroalgae to bioremediation processes. Experiments established the IC50 of copper and cadmium in Gracilaria domingensis at 10.6 and 1.05 mg. L-1, respectively. Experiments using the copper\'s concentrations 5.3 and 10.6 mg. L-1 (½ IC50 and IC50) for 1, 24 and 48 h of were performed. Besides experiments with recovery groups, experiments using CONAMA 357/2005 concentration and experiment with different times of exposure (24, 48,72 and 96 hours) to understand better when phytochelatins starts to be produced and a profile of biomarkers The analysis of exposed algae to copper demonstrated an increased activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and ascorbate peroxidase (APx). Interestingly, the catalase (CAT) activity was not detected even though in the presence of metal. Other experiments using concentration determined by CONAMA and IC50 was performed, as well experiments using recovery groups, and a temporal profile, to see the results for 24, 48, 72 e 96 hours of exposure. The analysis of phytochelatine, GSH and GSSG test were inconclusive and new conducted tests with CONAMA\'s and IC50 concentration showed significant alterations in the levels of GSSG e GSH for the samples exposed to copper, however, only the group treated with cadmium demonstrated detectable levels of phytochelatin. The species Gracilaria domingensis has been demonstrating the potential as a bioindicator organism and the biomarkers are producing promising results.
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Cruz, Ana Raquel Lima da. "A importância das macroalgas castanhas para o desenvolvimento de nutracêuticos." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7370.

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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
A crescente preocupação da população em geral com a saúde e bem-estar incentiva a indústria a apostar em produtos que se revelam benéficos na prevenção e/ou tratamento de doenças. A natureza tem sido desde sempre a maior fonte de moléculas com atividades biológicas interessantes. Nos últimos anos tem vindo a crescer o interesse pelo estudo dos compostos obtidos de organismos marinhos, nomeadamente as macroalgas. As macroalgas são um grupo muito heterogéneo que pode ser subdivido em três grupos distintos de acordo com a pigmentação que apresentam. As macroalgas castanhas por possuírem compostos exclusivos são estudadas intensivamente. Com um elevado valor nutritivo, mas de um baixo teor calórico, as macroalgas castanhas apresentam na sua constituição, entre outros compostos, metabolitos secundários biologicamente ativos nomeadamente polifenóis, que além de conferirem proteção às macroalgas ainda apresentam, entre outras, propriedades antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórias que podem ser incorporados em nutracêuticos. Com o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, pretende-se analisar as propriedades biológicas de diversos compostos extraídos das macroalgas castanhas e os seus possíveis benefícios na incorporação dos mesmos em nutracêuticos.
The greater concern of the general population with health and well-being encourages an industry in products that show benefits in the prevention and / or treatment of diseases. Nature has always been the largest source of molecules with interesting biological activities. In recent years there has been growing interest in the study of compounds of marine organisms, such as macroalgae. Macroalgae are a very heterogeneous group that can be subdivided into three distinct groups according to a pigmentation it presents. As brown macroalgae because they have a way of getting free are intensively studied. With a high nutritional value, but with low caloric content, such as brown macroalgae, among others, metabolites that are biologically active are polyphenols, which also confer the guarantee to macroalgae still present, among others, antioxidant and anti-oxidant properties that can be incorporated into nutraceuticals. In order to carry out the work, we intend to analyze the biological characteristics of the compounds extracted from the macroalgae and to allow the incorporation of the same in nutraceuticals.
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Monteiro, Lorena Soares. "Absorção de nutrientes pela macroalga Gracilaria Birdiae (Plastino & Oliveira, 2002) sob diferentes condições físicoquímicas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18476.

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MONTEIRO, Lorena Soares. Absorção de nutrientes pela macroalga Gracilaria Birdiae (Plastino & Oliveira, 2002) sob diferentes condições físicoquímicas. 2011. 84 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Fortaleza-CE, 2011
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Among marine resources, seaweeds have emerged as the one which have the largest industrial use. Their abundance and diversity make them a great source of raw material for countless products for human and animal use. More over seaweeds have a widely environmental importance, regarding to the atmospheric O2, water nutrients removing, fossil fuels, and also on the harvest of animals that eat marine algae. Shrimp culture is directly dependent on a good water quality for satisfactory production, therefore maintain the quality of shrimp farms effluent means to perpetuate the activity. Seaweeds absorb nutrients from the water and use them for their growth, while contribute to the environmental improvement of aquatic ecosystems. Gracilaria species stand out for the ability to quickly absorb large amounts of dissolved nutrients, not only organic, but also inorganic nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the nutrients removal from the effluent water from a shrimp farm by the seaweed G. birdiae, in order to provide information for a possible integrated shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and seaweed (G. birdiae) culture. For this, we used 25 containers, randomly distributed, with five treatments and five replications of 5, 10, 15 and 20 g of seaweed in 3 L of the effluent water from shrimp farm plus a control without seaweed. These procedures were performed with constant illumination and with a 12h light and dark photoperiod. The animals resistance of to periods of low oxygen, and the nutrients input generated by cultured animals have been checked. Each experiment lasted two weeks and the results showed that the alga G. birdiae has the capacity to withdraw from the shrimp farm effluent a satisfactory amount of ammonia and phosphorus in a short period of time, and still maintain, under illumination, sufficient concentrations of oxygen in the water. LISTA DE
Dentre os recursos oriundos do mar, as macroalgas destacam-se como as de maior aproveitamento industrial. A sua abundância e diversidade as tornam fontes de matéria-prima para uma infinidade de produtos de uso humano e animal, além dos benefícios ambientais resultantes da atividade algal na forma de O2 atmosférico, remoção de nutrientes da água, modulação climática, combustíveis fosseis e também na colheita de organismos que se alimentam das algas. A carcinicultura depende diretamente da boa qualidade da água para obter resultados satisfatórios de produção, portanto manter a qualidade do efluente da carcinicultura significa perpetuar a atividade. As macroalgas utilizam os nutrientes absorvidos para seu crescimento, enquanto contribuem com o melhoramento da qualidade ambiental dos ecossitemas aquáticos. Espécies do gênero Gracilaria destacam-se pela capacidade de absorver rapidamente grandes quantidades de nutrientes dissolvidos orgânicos e inorgânicos. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a remoção de nutrientes da água de efluente de carcinicultura por macroalgas marinhas G. birdiae, a fim de fornecer informações para um possível cultivo integrado entre as espécies Litopenaeus vannamei e Gracilaria birdiae. Para isso, foram utilizados 25 recipientes onde foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, 5 tratamentos com 5 repetições, contendo 5, 10, 15 e 20 g de algas em 3 L de água de efluente de carcinicultura e ainda um controle sem algas. Este procedimento foi realizado com iluminação constante e ainda com fotoperíodo de 12h de claro e escuro, sendo também verificado a resistência dos animais a situação de déficit de oxigênio e o aporte de nutrientes para a água de cultivo dos animais. Cada experimento durou duas semanas e os resultados mostraram que a alga G. birdiae tem capacidade de retirar da água do efluente da carcinicultura em um curto período de tempo e em quantidades satisfatórias amônia e fósforo e ainda manter, sob iluminação, concentrações suficientes de oxigênio na água.
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Books on the topic "Macroalgae"

1

Kim, Se-Kwon, ed. Handbook of Marine Macroalgae. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119977087.

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W, Lawson George, and Ameka Gabriel K, eds. The marine macroalgae of the tropical West Africa sub-region. Berlin: J. Cramer, 2003.

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Braithwaite, Richard. Fouling macroalgae and the efficacy of toxic antifouling paints and biocides. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, 2003.

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Bischoff-Bäsmann, Bettina. Temperaturbedarf und Biogeographie mariner Makroalgen: Anpassung mariner Makroalgen an tiefe Temperaturen = Temperature requirements and biogeography of marine macroalgae : adaptation of marine macroalgae to low temperatures. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1997.

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Nyberg, Cecilia D. Introduced marine macroalgae and habitat modifiers: Their ecological role and significant attributes. Göteborg: Department of Marine Ecology, Göteborg University, 2007.

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Nyberg, Cecilia D. Introduced marine macroalgae and habitat modifiers: Their ecological role and significant attributes. Göteborg: Department of Marine Ecology, Göteborg University, 2007.

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(Australia), Materials Research Laboratories, ed. Checklist and bibliography of benthic marine macroalgae recorded from northern Australia. III. Chlorophyta. Ascot Vale, Vic: Dept. of Defence, Materials Research Laboratories, 1987.

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(Australia), Materials Research Laboratories, ed. Checklist and bibliography of benthic marine macroalgae recorded from northern Australia. II, Phaeophyta. Ascot Vale, Vic: Dept. of Defence, Materials Research Laboratories, 1985.

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Laboratory, Benedict Estuarine Research. Phytoplankton, nutrients, macroalgae, and submerged aquatic vegetation in Delaware's inland bays, 1985-1986. [Dover, DE: The Dept., 1988.

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Alstyne, Kathryn Lyn Van. Activated defense systems in marine macroalgae: Evidence for an ecological role for DMSP cleavage. [Halstead, Germany]: Inter-Research, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Macroalgae"

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Kennish, Michael J. "Macroalgae." In Encyclopedia of Estuaries, 387–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_9.

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Spalding, Heather L., Gilberto M. Amado-Filho, Ricardo G. Bahia, David L. Ballantine, Suzanne Fredericq, James J. Leichter, Wendy A. Nelson, Marc Slattery, and Roy T. Tsuda. "Macroalgae." In Coral Reefs of the World, 507–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92735-0_29.

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Häder, Donat-P. "Polar Macroalgae." In Aquatic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate, 253–67. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis Group, [2018] | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429436130-13.

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Häder, Donat-P. "Mid-Latitude Macroalgae." In Aquatic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate, 227–51. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis Group, [2018] | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429436130-12.

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Day, John G. "Cryopreservation of macroalgae." In Protocols for Macroalgae Research, 79–94. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21460-4.

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McCarthy, Daniel A., Kenyon C. Lindeman, David B. Snyder, and Karen G. Holloway-Adkins. "Macroalgae and Cyanobacteria." In Islands in the Sand, 47–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40357-7_3.

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Samaraweera, A. Malshani, Janak K. Vidanarachchi, and Maheshika S. Kurukulasuriya. "Industrial Applications of Macroalgae." In Handbook of Marine Macroalgae, 500–521. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119977087.ch33.

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Duan, Delin. "Commercial Production of Macroalgae." In Algae Biotechnology, 67–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12334-9_4.

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Friedrich, Michael W. "Bacterial Communities on Macroalgae." In Ecological Studies, 189–201. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28451-9_10.

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Pereira, Leonel. "Macroalgae: Diversity and Conservation." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71064-8_33-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Macroalgae"

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Al-AShwal, Aisha Ahmed, Noora Al-Naimi, Jassim Al-Khayat, Bruno Giraldes, Najat Al-Omari, Noora Al-Fardi, Caesar Sorino, and Ekhlas Abdelbari. "Distribution and Diversity of Benthic Marine Macroalgae in Islands around Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0052.

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Extending into the Arabian Gulf, Qatar is surrounded by a number of islands mostly scattered by the eastern coastline. With the unique physical characteristics of the Gulf, which is a highly saline sea with high seawater temperatures, there is an urge need to investigate the macroalgae living in such harsh environment. Macroalgae plays an important role in the food web as they are primary producers and providers of food for other organisms. They also provide shelter and habitat in the marine ecosystem for herbivorous fish and other invertebrate animals. Additionally, macroalgae plays an outstanding role in reducing CO2 from the atmosphere and increasing the level of dissolved oxygen in their immediate environment. However, there are few studies on marine macroalgae in Qatar and no previous studies found related to macroalgae from the islands around Qatar. The present work contributes to the macroalgae research by providing the first survey of distribution and diversity of benthic marine macroalgae in islands around Qatar. The marine benthic green, red and brown macroalgae of intertidal and subtidal in marine zone areas around Qatar were collected during Qatar’s Islands project, which started 2018. The collected macroalgae are documented and a total of 67 species of macroalgae are recorded for all islands around Qatar, 24 Chlorophyta (Green algae), 25 Rhodophyta (Red algae) and 18 species Phaeophyta (Brown algae). The Red algae are dominant taxon in term of species richness, accounting for an average of 37% of the species at all study sites. The islands which had more species are Al-Beshaireya 58 Species, Al-Aaliya 53 Species, Sheraouh 48 Species, Janan 43 Species and Bu Felaita 37 Species. Our results show that islands located at eastern and southeastern coast of Qatar have more diversity of algae species than those located at the western and northwestern coast.
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Zhu, Zhe, Saqib Sohail Toor, Lasse Rosendahl, Donghong Yu, and Guanyi Chen. "Experimental Study of Subcritical Water Liquefaction of Biomass: Effects of Catalyst and Biomass Species." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6708.

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In this work, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wood industry residues (wood, bark, sawdust) and macroalgae for producing biofuels has been investigated under subcritical water conditions (at temperature of 300 °C), with and without the presence of a catalyst. The effects of catalyst and biomass type (woody and non-woody) on the biomass conversion, bio-crude yield, and the qualities of products were studied. The results suggested that the addition of potassium carbonate as a catalyst showed a positive effect on bio-crude yield, especially for wood, where it was enhanced to 47.48 wt%. Macroalgae showed a higher biomass conversion and a lower bio-crude yield than other woody biomass investigated in the present study, irrespective of whether the catalyst was used. Meanwhile, the effect of catalyst on macroalgae was less significant than that of woody biomass. The heating values and thermal stability of all bio-crudes were analyzed. The results showed that the higher heating values (HHVs) were in the range of 24.15 to 31.79 MJ/kg, and they were enhanced in the presence of a catalyst, except for that of the macroalgae. The solid residues were characterized by heating value, SEM and FTIR. It was found that the addition of K2CO3 lowered the solids quality in terms of the heating values, while it did not have apparent effect on the functional groups of solid residues. SEM analysis of the raw biomass and solid residues revealed that the char formation for wood, sawdust and macroalgae had initially finished when they were treated in hot compressed water at 300 °C, while conversion of bark had not completed yet.
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Capron, Mark E., Zach Moscicki, Reginald Blaylock, Corey Sullivan, Kelly Lucas, Igor Tsukrov, Michael D. Chambers, et al. "Ocean Forests: Breakthrough Yields for Macroalgae." In OCEANS 2018 MTS/IEEE Charleston. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2018.8604586.

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Daneshvar, Somayeh, Koji Otsuka, Yasuaki Maeda, and Feridoun Salak. "Liquefaction of Green Macroalgae in subcritical ethanol." In 2nd Annual International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Sciences (SEES 2013). Global Science and Technology Forum, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2301-3761_ccecp.57.

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Bykova, Natalia, Qin Ye, Dmitriy Grazhdankin, and Shuhai Xiao. "MACROALGAE THROUGH PROTEROZOIC: MORPHOLOGICAL AND PALEOECOLOGICAL ANALYSES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-316654.

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Szekielda, K. H., J. H. Bowles, D. B. Gillis, W. Snyder, and W. D. Miller. "Patch recognition of algal blooms and macroalgae." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Weilin (Will) Hou and Robert A. Arnone. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.854772.

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Chen, Ming, Solomon C. Yim, Daniel Cox, Taiping Wang, Michael Huesemann, Zhaoqing Yang, Thomas Mumford, and Geoffrey Wood. "Hydrodynamic Load Modeling for Offshore Free-Floating Macroalgal Aquaculture Under Extreme Environmental Conditions." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96803.

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Abstract:
Abstract This article describes a preliminary study of an on-going ARPA-E (Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy) MARINER Phase I project. The hydrodynamic load and dynamic response of an innovative offshore macroalgae cultivation system, Nautical Offshore Macroalgal Autonomous Device (NOMAD), under extreme environmental conditions is examined. The high strength, extremely durable, recyclable carbon fiber (rCF) free-floating long-line is applied with polyculture (Nereocystis luetkeana (bull kelp) and Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp)) in the NOMAD system. This novel macroalgal farming system is designed to free float from Washington State to California along the west coast of the US to avoid anchoring costs and the failure of earlier offshore growth trials. In this study, we expect to identify possible failure modes for the preliminarily design of NOMAD free-floating long-line macroalgal farming system based on the preliminary numerical predictions. We developed a 1km system-scale NOMAD free-floating long-line numerical model and performed a dynamic response analysis on the long-line to determine the behaviors of the long-line under extreme environmental conditions. The 1km free-floating rCF long-line responses very flexible due to wave and current activities even for large bending stiffness. Therefore, the potential entanglement of free-floating long-line on a global scale may cause the system failure even when the tensions and bending moments are in the safe range. Three cases include 10m NOMAD free-floating long-line with sugar kelp, bull kelp, and polyculture numerical models are developed, and the simulation results are analyzed. The tensions at the holdfast of the kelps in these cases are found to be below the breakage limit approximately. However, the severe clumping of the kelps and potential entanglement of adjacent lines may result in damage to the farming system.
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Bykova, Natalia, Steven T. LoDuca, Mengyin Wu, Dmitriy Grazhdankin, and Shuhai Xiao. "EDIACARAN MACROALGAE AND THE EARLY EVOLUTION OF ANIMALS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-280760.

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Wijayanti, Widya, Mega Nur Sasongko, and Sasmoko. "A thermolysis of macroalgae gracilaria affected by temperature pyrolysis." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL, MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5098222.

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Safaat, Muhammad, and Diah Anggraini Wulandari. "Pyrolysis of macroalgae and its residue for bio-oil." In THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUROSCIENCE AND LEARNING TECHNOLOGY (ICONSATIN 2021). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0118486.

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Reports on the topic "Macroalgae"

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Singh, Seema, Chessa Scullin, and Blake Simmons. Deconstruction of Macroalgae. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1372639.

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Price, Dean Reid, Johnathon Richard Barbish, Phillip Justin Wolfram, Jr., and Katrina Eleanor Bennet. Assessing Macroalgae Farming Under Climate Change. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1467186.

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Roesijadi, Guritno, Andre M. Coleman, Chaeli Judd, Frances B. Van Cleve, Ronald M. Thom, Kate E. Buenau, Jerry D. Tagestad, Mark S. Wigmosta, and Jeffrey A. Ward. Macroalgae Analysis A National GIS-based Analysis of Macroalgae Production Potential Summary Report and Project Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1039854.

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Roesijadi, Guritno, Susanne B. Jones, Lesley J. Snowden-Swan, and Yunhua Zhu. Macroalgae as a Biomass Feedstock: A Preliminary Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1006310.

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Gonzalez Pelayo, Ana. Prospectus for Future Research: Temperature Effects on Green Macroalgae. Portland State University Library, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.288.

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Yang, Zhaoqing, Alicia Gorton, Taiping Wang, Jonathan Whiting, Andrea Copping, Kevin Haas, Phillip Wolfram, and Solomon Yim. Multi-resolution, Multi-scale Modeling for Scalable Macroalgae Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1642475.

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William Riley Cotton, William Riley Cotton. Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services Provided by Macroalgae Aquaculture. Experiment, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/9125.

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Rose, Deborah. Life cycle of carbon in macroalgae for various products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1902760.

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Bell, Tom. Integrated Monitoring of Macroalgae Farms Using Acoustics and UUV Sensing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1883237.

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Rocheleau, Greg. Predicting Performance of Macroalgae Farms with Hydrodynamic and Biological Modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1846625.

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