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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Macro rough

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Academic literature on the topic 'Macro rough'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Macro rough"

1

Fang, Hongwei, Xu Han, Guojian He, and Subhasish Dey. "Influence of permeable beds on hydraulically macro-rough flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 847 (May 25, 2018): 552–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.314.

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In this study, macro-rough flows over beds with different permeability values are simulated using the large-eddy simulation, and the results are analysed by applying the double-averaging (DA) methodology. Spheres of different sizes and arrangements were used to form the beds, which are deemed to be permeable granular beds. The influence of bed permeability on the turbulence dynamics and structure is investigated. It was observed that the scales of the spanwise vortical structures over more permeable beds are larger than those over less permeable beds. This is attributed to large-scale spanwise-alternate strips of varying Reynolds shear stress (RSS), emerging from the surface of macro-rough elements for the permeable beds. The DA stress balance suggests that the time-averaged spanwise vortical structure leads to a damping in DA RSS and an unusual peak of the form-induced stress in the main flow. In the streamwise direction, both large turbulent structures that originate from the Kelvin–Helmholtz-type instability and small turbulent structures that are associated with the turbulent transport across the gaps of the roughness elements are more prevalent over highly permeable beds. Near the bed, the relative magnitude of turbulent events shows a transition from a ejections-dominating to sweeps-dominating zone with vertical distance. Further, several hydrodynamic characteristics normalized by inner scales (kinematic viscosity to shear velocity ratio) show a greater dependency on permeability Reynolds number than those normalized by sediment size. The study provides an insight into the mechanism of mass transfer near the fluid–particle interface, which is vital to benthic and aquatic ecology.

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Huang, Shiping, and Anil Misra. "Micro–Macro-Shear-Displacement Behavior of Contacting Rough Solids." Tribology Letters 51, no. 3 (July 2, 2013): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-013-0178-y.

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Erpicum, S��bastien, Tobias Meile, Benjamin J. Dewals, Michel Pirotton, and Anton J. Schleiss. "2D numerical flow modeling in a macro-rough channel." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 61, no. 11 (December 20, 2009): 1227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.2002.

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McLauchlin, Theodore. "Desertion, Terrain, and Control of the Home Front in Civil Wars." Journal of Conflict Resolution 58, no. 8 (September 3, 2014): 1419–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002714547901.

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This article examines desertion in civil wars, focusing on the role of combatants’ hometowns in facilitating desertion. Analyzing data from the Spanish Civil War, the article demonstrates that combatants who come from hill country are considerably more likely to desert than combatants whose hometowns are on flat ground. This is because evasion is easier in rough terrain. The finding implies that the cohesion of armed groups depends on control, not just positive incentives, and that control of territory in civil wars goes beyond rebel–government contestation, and consists also of control behind the lines. The article bridges micro and macro approaches to civil wars by indicating the multiple uses to which individuals can put structural conditions like rough terrain. This helps to clarify the macro-level link between rough terrain and civil war. It also shows that micro-level research can profitably examine structural variables alongside individual characteristics and endogenous conflict dynamics.

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Ghilardi, Tamara, Mário J. Franca, and Anton J. Schleiss. "Period and amplitude of bedload pulses in a macro-rough channel." Geomorphology 221 (September 2014): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.06.006.

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Sun, Qingchao, Xiaokai Mu, Bo Yuan, Jiawen Xu, and Wei Sun. "Characteristics extraction and numerical analysis of the rough surface macro-morphology." Engineering Computations 36, no. 3 (April 8, 2019): 765–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-08-2018-0347.

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PurposeThis paper aims to distinguish the relationship between the morphology characteristics of different scales and the contact performance of the mating surfaces. Also, an integrated method of the spectrum analysis and the wavelet transform is used to separate the morphology characteristics of the actual machined parts.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a three-dimensional (3D) surface profilometer is used to obtain the surface morphology data of the actual machined parts. Second, the morphology characteristics of different scales are realized by the wavelet analysis and the power spectral density. Third, the reverse modeling engineering is used to construct the 3D contact models for the macroscopic characteristics. Finally, the finite element method is used to analyze the contact stiffness and the contact area of the 3D contact model.FindingsThe contact area and the nominal contact pressure Pn have a nonlinear relationship in the whole compression process for the 3D contact model. The percentage of the total contact area of the macro-scale mating surface is about 70 per cent when the contact pressure Pn is in the range of 0-100 MPa, and the elastic contact area accounts for the vast majority. Meanwhile, when the contact pressure Pn is less than 10MPa, the influence factor (the relative error of contact stiffness) is larger than 50 per cent, so the surface macro-scale morphology has a weakening effect on the normal contact stiffness of the mating surfaces.Originality/valueThis paper provides an effective method for the multi-scale separation of the surface morphology and then lays a certain theoretical foundation for improving the surface quality of parts and the morphology design.

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Francisco, Arthur, and Noël Brunetière. "Full and Hybrid Multiscale Lubrication Modeling." Lubricants 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2022): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10120329.

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The numerical solution for the lubrication of parallel rough surfaces cannot be obtained using the well-known flow factors of Patir and Cheng. Nor can it be determined using homogenization techniques. Is there an alternative, besides a purely long-term deterministic way of solving the problem? The present paper aims at proposing a multiscale approach in order to reduce the computing time, specific to deterministic resolutions, while maintaining good accuracy. The configuration is a parallel rough surface slider, with imposed hydrodynamic operating conditions. The domain consists of independent macro-elements, on which the Reynolds equation is solved. Then, the macro-element boundaries are adjusted to ensure global mass conservation. In its hybrid version, the algorithm replaces some well-chosen macro-elements by simple linear finite elements. The results clearly show the potential of our method. Because the lubrication of each macro-element can be processed independently, the multicore architecture of the processor is exploited. Even if the performance depends on the ratio roughness/height, the computing time is half than for the classical deterministic method, with a few percent errors. The work concludes with some recommendations on the configurations for which the multiscale method is best suited, such as surfaces with short correlation lengths.

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Bobji, M. S., and S. K. Biswas. "Deconvolution of hardness from data obtained from nanoindentation of rough surfaces." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 6 (June 1999): 2259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0302.

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Variation of hardness with penetration in nanoindentation of a rough surface is a compound effect of variation in asperity geometry with penetration, designated geometric effect, and genuine property gradients with depth as may exist in a near-surface zone. We simulate indentation of a rough surface numerically to elucidate the geometric effects and validate it by some model “macro” experiments. Finally, we formulate a general framework to deconvolute genuine property variation by normalizing the measured hardness with the geometric effect.

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MIGNOT, EMMANUEL, E. BARTHELEMY, and D. HURTHER. "Double-averaging analysis and local flow characterization of near-bed turbulence in gravel-bed channel flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 618 (January 10, 2009): 279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008004643.

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This investigation focuses on the characteristics of near-bed turbulence in fully rough gravel-bed open-channel flows. The analysis combines results obtained with the double-averaging methodology and local flow characterization, using velocity measurements provided by a high-resolution three-axis Acoustic Doppler Velocity Profiler (ADVP). As a result of the flow heterogeneity induced by the bed topography, the flow is not locally uniform in the near-bed region, and a double-averaging methodology is applied over a length scale much greater than the gravel size. In smooth- and rough-bed flow conditions, without macro-roughness bed elements, maximum turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) production occurs very close to z = 0, while in our case with fully rough flows with macro-roughness elements, maximum turbulence activity is found to occur at gravel crest levels zc (zc/h = 0.1). Turbulent diffusion also reaches a maximum at this elevation. The characteristics of the spatially averaged TKE budget are in good agreement with those obtained in flows over canopies. The hydrodynamic double-averaged properties have strong similarities with mixing layers and reattached mixing layers in flows over backward facing steps. Local time-averaged velocity profiles can be split into three typical classes, namely log, S-shaped and accelerated. It appears that the S-shaped class profiles, located in the wakes of the macro-roughness elements, exhibit an inflectional profile typical of mixing layers. They are of major importance in the double-averaged TKE budget, as they provide a local high contribution to the double-averaged TKE flux, TKE production and dissipation compared to the log class profiles. Consequently, double-averaged TKE production is roughly 75% greater than the dissipation rate at the point of maximal TKE production. Moreover the macro-roughness bed elements imply mixing-layer-type hydrodynamics that play a dominant role in the overall structure of mean near-bed turbulence of gravel-bed channel flows.

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Zha, Fusheng, Chen Chen, Wei Guo, Penglong Zheng, and Junyi Shi. "A free gait controller designed for a heavy load hexapod robot." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 3 (March 2019): 168781401983836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019838369.

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As macroscopic rough terrains are time varying and full of local topographic mutations, stable locomotions of legged robots moving through such terrains in a fixed gait form can be hardly obtained. This problem becomes more severe as the size and weight of the robot increase. An ideal pre-planned gait changing method can also be hardly designed due to the same limitations. Aiming to solve the problem, a new kind of free gait controller applied to a large-scale hexapod robot with heavy load is developed. The controller consists of two parts, a free gait planner and a gait regulator. Based on the observed macro terrain changes, the free gait planner adopts the macro terrain recognition method and the status searching method for selecting the best leg support status automatically. The gait regulator is adopted for the correction of the selected status to cope with local topographic mutations. Detailed simulation experiments are presented to demonstrate that, with the designed controller, the adopted hexapod robot can change moving gaits automatically in terms of the terrain conditions and obtain stable locomotions through rough terrains.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Macro rough"

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Pohrt, Roman [Verfasser], Valentin [Akademischer Betreuer] Popov, and Marco [Akademischer Betreuer] Paggi. "Normal stiffness of multiscale rough surfaces in elastic contact / Roman Pohrt. Gutachter: Valentin Popov ; Marco Paggi. Betreuer: Valentin Popov." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1067385479/34.

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Books on the topic "Macro rough"

1

Brown, Jules. Hong Kong and Macau: The rough guide. London: Harrap-Columbus, 1991.

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1965-, Lee Helen, and Dunford Martin, eds. Hong Kong and Macau: The rough guide. 2nd ed. London: The Rough Guides, 1993.

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Brown, Jules. Hong Kong and Macau: The rough guide. 3rd ed. London: The Rough Guides, 1996.

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Brown, Jules. Hong Kong and Macau: The rough guide. London: Rough Guides, 1993.

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Lee, Helen, and Jules Brown. Hong Kong and Macau: The Rough Guide, Second Edition (The Rough Guide). 2nd ed. Rough Guides, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Macro rough"

1

Mahendra, Ashwin, and Rajendran Senthil kumar. "Design of Macro-rough Surface and Its Influence on Side Wall Heated Square Enclosure." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 435–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4488-0_37.

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Kuo, M., and M. Bolton. "Imaging of crushable grains when shearing against rough interfaces." In Geomechanics from Micro to Macro, 1049–54. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17395-188.

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Xia, C., S. Zhou, S. Du, and Y. Song. "Particle flow modeling for direct shear behavior of rough joints." In Geomechanics from Micro to Macro, 437–42. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17395-78.

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Kuo, M. "New insights into the micromechanics of soft clay shearing on rough and smooth interfaces." In Geomechanics from Micro to Macro, 1043–47. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17395-187.

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Conference papers on the topic "Macro rough"

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Elhanafi, S., and K. Farhang. "Leakage Prediction in Mechanical Seals Under Hydrostatic Operating Condition." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44460.

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This paper considers leakage in mechanical seals under hydrostatic operating condition. A contact model based on the Greenwood and Williamson contact of rough surfaces is developed for treating problems involving mechanical seals in which both the micron scale roughness of the seal face and its macro scale profile are used to obtain either a closed-form equation or a nonlinear equation relating mean plane separation to the mass flow rate. The equations involve the micron scale geometry of the rough surfaces and physical parameter of the seal and carriage. Under hydrostatic condition, it is shown that there is an approximate closed-form solution in which mass flow rate in terms of the mean plane separation, or alternatively, the mean plane separation in terms of the leakage mass flow rate is found. Equations pertaining to leakage in nominally flat seal macro profile is considered and closed form equation relating to leakage flow rate to pressure difference is obtained that contain macro and micron geometries of the seal.

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Farhang, K., and A. Elhomani. "Friction Heat Due to Sliding of Rough Surfaces: Micro-Scale Interactions and Their Macro-Scale Effect." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68844.

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When two rough surfaces are in sliding contact an asperity on a surface would experience intermittent temperature flashes as it comes in momentary contact with asperities on a second surface. The frequency of the flash temperatures, their strength and duration depend, in addition to the sliding speed, on the topology of the two surfaces. In this paper a model is developed for the work-heat relation with a consideration of the above-mentioned intermittent nature of contact. The work of friction on one asperity is derived in integral form and closed-form equations. The rate of generation of heat is found due to a single asperity. Using the statistical account of asperity friction heat generation, rate of heat generation between two rough surfaces is obtained both in statistical integral form and in the approximate closed form.

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Michopoulos, John G., Marcus Young, and Athanasios Iliopoulos. "Multiscale and Multifield Multiphysics of High Current Pulse Static Contact With Rough Surfaces." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12879.

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We are presenting a multi-field and multiscale theory leading to derivations of physical properties from surface topography and bulk material properties for the interface between two rough surfaces in contact activated by mechanical load and high current pulses. At the macro-scale our proposed model involves multi-field coupling of conduction and induction currents with heat conduction induced by Joule heating. The structural mechanics of the conducting materials are also considered. At the meso-scale and micro-scale the associated model contains an asperity based comprehensive model that leads to homogenized macro scale properties for the interface boundary. The mechanical pressure and the repulsion effect from electric current through the micro-contacts are accounted for as well. Numerical analysis results illustrate the dependence of the derived properties on the surface characteristics, external load and the electric current. Finally, the entire framework is applied to an actual conductor configuration of hollow cylinders under compression and a high current pulse to demonstrate the feasibility of the entire approach.

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Farhang, Kambiz, and Aik-Liang Lim. "Friction/Vibration Coupling Due to Viscoelastic Interaction of Rough Surfaces of Two Disks in Frictional Contact." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48580.

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Approximate equations describing contact of rough surfaces are implemented in the equations of motion for frictional interaction of two disks in relative rotational motion. The approximate equations are nonlinear functions of the relative axial position of the two disks and provide coupling between their compressive and rotary motion. A set of two coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations is obtained. The mathematical formulation propounded in this paper connects the tribological events at micron-scale and the macroscopic scale vibration response of the two-disk system. This is accomplished by a visco-elastic account of interaction at the micron scale, its statistical quantification through the approximate analytical representation of the statistical expectation of contact force and the introduction of the contact force into the macro-scale dynamics of the two-disk system. Steady-state analysis of the system supports observed behavior of many mechanical systems with friction. It is shown that, as a result of coupling of the macro-system’s dynamics and contact, there are combinations of parameters at the microand macro-scale that yield negative slope in friction force/sliding speed, a well known source of dynamic instability. This results in an effective negative damping that tends to reduce with decrease in the normal load and/or increase in structural damping of the system.

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Bahrami, M., J. R. Culham, and M. M. Yovanovich. "A Scale Analysis Approach to Thermal Contact Resistance." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55283.

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A new analytical model is developed for predicting thermal contact resistance (TCR) of non-conforming rough contacts of bare solids in a vacuum. Instead of using probability relationships to model the size and number of microcontacts of Gaussian surfaces, a novel approach by employing the “scale analysis methods” is taken. It is shown that the mean size of the microcontacts is proportional to the surface roughness and inversely proportional to the surface asperity slope. A general relationship for determining TCR is derived by superposition of the macro and the effective micro thermal resistances. The present model allows TCR to be predicted over the entire range of non-conforming rough contacts from conforming rough to smooth Hertzian contacts. It is demonstrated that the geometry of heat sources on a half-space for microcontacts is justifiable and that effective micro thermal resistance is not a function of surface curvature. A comparison of the present model with 604 experimental data points, collected by many researchers during the last forty years, shows good agreement for the entire range of TCR. The data covers a wide range of materials, mechanical and thermophysical properties, micro and macro contact geometries, and similar and dissimilar metal contacts.

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Rovenskaya, Olga, and Giulio Croce. "Numerical Investigation of Rough Surfaces: Coupling Approach." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73068.

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A numerical analysis of the flow field in rough microchannel is carried out decomposing the computational physical domain into kinetic and continuum sub-domains. Each domain size is determined by the value of a proper threshold parameter, based on the local Knudsen number and local gradients of macro-parameters. This switching parameter is computed from a preliminary Navier–Stokes solution throughout the whole physical domain. The solution is then advanced in time simultaneously in both kinetic and continuum domains: the coupling is achieved by matching half fluxes at the interface of the kinetic and Navier–Stokes domains, taking care of the conservation of momentum, energy and mass through the interface. The roughness geometry is modeled as a series of triangular obstructions with a relative roughness up to a maximum of 5% of the channel height. A wide range of Mach numbers is considered, from nearly incompressible to chocked flow conditions and a Reynolds number up to 100. Accuracy and discrepancies between full Navier Stokes, kinetic and coupled solutions are discussed, assessing the range of applicability of first order slip condition in rough geometries. The effect of the roughness is discussed via Poiseuille number as a function of local Knudsen and Mach numbers.

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Ren, Ning, W. Wayne Chen, Dong Zhu, Yuchuan Liu, and Q. Jane Wang. "A Three-Dimensional Deterministic Model for Rough Surface Line-Contact EHL Problems." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44476.

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This paper reports the development of a novel three-dimensional (3D) deterministic model for rough surface line-contact mixed-EHL problems. This model is of great importance because line contacts are found in many mechanical components. The macro aspects of a line-contact problem can be simplified into a two-dimensional (2D) model, but the topography of contacting rough surfaces, micro asperity contacts, and lubricant flows around asperities are often 3D. The present model is based on Hu and Zhu’s unified mixed EHL model [1] and the mixed FFT-based approach formulated by Chen et al [2]. It is numerically verified through comparisons with results from conventional 2D line-contact EHL theories. Numerical examples involving sinusoidal roughness and digitized 3D machined surfaces are analyzed.

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Wilson, W. Everett, Robert L. Jackson, Santosh Angadi, and Jeffrey Streator. "Surface Separation and Contact Resistance Considering Elasto-Plastic Multi-Scale Rough Surface Contact." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44324.

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The current work considers the multiscale nature of surface roughness in a new model that predicts the real area of contact and surface separation, all as a function of load. By summing the distance between the two surfaces at all scales, a model of surface separation as a function of dimensionless load is also obtained. The model is also able to make predictions for thermal (and electrical) contact resistance. In striving for a more realistic model, the multi-scale model accounts for the effects of a rough surface geometry ranging from macro down to the nano scale. A previous rough surface contact model was based on stacked elasto-plastic spheres. This work uses stacked 3-D sinusoids to represent the asperities in contact at each scale of the surface. The results are also compared to several other existing rough surface contact models and experimental results.

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Teodorescu, Mircea, Stephanos Theodossiades, and Homer Rahnejat. "Nano-Scale Impact Characteristics of Rough Surfaces in Humid Atmosphere With Full or Partial SAM Protection." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49949.

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The impact dynamics of micro-scale mechanisms deviates from the classical theories applied to traditional macro-systems, This is because of multiplicity of forces acting in nano-scale contacts, which have negligible effect at the larger scale. A fundamental understanding of these forces and their interplay is required to advise design of such mechanisms based on fundamental physics. The paper highlights the significance of some of these forces and circumstances where their influence becomes significant.

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Farhang, K., D. Segalman, and M. Starr. "Prediction of Dissipation in Joints Subject to Oscillating Force." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44384.

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Energy dissipation in mechanical joints occurs as a result of micro-slip motion between contacting rough surfaces. An account of this phenomenon is especially challenging due to the vast differences in the length and time scales between the macro-mechanical structure and the micron-scale events at the joint interface. This paper considers the contact between two nominally flat surfaces containing micron-scale roughness. The rough surface interaction is viewed as a multi-sphere elastic interaction subject to a periodic tangential force. It combines the Mindlin’s formulation [1,2] for the elastic interaction of two spheres with the Greenwood and Williamson’s [3] statistical approach for the contact of two nominally flat rough surfaces so as to develop a model for multi-sphere problem in which sphere radii, contact load and the number of spheres in contact can only be known in a statistical sense and not deterministically.

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